=========================================================================== COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ELECTORAL SYSTEMS (CSES) - MODULE 2 (2001-2006) CODEBOOK: VARIABLES DESCRIPTION FULL RELEASE - DECEMBER 15, 2015 VERSION CSES Secretariat www.cses.org =========================================================================== HOW TO CITE THE STUDY: The Comparative Study of Electoral Systems (www.cses.org). CSES MODULE 2 FULL RELEASE [dataset]. December 15, 2015 version. doi:10.7804/cses.module2.2015-12-15 These materials are based on work supported by the National Science Foundation (www.nsf.gov) under grant numbers SES-0112029 and SES-0451598, the GESIS - Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences, the University of Michigan, in-kind support of participating election studies, the many organizations that sponsor planning meetings and conferences, and the many organizations that fund election studies by CSES collaborators. Any opinions, findings and conclusions, or recommendations expressed in these materials are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the funding organizations. =========================================================================== IMPORTANT NOTE REGARDING FULL RELEASES: This dataset and all accompanying documentation is the "Full Release" of CSES Module 2 (2001-2006). Users of the Final Release may wish to monitor the errata for CSES Module 2 on the CSES website, to check for known errors which may impact their analyses. To view errata for CSES Module 2, go to the Data Center on the CSES website, navigate to the CSES Module 2 download page, and click on the Errata link in the gray box to the right of the page. =========================================================================== TABLE OF CONTENTS =========================================================================== ))) CSES MODULE 2 VARIABLE LIST ))) CSES MODULE 2 MICRO-LEVEL DATA: IDENTIFICATION, WEIGHT, AND STUDY ADMINISTRATION VARIABLES ))) CSES MODULE 2 MICRO-LEVEL DATA: DEMOGRAPHIC, VOTE CHOICE, AND ELECTION VARIABLES ))) CSES MODULE 2 MICRO-LEVEL DATA: SURVEY VARIABLES ))) CSES MODULE 2 DISTRICT-LEVEL VARIABLES ))) CSES MODULE 2 MACRO-LEVEL VARIABLES =========================================================================== ))) CSES MODULE 2 VARIABLE LIST =========================================================================== ))) CSES MODULE 2 MICRO-LEVEL DATA: IDENTIFICATION, WEIGHT, AND STUDY ADMINISTRATION VARIABLES B1001 >>> DATASET B1002 >>> DATASET VERSION B1002_DOI>>> DIGITAL OBJECT IDENTIFIER B1003 >>> ID VARIABLE - ELECTION STUDY (NUMERIC POLITY) B1004 >>> ID VARIABLE - ELECTION STUDY (ALPHABETIC POLITY) B1005 >>> ID VARIABLE - RESPONDENT B1006 >>> ID COMPONENT - POLITY CSES CODE B1006_UN >>> ID COMPONENT - POLITY UN CODE B1006_NAM>>> ID COMPONENT - POLITY NAME B1007 >>> ID COMPONENT - SAMPLE COMPONENT B1008 >>> ID COMPONENT - ELECTION YEAR B1009 >>> ID COMPONENT - RESPONDENT WITHIN ELECTION STUDY B1010_1 >>> ORIGINAL WEIGHT: SAMPLE B1010_2 >>> ORIGINAL WEIGHT: DEMOGRAPHIC B1010_3 >>> ORIGINAL WEIGHT: POLITICAL B1011_1 >>> FACTOR: MEAN OF SAMPLE WEIGHT B1011_2 >>> FACTOR: MEAN OF DEMOGRAPHIC WEIGHT B1011_3 >>> FACTOR: MEAN OF POLITICAL WEIGHT B1012_1 >>> POLITY WEIGHT: SAMPLE B1012_2 >>> POLITY WEIGHT: DEMOGRAPHIC B1012_3 >>> POLITY WEIGHT: POLITICAL B1013 >>> FACTOR: SAMPLE SIZE ADJUSTMENT B1014_1 >>> DATASET WEIGHT: SAMPLE B1014_2 >>> DATASET WEIGHT: DEMOGRAPHIC B1014_3 >>> DATASET WEIGHT: POLITICAL B1015 >>> ELECTION TYPE B1016 >>> DATE 1ST ROUND ELECTION BEGAN - MONTH B1017 >>> DATE 1ST ROUND ELECTION BEGAN - DAY B1018 >>> DATE 1ST ROUND ELECTION BEGAN - YEAR B1019 >>> DATE 2ND ROUND ELECTION BEGAN - MONTH B1020 >>> DATE 2ND ROUND ELECTION BEGAN - DAY B1021 >>> DATE 2ND ROUND ELECTION BEGAN - YEAR B1022 >>> STUDY TIMING B1023 >>> MODE OF INTERVIEW B1024 >>> INTERVIEWER WITHIN ELECTION STUDY B1025 >>> INTERVIEWER GENDER B1026 >>> DATE QUESTIONNAIRE ADMINISTERED - MONTH B1027 >>> DATE QUESTIONNAIRE ADMINISTERED - DAY B1028 >>> DATE QUESTIONNAIRE ADMINISTERED - YEAR ))) CSES MODULE 2 MICRO-LEVEL DATA: DEMOGRAPHIC, VOTE CHOICE, AND ELECTION VARIABLES B2001 >>> AGE B2002 >>> GENDER B2003 >>> EDUCATION B2004 >>> MARITAL STATUS B2005 >>> UNION MEMBERSHIP B2006 >>> UNION MEMBERSHIP OF OTHERS IN HOUSEHOLD B2007 >>> BUSINESS OR EMPLOYERS' ASSOCIATION MEMBERSHIP B2008 >>> FARMERS' ASSOCIATION MEMBERSHIP B2009 >>> PROFESSIONAL ASSOCIATION MEMBERSHIP B2010 >>> CURRENT EMPLOYMENT STATUS B2011 >>> MAIN OCCUPATION B2012 >>> SOCIO ECONOMIC STATUS B2013 >>> EMPLOYMENT TYPE - PUBLIC OR PRIVATE B2014 >>> INDUSTRIAL SECTOR B2015 >>> SPOUSE: CURRENT EMPLOYMENT STATUS B2016 >>> SPOUSE: OCCUPATION B2017 >>> SPOUSE: SOCIO ECONOMIC STATUS B2018 >>> SPOUSE: EMPLOYMENT TYPE - PUBLIC OR PRIVATE B2019 >>> SPOUSE: INDUSTRIAL SECTOR B2020 >>> HOUSEHOLD INCOME B2021 >>> NUMBER IN HOUSEHOLD B2022 >>> NUMBER OF CHILDREN IN HOUSEHOLD UNDER AGE 18 B2023 >>> RELIGIOUS SERVICES ATTENDANCE B2024 >>> RELIGIOSITY B2025 >>> RELIGIOUS DENOMINATION B2026 >>> LANGUAGE USUALLY SPOKEN AT HOME B2027 >>> REGION OF RESIDENCE B2028 >>> RACE B2029 >>> ETHNICITY B2030 >>> RURAL OR URBAN RESIDENCE B2031 >>> PRIMARY ELECTORAL DISTRICT B2032 >>> DAYS INTERVIEW CONDUCTED POST ELECTION ))) CSES MODULE 2 MICRO-LEVEL DATA: SURVEY VARIABLES B3001_1 >>> POLITICAL PARTICIPATION: PERSUADE OTHERS B3001_2 >>> POLITICAL PARTICIPATION: CAMPAIGN ACTIVITIES B3002_1 >>> HOW OFTEN DID R PERSUADE OTHERS B3002_2 >>> HOW OFTEN DID R PARTICIPATE IN CAMPAIGN ACTIVITIES B3003 >>> CONTACTED BY CANDIDATE OR PARTY DURING CAMPAIGN B3004_1 >>> CURRENT ELECTION: DID RESPONDENT CAST A BALLOT 1 B3004_2 >>> CURRENT ELECTION: DID RESPONDENT CAST A BALLOT 2 B3005_1 >>> CURRENT ELECTION: VOTE CHOICE - PRESIDENT 1 B3005_2 >>> CURRENT ELECTION: VOTE CHOICE - PRESIDENT 2 B3006_1 >>> CURRENT ELECTION: VOTE CHOICE - LOWER HOUSE 1 B3006_2 >>> CURRENT ELECTION: VOTE CHOICE - LOWER HOUSE 2 B3007_1 >>> CURRENT ELECTION: VOTE CHOICE - UPPER HOUSE 1 B3007_2 >>> CURRENT ELECTION: VOTE CHOICE - UPPER HOUSE 2 B3007_3 >>> CURRENT ELECTION: VOTE CHOICE - UPPER HOUSE 3 B3007_4 >>> CURRENT ELECTION: VOTE CHOICE - UPPER HOUSE 4 B3008 >>> CURRENT ELECTION: DID R CAST CANDIDATE PREFERENCE VOTE B3009 >>> MOST IMPORTANT ISSUE B3010 >>> GOVERNMENT PERFORMANCE: MOST IMPORTANT ISSUE B3011 >>> GOVERNMENT PERFORMANCE: GENERAL B3012 >>> SATISFACTION WITH DEMOCRACY B3013 >>> WHO IS IN POWER CAN MAKE DIFFERENCE B3014 >>> WHO PEOPLE VOTE FOR MAKES A DIFFERENCE B3015 >>> DEMOCRACY BETTER THAN ANY OTHER FORM OF GOVERNMENT B3016 >>> PREVIOUS ELECTION: DID RESPONDENT CAST A BALLOT B3017 >>> PREVIOUS ELECTION: VOTE CHOICE - PRESIDENT B3018_1 >>> PREVIOUS ELECTION: VOTE CHOICE - LOWER HOUSE 1 B3018_2 >>> PREVIOUS ELECTION: VOTE CHOICE - LOWER HOUSE 2 B3019_1 >>> PREVIOUS ELECTION: VOTE CHOICE - UPPER HOUSE 1 B3019_2 >>> PREVIOUS ELECTION: VOTE CHOICE - UPPER HOUSE 2 B3019_3 >>> PREVIOUS ELECTION: VOTE CHOICE - UPPER HOUSE 3 B3020 >>> PREVIOUS ELECTION: DID R CAST CANDIDATE PREFERENCE VOTE B3021 >>> PERFORMANCE OF PARTY R VOTED FOR IN PREVIOUS ELECTION B3022 >>> HOW WELL VOTERS' VIEWS ARE REPRESENTED IN ELECTIONS B3023 >>> IS THERE A PARTY THAT REPRESENTS R'S VIEWS B3024 >>> PARTY THAT REPRESENTS R'S VIEWS BEST B3025 >>> IS THERE A LEADER WHO REPRESENTS R'S VIEWS B3026 >>> LEADER WHO REPRESENTS R'S VIEWS BEST B3027 >>> QUESTIONNAIRE USED - LONG OR SHORT B3028 >>> ARE YOU CLOSE TO ANY POLITICAL PARTY B3029_1 >>> PARTY CLOSEST TO - 1ST MENTION B3029_2 >>> PARTY CLOSEST TO - 2ND MENTION B3029_3 >>> PARTY CLOSEST TO - 3RD MENTION B3030 >>> NUMBER OF PARTIES MENTIONED IN B3029 B3031_1 >>> WHICH PARTY WITHIN BLOC IS R CLOSEST TO - 1ST MENTION B3031_2 >>> WHICH PARTY WITHIN BLOC IS R CLOSEST TO - 2ND MENTION B3031_3 >>> WHICH PARTY WITHIN BLOC IS R CLOSEST TO - 3RD MENTION B3032 >>> NUMBER OF PARTIES MENTIONED IN B3029, B3031 B3033 >>> WHICH PARTY DO YOU FEEL CLOSEST TO B3034 >>> DO YOU FEEL CLOSER TO ONE PARTY B3035 >>> WHICH PARTY DO YOU FEEL CLOSER TO B3036 >>> DEGREE OF CLOSENESS TO THIS PARTY B3037_A >>> LIKE-DISLIKE - PARTY A B3037_B >>> LIKE-DISLIKE - PARTY B B3037_C >>> LIKE-DISLIKE - PARTY C B3037_D >>> LIKE-DISLIKE - PARTY D B3037_E >>> LIKE-DISLIKE - PARTY E B3037_F >>> LIKE-DISLIKE - PARTY F B3037_G >>> LIKE-DISLIKE - ADDITIONAL - PARTY G B3037_H >>> LIKE-DISLIKE - ADDITIONAL - PARTY H B3037_I >>> LIKE-DISLIKE - ADDITIONAL - PARTY I B3038_A >>> LEFT-RIGHT - PARTY A B3038_B >>> LEFT-RIGHT - PARTY B B3038_C >>> LEFT-RIGHT - PARTY C B3038_D >>> LEFT-RIGHT - PARTY D B3038_E >>> LEFT-RIGHT - PARTY E B3038_F >>> LEFT-RIGHT - PARTY F B3038_G >>> LEFT-RIGHT - ADDITIONAL - PARTY G B3038_H >>> LEFT-RIGHT - ADDITIONAL - PARTY H B3038_I >>> LEFT-RIGHT - ADDITIONAL - PARTY I B3039_A >>> LEFT-RIGHT - LEADER A B3039_B >>> LEFT-RIGHT - LEADER B B3039_C >>> LEFT-RIGHT - LEADER C B3039_D >>> LEFT-RIGHT - LEADER D B3039_E >>> LEFT-RIGHT - LEADER E B3039_F >>> LEFT-RIGHT - LEADER F B3039_G >>> LEFT-RIGHT - ADDITIONAL - LEADER G B3039_H >>> LEFT-RIGHT - ADDITIONAL - LEADER H B3039_I >>> LEFT-RIGHT - ADDITIONAL - LEADER I B3040_A >>> OPTIONAL SCALE - PARTY A B3040_B >>> OPTIONAL SCALE - PARTY B B3040_C >>> OPTIONAL SCALE - PARTY C B3040_D >>> OPTIONAL SCALE - PARTY D B3040_E >>> OPTIONAL SCALE - PARTY E B3040_F >>> OPTIONAL SCALE - PARTY F B3040_G >>> OPTIONAL SCALE - ADDITIONAL - PARTY G B3040_H >>> OPTIONAL SCALE - ADDITIONAL - PARTY H B3040_I >>> OPTIONAL SCALE - ADDITIONAL - PARTY I B3041_A >>> OPTIONAL SCALE - LEADER A B3041_B >>> OPTIONAL SCALE - LEADER B B3041_C >>> OPTIONAL SCALE - LEADER C B3041_D >>> OPTIONAL SCALE - LEADER D B3041_E >>> OPTIONAL SCALE - LEADER E B3041_F >>> OPTIONAL SCALE - LEADER F B3041_G >>> OPTIONAL SCALE - ADDITIONAL - LEADER G B3041_H >>> OPTIONAL SCALE - ADDITIONAL - LEADER H B3041_I >>> OPTIONAL SCALE - ADDITIONAL - LEADER I B3042_1 >>> POLITICAL PARTICIPATION: CONTACT POLITICIAN OR OFFICIAL B3042_2 >>> POLITICAL PARTICIPATION: PROTEST OR DEMONSTRATION B3042_3 >>> POLITICAL PARTICIPATION: WORK WITH OTHERS WHO SHARE CONCERNS B3043 >>> RESPECT FOR INDIVIDUAL FREEDOM AND HUMAN RIGHTS B3044 >>> HOW WIDESPREAD IS CORRUPTION B3045 >>> LEFT-RIGHT - SELF B3046 >>> OPTIONAL SCALE - SELF B3047_1 >>> POLITICAL INFORMATION ITEM - 1ST B3047_2 >>> POLITICAL INFORMATION ITEM - 2ND B3047_3 >>> POLITICAL INFORMATION ITEM - 3RD ))) CSES MODULE 2 DISTRICT-LEVEL VARIABLES B4001 >>> NUMBER OF SEATS IN DISTRICT B4002 >>> NUMBER OF CANDIDATES IN DISTRICT B4003 >>> NUMBER OF PARTY LISTS IN DISTRICT B4004_A >>> PERCENT VOTE IN DISTRICT - PARTY A B4004_B >>> PERCENT VOTE IN DISTRICT - PARTY B B4004_C >>> PERCENT VOTE IN DISTRICT - PARTY C B4004_D >>> PERCENT VOTE IN DISTRICT - PARTY D B4004_E >>> PERCENT VOTE IN DISTRICT - PARTY E B4004_F >>> PERCENT VOTE IN DISTRICT - PARTY F B4005 >>> TURNOUT IN DISTRICT ))) CSES MODULE 2 MACRO-LEVEL VARIABLES I. DATA PERTINENT TO THE ELECTION FOR WHICH THE MODULE WAS ADMINISTERED B5001_A >>> PERCENT VOTE - LOWER HOUSE - PARTY A B5001_B >>> PERCENT VOTE - LOWER HOUSE - PARTY B B5001_C >>> PERCENT VOTE - LOWER HOUSE - PARTY C B5001_D >>> PERCENT VOTE - LOWER HOUSE - PARTY D B5001_E >>> PERCENT VOTE - LOWER HOUSE - PARTY E B5001_F >>> PERCENT VOTE - LOWER HOUSE - PARTY F B5001_G >>> PERCENT VOTE - LOWER HOUSE - PARTY G B5001_H >>> PERCENT VOTE - LOWER HOUSE - PARTY H B5001_I >>> PERCENT VOTE - LOWER HOUSE - PARTY I B5002_A >>> PERCENT SEATS - LOWER HOUSE - PARTY A B5002_B >>> PERCENT SEATS - LOWER HOUSE - PARTY B B5002_C >>> PERCENT SEATS - LOWER HOUSE - PARTY C B5002_D >>> PERCENT SEATS - LOWER HOUSE - PARTY D B5002_E >>> PERCENT SEATS - LOWER HOUSE - PARTY E B5002_F >>> PERCENT SEATS - LOWER HOUSE - PARTY F B5002_G >>> PERCENT SEATS - LOWER HOUSE - PARTY G B5002_H >>> PERCENT SEATS - LOWER HOUSE - PARTY H B5002_I >>> PERCENT SEATS - LOWER HOUSE - PARTY I B5003_A >>> PERCENT VOTE - UPPER HOUSE - PARTY A B5003_B >>> PERCENT VOTE - UPPER HOUSE - PARTY B B5003_C >>> PERCENT VOTE - UPPER HOUSE - PARTY C B5003_D >>> PERCENT VOTE - UPPER HOUSE - PARTY D B5003_E >>> PERCENT VOTE - UPPER HOUSE - PARTY E B5003_F >>> PERCENT VOTE - UPPER HOUSE - PARTY F B5003_G >>> PERCENT VOTE - UPPER HOUSE - PARTY G B5003_H >>> PERCENT VOTE - UPPER HOUSE - PARTY H B5003_I >>> PERCENT VOTE - UPPER HOUSE - PARTY I B5004_A >>> PERCENT SEATS - UPPER HOUSE - PARTY A B5004_B >>> PERCENT SEATS - UPPER HOUSE - PARTY B B5004_C >>> PERCENT SEATS - UPPER HOUSE - PARTY C B5004_D >>> PERCENT SEATS - UPPER HOUSE - PARTY D B5004_E >>> PERCENT SEATS - UPPER HOUSE - PARTY E B5004_F >>> PERCENT SEATS - UPPER HOUSE - PARTY F B5004_G >>> PERCENT SEATS - UPPER HOUSE - PARTY G B5004_H >>> PERCENT SEATS - UPPER HOUSE - PARTY H B5004_I >>> PERCENT SEATS - UPPER HOUSE - PARTY I B5005_A >>> PERCENT VOTE - PRESIDENT - PARTY A B5005_B >>> PERCENT VOTE - PRESIDENT - PARTY B B5005_C >>> PERCENT VOTE - PRESIDENT - PARTY C B5005_D >>> PERCENT VOTE - PRESIDENT - PARTY D B5005_E >>> PERCENT VOTE - PRESIDENT - PARTY E B5005_F >>> PERCENT VOTE - PRESIDENT - PARTY F B5005_G >>> PERCENT VOTE - PRESIDENT - PARTY G B5005_H >>> PERCENT VOTE - PRESIDENT - PARTY H B5005_I >>> PERCENT VOTE - PRESIDENT - PARTY I B5006 >>> ELECTORAL TURNOUT B5007_A >>> NUMBER OF PORTFOLIOS BEFORE - PARTY A B5007_B >>> NUMBER OF PORTFOLIOS BEFORE - PARTY B B5007_C >>> NUMBER OF PORTFOLIOS BEFORE - PARTY C B5007_D >>> NUMBER OF PORTFOLIOS BEFORE - PARTY D B5007_E >>> NUMBER OF PORTFOLIOS BEFORE - PARTY E B5007_F >>> NUMBER OF PORTFOLIOS BEFORE - PARTY F B5007_G >>> NUMBER OF PORTFOLIOS BEFORE - PARTY G B5007_H >>> NUMBER OF PORTFOLIOS BEFORE - PARTY H B5007_I >>> NUMBER OF PORTFOLIOS BEFORE - PARTY I B5008 >>> SIZE OF THE CABINET BEFORE B5009_A >>> NUMBER OF PORTFOLIOS AFTER - PARTY A B5009_B >>> NUMBER OF PORTFOLIOS AFTER - PARTY B B5009_C >>> NUMBER OF PORTFOLIOS AFTER - PARTY C B5009_D >>> NUMBER OF PORTFOLIOS AFTER - PARTY D B5009_E >>> NUMBER OF PORTFOLIOS AFTER - PARTY E B5009_F >>> NUMBER OF PORTFOLIOS AFTER - PARTY F B5009_G >>> NUMBER OF PORTFOLIOS AFTER - PARTY G B5009_H >>> NUMBER OF PORTFOLIOS AFTER - PARTY H B5009_I >>> NUMBER OF PORTFOLIOS AFTER - PARTY I B5010 >>> SIZE OF THE CABINET AFTER B5011_A >>> YEAR FOUNDED - PARTY A B5011_B >>> YEAR FOUNDED - PARTY B B5011_C >>> YEAR FOUNDED - PARTY C B5011_D >>> YEAR FOUNDED - PARTY D B5011_E >>> YEAR FOUNDED - PARTY E B5011_F >>> YEAR FOUNDED - PARTY F B5011_G >>> YEAR FOUNDED - PARTY G B5011_H >>> YEAR FOUNDED - PARTY H B5011_I >>> YEAR FOUNDED - PARTY I B5012_A >>> IDEOLOGICAL FAMILY - PARTY A B5012_B >>> IDEOLOGICAL FAMILY - PARTY B B5012_C >>> IDEOLOGICAL FAMILY - PARTY C B5012_D >>> IDEOLOGICAL FAMILY - PARTY D B5012_E >>> IDEOLOGICAL FAMILY - PARTY E B5012_F >>> IDEOLOGICAL FAMILY - PARTY F B5012_G >>> IDEOLOGICAL FAMILY - PARTY G B5012_H >>> IDEOLOGICAL FAMILY - PARTY H B5012_I >>> IDEOLOGICAL FAMILY - PARTY I B5013_A >>> EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT POLITICAL GROUP - PARTY A B5013_B >>> EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT POLITICAL GROUP - PARTY B B5013_C >>> EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT POLITICAL GROUP - PARTY C B5013_D >>> EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT POLITICAL GROUP - PARTY D B5013_E >>> EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT POLITICAL GROUP - PARTY E B5013_F >>> EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT POLITICAL GROUP - PARTY F B5013_G >>> EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT POLITICAL GROUP - PARTY G B5013_H >>> EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT POLITICAL GROUP - PARTY H B5013_I >>> EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT POLITICAL GROUP - PARTY I B5014_A >>> INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION - PARTY A B5014_B >>> INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION - PARTY B B5014_C >>> INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION - PARTY C B5014_D >>> INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION - PARTY D B5014_E >>> INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION - PARTY E B5014_F >>> INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION - PARTY F B5014_G >>> INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION - PARTY G B5014_H >>> INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION - PARTY H B5014_I >>> INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION - PARTY I B5015 >>> SIGNIFICANT PARTIES NOT REPRESENTED IN PARLIAMENT BEFORE THE ELECTION B5016 >>> SIGNIFICANT PARTIES NOT REPRESENTED IN PARLIAMENT AFTER THE ELECTION B5017 >>> OTHER NON-REPRESENTED SIGNIFICANT PARTIES/INDEPENDENT ACTORS B5018_A >>> LEFT-RIGHT - PARTY A B5018_B >>> LEFT-RIGHT - PARTY B B5018_C >>> LEFT-RIGHT - PARTY C B5018_D >>> LEFT-RIGHT - PARTY D B5018_E >>> LEFT-RIGHT - PARTY E B5018_F >>> LEFT-RIGHT - PARTY F B5018_G >>> LEFT-RIGHT - PARTY G B5018_H >>> LEFT-RIGHT - PARTY H B5018_I >>> LEFT-RIGHT - PARTY I B5019 >>> CONSENSUS ON THE LEFT/RIGHT PLACEMENTS B5020 >>> ALTERNATIVE DIMENSION B5020_A >>> ALTERNATIVE DIMENSION - PARTY A B5020_B >>> ALTERNATIVE DIMENSION - PARTY B B5020_C >>> ALTERNATIVE DIMENSION - PARTY C B5020_D >>> ALTERNATIVE DIMENSION - PARTY D B5020_E >>> ALTERNATIVE DIMENSION - PARTY E B5020_F >>> ALTERNATIVE DIMENSION - PARTY F B5020_G >>> ALTERNATIVE DIMENSION - PARTY G B5020_H >>> ALTERNATIVE DIMENSION - PARTY H B5020_I >>> ALTERNATIVE DIMENSION - PARTY I B5021 >>> CONSENSUS ON THE ALTERNATIVE DIMENSION PLACEMENTS B5022_1 >>> MOST SALIENT FACTORS IN ELECTION - 1ST B5022_2 >>> MOST SALIENT FACTORS IN ELECTION - 2ND B5022_3 >>> MOST SALIENT FACTORS IN ELECTION - 3RD B5022_4 >>> MOST SALIENT FACTORS IN ELECTION - 4TH B5022_5 >>> MOST SALIENT FACTORS IN ELECTION - 5TH B5023 >>> CONSENSUS ABOUT SALIENCE RANKING B5024 >>> ELECTORAL ALLIANCES PERMITTED IN ELECTION B5025 >>> DID ANY ELECTORAL ALLIANCES FORM? II. DATA ON ELECTORAL INSTITUTIONS B5030 >>> NUMBER OF ELECTED LEGISLATIVE CHAMBERS B5031_1 >>> ELECTORAL SEGMENTS - LOWER HOUSE B5031_2 >>> ELECTORAL SEGMENTS - UPPER HOUSE B5032_1 >>> PRIMARY DISTRICTS - LOWER - 1ST SEGMENT B5032_2 >>> PRIMARY DISTRICTS - LOWER - 2ND SEGMENT B5032_3 >>> PRIMARY DISTRICTS - UPPER - 1ST SEGMENT B5032_4 >>> PRIMARY DISTRICTS - UPPER - 2ND SEGMENT B5033_1 >>> NUMBER OF SEATS - LOWER - 1ST SEGMENT B5033_2 >>> NUMBER OF SEATS - LOWER - 2ND SEGMENT B5033_3 >>> NUMBER OF SEATS - UPPER - 1ST SEGMENT B5033_4 >>> NUMBER OF SEATS - UPPER - 2ND SEGMENT B5034_1 >>> DISTRICT MAGNITUDE - LOWER - 1ST SEGMENT B5034_2 >>> DISTRICT MAGNITUDE - LOWER - 2ND SEGMENT B5034_3 >>> DISTRICT MAGNITUDE - UPPER - 1ST SEGMENT B5034_4 >>> DISTRICT MAGNITUDE - UPPER - 2ND SEGMENT B5035_1 >>> SECONDARY DISTRICTS - LOWER - 1ST SEGMENT B5035_2 >>> SECONDARY DISTRICTS - LOWER - 2ND SEGMENT B5035_3 >>> SECONDARY DISTRICTS - UPPER - 1ST SEGMENT B5035_4 >>> SECONDARY DISTRICTS - UPPER - 2ND SEGMENT B5036_1 >>> TERTIARY DISTRICTS - LOWER - 1ST SEGMENT B5036_2 >>> TERTIARY DISTRICTS - LOWER - 2ND SEGMENT B5036_3 >>> TERTIARY DISTRICTS - UPPER - 1ST SEGMENT B5036_4 >>> TERTIARY DISTRICTS - UPPER - 2ND SEGMENT B5037 >>> COMPULSORY VOTING B5038_1 >>> VOTES CAST - LOWER - 1ST SEGMENT B5038_2 >>> VOTES CAST - LOWER - 2ND SEGMENT B5038_3 >>> VOTES CAST - UPPER - 1ST SEGMENT B5038_4 >>> VOTES CAST - UPPER - 2ND SEGMENT B5039_1 >>> VOTING PROCEDURE - LOWER - 1ST SEGMENT B5039_2 >>> VOTING PROCEDURE - LOWER - 2ND SEGMENT B5039_3 >>> VOTING PROCEDURE - UPPER - 1ST SEGMENT B5039_4 >>> VOTING PROCEDURE - UPPER - 2ND SEGMENT B5040 >>> TRANSFERABLE VOTES B5041 >>> CUMULATED VOTES - IF MORE THAN ONE CAN BE CAST B5042_1 >>> PARTY THRESHOLD - LOWER - 1ST SEGMENT B5042_2 >>> PARTY THRESHOLD - LOWER - 2ND SEGMENT B5042_3 >>> PARTY THRESHOLD - UPPER - 1ST SEGMENT B5042_4 >>> PARTY THRESHOLD - UPPER - 2ND SEGMENT B5043_1 >>> ELECTORAL FORMULA - LOWER - 1ST SEGMENT B5043_2 >>> ELECTORAL FORMULA - LOWER - 2ND SEGMENT B5043_3 >>> ELECTORAL FORMULA - UPPER - 1ST SEGMENT B5043_4 >>> ELECTORAL FORMULA - UPPER - 2ND SEGMENT B5044 >>> PARTY LISTS - CLOSED, OPEN, OR FLEXIBLE B5045 >>> CAN PARTIES RUN JOINT LISTS B5046 >>> THE POSSIBILITY OF APPARENTEMENT B5047 >>> MULTI-PARTY ENDORSEMENTS B5048 >>> ALLY PARTY SUPPORT B5049 >>> REQUIREMENTS FOR JOINT PARTY LISTS B5050 >>> TYPES OF APPARENTEMENT AGREEMENTS B5051 >>> MULTI-PARTY ENDORSEMENTS ON BALLOT III. DATA ON REGIME TYPE B5052 >>> HEAD OF STATE B5053 >>> HEAD OF STATE - SELECTION B5054 >>> HEAD OF STATE - PROCESS IF DIRECT ELECTION B5055 >>> HEAD OF STATE - 1ST ROUND VICTORY B5056 >>> HEAD OF STATE - ADVANCE TO 2ND ROUND B5057 >>> HEAD OF STATE - 2ND ROUND VICTORY B5058_1 >>> YEAR OF PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION - BEFORE B5058_2 >>> YEAR OF PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION - AFTER B5059 >>> PROCESS IF INDIRECT ELECTION B5060 >>> ELECTORAL COLLEGE - SELECTION OF ELECTORS B5061 >>> ELECTORAL COLLEGE - DELIBERATES B5062 >>> ELECTORAL COLLEGE - VOTING PROCEDURE B5063 >>> IF BY LEGISLATURE - WHAT CHAMBER(S) B5064 >>> IF BY LEGISLATURE - VOTING PROCEDURE B5065 >>> HEAD OF STATE - INTRODUCE LEGISLATION B5066 >>> HEAD OF STATE - EXPEDITED ACTION B5067 >>> HEAD OF STATE - PACKAGE VETO B5068 >>> HEAD OF STATE - PARTIAL VETO B5069 >>> HEAD OF STATE - LEGISLATE BY DECREE B5070 >>> HEAD OF STATE - EMERGENCY POWERS B5071 >>> HEAD OF STATE - NEGOTIATE AGREEMENTS B5072 >>> HEAD OF STATE - COMMANDER OF FORCES B5073 >>> HEAD OF STATE - INTRODUCE REFERENDA B5074 >>> HEAD OF STATE - REFER LEGISLATION TO JUDICIARY B5075 >>> HEAD OF STATE - LEGISLATIVE SESSIONS B5080 >>> HEAD OF GOVERNMENT B5081 >>> HEAD OF GOVERNMENT - ELECTED INDEPENDENTLY B5082 >>> HEAD OF GOVERNMENT - IS THE HEAD OF STATE B5083 >>> HEAD OF GOVERNMENT - SELECTION METHOD (IF NOT INDEPENDENT OF LEGISLATURE) B5084_1 >>> HEAD OF GOVERNMENT - CABINET - NAME MINISTERS B5084_2 >>> HEAD OF GOVERNMENT - CABINET - NOMINATE MINISTERS B5084_3 >>> HEAD OF GOVERNMENT - CABINET - REVIEW MINISTERIAL NOMINATIONS B5084_4 >>> HEAD OF GOVERNMENT - CABINET - DISMISS MINISTERS B5084_5 >>> HEAD OF GOVERNMENT - CABINET - OTHER B5085_1 >>> HEAD OF GOVERNMENT - POLICY - CHAIR CABINET MEETINGS B5085_2 >>> HEAD OF GOVERNMENT - POLICY - LEGISLATURE SCHEDULES B5085_3 >>> HEAD OF GOVERNMENT - POLICY - POLICY ALTERNATIVES B5085_4 >>> HEAD OF GOVERNMENT - POLICY - REFERS POLICY TO COMMITTEE B5085_5 >>> HEAD OF GOVERNMENT - POLICY - VOTES OF CONFIDENCE B5085_6 >>> HEAD OF GOVERNMENT - POLICY - OTHER B5086_1 >>> CABINET DISMISSAL - HEAD OF STATE EXPANDED B5086_2 >>> CABINET DISMISSAL - HEAD OF GOVERNMENT B5086_3 >>> CABINET DISMISSAL - MAJORITY OF LEGISLATURE B5086_4 >>> CABINET DISMISSAL - PLURALITY OF LEGISLATURE B5086_5 >>> CABINET DISMISSAL - COMBINATION B5086_6 >>> CABINET DISMISSAL - OTHER B5087 >>> DISSOLUTION OF LEGISLATURE B5087_1 >>> DISSOLUTION OF LEGISLATURE - HEAD OF STATE B5087_2 >>> DISSOLUTION OF LEGISLATURE - HEAD OF GOVERNMENT B5087_3 >>> DISSOLUTION OF LEGISLATURE - MAJORITY OF LEGISLATURE B5087_4 >>> DISSOLUTION OF LEGISLATURE - COMBINATION B5087_5 >>> DISSOLUTION OF LEGISLATURE - OTHER B5088 >>> RESTRICTIONS ON DISSOLVING LEGISLATURE B5088_1 >>> RESTRICTIONS ON DISSOLVING LEGISLATURE - TIMING B5088_2 >>> RESTRICTIONS ON DISSOLVING LEGISLATURE - INACTION B5088_3 >>> RESTRICTIONS ON DISSOLVING LEGISLATURE - OTHER B5089 >>> SECOND CHAMBER OF THE LEGISLATURE B5090 >>> IF THERE IS SECOND CHAMBER - METHOD OF ELECTION B5091 >>> IF THERE IS SECOND CHAMBER - COMPOSITION (IF INDIRECTLY ELECTED) B5092 >>> IF THERE IS SECOND CHAMBER - EXCLUSIVE LEGISLATIVE POWERS B5093 >>> IF THERE IS SECOND CHAMBER - POWER OVER THE CABINET B5094 >>> CONSTITUTIONAL FEDERAL STRUCTURE B5095 >>> CENTRAL POWER OVER PERIPHERY =========================================================================== ))) CSES MODULE 2 MICRO-LEVEL DATA: IDENTIFICATION, WEIGHT, AND STUDY ADMINISTRATION VARIABLES =========================================================================== --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B1001 >>> DATASET --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Dataset. .................................................................. CSES-MODULE-2. CSES Module 2 | NOTES: B1001 | | This variable reports the CSES module used in each election | study. CSES Module 2 was administered between the years 2001 | and 2006, inclusive. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B1002 >>> DATASET VERSION --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Dataset version. .................................................................. VER2007-JUN-27. Version of dataset: released on June 27, 2007. | NOTES: B1002 | | The version number corresponds to the date of the dataset's | release. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B1002_DOI>>> DIGITAL OBJECT IDENTIFIER --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Digital Object Identifier. .................................................................. doi:10.7804/cses.module2.2015-12-15. | NOTES: B1002_DOI | | This variable indicates the Digital Object Identifier (DOI) which | is registered for the dataset. CSES DOI registration is conducted | by the DA|RA registration agency for economic and social science | data. Each CSES dataset version (see variable B1002) has a | unique, persistent DOI. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B1003 >>> ID VARIABLE - ELECTION STUDY (NUMERIC POLITY) --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Election Study Identifier: Numeric Polity Code and Election Year .................................................................. 00802005. ALBANIA (2005) 03602004. AUSTRALIA (2004) 05602003. BELGIUM (2003) 07602002. BRAZIL (2002) 10002001. BULGARIA (2001) 12402004. CANADA (2004) 15202005. CHILE (2005) 20302002. CZECH REPUBLIC (2002) 20802001. DENMARK (2001) 24602003. FINLAND (2003) 25002002. FRANCE (2002) 27622002. GERMANY (2002 Mail-Back) 27612002. GERMANY (2002 Telephone) 82602005. GREAT BRITAIN (2005) 34402004. HONG KONG (2004) 34802002. HUNGARY (2002) 35202003. ICELAND (2003) 37202002. IRELAND (2002) 37602003. ISRAEL (2003) 38002006. ITALY (2006) 39202004. JAPAN (2004) 41702005. KYRGYZSTAN (2005) 48402003. MEXICO (2003) 52802002. NETHERLANDS (2002) 55402002. NEW ZEALAND (2002) 57802001. NORWAY (2001) 60402006. PERU (2006) 61602001. POLAND (2001) 60802004. PHILIPPINES (2004) 62002002. PORTUGAL (2002) 62002005. PORTUGAL (2005) 64202004. ROMANIA (2004) 64302004. RUSSIA (2004) 70502004. SLOVENIA (2004) 41002004. SOUTH KOREA (2004) 72402004. SPAIN (2004) 75202002. SWEDEN (2002) 75602003. SWITZERLAND (2003) 15802001. TAIWAN (2001) 15802004. TAIWAN (2004) 84002004. UNITED STATES (2004) | NOTES: B1003 | | This eight digit variable uniquely identifies an election study | within the CSES. | | The variable is constructed from two components, variable | B1006 (CSES polity code) and B1008 (election year). | | The first three digits are the numeric version of the country | codes created by the United Nations Statistics Division | ("countries or areas, codes and abbreviations", revised | 13 February 2002). | | The fourth digit distinguishes between multiple studies | conducted within a single country, for the same election. | | The fifth through eighth digits correspond to the election year | as specified in variable B1008. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GERMANY (2002): B1003 | | Two studies from the German 2002 election have been deposited | with the CSES Secretariat. The election study identified above | as "2761" is the survey administered by telephone. The other | German 2002 election study, identified as "2762" is the study | administered as a mail-back questionnaire. | | Election study notes specific to one study or the other are | denoted by specifying survey mode ("Telephone" or "Mail-Back"). | If no survey mode is specified, the election study note applies | to both election studies. