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Turnout and Vote Choice Data Overview

The below table has been updated through July 25, 2023.

The Turnout and Vote Choice (TVC) Data Overview summarizes the turnout and vote choice data available in CSES data products. Each row lists a polity appearing in CSES. Columns in the table indicate the year of study, the CSES module to which the study belongs, and the turnout and vote choice data for the current election CSES data products have.

CSES collects turnout and vote choice data for lower house elections, upper house elections, and presidential elections were available/applicable. Besides appearing in their respective Standalone Modules, all polities appear in the CSES Integrated Module Dataset (IMD). 

• = data on turnout and/or vote choice data for this particular election.
■ = the main election of each election study.
If data is only available for one election for a particular study, this is also represented by ■.

PolityYear of StudyModuleTurnout: Lower HouseVote Choice: Lower HouseTurnout: Upper HouseVote Choice: Upper HouseTurnout: PresidentialVote Choice: Presidential
Albania20052
Albania20175
Argentina20154
Australia 19961
Australia 20042
Australia 20073
Australia 20134
Australia 20195
Austria 20083
Austria 20134
Austria 20175
Belarus20011
Belarus20083
Belgium-Flanders19991
Belgium-Walloon19991
Belgium20032
Belgium-Flanders20195
Belgium-Walloon20195
Brazil20022
Brazil20063
Brazil20103
Brazil20144
Brazil20185
Bulgaria20012
Bulgaria20144
Canada19971
Canada20042
Canada20083
Canada20114
Canada20154
Canada20195
Chile19991
Chile20052
Chile20093
Chile20175
Costa Rica20195
Croatia20073
Czech Republic19961
Czech Republic20022
Czech Republic20063
Czech Republic20103
Czech Republic20134
Czech Republic (Czechia)
20175
Czech Republic (Czechia)20215
Denmark19981
Denmark20012
Denmark20073
Denmark20195
El Salvador20195
Estonia20113
Finland20032
Finland20073
Finland20113
Finland20154
Finland20195
France20022
France20073
France20124
France20175
Germany19981
Germany2002-12
Germany2002-22
Germany20053
Germany20093
Germany20134
Germany20175
Germany20215
Great Britain19971
Great Britain20052
Great Britain20154
Great Britain20175
Great Britain20195
Greece20093
Greece20124
Greece20154
Greece20155
Greece20195
Hong Kong19981
Hong Kong20001
Hong Kong20042
Hong Kong20083
Hong Kong20124
Hong Kong20165
Hungary19981
Hungary20022
Hungary20185
Iceland19991
Iceland20032
Iceland20073
Iceland20093
Iceland20134
Iceland20165
Iceland20175
India20195
Ireland 20022
Ireland 20073
Ireland 20114
Ireland 20165
Israel19961
Israel20032
Israel20063
Israel20134
Israel20205
Italy20062
Italy20185
Japan19961
Japan20042
Japan20073
Japan20134
Japan20175
Kenya20134
Kyrgyzstan20052
Latvia20103
Latvia20114
Latvia20144
Latvia20185
Lithuania19971
Lithuania20165
Lithuania20205
Mexico19971
Mexico20001
Mexico20032
Mexico20063
Mexico20093
Mexico20124
Mexico20154
Mexico20185
Montenegro20124
Montenegro20165
Netherlands19981
Netherlands20022
Netherlands20063
Netherlands20103
Netherlands20175
Netherlands20215
New Zealand19961
New Zealand20022
New Zealand20083
New Zealand20114
New Zealand20144
New Zealand20175
New Zealand20205
Norway19971
Norway20012
Norway20053
Norway20093
Norway20134
Norway20175
Peru20001
Peru20011
Peru20062
Peru20113
Peru20164
Peru20215
Philippines20042
Philippines20103
Philippines20164
Poland 19971
Poland 20012
Poland 20053
Poland 20073
Poland 20114
Poland20195
Portugal20021
Portugal20022
Portugal20052
Portugal20093
Portugal20154
Portugal20195
Romania19961
Romania20042
Romania20093
Romania20124
Romania20144
Romania20165
Russia19991
Russia20001
Russia20042
Serbia20124
Slovakia20103
Slovakia20164
Slovakia20205
Slovenia19961
Slovenia20042
Slovenia20083
Slovenia20114
South Africa20093
South Africa20144
South Korea20001
South Korea20042
South Korea20083
South Korea20124
South Korea20165
Spain19961
Spain20001
Spain20042
Spain20083
Sweden19981
Sweden20022
Sweden20063
Sweden20144
Sweden20185
Switzerland19991
Switzerland20032
Switzerland20073
Switzerland20114
Switzerland20195
Taiwan19961
Taiwan20012
Taiwan20042
Taiwan20083
Taiwan20124
Taiwan20165
Taiwan20205
Thailand20011
Thailand20073
Thailand20114
Thailand20195
Tunisia20195
Turkey20113
Turkey20154
Turkey20185
Ukraine19981
United States19961
United States20042
United States20083
United States20124
United States20165
United States20205
Uruguay20093
Uruguay20195

Note: Some studies ask a general turnout question rather than turnout by specific election. Hence why some studies contain vote choice data for a particular election but not a particular turnout variable pertaining to that election.

The turnout variables relating to the current election and the vote choice variables relating to the current election in each CSES data product have the following variable names within their respective datasets:
Module 1: A2028 & A2029 – A2032
Module 2: B3004_ & B3005_ – B3007_
Module 3: C3021_ & C3023_
Module 4: D3005_ & D3006_ – D3008_
Module 5: E3012_ & E3013_
IMD: IMD3001_ & IMD3002_
* _ after a variable name means there are multiple variables classified related to turnout and vote choice.

Users are advised that the above table is not intended to replace use of the CSES Codebooks and other documentation. For more information, users are advised to consult Standalone CSES Module Codebooks Part 2 where detailed descriptions can be found on the variables.