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B1004 >>> ID VARIABLE - ELECTION STUDY (ALPHABETIC POLITY) --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Election Study Identifier: Alphabetic Polity Code and Election Year. .................................................................. ALB_2005. ALBANIA (2005) AUS_2004. AUSTRALIA (2004) BEL_2003. BELGIUM (2003) BRA_2002. BRAZIL (2002) BGR_2001. BULGARIA (2001) CAN_2004. CANADA (2004) CHL_2005. CHILE (2005) CZE_2002. CZECH REPUBLIC (2002) DNK_2001. DENMARK (2001) FIN_2003. FINLAND (2003) FRA_2002. FRANCE (2002) DEU22002. GERMANY (2002 Mail-Back) DEU12002. GERMANY (2002 Telephone) GBR_2005. GREAT BRITAIN (2005) HKG_2004. HONG KONG (2004) HUN_2002. HUNGARY (2002) ISL_2003. ICELAND (2003) IRL_2002. IRELAND (2002) ISR_2003. ISRAEL (2003) ITA_2006. ITALY (2006) JPN_2004. JAPAN (2004) KOR_2004. SOUTH KOREA (2004) KGZ_2005. KYRGYZSTAN (2005) MEX_2003. MEXICO (2003) NLD_2002. NETHERLANDS (2002) NZL_2002. NEW ZEALAND (2002) NOR_2001. NORWAY (2001) PER_2006. PERU (2006) PHL_2004. PHILIPPINES (2004) POL_2001. POLAND (2001) PRT_2002. PORTUGAL (2002) PRT_2005. PORTUGAL (2005) ROU_2004. ROMANIA (2004) RUS_2004. RUSSIA (2004) SVN_2004. SLOVENIA (2004) ESP_2004. SPAIN (2004) SWE_2002. SWEDEN (2002) CHE_2003. SWITZERLAND (2003) TWN_2001. TAIWAN (2001) TWN_2004. TAIWAN (2004) USA_2004. UNITED STATES (2004) | NOTES: B1004 | | This eight-character variable uniquely identifies an election | study within the CSES. | | The variable is constructed from two components, variable | B1006 (CSES polity code) and B1008 (election year). | | The first three characters are the alphabetic country codes | 'alpha-3' created by the International Organization for | Standardization in their ISO 3166 Standard and shared by the | United Nations Statistics Division ("Countries or areas, codes | and abbreviations", revised 13 February 2002). | | If appropriate, the fourth character distinguishes between | multiple studies conducted within a single country, for the same | election. | | The fifth through eighth characters correspond to the election | year as specified in variable B1008. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GERMANY (2002): B1004 | | Two studies from the German 2002 election have been deposited | with the CSES Secretariat. The election study identified above | as "2761" is the survey administered by telephone. The other | German 2002 election study, identified as "2762" is the study | administered as a mail-back questionnaire. | | Election study notes specific to one study or the other are | denoted by specifying survey mode ("Telephone" or "Mail-Back"). | If no survey mode is specified, the election study note applies | to both election studies. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B1005 >>> ID VARIABLE - RESPONDENT --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Respondent Identifier. .................................................................. This variable is eighteen characters in length. It is unique across the data file. | NOTES: B1005 | | This eighteen-character variable uniquely identifies a | respondent within the CSES data file. | | The variable is constructed from three components, variable | B1006 (CSES polity code), B1008 (election year), and B1009 | (respondent within election study). | | The first three characters are the numeric version of the | country codes created by the United Nations Statistics Division | ("countries or areas, codes and abbreviations", revised | 13 February 2002). | | If appropriate, the fourth character distinguishes between | multiple studies conducted within a single country for the same | election. All other election studies in CSES Module 2 are coded | 0 here. | | The fifth through eighth characters correspond to the election | year as specified in variable B1008. | | The last ten characters are the respondent identifier from | B1009, which is unique within each election study. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B1006 >>> ID COMPONENT - POLITY CSES CODE --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Polity Identifier CSES Code. .................................................................. 0080. ALBANIA 0360. AUSTRALIA 0560. BELGIUM 0760. BRAZIL 1000. BULGARIA 1240. CANADA 1502. CHILE 2030. CZECH REPUBLIC 2080. DENMARK 2460. FINLAND 2500. FRANCE 2761. GERMANY 2762. GERMANY 8260. GREAT BRITAIN 3440. HONG KONG 3480. HUNGARY 3520. ICELAND 3720. IRELAND 3760. ISRAEL 3800. ITALY 3920. JAPAN 4170. KYRGYZSTAN 4840. MEXICO 5280. NETHERLANDS 5540. NEW ZEALAND 5780. NORWAY 6040. PERU 6080. PHILIPPINES 6160. POLAND 6200. PORTUGAL 6420. ROMANIA 6430. RUSSIA 7050. SLOVENIA 4100. SOUTH KOREA 7240. SPAIN 7520. SWEDEN 7560. SWITZERLAND 1580. TAIWAN 8400. UNITED STATES | NOTES: B1006 | | This four-character variable uniquely identifies a polity | conducting an election study that is present in CSES Module 2. | | The first three characters are the numeric version of the | country codes created by the United Nations Statistics Division | ("countries or areas, codes and abbreviations", revised | 13 February 2002). | | The fourth character distinguishes between multiple studies | conducted within a single country, for the same election. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GERMANY (2002): B1006 | | Two studies from the German 2002 election have been deposited | with the CSES Secretariat. The election study identified above | as "2761" is the survey administered by telephone. The other | German 2002 election study, identified as "2762" is the study | administered as a mail-back questionnaire. | | Election study notes specific to one study or the other are | denoted by specifying survey mode ("Telephone" or "Mail-Back"). | If no survey mode is specified, the election study note applies | to both election studies. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B1006_UN >>> ID COMPONENT - POLITY UN CODE --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Polity Identifier UN Country Code. .................................................................. 008. ALBANIA 036. AUSTRALIA 056. BELGIUM 076. BRAZIL 100. BULGARIA 124. CANADA 150. CHILE 203. CZECH REPUBLIC 208. DENMARK 246. FINLAND 250. FRANCE 276. GERMANY 826. GREAT BRITAIN 344. HONG KONG 348. HUNGARY 352. ICELAND 372. IRELAND 376. ISRAEL 380. ITALY 392. JAPAN 417. KYRGYZSTAN 484. MEXICO 528. NETHERLANDS 554. NEW ZEALAND 578. NORWAY 604. PERU 608. PHILIPPINES 616. POLAND 620. PORTUGAL 642. ROMANIA 643. RUSSIA 705. SLOVENIA 410. SOUTH KOREA 724. SPAIN 752. SWEDEN 756. SWITZERLAND 158. TAIWAN 840. UNITED STATES | NOTES: B1006_UN | | This three-character variable uniquely identifies a polity | conducting an election study that is present in CSES Module 2. | | It consists of the numeric version of the country codes created | by the United Nations Statistics Division ("Countries or areas, | codes and abbreviations", revised 13 February 2002). --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B1006_NAM>>> ID COMPONENT - POLITY NAME --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Polity Identifier Country Name. .................................................................. Albania Australia Belgium Brazil Bulgaria Canada Chile Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Great Britain Hong Kong Hungary Iceland Ireland Israel Italy Japan Kyrgyzstan Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Republic of Korea Romania Russian Federation Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Taiwan United States of America | NOTES: B1006_NAM | | This variable uniquely identifies a polity conducting an | election study that is present in CSES Module 2. | | It consists of country names based on those used by the United | Nations Statistics Division ("Countries or areas, codes and | abbreviations", revised 13 February 2002). However, in some | instances, country names deviate from those used by the United | Nations. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B1007 >>> ID COMPONENT - SAMPLE COMPONENT --------------------------------------------------------------------------- In some cases, analysts may wish to consider regions of countries or other sample components units of analysis, rather than the countries themselves. This variable identifies these sample components. Where these sample components do not exist this variable is coded 001. .................................................................. 001. [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 002. [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 999. MISSING | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BELGIUM (2003): B1007 | | Sample component here refers to the language of the | questionnaire. This variable is entered by interviewers, and is | important because questionnaires differ most notably in their | inclusion of different sets of political parties. Election study | notes for variables in the B3037 series include information | about which of the two questionnaire versions a particular party | was included. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BRAZIL (2002): B1007 | | This variable reports questionnaire version. The Brazilian | survey used two versions of the questionnaire. The difference is | in the order of several sets of items, and in direction of some | scales (see the corresponding file in the download area of the | CSES web site). | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 001. Questionnaire version 1 | 002. Questionnaire version 2 | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GERMANY (2002 Mail-Back): B1007 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 001. East Germany (includes East Berlin) | 002. West Germany (includes West Berlin) | 999. Missing | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GERMANY (2002 Telephone): B1007 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 001. East Germany (includes East Berlin) | 002. West Germany (includes West Berlin) --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B1008 >>> ID COMPONENT - ELECTION YEAR --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Election year. .................................................................. 2001-2006. ELECTION YEAR --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B1009 >>> ID COMPONENT - RESPONDENT WITHIN ELECTION STUDY --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Respondent identifier. .................................................................. This variable is ten characters in length. It is unique for each survey respondent within an election. | NOTES: B1009 | | While this variable uniquely identifies a respondent within | an election study, it is not unique across the entire dataset. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - DENMARK (2001): B1009 | | The deposited data file did not contain an identification | variable for respondents. The variable was created here | using variables from the originally deposited file and this | algorithm: | | Recode q5a.v1a d14.v271 d14.v272 d20.v257 (sysmis=12). | Compute ID = trunc ((sum (q1a.v224 to d30.v262)) * 100 * | (d1.v254 * q5a.v1a + d14.v271) /(d20.v257 * d14.v272 )). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - KYRGYZSTAN (2005): B1009 | | The deposited data file did not contain an identification | variable for respondents. So instead, CSES created one. | | Please note that there are two pairs of respondents with | identical values on all variables except the ID variable. Those | are cases with the following ID numbers: | | B1009= 0000000161 and 0000000162 | B1009= 0000001461 and 0000001468 | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - POLAND (2001): B1009 | | There was one duplicate respondent identifier in the original | deposit. The following recode was employed to ensure that each | respondent identifier was unique within the election study: | | If B1009=1628 and B2001=40 B1009=1653. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PORTUGAL (2005): B1009 | | In the deposited data file, there was a duplicate respondent ID. | The second case coded, "1891" was recoded in the following | manner: | | if B1009=1891 and B2001=47 B1009 = 2987 | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ROMANIA (2004): B1009 | | There were 6 duplicate respondent identifiers in the original | deposit. The following recode was employed to ensure that each | respondent identifier was unique within the election study (SPSS | syntax): | | If b1009=176 and b2001=33 b1009=175. | If b1009=678 and b2001=54 b1009=681. | If b1009=679 and b2031=23 b1009=682. | If b1009=680 and b2001=33 b1009=683. | If b1009=831 and b2001=62 b1009=832. | If b1009=3379.5 b1009=4380. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - RUSSIA (2004): B1009 | | In the deposited data file, there was a duplicate respondent ID. | The second case coded "9" was recoded in the following manner: | | if B1009=9 and B2001=54 B1009 = 1503 | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - TAIWAN (2004): B1009 | | The deposited respondent identification variable was 14 | characters in length, which exceeded the maximum length of the | corresponding CSES variable. In order to construct a new, unique | respondent identifier which could then be traced back to the | original, the following code was applied (in SPSS syntax): | | String ida (A14). | Compute ida=String(id,F14.0). | Recode ida (convert) into old_id. | Compute x1=(sqrt(old_id) * 10000000000). | String x2 (A17) idno B1009 (A10). | Compute x2 = string (x1,F17.0). | Compute idno =substr(x2,8, 10). | Compute B1009=idno. | Execute. | | ...where id is the original ID variable. Note that this code | was applied to the original Taiwan respondent identifer. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B1010_1 >>> ORIGINAL WEIGHT: SAMPLE B1010_2 >>> ORIGINAL WEIGHT: DEMOGRAPHIC B1010_3 >>> ORIGINAL WEIGHT: POLITICAL --------------------------------------------------------------------------- | NOTES: B1010 | | These variables report the original ("raw") weights provided | with the respective deposited data files. | | Selected documentation from the election studies about their | weights is provided in the election study notes that accompany | these original weight variables (B1010). | | A. TYPES OF WEIGHTS AVAILABLE FOR USE | | Election studies are allowed to provide weights to CSES | in as many as three categories: | | 1. "Sample" weights include those intended to correct for | unequal selection probabilities resulting from "booster" | samples, oversampling of a particular population, procedures | for selection within the household, as well as other | features of the sample design. | | 2. "Demographic" weights adjust sample distributions of | socio-demographic characteristics to more closely resemble | the characteristics of the population. | | 3. "Political" weights reconcile discrepancies in the reported | electoral behavior of the survey respondents from the | official vote counts. | | Use of weights is at the discretion of the analyst based upon | the considerations of her/his individual research question. | We recommend that analysts familiarize themselves with the | weights, their components, and their methods of creation | before applying them. | | Analysts can choose to make use of this set of original weights | (B1010), make use of either set of derivative weights created by | CSES (B1012 or B1014), create their own weights, or supplement | the original weights. And of course, depending on the analysis, | analysts sometimes choose not to use weights at all. | | - The derivative "Polity Weight" (B1012) has been created so | that for each weight (sample, demographic, political), each | respondent within the election study has a mean weight of "1". | If you are running a frequency, for instance, this weight | will work so that the N in your frequency table comes out to | approximately the same as the number of interviews in the | study. This derivative weight is created by dividing the | individual weight for each respondent within an election | study by the mean for that weight for all respondents in that | election study. | | - The derivative "Dataset Weight" (B1014) has been created so | that each election study in the dataset will contribute | equally to analyses of respondents, regardless of the number | of interviews in each election study. | | B. ELECTION STUDIES WITH MORE THAN ONE WEIGHT | | Most election studies either provide a single weight in one | of the three categories (sample, demographic, political), or | they do not provide a weight at all. Twelve election studies, | however, provided weights for more than one category. | | Table: Summary of Election Study Weights, by Type of Weight. | | Sample Demographic Political No Weight | Weight Weight Weight Provided | | ALBANIA (2005) X | AUSTRALIA (2004) X | BELGIUM (2003) X X | BRAZIL (2002) X X | BULGARIA (2001) X | CANADA (2004) X | CHILE (2005) X | CZECH REPUBLIC (2002) X | DENMARK (2001) X | FINLAND (2003) X | FRANCE (2002) X | GERMANY (2002 Mail-Back) X X | GERMANY (2002 Telephone) X X | GREAT BRITAIN (2005) X X | HONG KONG (2004) X | HUNGARY (2002) X | ICELAND (2003) X | IRELAND (2002) X X | ISRAEL (2003) X | ITALY (2006) X | JAPAN (2004) X | KYRGYZSTAN (2005) X | MEXICO (2003) X X X | NETHERLANDS (2002) X X | NEW ZEALAND (2002) X X X | NORWAY (2001) X | PERU (2006) X X | PHILIPPINES (2004) X | POLAND (2001) X X | PORTUGAL (2002) X | PORTUGAL (2005) X X | ROMANIA (2004) X | RUSSIA (2004) X | SLOVENIA (2004) X | SOUTH KOREA (2004) X | SPAIN (2004) X | SWEDEN (2002) X | SWITZERLAND (2003) X | TAIWAN (2001) X | TAIWAN (2004) X | UNITED STATES (2004) X X | | Seven election studies have provided a single weight that | is a combination of two or more of the three weight categories | (sample, demographic, and political). For these election | studies, the weight is duplicated in the two or more appropriate | weight variables. Thus, analysts attempting to use two or more | categories of the weights simultaneously will need to account | for this duplication. There are duplicate weights in the CSES | Module 2 Full Release for these seven studies: | | ... Brazil (2002): sample, demographic | ... Germany (2002 Mail-Back): sample, demographic | ... Germany (2002 Telephone): sample, demographic | ... Great Britain (2005): sample, demographic | ... Ireland (2002): sample, demographic | ... Poland (2001): sample, demographic | ... United States (2004): sample, demographic | | There were also five election studies that provided separate | weights in two or more categories (sample, demographic, | political): | | ... Belgium (2003): demographic, political | ... Mexico (2003): sample, demographic, political | ... Netherlands (2002): demographic, political | ... New Zealand (2002): sample, demographic, political | ... Peru (2006): demographic, political | ... Portugal (2005): demographic, political | | Sometimes weights build on each other. For example, a | demographic weight might take an existing sample weight and | supplement it with additional demographic corrections. Because | CSES does not create the original weight variables (rather, the | variables are provided by collaborators), we do not know | firsthand if the multiple weights for an election study are | independent, or if they build on each other. In the absence of | documentation from the collaborator, one piece of evidence that | can be used to guess at this is to look at the correlations | between the different weights. The correlations for the seven | aforementioned election studies are as follows: | | ... 0.8544: New Zealand (2002): demographic-political | ... 0.6827: New Zealand (2002): sample-demographic | ... 0.5600: New Zealand (2002): sample-political | ... 0.5575: Belgium (2003): demographic-political | ... 0.3137: Netherlands (2002): demographic-political | ... 0.1351: Mexico (2003): sample-political | ... -0.0157: Portugal (2005): demographic-political | ... -0.0091: Mexico (2003): sample-demographic | ... -0.0051: Mexico (2003): demographic-political | ... -0.0011: Peru (2006): demographic-political | | Pairs of weights with higher correlations are perhaps more | likely to be a situation where one weight builds on another, | or at least they share some of the same types of corrections. | As confirmation of the value of this test, we see in the | election study note for the New Zealand (2002) weights that | the weights in New Zealand are cumulative, which is hinted | at by the high correlations for New Zealand in the above list. | We also know from the Belgium (2003) election study note that | their political weight takes into account demographic | corrections as well. This is confirmed by the relatively high | correlation (0.5575) of the Belgian demographic and political | weights in the table above. | | C. OVERSAMPLES | | Analysts can use the election study notes for the weight | variables to identify design issues such as oversamples, which | are usually accounted for in the development of sample weights. | For example, we know from the election study weights that the | designs for these four studies intentionally oversample: | | ... Canada (2004) oversamples the eight smaller provinces. | ... Germany (2002 Telephone) and Germany (2002 Mail-Back) | both oversample the East German population. | ... New Zealand (2002) oversamples the Maori population. | | Typically a sample weight makes corrections to account for | any oversample and makes the election study representative | again of the general population. For countries with oversamples | that provide multiple weights (sample, demographic, political) | some hope to see that the demographic and political weights | are cumulative, carrying forward any oversample corrections | from the sample weight. In CSES Module 2, this seems to be the | case. Of the four aforementioned election studies, only the | Germany (2002 Telephone) and New Zealand election studies | provided multiple weights. We know that the New Zealand weights | (sample, demographic and political) are cumulative because | this is mentioned in the election study notes. This is | also supported by the high correlations between the New Zealand | weight variables. Both election studies from Germany provided a | single weight each that makes both sample and demographic | corrections, including an adjustment for the oversample of the | East German population. | | D. OTHER NOTES ABOUT THE WEIGHTS | | Analysts will want to keep in mind that the CSES weights are | prepared to be election study weights, not country weights. | To convert the weights to country weights requires an | adjustment for those countries for which one or more polities | or election studies appear in the dataset. | | Where a weight of a particular type is not available, these | variables are coded "1" for each respondent. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BELGIUM (2003): B1010-B1014 | | The demographic weight is based on the joint distribution of | region, age, gender, and education for the Belgian sample. The | political weight contains weighting coefficients for joint | distribution of region, age, gender, education and vote in the | 2003 General Elections for the Belgian sample. Since the sample | was drawn in such a way that every person had the same chance of | being selected, there is no need to compensate for differential | probability of selection, hence a sample weight is not provided. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BRAZIL (2002): B1010_1 and B1010_2 | | One original weight variable was submitted with the Brazilian | data file. It compensates for both disproportional sampling | in São Paulo, and the demographic profile of the population | of the country. Hence, this weight variable is included as | both B1010_1 (sample weight) and B1010_2 (demographic weight). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BULGARIA (2001): B1010-B1014 | | The weights adjust the sample to data provided by the National | Statistical Institute by gender, age, ethnicity, type of | residence (e.g. capital city vs. city vs. town vs. village). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CANADA (2004): B1010_1 | | This weight represents the original National Weight, constructed | as the product of the household weight and the provincial weight | and should be used with the National Sample when national | estimates are required. The household weight compensates for the | higher probability of households with smaller number of adults | to be included in the sample. Provincial weight compensates for | over representation of the eight smaller provinces and a | corresponding under representation reduction in Ontario and | Quebec. The weights are prepared for the entire Canadian | Election Study sample, i.e., not separately for the | post-election and mail-back data sets. The re-interview rates | are reasonably high and sample attrition between the surveys was | not associated with household size or province. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CHILE (2005): B1010_2 | | One original weight variable was submitted with the Chilean | data file. It is designed to match the distribution of sex and | education in the population and the results of the first round | of the presidential election. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - FRANCE (2002): B1010_2 | | There is one demographic weight designed to match the population | distribution of educational level and employment type (work in | public or private sector). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GERMANY (2002 Mail-Back): B1010-1014 | | A single weight is provided which makes both sample and | demographic corrections (it has been duplicated under the | sample weight and the demographic weight). The weight corrects | for oversampling of the East German population and also includes | demographic corrections for gender, age groups, and education. | This weight MUST be used if Germany is analyzed as a whole. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GERMANY (2002 Telephone): B1010-B1014 | | A single weight is provided which makes both sample and | demographic corrections (it has been duplicated under the | sample weight and the demographic weight). The weight corrects | for oversampling of the East German population and includes also | demographic corrections for gender, age groups, and education. | This weight MUST be used if Germany is analyzed as a whole. It | weights the demographics according to population weight, | resulting in 410 Easterners and 1590 Westerners. | | Analysts may notice that the ratio of the maximum weight | (7.3100) to the minimum weight (0.0100) for the Germany (2002 | Telephone) study is quite large relative to other election | studies in the CSES dataset. The CSES Secretariat has confirmed | with the collaborators that this is intentional. Likewise, | analysis by the CSES Secretariat indicates that this is probably | ok. The weight is fairly evenly distributed over the range | 0.0100 to 7.3100. When we look with and without the weight | at the Germany (2002 Telephone) distributions for gender, age, | turnout in the current election, whether close to a party, and | political knowledge, the distributions change, but not | significantly. The weight changes education some, but not a | lot. | | While it does not appear in the CSES dataset, the collaborators | have available a weight that corrects for gender, age groups, | and education for East and West Germany separately. It weights | the demographics within each part (West and East) so that one | ends up with two "country" samples of roughly 1000. This weight | can be used if analysts wish to treat Germany as two | "countries". To obtain this weight, please contact the Germany | (2002 Telephone) study collaborators directly. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GREAT BRITAIN (2005): B1010_1-B1010_2 | | The original sample weight adjusts for a) unequal selection | probability of respondents, b) non-response rates and c) | demographic features (gender, age and region). Selection weights | are equal to the inverse of the DU (dwelling units) and | respondent selection probabilities. The DU selection weight is | equivalent to the number of DUs at the selected address, for the | majority of cases this is equal to 1. The person weight is | equivalent to the number of eligible adults in the household. | The non-response weight is calculated as the inverse of the | predicted probabilities from a logistic regression model | estimated to predict whether or not the selected individual | responded. The last stage of the weighting process was to adjust | the final non-response weights so the weighted sample matches | the population in terms of age (population 18 years or older), | sex and region. The BSA data was weighted to adjust the marginal | age/sex and GOR distributions using raking-ratio (or rim) | weighting and using the 2004 mid-year, population estimates from | ONS/GROS. In each step, to correct for high and low weights, a | small number of extreme values were trimmed. Weight factor was | estimated considering the total sample of 4.268 individuals, | from which CSES is a random sub-sample (with 860 respondents). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HUNGARY (2002): B1010-B1014 | | The Hungary 2002 demographic weight variable sets the size of | forty groups defined in terms of sex, age, place of residence | (urban vs. rural) and education equal in the sample to the joint | distribution of these four variables in the population estimates | provided by the Central Statistical Office for January 2001. | | The weight variable supplied with the Hungarian micro-data was | created using the following information: the number of cases in | the cells of two-way cross-tables of sex, a seven-category age | variable, a three-category education variable and an urban/rural | residence dummy variable in the 18+ year old Hungarian citizen | population as estimated by the Central Statistical Office (KSH) | of the Hungarian government for January 1, 2001; and the | respective frequencies from the Hungarian micro-data for the | CSES study. | | First, 40 demographic groups were defined by collapsing some of | the cells in a four-way cross-table of the above-mentioned | variables. The value of the weight variable deposited with the | CSES micro-data was calculated for all respondents as the ratio | between expected and observed relative size of their demographic | group. The expected size of each demographic group was | determined through an iterative algorithm that set marginal | constraints on the size of some more highly aggregated groups | given the information available from the available | KSH-estimates. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - IRELAND (2002): B1010-B1014 | | The weight is constructed using a minimum information loss | routine with marginal constraints based on age, gender, | Principal Economic Status, region, marital status, level of | educational attainment, and household size (the number of | persons aged 18 years and older). | | Because the PSUs were selected from the Electoral Register | larger households had a disproportionately higher probability of | selection than smaller households. This was addressed in the | re-weighting scheme by including a dimension on household size | (number of persons aged 18 years and over). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ITALY (2006): B1010_2 | | The demographic weight adjusts the sample distribution based on | gender, level of education and geopolitical Cattaneo areas. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - JAPAN (2004): B1010_1 | | The original sample was selected with EPSEM design; therefore no | sample weights were created. However due to the disproportionate | attrition by PSU, the entry of a new sample in the latter wave | resulted in a non-EPSEM sample. Therefore, this difference in | selection probability is reflected as a sampling weight. It was | not attempted to match sample demographics with known population | estimates of the universe for the following reasons: (1) Often, | during the years between each census (e.g., 5 years), the | estimates from the population registry are used as the estimates | of the universe (this survey used both the population registry | and the voting registry as the sample frame). Therefore, the | sample frame used in this study is comparable to the population | frame; (2) Only a few studies examining coverage error of the | voting registry and population registry were conducted and they | were done in the 1970s, at which point, the coverage error was | minor. No other studies have been conducted since. Response | weights were made by means of propensity weighing adjustment, | using the information gathered in previous waves of the survey. | As there are multiple waves of surveys in the JESIII, the | dataset was first re-constructed into one record per wave format | (like that of survival data) and logistic model proved fit, | using response to each wave as a dependent variable and using | various measurements from previous waves as predictors. As a | result, the weighting did not try to correct/match distribution | of the sample to the known universe (i.e., census); rather, they | referred to the distribution of variables in previous waves. The | variables included in the propensity mode were: gender, age | group (in categories), college education as a dummy variable, | income as categorical variable, home ownership as a dummy | variable, employment status as a dummy variable, and summary | statistics of "don't know" responses. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - MEXICO (2003): B1010-B1014 | | Sampling units were selected with unequal probabilities. Weights | are estimated and used to correct for these unequal | probabilities. Poststratification weights were estimated to | correct for non-response and to match known demographic | characteristics of the population (gender and age, based on | census data from 2000). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NETHERLANDS (2002): B1010_2 | | The demographic multiplicative weight includes the | characteristics sex, age, marital status, size of household, | region of residence, and degree of urbanization. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NETHERLANDS (2002): B1010_3 | | The political multiplicative weight includes voting behavior | as an additional population characteristic. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NEW ZEALAND (2002): B1010-B1014 | | The sample weight corrects for oversampling of the Maori | population. | | The demographic weight incorporates the sample correction, and | adjusts for the gender and age distributions of the respondents. | | The political weight incorporates the sample and demographic | weights, and adjusts the distribution of votes cast and | non-voting. | | Note: these weights are cumulative. | | Analysts may notice that the ratio of the maximum demographic | weight (5.5111) to the minimum demographic weight (0.0278) for | the New Zealand (2002) study is quite large relative to other | election studies in the CSES dataset. The CSES Secretariat has | confirmed with the collaborators that this is intentional. | Likewise, analysis by the CSES Secretariat indicates that this | is probably ok. The demographic weight is fairly evenly | distributed over the range 0.0278 to 5.5111. When we look with | and without the weights at the New Zealand (2002) distributions | for gender, education, turnout in the current election, whether | close to a party, and political knowledge, the distributions | change, but not significantly. The weights change the age | distribution some, but not a lot. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PERU (2006): B1010_2-B1010_3 | | The demographic weight is calculated according to the proportion | of the population in the regions where the sample was taken. | They match the spatial distribution of the population among the | regions. Political weights are calculated according to the | official results of the first round of the presidential | election. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PHILIPPINES (2004): B1010_2 | | This weight adjusts for the estimated adult population size of | the major study areas (National Capital Region, Balance of | Luzon, Visayas, Mindanao areas). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - POLAND (2001): B1010-B1014 | | The obtained sample was not self-weighting and had demographic | distributions different from GUS data. Therefore the study | results were weighted by means of especially designed software, | which takes into account: differing selection probabilities, | related to the adopted sampling scheme (1 person per household | regardless of number of inhabitants); differential nonresponse | by urbanicity; and poststratification using GUS data for sex, | age, and urbanicity. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PORTUGAL (2002): B1010-B1014 | | There is one original weight variable that adjusts for the | electoral results (i.e., only to be used with variable B3006_1). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PORTUGAL (2005): B1010_2 | | The demographic weight was constructed on the basis of Census | 2001 information about distribution of 18+ years of age | residents in Continental Portugal on the basis of sex (2 | strata), age (3 strata), and education (3 strata). | | The demographic weight was originally deposited with 215 cases | having missing data. In the CSES data file, these cases are | coded "0." These are cases for which at least one relevant | demographic variable was missing for the respondent. The | collaborator preferred to assign a weight of "0" to these cases | given that the demographic information was not complete for the | case. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PORTUGAL (2005): B1010_3 | | The political weight was constructed on the basis of the 2005 | election results in order to weigh the results of the vote | recall question. | | The political weight was originally deposited with 428 cases | having missing data. In the CSES data file, these cases are | coded "0." These are cases for which at least one relevant | political variable was missing for the respondent. The | collaborator preferred to assign a weight of "0" to these | cases given that the political information was not complete | for the case. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - RUSSIA (2004): B1010-B1014 | | The Russian team provided a sample weight which adjusts for | the use of the Kish procedure to select individuals within | each household. | | The issue is described in the Design Report for Russia (2004): | | "The Kish procedure selects one adult from all eligible of | eligible adults in each household. This means, for example, that | adults in a three-adult household have only one-third the | probability of selection of adults in a one-adult household. One | can adjust for this by using a weight based on the reciprocal of | the number of eligible adults." | | The Design Report also described the procedure used to create | the weight: | | "We have a variable for the number of adults who were eligible | to be interviewed in a household, from which one was chosen | using the Kish procedure. The variable is named ADULTS." | | "First, we made a preliminary run using SPSS in which we do not | use any weights. Runed frequencies for a variable for which | there is data for all respondents, like gender. This gave us | the total number of individual adult respondents (which of | course we already knew). The number of respondents (without | weighting) is 1648." | | "Next, we run the same frequencies using WEIGHT BY ADULTS. | This time, because of the weighting, the total number of | respondents on the frequencies output was 3395--which of course | was wrong. Weighting gave each respondent the proper relative | weight, but the total number of adults (the number of degrees | of freedom) would be too high. This would make the confidence | intervals seem smaller (more precise) than they should be." | | "Finally, we created a new permanent weight as follows:" | | "Final weight=(1648/3395)*ADULTS." | | "In other words," | | "Final weight=(number before weighting/number after preliminary | run)*(adults)" | | "This will shrink the total number of cases back to the correct | number, but still give each person the proper relative weight | within the sample." | | Tables comparing the demographic attributes of the sample in | the post-election parliamentary survey with those from the | 2002 census are available in the Design Report. Weights that | adjust for demographic deviations from the census results are | described in the Design Report, but were not provided to CSES, | and thus do not appear in the data. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SPAIN (2004): B1010_2 | | This weight variable adjusts for the distribution of sex and age | at the national level. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWITZERLAND (2003): B1010-B1014 | | "The sample weight corrects for differential attrition rate. The | CSES module was completed by all respondents from the telephone | sample willing to answer a supplementary self-administered | questionnaire. Due to time constraints, a substantial part of | CSES Module 2 could not be integrated into the telephone survey, | and was therefore conducted as a supplementary postal survey. | Percent total panel attrition: 31.8%. Seven groups of | respondents with significantly different probabilities to drop | out between telephone interview and supplementary postal survey | were identified using a segmentation algorithm (exhaustive chi | square automatic interaction detection; CHAID). Predictors were | respondents' age, gender, education and participation in the | elections. For those groups, inverse probability weights were | calculated: (Pr(dropout)/(1-Pr(dropout)*(N(postal)/ | N(telephone))." This variable is reported here. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - TAIWAN (2001): B1010-B1014 | | The Taiwan 2001 data file should be weighted by the factors of | gender, age, education level, and area (based on the level of | socio-economic development). While weighted frequencies were | provided with the election study data deposit, no such weight | variable is available. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - TAIWAN (2004): B1010_2 | | The demographic weight adjusts for gender, age, education level, | and area (based on the level of socio-economic development). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - UNITED STATES (2004): B1010-B1014 | | The 2004 American National Election Study (ANES) consisted of | pre-election interviews of 1,212 respondents, and post-election | reinterviews of 1,066 of those respondents. | | The weight provided for CSES Module 2 is the 2004 ANES | post-election weight. The 2004 ANES post-election weight builds | on the 2004 ANES pre-election weight, and accounts for attrition | since the pre-election study. | | Because the 2004 ANES post-election weight is both a sample | weight and a demographic weight, it is duplicated in the CSES | Module 2 weights under both the sample weight and the | demographic weight. | | The 2004 ANES codebook describes the pre-election weight as | follows: | | "This is a 6-digit variable with coded decimal point and | 4 actual decimal places. The 2004 NES weights are | post-stratified to 2004 CPS March Supplement proportions for | six (6) ages by four (4) education categories. The | post-stratification adjustment is computed by dividing the CPS | weighted total by the 2004 NES total weighted by the nonresponse | adjusted selection weight. The final analysis weight is the | product of the household level non-response adjustment factor, | the number of eligible persons, and a person-level | post-stratification factor." | | The 2004 ANES codebook describes the post-election weight, the | weight which appears in the CSES Module 2 dataset, as follows: | | "The 1,066 Post-Election cases were post-stratified to 2004 CPS | March Supplement proportions for six (6) ages by four (4) | education categories. The post-stratification compensates for | differential non-response by age group and education level. The | panel attrition weight for the Post-Election Study is the | product of the Pre-Election final weight and the | post-stratification factor formed by dividing the CPS proportion | by the weighted NES proportion for each of the 24 age by | education cells. The weight is scaled to sum to the number of | cases, 1066." --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B1011_1 >>> FACTOR: MEAN OF SAMPLE WEIGHT B1011_2 >>> FACTOR: MEAN OF DEMOGRAPHIC WEIGHT B1011_3 >>> FACTOR: MEAN OF POLITICAL WEIGHT --------------------------------------------------------------------------- | NOTES: B1011 | | These variables report the mean weight of each type, within | each polity (election study). The resulting factors are then | used to create the derivative "Polity Weights" in variables | B1012_1 through B1012_3. | | To follow is the SPSS code used to create variables | B1011_1, B1011_2, and B1011_3: | | Aggregate | / OUTFILE=* MODE=ADDVARIABLES OVERWRITE=YES | / Break=B1004 | / B1011_1 B1011_2 B1011_3 =mean(B1010_1 B1010_2 B1010_3) . --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B1012_1 >>> POLITY WEIGHT: SAMPLE B1012_2 >>> POLITY WEIGHT: DEMOGRAPHIC B1012_3 >>> POLITY WEIGHT: POLITICAL --------------------------------------------------------------------------- | NOTES: B1012 | | See also variable and election study notes for B1010-B1011. | | These variables report standardized versions (with a mean 1 | within the polity) of the original weights provided with the | component election studies, described in B1010. They are the | ratio of each weighting factor to the mean weight (B1011) of | each type, calculated within each polity. | | The derivative "Polity Weight" (B1012) has been created so | that for each weight (sample, demographic, political), each | respondent within the election study has a mean weight of "1". | If you are running a frequency, for instance, this weight | will work so that the N in your frequency table comes out to | approximately the same as the number of interviews in the | study. This derivative weight is created by dividing the | individual weight for each respondent within an election | study by the mean for that weight for all respondents in that | election study. | | To follow is the SPSS code used to create variables | B1012_1, B1012_2, and B1012_3: | | Compute B1012_1=B1010_1 / B1011_1. | Compute B1012_2=B1010_2 / B1011_2. | Compute B1012_3=B1010_3 / B1011_3. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B1013 >>> FACTOR: SAMPLE SIZE ADJUSTMENT --------------------------------------------------------------------------- | NOTES: B1013 | | This variable reports the ratio of the average sample size to | each election study sample. Note that this factor is calculated | on the basis of the samples appearing in the CSES data files | (i.e. does not incorporate booster samples, panel respondents | who did not participate in the CSES wave of multi-wave studies, | etc.). Further, this factor treats elections, and not political | systems, as the unit of analysis. Analysts wishing to compare | across-countries, instead of across-election studies, should | adjust this weight accordingly. | | The resulting factor is then used to create the derivative | "Dataset Weights" in variables B1014_1 through B1014_3. | | To follow is the SPSS code used to create variable B1013: | | Compute n=1. | Compute nres=64256 / 41. | | Aggregate | / OUTFILE=* MODE=ADDVARIABLES OVERWRITE=YES | / Break=B1004 | / ncases=sum(n) . | | Compute B1013 = nres / ncases . --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B1014_1 >>> DATASET WEIGHT: SAMPLE B1014_2 >>> DATASET WEIGHT: DEMOGRAPHIC B1014_3 >>> DATASET WEIGHT: POLITICAL --------------------------------------------------------------------------- | NOTES: B1014 | | See also variable and election study notes for B1010-B1013. | | These variables are intended for micro-level analyses involving | the entire CSES sample. Using the sample size adjustment | (B1013), the centered weights (B1012) are corrected such that | each election study component contributes equally to the | analysis, regardless of the original sample size. Users are | advised to read the notes of the preceding variables carefully | so as to ensure that their analyses will be weighted | appropriately. | | The derivative "Dataset Weight" (B1014) has been created so | that each election study in the dataset will contribute | equally to analyses of respondents, regardless of the number | of interviews in each election study. | | To follow is the SPSS code used to create variables | B1014_1, B1014_2, and B1014_3: | | Compute B1014_1 = B1012_1 * B1013. | Compute B1014_2 = B1012_2 * B1013. | Compute B1014_3 = B1012_3 * B1013. | | Formats B1014_1 to B1014_3 (F12.4). --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B1015 >>> ELECTION TYPE --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Type of election. .................................................................. 10. PARLIAMENTARY/LEGISLATIVE 12. PARLIAMENTARY/LEGISLATIVE AND PRESIDENTIAL 13. PARLIAMENTARY/LEGISLATIVE AND PRIME MINISTER 20. PRESIDENTIAL 30. HEAD OF GOVERNMENT | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BRAZIL (2002): B1015 | | In 2002, the Presidency, seats in the National Congress (Chamber | of Deputies and Senate), the governorship of the 26 states and | the Federal District, and seats in the state and Federal | District legislatures were all up for election. The primary | focus of this election study is the election for the lower house | (Chamber of Deputies) of the Brazilian Parliament. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - JAPAN (2004): B1015 | | The July 11, 2004 elections were held to renew half of the House | of Councilors, the upper house of the Parliament. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - KYRGYZSTAN (2005): B1015 | | The primary focus of the study is the early Presidential | election of July 10, 2005. Earlier in 2005, there were also | Parliamentary elections (a first round conducted on February 27, | and a second round on March 12, 2005). --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B1016 >>> DATE 1ST ROUND ELECTION BEGAN - MONTH B1017 >>> DATE 1ST ROUND ELECTION BEGAN - DAY B1018 >>> DATE 1ST ROUND ELECTION BEGAN - YEAR B1019 >>> DATE 2ND ROUND ELECTION BEGAN - MONTH B1020 >>> DATE 2ND ROUND ELECTION BEGAN - DAY B1021 >>> DATE 2ND ROUND ELECTION BEGAN - YEAR --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Date [first round/second round] election began. .................................................................. MONTH 01. JANUARY 02. FEBRUARY 03. MARCH 04. APRIL 05. MAY 06. JUNE 07. JULY 08. AUGUST 09. SEPTEMBER 10. OCTOBER 11. NOVEMBER 12. DECEMBER 99. MISSING DAY 01-31. DAY OF MONTH 99. MISSING YEAR 2001-2006. YEAR 9999. MISSING | NOTES: B1016-B1021 | | If the election described in variable B1015 was held on a single | date, that date is represented in variables B1016-B1018. If the | election described in variable B1015 was held on more than one | date or involved multiple rounds, an additional date is | represented in variables B1019-B1021. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ALBANIA (2005): B1016-B1018 | | Albania held parliamentary elections on July 3, 2005 for all 140 | seats in the unicameral Assembly of the Republic. Due to certain | irregularities, the elections had to be rerun in several | constituencies on 21 August 2005. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BRAZIL (2002): B1016-B1018 | | This date refers to the date of the parliamentary election and | the first round of the presidential election. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BRAZIL (2002): B1019-B1021 | | This date refers to the second round of the presidential | election. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ROMANIA (2004): B1016-B1018 | | This date refers to the date of the parliamentary election | and the first round of the presidential election. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ROMANIA (2004): B1019-B1021 | | This date refers to the second round of the presidential | election. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B1022 >>> STUDY TIMING --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Timing of study relative to election. .................................................................. 1. POST-ELECTION STUDY 2. PRE-ELECTION AND POST-ELECTION STUDY 3. BETWEEN ROUNDS | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - DENMARK (2001): B1022 | | The CSES questionnaire was administered as the post-election | portion of a two-wave panel study. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - JAPAN (2004): B1022 | | The CSES questionnaire was administered as the post-election | portion of a two-wave panel study. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NETHERLANDS (2002): B1022 | | The CSES questionnaire was administered as the post-election | portion of a two-wave panel study. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - RUSSIA (2004): B1022 | | Most of the CSES questionnaire was administrated in the post- | presidential election portion of the panel study conducted in | 2004. However, the following questions - B2001, B2003, B2024, | B2025, B2026 and B2029 - were asked in the previous wave, in | a post-election study after the State Duma election in 2003. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B1023 >>> MODE OF INTERVIEW --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Mode of interview. .................................................................. 1. FACE-TO-FACE 2. TELEPHONE 3. SELF-ADMINISTERED (MAIL-BACK; SELF-COMPLETED SUPPLEMENT) 4. COMBINATION OF TELEPHONE AND SELF-ADMINISTERED 5. COMBINATION OF FACE-TO-FACE AND SELF-ADMINISTERED 9. MISSING | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NETHERLANDS (2002): B1023 | | This is a combination of face-to-face and self-administered | survey. In the post-election wave, where the CSES module was | administered, 374 persons were given the opportunity to answer | the questions on a paper questionnaire, a computer diskette, | or via Internet. 65 percent of these 374 respondents chose | one of these options; 35 percent preferred a face-to-face | interview. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWITZERLAND (2003): B1023 | | "Due to time constraints, a substantial part of CSES Module 2 | could not be integrated into the telephone survey, and was, | therefore, conducted as a supplementary postal survey. [... The | CSES module was] completed by all respondents from the telephone | sample willing to answer a supplementary self-administered | questionnaire. Total number of respondents in Wave I of the | study: 2047. Number of Wave I respondents re-interviewed in the | wave containing CSES Module: 1418. Percent total panel | attrition: 31.8%." --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B1024 >>> INTERVIEWER WITHIN ELECTION STUDY --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Interviewer identification variable, within election study. .................................................................. 00000-99995. INTERVIEWER IDENTIFIER 99999. MISSING | NOTES: B1024 | | This variable uniquely identifies an interviewer within an | election study. It is not unique across the entire dataset. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SLOVENIA (2004): B1024 | | The Slovenian study did not record the interviewer, but it | coded the PSU (primary sample unit) where the survey took place. | Given that almost all surveys from each PSU were conducted by a | single interviewer, the PSU variable can be used as a reasonable | proxy here. The collaborator described that: "There were 136 | interviewers assigned to 136 PSUs. As a rule, each interviewer | had one PSU on duty. Cases of the remaining 4 PSUs were | distributed among some of the interviewers on a case-by-case | basis, so it is possible that more then two worked there. | This happened on a fraction of cases only (up to 5%)". | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - UNITED STATES (2004): B1024 | | The original interviewer identification variable for this | election study was longer than five digits in length. It has | been shortened by retaining the right-most five digits, which | were unique for each interviewer in the study. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B1025 >>> INTERVIEWER GENDER --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Gender of interviewer. .................................................................. 1. MALE 2. FEMALE 9. MISSING --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B1026 >>> DATE QUESTIONNAIRE ADMINISTERED - MONTH B1027 >>> DATE QUESTIONNAIRE ADMINISTERED - DAY B1028 >>> DATE QUESTIONNAIRE ADMINISTERED - YEAR --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Date questionnaire administered. .................................................................. MONTH 01. JANUARY 02. FEBRUARY 03. MARCH 04. APRIL 05. MAY 06. JUNE 07. JULY 08. AUGUST 09. SEPTEMBER 10. OCTOBER 11. NOVEMBER 12. DECEMBER 99. MISSING DAY 01-31. DAY OF MONTH 99. MISSING YEAR 1996-2006. YEAR 9999. MISSING | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CZECH REPUBLIC (2002): B1026-B1028 | | These variables report the date data collection began. The | survey was administered between June 24 and July 1, 2002. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - DENMARK (2001): B1026-B1028 | | These variables report the date data collection began. Data | collection was conducted between December 7, 2001 and March 14, | 2002. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - FINLAND (2003): B1026-B1028 | | These variables report the date data collection began. The | survey was administered between March 17 and April 30, 2003. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - FRANCE (2002): B1026-B1028 | | These variables report the date data collection began. The | survey was administered on May 23-24, 2002. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ITALY (2006): B1026-B1028 | | These variables report the day data collection began. The survey | was administered over the period May 10-16, 2006. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - JAPAN (2004): B1026-1028 | | The Japanese survey (post-election wave including CSES | variables) was administered between July 15 and July 26, 2004. | This variable reports the beginning date of the fieldwork. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - MEXICO (2003): B1026-B1028 | | These variables report the date data collection began. The | questionnaire was administered between July 19 and July 26, | 2003. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NORWAY (2001): B1026-B1028 | | These variables report the date post-election interviewing | began. It ended on January 31, 2002. The Pre-election study was | carried out between June 5 and August 31, 2001. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PHILIPPINES (2004): B1027 | | These variables report the first day of survey interviewing. | Interviews were conducted between August 5 - August 22, 2004. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PORTUGAL (2002): B1026-B1028 | | The Portuguese questionnaire was administered between March 23 | and April 8, 2002. These variables report the month and year | fieldwork began. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PORTUGAL (2005): B1026-B1028 | | These variables report the date data collection began. Data | collection was conducted between March 5 and May 8, 2005. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SLOVENIA (2004): B1027 | | In the data there are three interviews conducted during days | outside of the field period mentioned in the sample report. | However, these out of range dates are actual interviews obtained | on the specified dates. These dates were agreed to by the local | fieldwork director as convenient for the interviewer or | interviewee, to allow for an increase in the response rate. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SOUTH KOREA (2004): B1026-B1028 | | These variables indicate that eight respondents were interviewed | on the day of the election. The eight cases have been retained | under the assumption that they were interviewed after they | voted, meeting the CSES post-election study requirement. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - UNITED STATES (2004): B1026-B1028 | | This is the date of interview from the post-election study. It | represents the interview date of interviews conducted in a | single session and the date of the first interview session for | interviews which were broken into more than one session of | interviewing. =========================================================================== ))) CSES MODULE 2 MICRO-LEVEL DATA: DEMOGRAPHIC, VOTE CHOICE, AND ELECTION VARIABLES =========================================================================== --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B2001 >>> AGE --------------------------------------------------------------------------- D1. Age of respondent (in years). .................................................................. 010-150. AGE, IN YEARS 001. AGE RANGE 1 - SEE VARIABLE NOTES 002. AGE RANGE 2 - SEE VARIABLE NOTES 003. AGE RANGE 3 - SEE VARIABLE NOTES 004. AGE RANGE 4 - SEE VARIABLE NOTES 997. REFUSED 998. DON'T KNOW 999. MISSING | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ALBANIA (2005): B2001 | | Age was calculated by subtracting the original birth | year from the year of interview (2005). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - AUSTRALIA (2004): B2001 | | Age was calculated by subtracting the original birth | year from the year of interview (2004 or 2005). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - DENMARK (2001): B2001 | | Age was calculated by subtracting the original variable | of year of birth from the year the survey was administered | (2001). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - KYRGYZSTAN (2005): B2001 | | The original age variable was recorded in 4 categories. | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 001. 18-29 years | 002. 30-39 years | 003. 40-49 years | 004. 50 and above | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SLOVENIA (2004): B2001 | | Age was calculated by subtracting the year of birth from the | year the survey was administered (2005). --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B2002 >>> GENDER --------------------------------------------------------------------------- D2. Gender of respondent. .................................................................. 1. MALE 2. FEMALE 7. REFUSED 9. MISSING --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B2003 >>> EDUCATION --------------------------------------------------------------------------- D3. Education of the respondent. .................................................................. 01. NONE 02. INCOMPLETE PRIMARY 03. PRIMARY COMPLETED 04. INCOMPLETE SECONDARY 05. SECONDARY COMPLETED 06. POST-SECONDARY TRADE/VOCATIONAL SCHOOL 07. UNIVERSITY UNDERGRADUATE DEGREE INCOMPLETE 08. UNIVERSITY UNDERGRADUATE DEGREE COMPLETED 09. [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 97. REFUSED 98. DON'T KNOW 99. MISSING | NOTES: B2003 | | The categories listed were constructed to indicate the | following: | | Incomplete primary: R left school before completing the level of | education required (at the time R left school) for entry into | secondary school. | | Primary completed: R completed the level of education required | (at the time respondent left school) for entry into secondary | school, but has never attended secondary school. | | Incomplete secondary: R attended secondary school, but has never | achieved the minimum level of qualifications normally required | (at the time R left school) for entry into university or other | degree level higher education. Respondents currently studying | for such qualifications should also be included in this | category. | | Secondary completed: R has at least the minimum qualifications | normally required (at the time R left school) for entry into | university or other degree level higher education but has never | entered a university or other degree level course of higher | education. | | Post-secondary trade/vocational school: R has attended a | non-degree granting institution teaching a skilled trade, or | providing a professional or technical subdegree. | | University incomplete: R has attended university or entered | other degree level of course of higher education but either left | before successful completion of an undergraduate level degree, | or has yet to complete a degree upon which currently embarked. | | University degree completed: R has undergraduate level or higher | degree. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ALBANIA (2005): B2003 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 01. 01. None | 02. 02. Incomplete primary | 03. 03. Primary completed | 04. 04. Incomplete secondary | 05. 05. Secondary completed | 06. 06. High school | 07. 07. Undergraduate degree incomplete | 08. 08. Undergraduate degree completed | 09. Post graduate degree | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - AUSTRALIA (2004): B2003 | | Four variables have been used to derive B2003: Age left school | (H1); Number of years of tertiary education (H2); Highest | qualification since leaving school (H3); and Occupation last | week (H4). | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 01. None | R answered "no formal schooling" to H1, | and no further information available | from H2 and H3 | 02. Incomplete Primary: | R completed school at age 10, and no | further information available from H2 | and H3 | 03. Primary Completed: | R answered "went to primary school only" | to H1, or R completed school between ages | of 11-13, or if R answered "still at school" | to H1 and reported 0 years of tertiary | education or "no qualification since | leaving school" to H3 | 04. Incomplete Secondary: | R completed school between ages of 14-16, | and no further information about higher | qualification or degree; or if missing | answer to H1 but had completed one or | more years of "tertiary" education | 05. Secondary Completed: | R completed school at age 17 or above, and | no further information about higher | qualification or degree | 06. Post-Secondary Trade/Vocational School: | R completed school at age 17 or above, had | "Trade" or "Non-trade" qualifications, and | had completed one or more years of "tertiary" | education, or R had an "Associate Diploma" | qualification, or R had an "Undergraduate | Diploma" qualification | 07. University Incomplete | R completed school at age 17 or above, was | "full-time school or university student", | had not previously completed a university | or higher degree, and HAD completed one or | more years of "tertiary" education, or R | completed school at age 17 or above, had not | completed a qualification, and had completed | one or more years of "tertiary" | education | 08. University Degree Completed | R had a "Bachelor Degree" qualification, | or R had a "Postgraduate Degree or Diploma" | qualification | | The original variables contained some inconsistencies between | the year of leaving school, number of years in tertiary | education, and the highest qualification since leaving school, | which could not be completely adjusted for by the above coding | scheme. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BELGIUM (2003): B2003 | | The submitted variable used somewhat different codes from the | CSES standard. The following shows the adjustment of the | original codes to the CSES standard. | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 01. 01. None | 03. 02. Elementary education | 04. 03. Lower secondary vocational education | 04. Lower secondary technical education | 05. Lower secondary general education | 05. 06. Higher secondary vocational education | 07. Higher secondary technical education | 08. Higher secondary general education | 06. 09. Non-university higher education | 08. 10. University education | 09 11. Other | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BRAZIL (2002): B2003 | | The Brazilian survey did not include the CSES category | "06. Post-Secondary Trade/Vocational School" | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BULGARIA (2001): B2003 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 02. Below Primary | 03. Primary | 05. Secondary Vocational/Secondary High School | 06. College | 08. University/PhD, Specialization | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CANADA (2004): B2003 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 06. 06. Some technical, community college, | CEGEP, College Classique | 07. Completed technical, community | college, CEGEP, College Classique | | Note: Canadian codes 06 and 07 are from the CES pre-election | survey question S3. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CHILE (2005): B2003 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 01. None, did not study | Illiterate | 02. 1º Grade (preparatory) | 2º Grade | 3º Grade | 4º Grade | 5º Grade | 6º Grade | 7º Grade, 1st year humanities | 03. 8º Grade, 2nd year humanities | 04. 1º Secondary, 3rd year humanities | 2º Secondary, 4th year humanities | 3º Secondary, 5th year humanities | 05. 4º Secondary, 6th year humanities | 06. Technical-Professional Incomplete | Technical-Professional Complete | 07. University Incomplete | 08. University Complete | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CZECH REPUBLIC (2002): B2003 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 08. More than basic university degree | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - DENMARK (2001): B2003 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 02. Grade school: 7 years or less; | no education above school education | 03. Grade school 8/9 years (middle school); | no education above school education | 04. Danish secondary school preparing for | a commercial etc. career; no education | above school education | 05. School leaving certificate; no education | above school education | 06. Basic trade education finished trade | education | 07. Higher education of short duration | 08. Higher education of middle-long duration; | higher education of long duration | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - FINLAND (2003): B2003 | | This variable contains only 5 categories. They correspond | to the CSES categories as follows: | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 03. Primary completed | 04. Incomplete secondary | 05. Secondary completed | 06. Post-secondary trade/vocational school | 08. University undergraduate completed | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - FRANCE (2002): B2003 | | Certificates attained are noted in parentheses. | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 02. Without a diploma | 03. Primary certificate (Certificat | d'etudes primaires, Ancien brevet) | 05. Complete upper secondary (Baccalaureat | general, Baccalaureat technologique) | 06. Vocational certificates (Certificate | d'aptitude professional, Brevet | d'enseignement professional) | 07. Complete Secondary plus two years | post-secondary training | 08. Complete university degree | "Grandes Ecoles/Ecoles d'Igenieurs" | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GERMANY (2002 Telephone): B2003 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 09. Other | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GREAT BRITAIN (2005): B2003 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Categories: | 01. DK/Refusal/Na, | No qualifications, | Foreign/Other qualifications | and terminal age of education < 5 | 02. DK/Refusal/Na, No qualifications, | Foreign/Other qualifications and | terminal age of education >=5 and <11 | 03. DK/Refusal/Na, No qualifications, | Foreign/Other qualifications and | terminal age of education = 11 | 04. DK/Refusal/Na, No qualifications, | Foreign/Other qualifications, | cse or equiv, o-level or equiv | and terminal age of education > 11 | 05. A-level or equiv and not a student | 06. Education below degree and not a student | 07. A-level, education below degree and a student | 08. Degree | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HONG KONG (2004): B2003 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 05. Incomplete matrication (n=2) | Matrication completed (n=26) | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - IRELAND (2002): B2003 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 01. None | 03. Completed Primary | 04. Junior/Intermediate group or equivalent | 05. Leaving Certificate or equivalent | 06. Diploma or Certificate | 07. University degree or equivalent | University higher degree or equivalent | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ISRAEL (2003): B2003 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 08. M.a., M.b.c., etc. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ITALY (2006): B2003 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 01. 6. Nessun titolo | 02. | 03. 5. Licenza elementare | 04. 4. Media Inferiore | 05. 3. Media Superiore | 06. | 07. 2. Universita' senza laurea | 08. 1. Universita' con laurea | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - JAPAN (2004): B2003 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 08. More than basic university degree | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - KYRGYZSTAN (2005): B2003 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 04. 1. Incomplete secondary education | 05. 2. Secondary education | 06. 3. Special technical secondary education | 07. 4. Incomplete higher education | 08. 5. Higher education | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NETHERLANDS (2002): B2003 | | This question asked for "the highest education for which you | received a diploma." The submitted variable used somewhat | different codes from the CSES standard. The following shows | the adjustment of the original codes to the CSES standard. | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 03. 01. elementary | 02. extended elementary | 05. 03. (lower) vocational | 04. middle level secondary | 05. middle level vocational | 06. 06. higher level secondary | 07. higher level vocational | 08. undergraduate level | 09. graduate level vocational | 08. 10. undergraduate level | 11. graduate level | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NEW ZEALAND (2002): B2003 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 02. Incomplete primary/none | 03. Primary completed | 04. Secondary without UE or 6th form | certification | 05. Complete secondary | 06. Non degree professional trade or | technical | tertiary qualification | 07. Undergraduate university degree | 08. Post-graduate university degree | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NORWAY (2001): B2003 | | This variable contains only three categories which | correspond to the CSES categories as follows: | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 03. Primary completed | 05. Secondary completed | 08. University undergraduate completed | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - POLAND (2001): B2003 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 01. None | 02. Incomplete primary | 03. Primary completed | 04. Incomplete secondary | 05. Secondary completed | 06. Post-secondary | 07. University degree incomplete | 08. University degree complete | More than basic university degree | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PORTUGAL (2002 and 2005): B2003 | | Category 6 (post-secondary trade/vocational school) was omitted | from the Portuguese questionnaire because it does not exist in | the Portuguese Educational Formal System. | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 01. None | 02. Incomplete primary | 03. Primary completed | 04. Incomplete basic level | Basic level completed | Incomplete secondary | 05. Secondary completed | 07. Incomplete University undergraduate degree | 08. University undergraduate degree completed | Incomplete University postgraduate degree | University postgraduate degree completed | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ROMANIA (2004): B2003 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 09. More than basic university degree | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SLOVENIA (2004): B2003 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 02. 01. Incomplete primary | 03. 02. Primary completed | 05. 03. Incomplete vocational | 04. 2-3 yrs vocational | 05. 4 yrs middle school | 07. 06. Incomplete university | 08. 07. Higher degree completed | 08. University completed | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWEDEN (2002): B2003 | | This variable was constructed from the original data set by the | collaborator. The original nine categories include the | following: | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 03. 1. Primary School: 6 or 7-year primary/ | secondary school (old system) | 2. Comprehensive School: 8 or 9-year | comprehensive school (current system) | 04. 3. Vocational School: Various forms of | vocational and apprentice education | received in publicly organized school, | 1-year trade college | 05. 4. Secondary School: 2-year secondary | school (old) system), total: 9 | years education | 5. Secondary/High School: 2-year secondary | school (current system), total:11 years | education | 6. Upper Secondary/High School: 3 or 4-year | secondary school (current system), total: | 12 years education. No Degree studying at | this level | 7. Upper Secondary/High School: As above. | Completed degree. | 07. 8. University: No degree studying at this | level | 08. 9. University: Completed degree/continued | education | 98. Volunteered: don't know/refused | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWITZERLAND (2003): B2003 | | The Swiss survey only used five categories. They | were recoded to the CSES categories as follows: | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 01. None | 03. Primary completed | 05. Secondary completed | 06. Post-secondary trade, vocational school | 08. University undergraduate degree completed | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - TAIWAN (2004): B2003 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 01. 01. Illiterate | 02. Literate but no formal schooling | 02. 03. Some primary school | 03. 04. Primary school graduate | 04. 05. Some junior high school | 15. Japanese junior high school | 07. Some high school or vocational school | 05. 06. Junior high school graduate | 08. High school or vocational school graduate | 06. 09. Some technical college | 10. Technical college graduate | 07. 11. Some university | 08. 12. University graduate | 13. Post-graduate education | 97. 95. Refuse to answer | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - UNITED STATES (2004): B2003 | | Created on the basis of two variables, indicating number of | years of schooling (V043252) and highest degree earned | (V043254). | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 01. 0 years of schooling | 02. Incomplete Primary; 1-7 years of schooling | 03. 8 years of schooling | 04. 9-11 grades, no further schooling (including | 12 years without diploma or equivalency) | 05. High school diploma or equivalency test | 06. [No equivalent] | 07. More than 12 years of schooling, no higher | degree; Junior or community college level | degrees (AA degrees) | 08. BA level degrees; 17+ years, no advanced | degree; Advanced degree, including LLB --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B2004 >>> MARITAL STATUS --------------------------------------------------------------------------- D4. Respondent's marital status. .................................................................. 1. MARRIED OR LIVING TOGETHER AS MARRIED 2. WIDOWED 3. DIVORCED OR SEPARATED (MARRIED BUT SEPARATED/ NOT LIVING WITH LEGAL SPOUSE) 4. SINGLE, NEVER MARRIED 5. [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 7. REFUSED 8. DON'T KNOW 9. MISSING | NOTES: B2004 | | This variable reports the respondent's current marital status. | For instance, a person who is both divorced and living together | as married would be coded 1. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - AUSTRALIA (2004): B2004 | | Two categories in the Australian survey were defined slightly | differently: | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Categories: | 1. Now married (including de facto | relationships) | 4. Never married | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BELGIUM (2003): B2004 | | The original variable asked: "Do you live together with a | partner?". The recorded answers were "1. YES" and "2. No". | The variable is recoded in the following way: | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Categories: | 1. 1. Yes | 5 2. No | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - DENMARK (2001): B2004 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. Married | Living together (no legal papers) | 2. Widowed | 3. Divorced/separated/not living | with legal spouse | 4. Not married | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - IRELAND (2002): B2004 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. Married | 2. Widowed | 3. Separated/Divorced | 4. Never married | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ITALY (2006): B2004 | | The Italian survey categories do not match exactly the CSES | codes for this variable. The Italian survey merged CSES | responses 2 and 3 into only one category. | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. Spouse/Partner | 2. Widow/Divorced/Separated | 3. | 4. Single/lives alone | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - FRANCE (2002): B2004 | | The original marital status variable had separate response | categories for 'Married' ("Marié(e)") and 'Living together | as married' ("Vit en concubinage"). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NETHERLANDS (2002): B2004 | | In the Dutch survey, respondents were not given the option | "Living Together as Married". Hence, some of those not | classified as married in B2004 received the spouse items | (B2015, B2016, and B2018). | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. 4. Married | 2. 1. Widow(er) | 3. 3. Been married | 4. 2. Not married | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SLOVENIA (2004): B2004 | | Category "1. Married or Living together as married" includes | eight respondents who are "separated, but married". | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWEDEN (2002): B2004 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 8. Volunteered: don't know/refused | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWITZERLAND (2003): B2004 | | In the Swiss survey, category "01. Married or Living Together as | Married" does not include those "Living Together as Married". | Hence, some of those not classified as married in B2004 received | the spouse items (B2015, B2016, and B2018). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - UNITED STATES (2004): B2004 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Categories: | 1. 1. Married | 6. Partnered, not married (Volunteered) | 2. 2. Widowed | 3. 3. Divorced | 4. Separated | 4. 5. Never married --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B2005 >>> UNION MEMBERSHIP --------------------------------------------------------------------------- D5. Union membership of respondent. .................................................................. 1. R IS MEMBER OF A UNION 2. R IS NOT A MEMBER OF A UNION 7. REFUSED 8. DON'T KNOW 9. MISSING | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ALBANIA (2005): B2005 | | The original question asked "D11. Are you or someone else in | your household a member of a trade union?". | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. 1. Yes, Respondent is | 2. Yes, both Respondent and someone else are | members | 2. 3. Yes, someone else than Respondent is | 4. No, there is no union member in the household | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BULGARIA (2001): B2005 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. Yes, KNSB (Confederation of Independent | Trade Unions of Bulgaria) | Yes, Podkrepa (Support) Labor Confederation | Yes, Promyana Trade Union | 2. No | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - DENMARK (2001): B2005 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. Yes | Yes, but don't remember the name | 2. No | No, only paying to get maintenance | allowance | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GREAT BRITAIN (2005): B2005 | | This item and the subsequent questions about organizational | membership were asked in the following manner: "Are you | currently a member of any of the following? A trade union" | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. R is a member of a Union | 2. Not mentioned | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NETHERLANDS (2002): B2005 | | This item and the subsequent questions about organizational | membership were asked in the following manner: "On this | showcard are various sorts of associations or organizations. | Could you indicate whether you are member or financial | supporter of each type of organization? Trade Unions, like | FNV or the CNV." According to the original survey | documentation, "Because of the way in which this question has | been asked in the Dutch Parliamentary Election Study, as part | of a bigger question, the answer 'not a member' cannot be | distinguished." | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. R is a member of a Union | 2. Not mentioned | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NEW ZEALAND (2002): B2005 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. I am a member, but don't go to any meetings | [R attends meetings] Once or twice a year | [R attends meetings] About once every 2-3 | months | [R attends meetings] Once per month | [R attends meetings] Once or more per week | 2. No | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NORWAY (2001): B2005 | | This item was asked in the following manner: "Are you a member | of a labour union, an employers' organization or a union for a | specific occupation or profession?" (Q51 in the original | questionnaire). Those who reported "Yes" were asked a follow-up | question, providing a list of options. These options are | reported in B2007, B2008, and B2009. | | See also notes for B2007, B2008, and B2009. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWEDEN (2002): B2005 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 8. Volunteered: don't know/refused --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B2006 >>> UNION MEMBERSHIP OF OTHERS IN HOUSEHOLD --------------------------------------------------------------------------- D6. Someone in household other than respondent is a member of a union. .................................................................. 1. SOMEONE ELSE (OTHER THAN R) IS MEMBER OF A UNION 2. NO ONE ELSE (OTHER THAN R) IS A MEMBER OF A UNION 7. REFUSED 8. DON'T KNOW 9. MISSING | NOTES: B2006 | | See also notes for variable B2005. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ALBANIA (2005): B2006 | | The original question asked "D11. Are you or someone else in | your household a member of a trade union?". | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. 2. Yes, both Respondent and someone else are | members | 3. Yes, someone else than Respondent is | 2. 1. Yes, Respondent is | 4. No, there is no union member in the household | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - AUSTRALIA (2004): B2006 | | This question asked about trade union membership of R's spouse. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BULGARIA (2001): B2006 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. Yes, KNSB (Confederation of Independent Trade | Unions of Bulgaria) | Yes, Podkrepa (Support) Labor Confederation | Yes, Promyana Trade Union | 2. No | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GREAT BRITAIN (2005): B2006 | | This variables was asked only about the spouse/partner (not | about others in the household). The original question was: | "Q1010. Is your (husband/wife/partner) now a member of a trade | union or staff association? PROBE AS NECESSARY AND CODE FIRST | TO APPLY." | | 1 Yes: trade union | 2 Yes: staff association | 3 No | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWEDEN (2002): B2006 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 8. Volunteered: don't know/refused | 9. Missing/Living Alone --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B2007 >>> BUSINESS OR EMPLOYERS' ASSOCIATION MEMBERSHIP --------------------------------------------------------------------------- D7. R is a member of a business or employers' association. .................................................................. 1. R IS A MEMBER OF A BUSINESS OR EMPLOYERS' ASSOCIATION 2. R IS NOT A MEMBER OF A BUSINESS OR EMPLOYERS' ASSOCIATION 7. REFUSED 8. DON'T KNOW 9. MISSING | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ALBANIA (2005): B2007 | | The original question asked "D12. Are you or someone else in | your household a member of a business or employers' | association?". | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. 1. Yes, Respondent is | 2. Yes, both Respondent and someone else are | members | 2. 3. Yes, someone else than Respondent is | 4. No, there is no union member in the household | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - AUSTRALIA (2004): B2007 | | The CSES category of "members" includes both those originally | recoded as active or inactive members. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CANADA (2004): B2007 | | It was not possible to differentiate between "Don't know", | "Refused", and "Missing" response on the basis of the original | CES variable. Hence only the code "9. Missing" is included. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GREAT BRITAIN (2005): B2007 | | This item and the subsequent questions about organizational | membership were asked in the following manner: "Are you | currently a member of any of the following? A business or | employers' organization (e.g. Chamber of Commerce/Trade, | National Federation of Small Businesses, Institute of Directors, | Forum of Private Business)" | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. R is a member of a business or employers | organization | 2. Not mentioned | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NEW ZEALAND (2002): B2007 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. I am a member, but don't go to any meetings | [R attends meetings] Once or twice a year | [R attends meetings] About once every 2-3 | months | [R attends meetings] Once per month | [R attends meetings] Once or more per week | 2. No | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NORWAY (2001): B2007 | | Respondents who reported not being a member of a union (B2005) | were not asked this question. Here are categorized those who | reported membership in "The Organisation for Industry And | Commerce (NHO)". | | Also see notes for B2005. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWEDEN (2002): B2007 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 8. Volunteered: don't know/refused --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B2008 >>> FARMERS' ASSOCIATION MEMBERSHIP --------------------------------------------------------------------------- D8. R is a member of a farmers' association. .................................................................. 1. R IS A MEMBER OF A FARMERS' ASSOCIATION 2. R IS NOT A MEMBER OF A FARMERS' ASSOCIATION 7. REFUSED 8. DON'T KNOW 9. MISSING | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - AUSTRALIA (2004): B2008 | | The CSES category of "members" includes both those originally | recoded as active or inactive members. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GREAT BRITAIN (2005): B2008 | | This item and the subsequent questions about organizational | membership were asked in the following manner: "Are you | currently a member of any of the following? National Farmer's | Union" | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. R is a member of the National Farmer's Union | 2. Not mentioned | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NEW ZEALAND (2002): B2008 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. I am a member, but don't go to any meetings | [R attends meetings] Once or twice a year | [R attends meetings] About once every | 2-3 months | [R attends meetings] Once per month | [R attends meetings] Once or more per week | 2. No | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NORWAY (2001): B2008 | | Respondents who reported not being a member of a union (B2005) | were not asked this question. Here are categorized those who | reported membership in the "Norway's Farmer Federation" or | "Norwegian Federation Of Farmers And Small Farmers". | | Also see notes for B2005. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWEDEN (2002): B2008 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 8. Volunteered: don't know/refused --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B2009 >>> PROFESSIONAL ASSOCIATION MEMBERSHIP --------------------------------------------------------------------------- D9. R is a member of a professional association. .................................................................. 1. R IS A MEMBER OF A PROFESSIONAL ASSOCIATION 2. R IS NOT A MEMBER OF A PROFESSIONAL ASSOCIATION 7. REFUSED 8. DON'T KNOW 9. MISSING | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GREAT BRITAIN (2005): B2009 | | This item and the subsequent questions about organizational | membership were asked in the following manner: "Are you | currently a member of any of the following? An organization that | organizes your profession (e.g. Royal College of General | Practitioners, Law Society, Institute of Chartered Accountants) | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. R is a member of an organization that organizes | your profession | 2. Not mentioned | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NETHERLANDS (2002): B2009 | | This item and the subsequent questions about organizational | membership were asked in the following manner: "On this | showcard are various sorts of associations or organizations. | Could you indicate whether you are member or financial | supporter of each type of organization? Professional | organizations." According to the original survey | documentation, "Because of the way in which this question | has been asked in the Dutch Parliamentary Election Study, | as part of a bigger question, the answer 'not a member' | cannot be distinguished." | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 01. R is a member of a professional association | 02. Not mentioned | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NEW ZEALAND (2002): B2009 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. I am a member, but don't go to any meetings | [R attends meetings] Once or twice a year | [R attends meetings] About once every | 2-3 months | [R attends meetings] Once per month | [R attends meetings] Once or more per week | 2. No | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NORWAY (2001): B2009 | | Respondents who reported not being a member of a union (B2005) | were not asked this question. Here, those are categorized who | reported membership in the "Trade Union (LO)", "The Occupation | Organisations' Federation (YS)", "The Academics' Organisation | (AF)", or "The Academics". | | Also see notes for B2005. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWEDEN (2002): B2009 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 8. Volunteered: don't know/refused --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B2010 >>> CURRENT EMPLOYMENT STATUS --------------------------------------------------------------------------- D10. Current employment status of respondent. .................................................................. IN LABOR FORCE: 01. EMPLOYED - FULL-TIME (32+ HOURS WEEKLY) 02. EMPLOYED - PART-TIME (15-32 HOURS WEEKLY) 03. EMPLOYED - LESS THAN 15 HOURS 04. HELPING FAMILY MEMBER 05. UNEMPLOYED NOT IN LABOR FORCE: 06. STUDENT, IN SCHOOL, IN VOCATIONAL TRAINING 07. RETIRED 08. HOUSEWIFE, HOME DUTIES 09. PERMANENTLY DISABLED 10. OTHERS, NOT IN LABOR FORCE 11. [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 12. [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 97. REFUSED 98. DON'T KNOW 99. MISSING | NOTES: B2010 | | Respondents who are temporarily unemployed are coded UNEMPLOYED. | Respondents on "workfare" or enrolled in a government job | training program are coded EMPLOYED. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - AUSTRALIA (2004): B2010 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Categories | 01. Working full-time for pay | 02. Working part-time for pay | 05. Unemployed-looking for full-time work | Unemployed-looking for part-time work | 06. A full-time school or university student | 07. Retired from paid work | 08. Keeping house | 10. Other (please specify) | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BELGIUM (2003): B2010 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Categories | 01. Employed (from original variable, D10_1) | 05. 06. Unemployed | 07. Looking for first job | 06. 08. Pursuing full-time education | 07. 01. Retired | 08. 02. Housewife/man | 09. 05. Disabled | 10. 04. On leave without pay/career interruption | 09. Doing something else | 11. 03. On sick leave or maternity leave | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BULGARIA (2001): B2010 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 01. Yes, full-time | 02. Yes, part-time | 05. Unemployed | 06. Student | 07. Pensioner | 08. Housewife | 10. Doing his/her army duty | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CANADA (2004): B2010 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 01. 02. Working for pay (full- or part-time) | 01. Self-employed (with/without employees) | 08. R volunteers: work at 2 or more jobs | 02. 09. Student and working for pay | 10. Caring for family and working for pay | 11. Retired and working for pay | 03. [No equivalent] | 04. [No equivalent] | 05. 04. Unemployed/looking for work | 06. 05. Student | 07. 03. Retired | 08. 06. Caring for a family | 09. 07. Disabled | 10. Other [specify] | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CHILE (2005): B2010 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 01. Independent/Self-Employed | Employee in Public Company | Employee in Private Company | 05. Does not work temporally | 07. Retired/Passionate | 08. Does not work/Home Duties | 06. Student | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - FRANCE (2002): B2010 | | Variable STAT (B2010) and STAT2 (B2015) from the original | French data file are recoded in the following way: | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 05. 05. Chômeur | 06. 06. Etudiant | 07. Lycéen, collegian | 07. 09. Retraité | 08. 08. Femme au foyer | 11. 01. Chef d'entreprise | 02. Indépendant sans salarié | 03. Salarié du secteur public | ou nationalisé | 04. Salarié du secteur privé | 12. 10. Autre situation | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GERMANY (2002 Mail-Back): B2010 | | In the mail-back survey, some respondents reported both an "in | labor force" status and a "not in labor force" status. The "not | in labor force" status was "Student, In School, In Vocational | Training", coupled with one of the five "in labor force" | possibilities. When this occurred, the "in labor force" status | was coded. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GERMANY (2002 Telephone): B2010 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 01. Employed- full-time | 02. Employed- half-time | 03. Employed- less than half time | 05. Unemployed | 06. Education/vocational training | Temporarily unemployed, not working, | unemployed: Student, in school | 07. Temporarily unemployed, not working, | unemployed: Retired | 08. Temporarily unemployed, not working, | unemployed: Housewife, home duties | 09. Temporarily unemployed, not working, | unemployed: Permanently disabled | 10. Temporarily unemployed, not working, | unemployed: Military Service/ | Civil Service | Temporarily unemployed, not working, | unemployed: Others not in labor force | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GREAT BRITAIN (2005): B2010 | | The Great Britain survey employed contractual hours as cut off | points to distinguish categories 01. EMPLOYED - FULL-TIME and | 02. EMPLOYED - PART-TIME. Category 04. HELPING FAMILY MEMBER was | not employed. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - IRELAND (2002): B2010 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 01. At work full-time (30 hours or more) | 02. At work part-time (less than 30 hours weekly) | 04. At work as relative assisting/ | unpaid family worker | 05. Unemployed and seeking work | 06. Student | 07. Retired | 08. Engaged in home duties | 09. Long term sick or disabled | 10. Other | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ISRAEL (2003): B2010 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 11. Soldier | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - JAPAN (2004): B2010 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 01. Employed - full-time | 02. Employed - half-time | 03. Employed - less than half-time | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - KYRGYZSTAN (2005): B2010 | | Created on the basis of the original occupation variable. It was | not possible to differentiate part-time and full-time | employment. | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 01. 1. State employee | 01. 2. Office worker | 01. 3. Businessman | 01. 4. Laborer | 05. 7. Unemployed | 06. 8. Student | 07. 9. Pensioner | 08. 6. Housewife | 11. 5. Peasant | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NETHERLANDS (2002): B2010 | | The following describes the collaborator's construction of | this variable: | "These answers have been constructed out of 4 questions coming | from the Dutch Parliamentary Election Study. These question are: | 1. 'Could you indicate what your daily activities are or which | situation applies to you?' 1) I am currently employed, 2) I was | employed but not anymore, and 3) I have never been employed. | 2. How many hours do you work on average per week, not counting | unpaid hours? | 3. You were employed, but are not longer. Is that because of | permanent disability or are you unfit to work, unemployed or | being job-seeking, retirement, living off investments, | housekeeping, care for children or is there another reason? | 4. You have never been employed. Is that because of study, | unemployment or job-seeking, housekeeping, care for children, | disability, or is there another reason?" | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NEW ZEALAND (2002): B2010 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 01. Working full-time for pay or other income | (32 hours or more a week) | 02. Working part-time for pay or other income | (less than 32 hours a week) | 05. Unemployed, laid off, looking for work | 06. At school, university or other educational | institution | 07. Retired | 08. Unpaid work within the home | 09. Temporarily or permanently disabled, unable | to work | 10. Unpaid work outside the home | | The question format used allowed for multiple responses. | These have been handled in the following way: | | Multiple CSES B1009 | Response Code | Categories | 01, 02, 07, 09 01 2386 | 01, 02, 08, 10 01 3943 | 05, 08, 09, 10 05 623 | 05, 07, 08, 10 05 2524 | 01, 06, 10 01 2930 | 01, 08, 09 01 3619 | 01, 08, 10 01 3607, 4002 | 02, 06, 08 02 3408, 3429, 3551, 3714 | 02, 06, 10 02 1035 | 02, 07, 09 02 3679 | 02, 07, 10 02 2080, 3125 | 02, 08, 10 02 1388, 2991, 3122m 3249, 3485, 3581 | 05, 08, 10 05 515, 628, 1508 | 06, 07, 10 06 1651 | 07, 08, 10 07 1323, 2837, 3035, 3090 | 08, 09, 10 08 924 | 01, 02 01 3474 | 01, 06 01 2100, 4383 | 01, 07 01 4021 | 01, 08 01 134, 3569 | 01, 10 01 407, 744 | 02, 05 02 762, 868 | 02, 06 02 842, 1449, 1554, 1583, 1717, 1814, | 1965, 2110, 3057, 3162, 3208, 3349, | 3907, 4155, 4284, 4294, 4301 | 02, 07 02 2285, 3083, 3391, 3534, 4251 | 02, 08 02 828, 909, 1748, 1942, 1948, 2009, | 2034, 2521, 3068, 3229, 3250, 3778, | 4339 | 02, 09 02 1994, 2073 | 02, 10 02 905, 2078, 3260, 3960 | 05, 06 05 1109 | 05, 08 05 4016 | 05, 10 05 55, 938, 1309, 1337, 2678 | 06, 08 06 2258, 2875, 3285, 3423 | 07, 08 07 1535, 2374, 2710, 2939, 3508, 3725, | 4129 | 07, 10 07 1728, 1936, 2652, 4107 | 08, 09 08 3243 | 08, 10 08 686, 3940, 4146, 4189 | 09, 10 09 3666, 3931 | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PERU (2006): B2010 | | Response categories 1-3 were not measured separately. They | were recoded as follows for CSES: | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 01. Independent (self-employed) | Employed in Public sector | Employed in Private sector | 05. Unemployed | 06. Student | 07. Retired | 08. Housewife, Home Duties | 10. Others, not in labor force | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PHILIPPINES (2004): B2010 | | Code "1. Employed" includes all three CSES employed categories | (i.e., "full time", "part time", and "less than 15 hours"). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - RUSSIA (2004): B2010, B2013-B2014 | | There are some inconsistencies between employment type and | industrial sector as described in B2013 and B2014, and | employment type as described in B2010. For instance, 10 | respondents replied that they worked in a secondary sector in | B2014, however at the same time they answered that they are | unemployed in B2010. These inconsistencies are assumed to come | from having been asked each question at different points in | time. B2010 is asked in the previous wave (i.e. after the Duma | election in 2003) whereas both B2013 and B2014 are asked in | the latest wave, after the presidential election in 2004. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SLOVENIA (2004): B2010 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 01. Employed full time (36 hours or more per week) | Self-employed (farmer, craftsman, free-lance) | 02. Employed part time (10 to 35 hours per week) | 03. Employed less than 10 hours per week/ | temporarily out of work | 04. Helping family member | 05. Unemployed with financial support | Unemployed without financial support | 06. In vocational training | Student/in school | 07. Retired with additional employment | Retired without additional employment | 08. Housewife, house duties | 09. Permanently disabled | 10. Others not in labor force | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWEDEN (2002): B2010 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 98. Volunteered: don't know/refused | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWITZERLAND (2003): B2010 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 01. Employed - Full Time (40 hours or more) | 02. Employed - Part Time (5-39 hours) | 03. [Not asked] | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - TAIWAN (2004): B2010 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 11. Uncertain | 12. Never work before | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - UNITED STATES (2004): B2010 | | Created on the basis of two variables, indicating number of | hours working per week (V043282) and the employment summary | variable (V043260a). | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 01. Working more than 32 hours/week | 02. Working between 15 and 32 hours/week | 03. Working less than 15 hours/week | 04. [No equivalent] | 05. Temporarily laid off | Unemployed | 06. Student, no other occupation | 07. Retired, no other occupation | 08. Homemaker, no other occupation | Homemaker and student, no other occupation | 09. Permanently disabled, not working | 10. [No equivalent] --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B2011 >>> MAIN OCCUPATION --------------------------------------------------------------------------- D11. Main occupation of respondent. .................................................................. ARMED FORCES 01. ARMED FORCES LEGISLATORS, SENIOR OFFICIALS, AND MANAGERS 11. LEGISLATORS AND SENIOR OFFICIALS 12. CORPORATE MANAGERS 13. GENERAL MANAGERS PROFESSIONALS 21. PHYSICAL, MATHEMATICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCE 22. LIFE SCIENCE AND HEALTH PROFESSIONALS 23. TEACHING PROFESSIONALS 24. OTHER PROFESSIONALS TECHNICIANS AND ASSOCIATED PROFESSIONALS 31. PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCE ASSOCIATE PROFESSIONALS 32. LIFE SCIENCE AND HEALTH ASSOCIATE PROFESSIONALS 33. TEACHING ASSOCIATE PROFESSIONALS 34. OTHER ASSOCIATE PROFESSIONALS CLERKS 41. OFFICE CLERKS 42. CUSTOMER SERVICES CLERKS 43. ADMINISTRATION OF CHARITABLE OR NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS SERVICES WORKERS AND SHOP AND MARKET SALES WORKERS 51. PERSONAL AND PROTECTIVE SERVICE WORKERS 52. MODELS, SALES PERSONS AND DEMONSTRATORS 53. TRADE, CONSUMER SERVICES SKILLED AGRICULTURAL AND FISHERY WORKERS 61. MARKET-ORIENTED SKILLED AGRICULTURAL AND FISHERY WORKERS 62. SUBSISTENCE AGRICULTURAL AND FISHERY WORKERS CRAFT AND RELATED TRADE WORKERS 71. EXTRACTION AND BUILDING TRADE WORKERS 72. METAL, MACHINERY AND RELATED TRADE WORKERS 73. PRECISION, HANDICRAFT, PRINTING AND RELATED TRADE WORKERS 74. OTHER CRAFT AND RELATED TRADES WORKERS PLANT AND MACHINE OPERATORS AND ASSEMBLERS 81. STATIONARY-PLANT AND RELATED OPERATORS 82. MACHINE OPERATORS AND ASSEMBLERS 83. DRIVERS AND MOBILE-PLANT OPERATORS 84. OTHER PLANT AND MACHINE OPERATORS AND ASSEMBLERS ELEMENTARY OCCUPATIONS 91. SALES AND SERVICES ELEMENTARY OCCUPATIONS 92. AGRICULTURAL, FISHERY AND RELATED LABORERS 93. LABORERS IN MINING, CONSTRUCTION, MANUFACTURING AND TRANSPORT 94. OTHER POSITIONS IN ELEMENTARY OCCUPATIONS 96. OTHER OR NON-CLASSIFIABLE OCCUPATIONS (NOT ENOUGH INFORMATION AVAILABLE TO CLASSIFY) 10. [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 20. [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 30. [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 40. [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 50. [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 60. [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 70. [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 80. [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 90. [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 97. REFUSED 98. DON'T KNOW 99. MISSING | NOTES: B2011 | | See also notes for B2010. | | This variable reports the respondent's main occupation; that | is, the job at which the respondent spends the most time. In | cases where the respondent holds two jobs, and spends an equal | amount of time on the two jobs, it reports the job for which | the respondent earns the most money. | For respondents who are currently employed, this variable | reports their current occupation. For respondents who are | retired or not currently working, this variable reports | respondent's last occupation. | | Coding conventions shall employ the first two-digits of 1988 | ISCO/ILO International Standard Classification of Occupations | Code from the International Labor Office, CH-1211, Geneva 22, | Switzerland. | | In some cases it has not been possible to strictly adhere to the | ISCO/ILO conventions. Users will find that some categories have | been added to the ISCO/ILO list in order to accommodate the | occupations of respondents who were not easily classified. | Please refer to specific Election Study Notes for clarification | of additional codes. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - AUSTRALIA (2004): B2011 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 12. 11. Generalist Managers | 13. 10. Managers and Administrators | 12. Specialist Managers | 13. Farmers and Farm Managers | 21. 21. Science, Building and Engineering | Professionals | 22. 23. Health Professionals | 23. 24. Education Professionals | 24. 20. Professionals | 22. Business and Information Professionals | 25. Social, Arts and Miscellaneous | Professionals | 31. 31. Science, Engineering and Related Associate | Professionals | 32. 34. Health and Welfare Associate Professionals | 34. 30. Associate Professionals | 32. Business and Administration Associate | Professionals | 33. Managing Supervisors (Sales and Service) | 39. Other Associate Professionals | 41. 51. Secretaries and Personal Assistants | 59. Other Advanced Clerical and Service | Workers | 61. Intermediate Clerical Workers | 42. 60. Intermediate Clerical, Sales and Service | Workers | 62. Intermediate Sales and Related Workers | 63. Intermediate Service Workers | 61. 46. Skilled Agricultural and Horticultural | Workers | 71. 44. Construction Tradespersons | 72. 41. Mechanical and Fabrication Engineering | Tradespersons | 42. Automotive Tradespersons | 43. Electrical and Electronics Tradespersons | 74. 40. Tradespersons and Related Workers | 45. Food Tradespersons | 49. Other Tradespersons and Related Workers | 82. 72. Intermediate Machine Operators | 83. 70. Intermediate Production and Transport | Workers | 73. Road and Rail Transport Drivers | 84. 71. Intermediate Plant Operators | 79. Other Intermediate Production and Transport | Workers | 91. 80. Elementary Clerical, Sales and Service | Workers | 81. Elementary Clerks | 82. Elementary Sales Workers | 83. Elementary Service Workers | 93. 92. Factory Labourers | 94. 90. Labourers and Related Workers | 91. Cleaners | 99. Other Labourers and Related Workers | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CANADA (2004): B2011 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 20. Mid-manager | 30. Special teaching | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CZECH REPUBLIC (2002): B2011 | | The corresponding variable from the deposited Czech data records | only the more general occupation categories. The following codes | are unique for the Czech data set: | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 10. Legislators, Senior Officials, And Managers | 20. Professionals | 30. Technicians And Associated Professionals | 40. Clerks | 50. Services Workers And Shop And Market Sales | Workers | 60. Skilled Agricultural And Fishery Workers | 70. Craft And Related Trade Workers | 80. Plant And Machine Operators And Assemblers | 90. Elementary Occupations | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - FRANCE (2002): B2011 | | The corresponding variable from the deposited French data is not | at the level of detail that allows matching or even collapsing. | Hence, this variable is coded Missing. The original variable | contains the following categories: | 01. Agriculteurs | 02. Patrons de l'ind. et du commerce | 03. Cadres et professions intel.super. | 04. Professions intermediaires | 05. Employes | 06. Ouvriers | 07. Retraites | 08. Autres inactifs | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - JAPAN (2004): B2011 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 90. No occupation | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - KYRGYZSTAN (2005): B2011 | | Created on the basis of the original occupation variable. | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 10. 3. Businessman | 20. 1. State employee | 40. 2. Office worker | 60. 5. Peasant | 90. 4. Laborer | 99. 6. Housewife | 99. 7. Unemployed | 99. 8. Student | 99. 9. Pensioner | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NORWAY (2001): B2011 | | This item only includes respondents who reported working | full-time, working part-time, or working less than 15 hours | (n=1309). | | In addition, please note that code 11 includes the | additional category of "manager": | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 11. Legislators, Senior Officials, and Managers | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PHILIPPINES (2004): B2011 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 10. Government Elected Officials | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PORTUGAL (2005): B2011 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 99. Refused/No occupation | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ROMANIA (2004): B2011 | | The corresponding variable from the deposited Romanian data | records only the more general occupation categories. The | following codes are unique for the Romanian data set: | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 10. Legislators, Senior Officials, And Managers | 20. Professionals | 30. Technicians And Associated Professionals | 40. Clerks | 50. Services Workers And Shop And Market Sales | Workers | 60. Skilled Agricultural And Fishery Workers | 70. Craft And Related Trade Workers | 80. Plant And Machine Operators And Assemblers | 90. Elementary Occupations | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SLOVENIA (2004): B2011 | | In the Slovenian survey the use of B2011 was not restricted to | currently active individuals. Instead this variable was asked | for present or past occupation and labor. Thus, all respondents | responded to this question, not just people that are actively | in the labor market. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWEDEN (2002): B2011 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 98. Volunteered: don't know/refused | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWITZERLAND (2003): B2011 | | The Swiss survey had an additional category: "10. Legislators, | Senior Officials and Managers", in addition to the standard CSES | category: "11. Legislators and Senior officials". The two | categories were merged into the latter CSES category ("11."). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - UNITED STATES (2004): B2011 | | This variable is based on the 1990 Census 71-category collapsed | variable. It represents the 2004 'stacked' occupation variable, | which means past employment of the retired, unemployed and | disabled, and current employment for everyone else. | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 99. Nonworking homemakers and students; R has | never worked | 10. Executive, administrative and managerial | occupations | 40. Clerical and record processing | 50. Sales professionals, finance and business | services | 60. Agricultural and fishery workers | | Code 10 is used in place of codes 11-13. The U.S. data cannot | be clearly categorized for codes 11-13. Code 40 is used in | place of codes 41,42,43. The U.S. data cannot be clearly | categorized for codes 41-43. Code 50 is added to distinguish | sales professionals from financial and business services | (advertising sales, securities etc.) from general and retail | sales workers in codes 51-53. Code 60 is used in place of | codes 61 and 62. The U.S. data cannot be clearly categorized | for codes 61-62. Codes 33, 91, 92 are not used in the U.S. | data. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B2012 >>> SOCIO ECONOMIC STATUS --------------------------------------------------------------------------- D12. Respondent's socio economic status. .................................................................. 1. WHITE COLLAR 2. WORKER 3. FARMER 4. SELF-EMPLOYED 5. [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 6. [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 7. REFUSED 8. DON'T KNOW 9. MISSING | NOTES: B2012 | | The categories are intended to distinguish among the following | groups: | | 1. White Collar: | Broad occupational grouping of workers engaged in non-manual | labor: Managers, salaried professionals, office workers, | sales personnel, and proprietors are generally included in | the category. | | 2. Worker: | Broad occupational grouping of workers engaged in manual labor. | | 3. Farmer: | Normally persons self-employed in farming. | | 4. Self-Employed: | Self-employed occupations of all kinds, excluding self-employed | farming. Includes, for example entrepreneurs, shop keeper, | professionals like lawyers, medical doctors etc. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ALBANIA (2005): B2012 | | This variable was not asked of the Respondent, but directly | coded by the interviewer from question B2011. The employed | coding scheme was: | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 01. White collar: broad occupational grouping of | workers engaged in non manual labor: Managers, | salaried professionals, office workers, sales | personnel, and proprietors are generally included | in the category. | 02. Worker: broad occupational grouping of workers | engaged in manual labor. | 03. Farmer: Normally persons self-employed in farming. | 04. Self-employed: Self-employed occupations of all | kinds, excluding self-employed farming. Included | for example entrepreneurs, shop keeper, | professionals like lawyers, medical doctors etc. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - AUSTRALIA (2004): B2012 | | Response categories 1-3 were created from B2011. In addition, | using the deposited detailed occupation variable (XH6OCC), | farmers are extracted from the original category "13. Farmers | and Farm Managers" (see election study note for B2011). | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. 10-42, 52, 91; | 2. 51, 71-84, 92-94; | 3. 61, 62 (plus farmers from 13) | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BELGIUM (2003): B2012 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. 01. Executives-Professionals | 02. Low management of high | education white collar | workers | 03. White collar workers | 2. 07. Supervisors or high skilled | blue collar workers | 09. Half-skilled blue collar | workers | 10. Unskilled blue collar | workers | 3. 06. Self-employed farmers | 4. 04. Self-employed with employees | 05. Self-employed without employees | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BRAZIL (2002): B2012 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 5. Student in vocational training | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CANADA (2004): B2012 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 5. Student or homemaker | 6. No code, Not Applicable | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - DENMARK (2001): B2012 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. Official/public servant, lower | Official/public servant, higher | 2. Worker, unskilled (not member of SID) | Worker, unskilled (Member of SID) | Worker, skilled | 3. Independent farmer | 4. Independent shopkeeper/master artisan | Independent in other respects | 5. Apprentice/pupil/student | 6. No occupation (pensioner/early retirement) | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GERMANY (2002 Mail-Back): B2012 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. White collar | Public servant | 2. Worker | 3. Farmer | 4. Self-employed professional | Self-employed entrepreneur | 5. In education | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GERMANY (2002 Telephone): B2012 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. White collar | Public servant | 2. Worker | 3. Farmer | 4. Self-employed professional | Self-employed entrepreneur | 5. Family-helping employed | 6. In education | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GREAT BRITAIN (2005): B2012 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. Employers in large organizations; Higher | managerial occupations; Higher professional | occupations (traditional and new employees); | Lower professional and higher technical | occupations (traditional and new employees); | Lower managerial occupations; Higher supervisory | occupations; Intermediate occupations (clerical | and administrative, sales and service); | Lower supervisory occupations; Semi-routine | occupations (sales, service, clerical); Routine | occupations (sales and service). | 2. Intermediate occupations (technical and | auxiliary, engineering); Lower technical | occupations (craft, process operative); | Semi-routine occupations (technical, operative, | agricultural not self-employed, childcare); | Routine occupations (production, technical, | operative, agricultural not self-employed) | 3. Employers in small organizations (agricultural); | Own account workers (agriculture); Semi-routine | occupations (agricultural self-employed); Routine | occupations (agricultural self-employed) | 4. Higher professional occupations (traditional and | new self-employed); Lower professional and | higher technical occupations (traditional and new | self-employed); Employers in small organizations | (non-professional); Own account workers | (non-professional) | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - IRELAND (2002): B2012 | | Response categories 1-3 were created from B2011. | | CSES Code CSES Variable B2011 | 1. 10-42, 52, 91. | 2. 51, 71-83, 92-93. | 3. 61-62. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ITALY (2006): B2012 | | In the Italian study, variable B2012 was asked about the "head | of family" (as opposed to about the respondent themself). If the | respondent was the head of family, they answered about themself. | If the respondent was not the head of family, they answered | the socioeconomic status of the person who was the head of | family. Accordingly, the responses of all respondents that were | not the head of family are recoded with code five. | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. Employees, Non-Manual Laborer (White Collar) | 2. Employees, Manual Laborer | 3. Farmers (Small Farm Owners) | 4. Self-Employed (Entrepreneurs, Merchants/ | Traders, Professionals) | 5. Respondent is not the Head of Family | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - JAPAN (2004): B2012 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 05. Not in labor force | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - KYRGYZSTAN (2005): B2012 | | Created on the basis of the original occupation variable. | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 01. 1. State employee | 01. 2. Office worker | 02. 4. Laborer | 03. 5. Peasant | 04. 3. Businessman | 05. 8. Student | 06. 6. Housewife | 09. 9. Pensioner | 09. 7. Unemployed | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NEW ZEALAND (2002): B2012 | | Response categories 1-3 were created from B2011. | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. 10-42, 52, 91 | 2. 51, 71-83, 92-93 | 3. 61-62 | 5. 01 | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PORTUGAL (2002): B2012 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 5. Armed Forces | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SPAIN (2004): B2012 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 5. Housewife | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWEDEN (2002): B2012 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 8. Volunteered: don't know/refused | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - UNITED STATES (2004): B2012 | | Response categories 1-3 were created from B2011. In addition, | cases categorized as self-employed in original deposit variable | V043262f were all assigned the CSES category 4. | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. 10-42, 50, 52, 91; | 2. 51, 53, 71-84, 92-94; | 3. 60 | 4. Self-employed category in original | deposit variable V043262f | 5. 01 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B2013 >>> EMPLOYMENT TYPE - PUBLIC OR PRIVATE --------------------------------------------------------------------------- D13. Whether respondent's employment is private or public. .................................................................. 1. PUBLIC SECTOR 2. PRIVATE SECTOR 3. MIXED 4. "THIRD SECTOR"/NON-PROFIT SECTOR 5. [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 6. [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 7. REFUSED 8. DON'T KNOW 9. MISSING | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ALBANIA (2005): B2013 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. 1. Public sector | 2. 2. Private sector (with labor contract) | 3. Private sector (without labor contract) | 4. 5. Non-profit sector (e.g., NGOs) | 5. 4. Own Business | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - AUSTRALIA (2004): B2013 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 2. Employee in private company or business | 1. Employee of Federal/State/Local Government | 5. Self-employed | 6. Employee in family business or farm | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BELGIUM (2003): B2013 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. 11. Civil services | 12. Education | 2. 01. Agriculture and fishing | 02. Mineral extraction and industry | 04. Construction industry | 05. Trade | 06. Restaurant industry | 07. Transportation | 08. Communication and IT | 09. Financial institutions (banks, | assurance companies) | 10. Service industry | 3. 03. Utility companies | 4. 13. Health care and social welfare | 14. Culture and other services | 5. 15. Other | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BRAZIL (2002): B2013 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 5. Self-employed | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BULGARIA (2001): B2013 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. State-owned/Municipal | 2. Private Bulgarian/Foreign Participation/ | A 100% foreign company | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - DENMARK (2001): B2013 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 5. Independent business person | 6. Not employed | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GERMANY (2002 Telephone): B2013 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. Public service | 2. Agriculture/forestry | Energy/mining | Manufacturing | Construction | Trade | Transportation | Banking and Insurance | Other services | 3. Public enterprises | 4. Non-profit enterprises | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - IRELAND (2002): B2013 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. Civil service | Local Authority Health Board or | Vocational Education Committees | 2. Private Sector | 3. Commercial Semi-state body | Non-commercial semi-state body | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ISRAEL (2003): B2013 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 5. Labor/Union | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ITALY (2006): B2013 | | In the Italian study, variable B2013 was asked about the "head | of family" (as opposed to about the respondent themself). If the | respondent was the head of family, they answered about themself. | If the respondent was not the head of family, they answered | the employment type of the person who was the head of | family. Accordingly, the responses of all respondents that were | not the head of family are recoded with code five. | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 5. Respondent is not the Head of Family | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - JAPAN (2004): B2013 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 5. Other | 6. Not in labor force | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NETHERLANDS (2002): B2013 | | The Dutch survey did not record CSES categories "3. Mixed" and | "4. Third Sector/Non-Profit Sector." The original question | asked: "Are you working in public service, on a pay-roll, | self-employed or what? If you have more than one occupation, | then answer these questions for the position in which you are | employed for the most hours per week. Temporary jobs via a | temporary organization are coded as 'employed elsewhere'." | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. Public service | 2. On a payroll/Employed elsewhere | 5. Self-employed | 6. Other | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NEW ZEALAND (2002): B2013 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. A state or public agency or enterprise, central | or local | 2. He/she is/was self-employed | A private company or business | 3. A mixed public/private or non-profit organization | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PERU (2006): B2013 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 5. Independent or Self-employed | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PHILIPPINES (2004): B2013 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. Public Sector | 2. Private Sector/Self-Employed | 4. Non-profit Sector | 5. Unpaid Family Worker/Others | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PORTUGAL (2005): B2013 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 5. Self-employed | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ROMANIA (2004): B2013 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. Public sector | 2. Private Sector + Non-Profit Sector | 3. Mixed | 5. Self-employed | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - RUSSIA (2004): B2010, B2013-B2014 | | There are some inconsistencies between employment type and | industrial sector as described in B2013 and B2014, and | employment type as described in B2010. For instance, 10 | respondents replied that they worked in a secondary sector in | B2014, however at the same time they answered that they are | unemployed in B2010. These inconsistencies are assumed to come | from having been asked each question at different points in | time. B2010 is asked in the previous wave (i.e. after the Duma | election in 2003) whereas both B2013 and B2014 are asked in | the latest wave, after the presidential election in 2004. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SLOVENIA (2004): B2013 | | Respondents were asked: "Do you work (did work) in private | or public sector? I work(ed)..." | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. For state/city administration, army, police | 2. For private owned firm | 3. For public establishment (health, education) | For public enterprise (electrician, traffic, etc) | For publicly owned firm | Agricultural cooperative, combine | 5. Farmer | Self employed | | In the Slovenian survey the use of B2013 was not restricted to | currently active individuals. Instead this variable was asked | for present or past occupation and labor. Thus, all respondents | responded to this question, not just people that are actively | in the labor market. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWITZERLAND (2003): B2013 | | The Swiss survey did not contain the category "4. 'Third | Sector'/Non-Profit sector". The provided documentation stated | that it is "not possible to distinguish between private and | third sector in the Swiss survey data." In addition, it was | "not possible to distinguish between Refused (7) and missing | (9) categories - (all 14 respondents who refused to answer were | coded "9. Missing". | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - UNITED STATES (2004): B2013 | | This variable is constructed using original variables | V043262g and V043262f. | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. Employed by a federal, state or local | government | 2. Employed by someone else and not by a | federal, state or local government | 3. Employed both self and someone else | 4. [NO EQUIVALENT] | 5. Self-employed --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B2014 >>> INDUSTRIAL SECTOR --------------------------------------------------------------------------- D14. Industrial sector of respondent's employment. .................................................................. 1. PRIMARY SECTOR: AGRICULTURAL, FORESTRY, FISHERIES 2. SECONDARY SECTOR: INDUSTRY: MINING, CONSTRUCTION MANUFACTURING 3. TERTIARY SECTOR: TRANSPORTATION, COMMUNICATION AND OTHER PUBLIC UTILITIES, WHOLESALE TRADE, RETAIL TRADE, PERSONAL SERVICES, FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE BUSINESS, AND REPAIR SERVICES, ENTERTAINMENT AND REPAIR SERVICES, PROFESSIONAL AND RELATED SERVICES, PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION ACTIVE MILITARY DUTY 4. OTHER 5. [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 7. REFUSED 8. DON'T KNOW 9. MISSING | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BELGIUM (2003): B2014 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. 01. Agriculture and fishing | 2. 02. Mineral extraction and industry | 04. Construction industry | 3. 03. Utility companies | 05. Trade | 06. Restaurant industry | 07. Transportation | 08. Communication and IT | 09. Financial institutions | (banks, assurance companies) | 10. Service industry | 11. Civil services | 12. Education | 13. Health care and social welfare | 14. Culture and other services | 4. 15. Other | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BULGARIA (2001): B2014 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. Agriculture | 2. Manufacture | Construction | 3. Trade | Service/Tourism | Education | Health care | Transportation | Science, culture, arts, media | Army, police, security | 4. Other | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GERMANY (2002 Telephone): B2013 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. Agriculture/Forestry | 2. Energy/mining | Manufacturing | Construction | 3. Trade | Transportation | Banking and insurance | Other services | 4. Public services | Public enterprises | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GREAT BRITAIN (2005): B2014 | | Classification was constructed using socioeconomic class and | employment status. | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. Primary Agric, hunting, forestry; fishing. | 2. Mining, quarrying; manufacture; electric, gas, | water; construction. | 3. Wholesale/retail, trade; hotels and restaurants; | transp, storage, communications; financial | intermediation; real estate, renting; public | admin and defense; education; health and social | work; other social and personal services; private | household employment; extra-territorial | organizations. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - IRELAND (2002): B2014 | | This variable was constructed from the Statistical | Classification of Economic Activities in the European | Community (NACE Rev. 1). | | CSES Code NACE Section | 1. Agriculture, hunting and forestry | Fishing | 2. Mining and quarrying | Manufacturing | Construction | 3. Wholesale and retail trade; repair of | motor vehicles, motorcycles and personal | and household goods | Hotels and restaurants | Transport, storage and communication | Financial Intermediation | Real estate, renting and business activities | Public administration; compulsory social | security | Education | Health and social work | Other community, social and personal service | activities | Activities of households | 4. Extra-territorial organizations and bodies | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ITALY (2006): B2014 | | In the Italian study, variable B2014 was asked about the "head | of family" (as opposed to about the respondent themself). If the | respondent was the head of family, they answered about themself. | If the respondent was not the head of family, they answered | the industrial sector of the person who was the head of | family. Accordingly, the responses of all respondents that were | not the head of family are recoded with code five. | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 5. Respondent is not the Head of Family | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NEW ZEALAND (2002): B2014 | | This question was asked as an open-ended item. It was coded | into the following response categories: | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing | 2. Mining | Manufacturing | Construction | 3. Electricity, gas and water supply | Wholesale trade | Retail trade | Accommodations, cafes and restaurants | Transport and storage | Communication services | Finance and insurance | Property and business services | Government Administration and defense | Education | Health and community services | Cultural and recreational services | Personal and other services | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - RUSSIA (2004): B2010, B2013-B2014 | | There are some inconsistencies between employment type and | industrial sector as described in B2013 and B2014, and | employment type as described in B2010. For instance, 10 | respondents replied that they worked in a secondary sector in | B2014, however at the same time they answered that they are | unemployed in B2010. These inconsistencies are assumed to come | from having been asked each question at different points in | time. B2010 was asked in the previous wave (i.e. after the Duma | election in 2003) whereas both B2013 and B2014 were asked in | the latest wave, after the presidential election in 2004. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SLOVENIA (2004): B2014 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | | 1. Agriculture, Hunting and Forestry, Fishing | 2. Mining and Quarrying, Manufacturing | Electricity, Gas and Water Supply, | Construction | 3. Wholesale and Retail, Repair Motor Vehicles, | Personal and Household Goods | Transport, Storage and Communication | Financial Intermediation | Real Estate, Renting and Business Activities | Public Administration and Defense, | Compulsory Social Security, Education | Health and Social Work, Other Community, | Social and Personal Service Activities | 4. Private Households with Employed Persons | Extra-Territorial Organizations and Bodies | | In the Slovenian survey the use of B2014 was not restricted to | currently active individuals. Instead this variable was asked | for present or past occupation and labor. Thus, all respondents | responded to this question, not just people that are actively | in the labor market. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B2015 >>> SPOUSE: CURRENT EMPLOYMENT STATUS --------------------------------------------------------------------------- D15. Current employment status of respondent's spouse. .................................................................. IN LABOR FORCE: 01. EMPLOYED - FULL TIME (32+ HOURS WEEKLY) 02. EMPLOYED - PART TIME (15-32 HOURS WEEKLY) 03. EMPLOYED - LESS THAN 15 HOURS 04. HELPING FAMILY MEMBER 05. UNEMPLOYED NOT IN LABOR FORCE: 06. STUDENT, IN SCHOOL, IN VOCATIONAL TRAINING 07. RETIRED 08. HOUSEWIFE, HOME DUTIES 09. PERMANENTLY DISABLED 10. OTHERS, NOT IN LABOR FORCE 11. [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 12. [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 97. REFUSED 98. DON'T KNOW 99. MISSING | NOTES: B2015 | | Spouses who are temporarily unemployed are coded UNEMPLOYED. | Spouses on "workfare" or enrolled in a government job training | program are coded EMPLOYED. | | There is variation in the manner the questions about | respondent's spouse were administered in different election | studies. In some cases only those categorized as "married or | living together" in B2004 were asked the spouse questions, | while in some surveys other categories could also get these | questions. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ALBANIA (2005): B2015 | | There are 14 cases where respondents who were not identified as | "married or living together as married" in variable B2004 | answered the spouse employment status question. The data remain | unchanged. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - AUSTRALIA (2004): B2015 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 01. Working full-time for pay | 02. Working part-time for pay | 05. Unemployed--looking for full-time work | Unemployed--looking for part-time work | 06. A full-time school or university student | 07. Retired from paid work | 08. Keeping house | 10. Other (please specify) | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BRAZIL (2002): B2015 | | There are several cases where respondents who were not | identified as "married or living together as married" in | variable B2004 answered the spouse employment status | question. The data remain unchanged. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CZECH REPUBLIC (2002): B2015-B2019 | | There are several cases where respondents who were not | identified as "married or living together as married" in | variable B2004 but answered the spouse items. The data | remain unchanged. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - FRANCE (2002): B2015 | | Variable STAT (B2010) and STAT2 (B2015) from the original | French data file are recoded in the following way: | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 05. 05. Chômeur | 06. 06. Etudiant | 07. Lycéen, collegian | 07. 09. Retraité | 08. 08. Femme au foyer | 11. 01. Chef d'entreprise | 02. Indépendant sans salarié | 03. Salarié du secteur public | ou nationalisé | 04. Salarié du secteur privé | 12. 10. Autre situation | | Only those originally categorized as Married were asked this | question, but not those categorized as "Living together as | married." See election study note for B2004. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GERMANY (2002 Mail-Back): B2015 | | In the mail-back survey, some respondents reported both an | "in labor force" status and a "not in labor force" status. | The "not in labor force" status was "Student, In School, | In Vocational Training", coupled with one of the five | "in labor force" possibilities. When this occurred, the | "in labor force" status was coded. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GERMANY (2002 Mail-Back): B2015 | | There are several cases where respondents who were not | identified as "married or living together as married" in | variable B2004 answered the spouse items. The data remain | unchanged. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GERMANY (2002 Telephone): B2015 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 01. Employed - full-time | 02. Employed - half-time | 03. Employed - less than half time | 05. Unemployed | 06. Education/vocational training | Temporarily unemployed, not working, | unemployed: Student, in school | 07. Temporarily unemployed, not working, | unemployed: Retired | 08. Temporarily unemployed, not working, | unemployed: Housewife, home duties | 09. Temporarily unemployed, not working, | unemployed: Permanently disabled | 10. Temporarily unemployed, not working, | unemployed: Military Service/ | Civil Service | Temporarily unemployed, not working, | unemployed: Others not in labor force | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GREAT BRITAIN (2005): B2015 | | For the spouse employment status, the Great Britain survey | employed a pre-determined threshold of 30 hours to distinguish | among full time/part time jobs. No information is available | if spouse worked less than 15 hours a week. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HONG KONG (2004): B2015 | | There are six cases where respondents who were not identified as | "married or living together as married" in variable B2004 | answered the spouse items. The data remain unchanged. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ISRAEL (2003): B2015 | | There are 10 cases not categorized as "Married or living | together as married" in B2004 who answered the spouse current | employment status question (B2015). These data remain unchanged. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - JAPAN (2004): B2015 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 01. Employed - full-time | 02. Employed - half-time | 03. Employed - less than half time | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NETHERLANDS (2002): B2015 | | The following describes the collaborator's construction | of this variable: | "These answers have been constructed out of 3 questions | coming from the Dutch Parliamentary Election Study. These | question are: | 1. 'Could you indicate what your partners daily activities | are or which situation applies to your partner?' 1) I am | currently employed, 2) I was employed but not anymore, and | 3) I have never been employed. | 2. How many hours does your partner work on average per | week, not counting unpaid hours? | 3. Your partner was employed, but are no longer. Is that | because of permanent disability or is your partner unfit | to work, unemployed or being job-seeking, retirement, | living off investments, housekeeping, care for children | or is there another reason? | In the Dutch case the reason why respondent never worked | hasn't been asked. These are all put in category 10, | 'others, not in labor force'." | | There are some cases not categorized as "Married or | living together as married" in B2004 who answered | the spouse current - employment status question (B2015). | These data remain unchanged. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NEW ZEALAND (2002): B2015 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 01. Working full-time for pay or other income | (32 hours or more a week) | 02. Working part-time for pay or other income | (less than 32 hours a week) | 05. Unemployed, laid off, looking for work | 06. At school, university or other educational | institution | 07. Retired | 08. Unpaid work within the home | 09. Temporarily or permanently disabled, unable | to work | 10. Unpaid work outside the home | | The question format used allowed for multiple responses. | These have been handled in the following way: | | Multiple Response CSES B1009 | Categories Code | 02, 07, 08, 10 02 2129 | 01, 02, 05 01 2388 | 01, 08, 10 01 3607 | 02, 08, 09 02 417 | 07, 08, 09 07 2837 | 07, 08, 10 07 1323, 1936, 3090, 4403 | 01, 02 01 3966 | 01, 07 01 3534 | 01, 06 01 2269, 3202 | 01, 08 01 828, 909, 3485, 4339 | 01, 09 01 4171 | 01, 10 01 905 | 02, 05 02 3340 | 02, 06 02 226, 1789, 2084, 2416, | 3057, 3552 | 02, 07 02 3716, 3836, 3960 | 02, 08 02 71, 503, 623, 1675, 2857, | 3017, 3270, 4448 | 02, 10 02 3051 | 06, 08 06 3603 | 07, 08 07 2710, 3035 | 07, 09 07 2828, 3812 | 08, 09 08 2086 | 08, 10 08 174, 3991, 4214, 4377, 4435 | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PHILIPPINES (2004): B2015 | | Code "1. Employed" includes all three CSES employed categories | (i.e. "full time", "part time", and "less than 15 hours") | | There are some respondents who did not identify as married or | living together as married who answered this spouse item: 2 who | identified as widowed; 1 who identified as divorced or | separated; and 2 who identified as single, never married. | Additionally, 21 respondents who identified as married or living | together as married did not answer this question. The data | remain unchanged. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SLOVENIA (2004): B2015 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 01. Employed full time (36 hours or more per week) | Self-employed (farmer, craftsman, free-lance) | 02. Employed part time (10 to 35 hours per week) | 03. Employed less than 10 hours per week/ | temporarily out of work | 04. Helping family member | 05. Unemployed with financial support | Unemployed without financial support | 06. In vocational training | Student/in school | 07. Retired with additional employment | Retired without additional employment | 08. Housewife, house duties | 09. Permanently disabled | 10. Others not in labor force | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SOUTH KOREA (2004): B2015 | | There are eight respondents who refused to answer the | marital status item but answered this item about spouse | current employment status. These data remain unchanged. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SPAIN (2004): B2015 | | There are 3 cases where respondents who were identified as | "widowed" in variable B2004 answered the spouse items. The data | remain unchanged. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWITZERLAND (2003): B2015 | | Some of the categories are slightly differently defined in the | Swiss survey. | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 04. Employed - Full Time (40 hours or more) | 05. Employed - Part Time (5-39 hours) | 06. [Not asked] | | There are some cases not categorized as "Married or living | together as married" in B2004 who answered the spouse current | employment status question (B2015). These data remain unchanged. | | Also, see election study note for B2004. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - TAIWAN (2004): B2015 | | There are several cases where respondents who were not | identified as "married or living together as married" in | variable B2004 answered the spouse employment status | question. The data remain unchanged. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - UNITED STATES (2004): B2015 | | Created on the basis of the original variable, V043289a, | "Spouse/partner working status 2" | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 01. Working now | 02. [NO EQUIVALENT] | 03. [NO EQUIVALENT] | 04. [NO EQUIVALENT] | 05. Temporarily laid off/Unemployed | 06. Student | 07. Retired | 08. Homemaker | 09. Permanently disabled | 10. [NO EQUIVALENT] --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B2016 >>> SPOUSE: OCCUPATION --------------------------------------------------------------------------- D16. Spouse's occupation. .................................................................. ARMED FORCES 01. ARMED FORCES. LEGISLATORS, SENIOR OFFICIALS, AND MANAGERS 11. LEGISLATORS AND SENIOR OFFICIALS 12. CORPORATE MANAGERS 13. GENERAL MANAGERS PROFESSIONALS 21. PHYSICAL, MATHEMATICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCE 22. LIFE SCIENCE AND HEALTH PROFESSIONALS 23. TEACHING PROFESSIONALS 24. OTHER PROFESSIONALS TECHNICIANS AND ASSOCIATED PROFESSIONALS 31. PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCE ASSOCIATE PROFESSIONALS 32. LIFE SCIENCE AND HEALTH ASSOCIATE PROFESSIONALS 33. TEACHING ASSOCIATE PROFESSIONALS 34. OTHER ASSOCIATE PROFESSIONALS CLERKS 41. OFFICE CLERKS 42. CUSTOMER SERVICES CLERKS 43. ADMINISTRATION OF CHARITABLE OR NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS SERVICES WORKERS AND SHOP AND MARKET SALES WORKERS 51. PERSONAL AND PROTECTIVE SERVICE WORKERS 52. MODELS, SALES PERSONS AND DEMONSTRATORS 53. TRADE, CONSUMER SERVICES SKILLED AGRICULTURAL AND FISHERY WORKERS 61. MARKET-ORIENTED SKILLED AGRICULTURAL AND FISHERY WORKERS 62. SUBSISTENCE AGRICULTURAL AND FISHERY WORKERS CRAFT AND RELATED TRADE WORKERS 71. EXTRACTION AND BUILDING TRADE WORKERS 72. METAL, MACHINERY AND RELATED TRADE WORKERS 73. PRECISION, HANDICRAFT, PRINTING AND RELATED TRADE WORKERS 74. OTHER CRAFT AND RELATED TRADES WORKERS PLANT AND MACHINE OPERATORS AND ASSEMBLERS 81. STATIONARY-PLANT AND RELATED OPERATORS 82. MACHINE OPERATORS AND ASSEMBLERS 83. DRIVERS AND MOBILE-PLANT OPERATORS 84. OTHER PLANT AND MACHINE OPERATORS AND ASSEMBLERS ELEMENTARY OCCUPATIONS 91. SALES AND SERVICES ELEMENTARY OCCUPATIONS 92. AGRICULTURAL, FISHERY AND RELATED LABORERS 93. LABORERS IN MINING, CONSTRUCTION, MANUFACTURING AND TRANSPORT 94. OTHER POSITIONS IN ELEMENTARY OCCUPATIONS 96. OTHER OR NON-CLASSIFIABLE OCCUPATIONS (NOT ENOUGH INFORMATION AVAILABLE TO CLASSIFY) 10. [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 20. [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 30. [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 40. [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 50. [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 60. [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 70. [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 80. [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 90. [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 97. REFUSED 98. DON'T KNOW 99. MISSING | NOTES: B2016 | | See also notes for variable B2015. | | (1) This variable reports the respondent's spouse's main | occupation; that is, the job at which the respondent's | spouse spends the most time. In cases where the respondent's | spouse holds two jobs, and spends an equal amount of time on | the two jobs, it reports the job for which the respondent's | spouse earns the most money. | For spouses who are currently employed, this variable | reports their current occupation. For spouses who are retired | or not currently working, this variable reports the spouse's | last occupation. | | (2) Coding conventions employ the first two-digits of 1988 | ISCO/ILO International Standard Classification of | Occupations Code from the International Labor Office, CH-1211, | Geneva 22, Switzerland. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - AUSTRALIA (2004): B2016 | | This variable used the same recode as B2011. | There are several cases where respondents who were not | identified as "married or living together as married" in | variable B2004 but answered the spouse occupation question. | The data remain unchanged. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CZECH REPUBLIC (2002): B2016 | | The corresponding variable from the deposited Czech data | records only the more general occupation categories. The | following codes are unique for the Czech data file: | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 10. Legislators, Senior Officials, and Managers | 20. Professionals | 30. Technicians and Associated Professionals | 40. Clerks | 50. Services Workers and Shop and Market Sales | Workers | 60. Skilled Agricultural and Fishery Workers | 70. Craft and Related Trade Workers | 80. Plant and Machine Operators and Assemblers | 90. Elementary Occupations | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - FINLAND (2003): B2016 | | There are 3 cases not categorized as "Married or living | together as married" in B2004 who answered this item. | These data remain unchanged. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HONG KONG (2004): B2016 | | There are several cases where respondents who were not | identified as "married or living together as married" in | variable B2004 answered the spouse items. The data remain | unchanged. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ISRAEL (2003): B2016 | | There are 7 cases not categorized as "Married or living | together as married" in B2004 who answered this item. | These data remain unchanged. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - JAPAN (2004): B2016 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 90. No occupation | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - MEXICO (2003): B2016 | | There are 4 cases not categorized as "Married or living | together as married" in B2004 who answered this item. | These data remain unchanged. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NETHERLANDS (2002): B2016 | | There are few cases not categorized as "Married or living | together as married" in B2004 who answered this item. | These data remain unchanged. See election study note for B2004. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NORWAY (2001): B2016 | | Unlike the respondent occupation item (see Election Study | Note for Norway: B2011), this variable, Spouse Occupation, | reports spouse's occupation for those who are employed, | unemployed, and retired. | | In addition, please note that code 11 includes the | additional category of "manager": | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 11. Legislators, Senior Officials, and Manager | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PHILIPPINES (2004): B2016 | | Respondents who provided a valid response to B2015 were | asked the subsequent spouse occupation and employment | items. Please see the note for B2015. | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 10. Government Elected Officials | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PORTUGAL (2005): B2016 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 99. Refused/No occupation | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ROMANIA (2004): B2016 | | The corresponding variable from the deposited Romanian data | records only the more general occupation categories. The | following codes are unique for the Romanian data set: | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 10. Legislators, Senior Officials, And Managers | 20. Professionals | 30. Technicians And Associated Professionals | 40. Clerks | 50. Services Workers And Shop And Market Sales | Workers | 60. Skilled Agricultural And Fishery Workers | 70. Craft And Related Trade Workers | 80. Plant And Machine Operators And Assemblers | 90. Elementary Occupations | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SLOVENIA (2004): B2016 | | In the Slovenian survey the use of B2016 was not restricted to | currently active individuals. Instead this variable was asked | for present or past occupation and labor. Thus, all respondents | responded to this question, not just people that are actively | in the labor market. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SOUTH KOREA (2004): B2016 | | There are five respondents who refused to answer the marital | status item who answered this item. These data remain unchanged. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SPAIN (2004): B2016 | | There are 5 cases where respondents who were identified as | "widowed" in variable B2004 answered this item. The data remain | unchanged. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWITZERLAND (2003): B2016 | | The Swiss survey had an additional category: "10. | Legislators, Senior officials and managers", in addition | to the standard CSES category: "11. Legislators and Senior | officials". The two categories were merged into the latter | CSES category ("11."). | | There are few respondents who did not identify as "Married | or living together as married" in B2004 who answered this | item. These data remain unchanged. See election study note for | B2004. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B2017 >>> SPOUSE: SOCIO ECONOMIC STATUS --------------------------------------------------------------------------- D17. Spouse's socio economic status. .................................................................. 1. WHITE COLLAR 2. WORKER 3. FARMER 4. SELF-EMPLOYED 5. [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 6. [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 7. REFUSED 8. DON'T KNOW 9. MISSING | NOTES: B2017 | | The categories are intended to distinguish among the | following groups: | | 1. White Collar: | Broad occupational grouping of workers engaged in non-manual | labor: Managers, salaried professionals, office workers, | sales personnel, and proprietors are generally included in | the category. | | 2. Worker: | Broad occupational grouping of workers engaged in manual labor. | | 3. Farmer: | Normally persons self-employed in farming. | | 4. Self-Employed: | Self-employed occupations of all kinds, excluding self-employed | farming. Included, for example, entrepreneurs, shopkeeper, | professionals, such as lawyers, medical doctors etc. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - AUSTRALIA (2004): B2017 | | This variable used the same recode as B2012. There are several | cases where respondents who were not identified as "married or | living together as married" in variable B2004 but answered the | spouse socio economic status question. The data remain unchanged. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BRAZIL (2002): B2017 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 5. Student in vocational training | 6. Helping family member | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GERMANY (2002 Mail-Back): B2017 | | There are cases where respondents who did not identify | as "married or living together as married" in variable | B2004 answered the spouse items. The data remain | unchanged. | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. White collar | Public servant | 2. Worker | 3. Farmer | 4. Self-employed professional | Self-employed entrepreneur | 5. In education | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GERMANY (2002 Telephone): B2017 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. White collar | Public servant | 2. Worker | 3. Farmer | 4. Self-employed professional | Self-employed entrepreneur | 5. Family-helping employed | 6. In education | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GREAT BRITAIN (2005): B2017 | | This variable used the same recode as B2012. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HONG KONG (2004): B2017 | | There are two cases where respondents who were not identified as | "married or living together as married" in variable B2004 | answered the spouse items. The data remain unchanged. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ISRAEL (2003): B2017 | | There are 61 respondent who did not identify as "Married or | living together as married" in B2004 who answered the spouse | socio-economic status question (B2017). Of these, 54 respondents | responded, "9. Refused" in B2017. These data remain unchanged. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - JAPAN (2004): B2017 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 5. Not in labor force | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - MEXICO (2003): B2017 | | There are 4 respondents who did not identify as "Married | or living together as married" in B2004 who answered this | item. These data remain unchanged. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NETHERLANDS (2002): B2017 | | There are cases where respondents who did not identify as | "married or living together as married" in variable B2004 | answered the spouse items. The data remain unchanged. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NEW ZEALAND (2002): B2017 | | Response categories 1-3 were created from B2016. | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. 11-42, 52, 91. | 2. 51, 71-83, 92-93. | 3. 61-62. | 5. Armed forces | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PHILIPPINES (2004): B2017 | | Respondents who provided a valid response to B2015 were asked | the subsequent spouse occupation and employment items. Please | see the note for B2015. | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 5. Other | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PORTUGAL (2002): B2017 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 5. Armed forces | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SOUTH KOREA (2004): B2017 | | There are 4 respondents who refused to answer the question | about marital status who answered question this item. | These data remain unchanged. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SPAIN (2004): B2017 | | There are 4 cases where respondents who identified as "widowed" | in B2004 answered this item. The data remain unchanged. | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 5. Housewife | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWEDEN (2002): B2017 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 8. Volunteered: don't know/refused --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B2018 >>> SPOUSE: EMPLOYMENT TYPE - PUBLIC OR PRIVATE --------------------------------------------------------------------------- D18. Whether spouse's employment is private or public. .................................................................. 1. PUBLIC SECTOR 2. PRIVATE SECTOR 3. MIXED 4. "THIRD SECTOR"/NON-PROFIT SECTOR 5. [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 6. [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 7. REFUSED 8. DON'T KNOW 9. MISSING | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ALBANIA (2005): B2018 | | There are 22 respondents who did not identify in B2004 as | "Married or living together as married" and then subsequently | answered the spouse employment type question. These data remain | unchanged. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - AUSTRALIA (2004): B2018 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 2. Employee in private company or business | 1. Employee of Federal/State/Local Government | 5. Self-employed | 6. Employee in family business or farm | | There are several cases where respondents who were not | identified as "married or living together as married" in | variable B2004 who answered this item. The data remain | unchanged. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BRAZIL (2002): B2018 | | There is one respondent who did not identify as "Married | or living together as married" in B2004 who answered the | spouse - employment type question. These data remain | unchanged. | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 5. Self-employed | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BULGARIA (2001): B2018 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. State-owned/Municipal | 2. Private Bulgarian | Foreign Participation or a 100% foreign | company | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GERMANY (2002 Mail-Back): B2018 | | There are cases where respondents who did not identify | as "married or living together as married" in variable | B2004 answered the spouse items. The data remain | unchanged. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GERMANY (2002 Telephone): B2018 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. Public service | 2. Agriculture/forestry | Energy/mining | Manufacturing | Construction | Trade | Transportation | Banking and Insurance | Other services | 3. Public enterprises | 4. Non-profit enterprises | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HONG KONG (2004): B2018 | | There are two cases where respondents who did not | identify as "married or living together as married" | in variable B2004 answered the spouse items. The | data remain unchanged. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ISRAEL (2003): B2018 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 5. Labor/Union | | There are 61 respondents who did not identify as "Married | or living together as married" in B2004 who answered the | spouse - employment type question (B2018). Of these, 54 | respondents responded "9. Refused" in B2018. These data | remain unchanged. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - JAPAN (2004): B2018 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 5. Other | 6. Not in labor force | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - MEXICO (2003): B2018 | | There are four respondents who did not identify as "Married | or living together as married" in B2004 who answered the | spouse - employment type question. These data remain | unchanged. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NETHERLANDS (2002): B2018 | | The Dutch survey did not record CSES categories "3. Mixed" and | "4. Third Sector/Non-Profit Sector." The original question | asked: "Is your partner working in public service, on a | pay-roll, self-employed or what? If partner has more than one | occupation, then the questions should relate to the position | involving the most hours. Temporary jobs via a temporary | organization are coded as 'employed elsewhere'." | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. Public service | 2. On a payroll/Employed elsewhere | 5. Self-employed | 6. Other | | There are cases where respondents who did not identify | as "married or living together as married" in variable | B2004 answered the spouse items. The data remain | unchanged. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NEW ZEALAND (2002): B2018 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. A state or public agency or enterprise, | central or local | 2. He/she is/was self-employed | A private company or business | 3. A mixed public/private or non-profit | organization | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PHILIPPINES (2004): B2018 | | Respondents who provided a valid response to B2015 were asked | the subsequent spouse occupation and employment items. Please | see the election study note for B2015. | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. Public Sector | 2. Private Sector/Self-Employed | 3. Mixed | 4. Non-profit Sector | 5. Unpaid Family Worker/Others | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PORTUGAL (2005): B2018 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 5. Self-employed | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ROMANIA (2004): B2018 | | There are several cases who did not identify as "Married | or living together as married" in B2004 who then answered the | spouse - employment type question. These data remain | unchanged. | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. Public sector | 2. Private Sector + Non-Profit Sector | 3. Mixed | 5. Self-employed | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SLOVENIA (2004): B2018 | | Respondents were asked: "Do you work (did work) in private | or public sector? I work(ed)..." | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. For state/city administration, army, police | 2. For private owned firm | 3. For public establishment (health, education) | For public enterprise (electrician, traffic, | etc.) | For publicly owned firm | Agricultural cooperative, combine | 5. Farmer | Self employed | | In the Slovenian survey the use of B2018 was not restricted to | currently active individuals. Instead this variable was asked | for present or past occupation and labor. Thus, all respondents | responded to this question, not just people that are actively | in the labor market. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SOUTH KOREA (2004): B2018 | | There are two respondents who refused to answer the marital | status item who answered the question about spouse employment | type. These data remain unchanged. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SPAIN (2004): B2018 | | There are 5 cases where respondents who were identified as | "widowed" in B2004 answered the spouse item B2018. The data | remain unchanged. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWITZERLAND (2003): B2018 | | The Swiss survey did not contain the category "4. 'Third | Sector'/Non-Profit sector". Documentation provided stated | that it is "not possible to distinguish between private | and third sector in the Swiss survey data." In addition, | it was "not possible to distinguish between Refused (7) | and missing (9) categories - (all 14 respondents who | refused to answer were coded "9. Missing". | | There are a few respondents who did not identify as | "Married or living together as married" in B2004 who | answered the spouse - employment type question. These | data remain unchanged. | | See election study note for B2004. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - TAIWAN (2004): B2018 | | Current occupation of respondent's spouse was asked only | when the respondent does unpaid work at home. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B2019 >>> SPOUSE: INDUSTRIAL SECTOR --------------------------------------------------------------------------- D19. Industrial sector of spouse's employment. .................................................................. 1. PRIMARY SECTOR: AGRICULTURAL, FORESTRY, FISHERIES 2. SECONDARY SECTOR: INDUSTRY: MINING, CONSTRUCTION MANUFACTURING 3. TERTIARY SECTOR: TRANSPORTATION, COMMUNICATION AND OTHER PUBLIC UTILITIES, WHOLESALE TRADE, RETAIL TRADE, PERSONAL SERVICES, FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE BUSINESS, AND REPAIR SERVICES, ENTERTAINMENT AND REPAIR SERVICES, PROFESSIONAL AND RELATED SERVICES, PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION ACTIVE MILITARY DUTY 4. OTHER 7. REFUSED 8. DON'T KNOW 9. MISSING | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BULGARIA (2001): B2019 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. Agriculture | 2. Manufacture | Construction | 3. Trade | Service/Tourism | Education | Health care | Transportation | Science, culture, arts, media | Army, police, security | 4. Other | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - FRANCE (2003): B2019 | | Only those originally categorized as "Married" were asked this | question; those categorized as "Living together as married" were | not. See election study note for B2004. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GERMANY (2002 Telephone): B2019 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. Agriculture/Forestry | 2. Energy/mining | Manufacturing | Construction | 3. Trade | Transportation | Banking and insurance | Other services | 4. Public services | Public enterprises | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HONG KONG (2004): B2019 | | There are two cases where respondents who were not identified as | "married or living together as married" in variable B2004 | answered the spouse items. The data remain unchanged. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ISRAEL (2003): B2019 | | There are 61 cases not categorized as "Married or living | together as married" in B2004 who answered the spouse - | industrial sector question (B2019), and 54 of them were | categorized as "9. Refused" in B2019. These data remain | unchanged. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - MEXICO (2003): B2019 | | There are four respondents who did not identify as "Married | or living together as married" in B2004 who answered this | item. These data remain unchanged. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NETHERLANDS (2002): B2019 | | There is a number of cases where respondents who were identified | as "widowed" in B2004 answered the spouse item B2019. The data | remain unchanged. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NEW ZEALAND (2002): B2019 | | This question was asked as an open-ended item, and coded into | the following response categories: | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing | 2. Mining | Manufacturing | Construction | 3. Electricity, gas and water supply | Wholesale trade | Retail trade | Accommodations, cafes and restaurants | Transport and storage | Communication services | Finance and insurance | Property and business services | Government Administration and defense | Education | Health and community services | Cultural and recreational services | Personal and other services | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PHILIPPINES (2004): B2019 | | Respondents who provided a valid response to B2015 were asked | the subsequent spouse occupation and employment items. Please | see the note for B2015. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ROMANIA (2004): B2019 | | There are several cases that did not identify as "Married or | living together as married" in B2004 who then answered the | spouse employment type question. These data remain unchanged. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SLOVENIA (2004): B2019 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | | 1. Agriculture, Hunting and Forestry, Fishing | 2. Mining and Quarrying, Manufacturing | Electricity, Gas and Water Supply, | Construction | 3. Wholesale and Retail, Repair Motor Vehicles, | Personal and Household Goods | Transport, Storage and Communication | Financial Intermediation | Real Estate, Renting and Business Activities | Public Administration and Defense, | Compulsory Social Security, Education | Health and Social Work, Other Community, | Social and Personal Service Activities | 4. Private Households with Employed Persons | Extra-Territorial Organizations and Bodies | | In the Slovenian survey the use of B2019 was not restricted to | currently active individuals. Instead this variable was asked | for present or past occupation and labor. Thus, all respondents | responded to this question, not just people that are actively | in the labor market. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SOUTH KOREA (2004): B2019 | | There are three respondents who refused to answer the marital | status item who answered the question about spouse industrial | sector. These data remain unchanged. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SPAIN (2004): B2019 | | There are sixteen cases where respondents who were identified as | "widowed" in B2004 answered the spouse item B2019. The data | remain unchanged. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B2020 >>> HOUSEHOLD INCOME --------------------------------------------------------------------------- D20. Household income quintile appropriate to the respondent. .................................................................. 1. LOWEST HOUSEHOLD INCOME QUINTILE 2. SECOND HOUSEHOLD INCOME QUINTILE 3. THIRD HOUSEHOLD INCOME QUINTILE 4. FOURTH HOUSEHOLD INCOME QUINTILE 5. HIGHEST HOUSEHOLD INCOME QUINTILE 6. [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 7. REFUSED 8. DON'T KNOW 9. MISSING | NOTES: B2020 | | Income ranges shown are as originally reported by collaborators, | including gaps between contiguous sets of ranges. | | In some instances, deposited income data were not grouped into | income categories or quintiles. For these cases, the data have | been coded into quintiles, according to sample proportions (and | not national statistics). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ALBANIA (2005): B2020 | | This variable was derived from original question "D26. Taking | everything together, with pensions, social benefits, salaries, | profit, and all other income from selling products, money sent | from abroad, and so forth, how much is the total income of your | household in a month after taxes?" | | Responses were recoded in New Leks. | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. Less than 10,000 New Leks per year | 2. 10,000 - 14,000 New Leks per year | 3. 15,000 - 24,500 New Leks per year | 4. 25,000 - 38,000 New Leks per year | 5. 40,000 - 400,000 New Leks per year | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - AUSTRALIA (2004): B2020 | | This variable was derived from original variable i18. | Respondents were asked (Questionnaire, p.26): "What is the gross | annual income, before tax or other deductions, for you and your | family living with you from all sources? Please include any | pensions and allowances, and income from interest or dividends". | | Respondents were offered a choice of 16 income categories: | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. Less than $5,000 per year | $5,001 to $10,000 per year | $10,001 to $15,000 per year | $15,001 to $20,000 per year | 2. $20,001 to $25,000 per year | $25,001 to $30,000 per year | $30,001 to $35,000 per year | $35,001 to $40,000 per year | 3. $40,001 to $45,000 per year | $45,001 to $50,000 per year | $50,001 to $60,000 per year | 4. $60,001 to $70,000 per year | $70,001 to $80,000 per year | $80,001 to $90,000 per year | 5. $90,001 to $100,000 per year | More than $100,000 per year | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BRAZIL (2002): B2020 | | Quintile ranges not provided. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BULGARIA (2001): B2020 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | (Monthly Household Income) | 1. Less than 120 | 2. 120-196 | 3. 197-285 | 4. 286-390 | 5. More than 390 | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CANADA (2004): B2020 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. Less than $20,000 | $20,000-$29,999 | 2. $30,000-$39,999 | $40,000-$49,999 | 3. $50,000-$59,999 | $60,000-$69,999 | 4. $70,000-$79,999 | $80,000-$89,999 | 5. $90,000-$99,999 | More than $100,000 | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CHILE (2005): B2020 | | The income quintiles correspond roughly to the specified | distribution of the 2003 Socioeconomic Characterization Survey | (CASEN) (http://www.mideplan.cl/casen/): | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. Less than $112,000 Pesos | 2. $112,000-$180,000 Pesos | $180,001-$250,000 Pesos | 3. $250,001-$400,000 Pesos | 4. $400,001-$800,000 Pesos | $800,001-$1,000,000 Pesos | 5. $1,000,001-$1,500,000 Pesos | $1,500,001-$2,000,000 Pesos | $2,000,001-$3,000,000 Pesos | More than $3,000,000 Pesos | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CZECH REPUBLIC (2002): B2020 | | Quintile ranges not provided. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - DENMARK (2001): B2020 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. Below 75,000 Kroner | 75,000-99,999 Kroner | 100,000-124,999 Kroner | 125,000-149,999 Kroner | 150,000-174,999 Kroner | 2. 175,000-199,999 Kroner | 200,000-249,999 Kroner | 250,000-299,999 Kroner | 3. 300,000-349,999 Kroner | 350,000-399,999 Kroner | 400,000-449,999 Kroner | 4. 450,000-499,999 Kroner | 500,000-599,999 Kroner | 5. 600,000-699,999 Kroner | 700,000-799,999 Kroner | 800,000-999,999 Kroner | 1,000,000 Kroner and above | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - FINLAND (2003): B2020 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. Less 10,000 Euro per year | 2. 10,001-15,000 Euro per year | 15,001-20,000 Euro per year | 3. 20,001-25,000 Euro per year | 25,001-30,000 Euro per year | 4. 30,001-35,000 Euro per year | 35,001-40,000 Euro per year | 40,001-45,000 Euro per year | 5. 45,001-50,000 Euro per year | 50,001-55,000 Euro per year | 55,001-85,000 Euro per year | More than 85,000 Euro per year | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - FRANCE (2002): B2020 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. 2,000 or less | 2,001- 3,000 | 3,001- 5,000 | 5,001- 7,500 | 2. 7,501-10,000 | 3. 10,001-15,000 | 4. 15,001-20,000 | 5. 20,001-30,000 | 30,001-40,000 | 40,001-50,000 | 50,001 or more | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GERMANY (2002 Mail-Back): B2020 | | This variable is recoded from a question asking respondents to | identify an income class. The income range for each quintile is | reported here: | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. 1,499 Euro or Less | 2. 1,500 - 1,999 Euro | 3. 2,000 - 2,999 Euro | 4. 3,000 - 3,999 Euro | 5. 5,000 Euro or more | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GERMANY (2002 Telephone): B2020 | | This question was asked in two stages: Those respondents who did | not identify an income level initially were presented with | income categories from which to choose. As indicated in the | table below, both question formats were used to create the | income quintiles reported in the data (the categorical response | format is denoted 'C:'). | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. 150-1280 | C: Less than 500 | C: 500-499 | C: 1,000-1,499 | 2. 1,281-1,850 | C: 1,500-1,999 | 3. 1,851-2,450 | C: 2,000-2,999 | 4. 2,451-3,400 | C: 3,000-3,999 | 5. 3,401-19,000 | C: 4,000-4,999 | C: 5,000 or more | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GREAT BRITAIN (2005): B2020 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. <=9,999£ | 2. 10,000£-17,999£ | 3. 18,000£-25,999£ | 4. 26,000£-43,999£ | 5. 44,000£+ | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HONG KONG (2004): B2020 | | The following table shows conversion of the original | categories into approximate income quintiles: | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. 01. No income | 02. 3,999 or below | 03. 4,000 - 5,999 | 2. 04. 6,000 - 7,999 | 05. 8,000 - 9,999 | 3. 06. 10,000 - 14,999 | 4. 07. 15,000 - 19,999 | 08. 20,000 - 24,999 | 5. 09. 25,000 - 29,999 | 10. 30,000 - 39,999 | 11. 40,000 - 59,999 | 12. 60,000 or above | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HUNGARY (2002): B2020 | | Net monthly family income. | | All values are in Hungarian Forints. | | Minimum Maximum | CSES Code Value Value | 1. 12,000 49,800 | 2. 50,000 75,000 | 3. 75,200 101,800 | 4. 102,000 142,000 | 5. 142,400 930,000 | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ICELAND (2003): B2020 | | Quintile ranges not provided. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - IRELAND (2002): B2020 | | This item was asked in a branched format: Respondents were asked | to identify a broad income category (denoted below), and then | were asked to identify a more narrow category from within that | broad category. | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. Under 240: Under 100 | Under 240: 100-150 | Under 240: 151-200 | Under 240: 201-240 | Under 240 | 241-450: 241-280 | 2. 241-450: 281-350 | 241-450: 351-400 | 3. 241-450: 401-450 | 241-450 | 451-700: 451-500 | 451-700: 501-570 | 4. 451-700: 571-630 | 451-700: 631-700 | 451-700 | 701 or more: 701-825 | 5. 701 or more: 826-950 | 701 or more: 951-1,200 | 701 or more: 1,201 or more | 701 or more | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ISRAEL (2003): B2020 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. 0 - 4,300 NIS | 2. 4,301 - 6,000 NIS | 3. 6,001 - 8,000 NIS | 4. 8,001 - 11,000 NIS | 5. 11,001 or more NIS | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ITALY (2006): B2020 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. 0-386 Euro (up to 750.000 Lire) | 387-645 Euro (approximately 1 million Lire) | 646-903 Euro (approximately 1.5 million Lire) | 904-1,161 Euro (approximately 2 million Lire) | 2. 1,162-1,419 Euro (approximately 2.5 million Lire) | 1,420-1,677 Euro (approximately 3 million Lire) | 3. 1,678-1,935 Euro (approximately 3.5 million Lire) | 1,936-2,193 Euro (approximately 4 million Lire) | 4. 2,194-2,452 Euro (approximately 4.5 million Lire) | 5. 2,453-3,872 Euro (approximately 5-7 million Lire) | 3,873-5,163 Euro (approximately 8-9 million Lire) | 5,164+ Euro - (10,001,000 Lire or more) | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - JAPAN (2004): B2020 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. Less than 3 million Yen | 2. Between 3 and 4 million Yen | 3. Between 4 and 6 million Yen | 4. Between 6 and 8 million Yen | 5. More than 8 million Yen | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - MEXICO (2003): B2020 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. 200 - 1,500 Mexican pesos | 2. 1,500 - 2,400 Mexican pesos | 3. 2,500 - 3,900 Mexican pesos | 4. 4,000 - 6,000 Mexican pesos | 5. 6,200 - 100,000 Mexican pesos | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NETHERLANDS (2002): B2020 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 01. Less than 20,500 Euro/year | 02. 20,500 - 28,500 Euro/year | 03. 28,500 - 34,000 Euro/year | 04. 34,000 - 56,000 Euro/year | 05. More than 56,000 Euro/year | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NEW ZEALAND (2002): B2020 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. No income | Less than 14,900 | 2. 14,900 - 32,399 | 3. 32,400 - 51,099 | 4. 51,100 - 101,099 | 5. Over 101,100 | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NORWAY (2001): B2020 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. 0 - 190,000 Norwegian Kroner | 2. 191,000 - 300,000 Norwegian Kroner | 3. 301,000 - 450,000 Norwegian Kroner | 4. 451,000 - 570,000 Norwegian Kroner | 5. 571,000 or more Norwegian Kroner | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PERU (2006): B2020 | | This variable records the average household monthly income. | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. Min - 300 Soles | 2. 301 - 450 Soles | 3. 451 - 700 Soles | 4. 701 - 1200 Soles | 5. 1201 - Max Soles | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PHILIPPINES (2004): B2020 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. 0 - 2,000 Philippine Pesos | 2. 2,001 - 4,000 Philippine Pesos | 3. 4,001 - 6,000 Philippine Pesos | 4. 6,001 - 11,400 Philippine Pesos | 5. 11,401 Philippine Pesos or more | 6. No fixed income | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - POLAND (2001): B2020 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. 1 - 900 | 2. 901 - 1,300 | 3. 1,301 - 1,800 | 4. 1,801 - 2,500 | 5. 2,501 - 70,000 | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PORTUGAL (2002 and 2005): B2020 | | The income levels included here were adapted from those included | in other surveys, namely the ISSP (International Social Survey | Programme), carried out in Portugal in 1997 for the first time. | The lowest level shown is approximately the legal minimum | monthly salary in Portugal. | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. Less than 300 Euro | 2. 301 - 750 Euro | 3. 751 - 1,500 Euro | 4. 1,501 - 2,500 Euro | 5. More than 2,500 Euro | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ROMANIA (2004): B2020 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. under ROL 2,800,000 | 2. ROL 2,800,000 - ROL 4,700,000 | 3. ROL 4,700,000 - ROL 7,000,000 | 4. ROL 7,000,000 - ROL 11,000,000 | 5. over ROL 11,000,000 | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - RUSSIA (2004): B2020 | | Quintile ranges not provided. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SLOVENIA (2004): B2020 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. 30-140 | 2. 141-210 | 3. 211-290 | 4. 291-400 | 5. 401 or more | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SOUTH KOREA (2004): B2020 | | Quintile ranges not provided. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SPAIN (2004): B2020 | | Note that the income ranges below are as originally reported by | the collaborator and do not correspond to sample quintiles. | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. Up to 450 Euro | 2. 451 - 900 Euro | 3. 901 - 1,650 Euro | 4. 1,651 - 3,000 Euro | 5. 3,001 Euro or more | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWEDEN (2002): B2020 | | This variable is divided into five portions as 15-20-30-20-15. | The lowest quintile includes the lowest 15% of incomes, the | second quintile includes the next 20% of incomes and so on and | so forth. | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. 61,130 or less Swedish Kroner | 2. 61,131 - 142,218 Swedish Kroner | 3. 142,219 - 214,785 Swedish Kroner | 4. 214,786 - 290,802 Swedish Kroner | 5. 290,803 or more Swedish Kroner | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWITZERLAND (2003): B2020 | | Approximate categorization on the basis of the original | variable with eleven categories. | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. Less than 2,000 CHF - 4,000 CHF (20% of all | respondents) | 2. 4,001 CHF - 6,000 CHF (25%) | 3. 6,001 CHF - 8,000 CHF (22%) | 4. 8,001 CHF - 10,000 CHF (13%) | 5. 10,001 CHF - more than 12,000 CHF (18%) | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - TAIWAN (2001): B2020 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. under 38,000 TWD (NT$) | 2. 38,000- 56,000 TWD (NT$) | 3. 56,000- 75,000 TWD (NT$) | 4. 75,000- 103,000 TWD (NT$) | 5. over 103,000 TWD (NT$) | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - TAIWAN (2004): B2020 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. under 25,000 TWD (NT$) | 2. 25,001 - 36,000 TWD (NT$) | 36,001 - 45,000 TWD (NT$) | 3. 45,001 - 53,000 TWD (NT$) | 53,001 - 62,000 TWD (NT$) | 4. 62,001 - 71,000 TWD (NT$) | 71,001 - 83,000 TWD (NT$) | 83,001 - 100,000 TWD (NT$) | 5. 100,001 - 130,000 TWD (NT$) | over 130,000 TWD (NT$) | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - UNITED STATES (2004): B2020 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. 01. A. None or less than $2,999 | 02. B. $3,000 - $4,999 | 03. C. $5,000 - $6,999 | 04. D. $7,000 - $8,999 | 05. E. $9,000 - $10,999 | 06. F. $11,000 - $12,999 | 07. G. $13,000 - $14,999 | 08. H. $15,000 - $16,999 | 09. J. $17,000 - $19,999 | 2. 10. K. $20,000 - $21,999 | 11. M. $22,000 - $24,999 | 12. N. $25,000 - $29,999 | 13. P. $30,000 - $34,999 | 14. Q. $35,000 - $39,999 | 3. 15. R. $40,000 - $44,999 | 16. S. $45,000 - $49,999 | 17. T. $50,000 - $59,999 | 4. 18. U. $60,000 - $69,999 | 19. V. $70,000 - $79,999 | 20. W. $80,000 - $89,999 | 5. 21. X. $90,000 - $104,999 | 22. Y. $105,000 - $119,000 | 23. Z. $120,000 and over --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B2021 >>> NUMBER IN HOUSEHOLD --------------------------------------------------------------------------- D21. Exact number of persons in household - that is, the number of persons living together in the housing unit excluding paid employees and persons who pay for rent for a room. .................................................................. 01-90. NUMBER OF PERSONS 97. REFUSED 98. DON'T KNOW 99. MISSING | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CANADA (2004): B2021 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 08. Eight or more | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - DENMARK (2001): B2021 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 06. 6 persons or above | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NETHERLANDS (2002): B2021 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 09. Nine or more | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SPAIN (2004): B2021 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 09. Nine or more --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B2022 >>> NUMBER IN HOUSEHOLD UNDER AGE 18 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- D22. Number of persons in household under the age of 18. .................................................................. 00-90. NUMBER OF PERSONS 97. REFUSED 98. DON'T KNOW 99. MISSING | NOTES: B2022 | | Respondents occasionally answered B2022 with a number that | is greater than the number provided in B2021. These data have | not been changed. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ALBANIA (2005): B2022 | | In several cases B2022 is greater than or equal to the value of | B2021 in the deposited data. These data remain unchanged. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BRAZIL (2002): B2022 | | In several cases B2022 is greater or equal to the value of | B2021 in the deposited data. These data remain unchanged. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CANADA (2004): B2022 | | In several cases, B2022 is equal to the value of B2021 in | the deposited data. These data remain unchanged. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CZECH REPUBLIC (2002): B2022 | | In several cases B2022 is greater or equal to the value of | B2021 in the deposited data; these data remain unchanged. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - DENMARK (2001): B2022 | | This variable is constructed from two original variables; | one concerning the number of children age 0-5 years old, | and another one of children 6-17 years old. Both variables | had binary responses: "0" and "1+" (one or more). The | CSES recoded variable reports "0" of both original variables | coded "0", and "1" if at least one of the variables was | coded "1+". Thus, the resulting variable contains only two | values, "0" and "1", where the latter means "One or more". | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GREAT BRITAIN (2005): B2022 | | This variable was calculated as: | (Number in household - Number of adults in household) | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ICELAND (2003): B2022 | | In several cases B2022 is greater or equal to the value of | B2021 in the deposited data. These data remain unchanged. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ISRAEL (2003): B2022 | | In several cases B2022 is greater or equal to the value of | B2021 in the deposited data. These data remain unchanged. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ITALY (2006): B2022 | | In several cases B2022 is greater or equal to the value of | B2021 in the deposited data. These data remain unchanged. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - MEXICO (2003): B2022 | | In several cases B2022 is equal to the value of B2021 in | the deposited data. These data remain unchanged. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NETHERLANDS (2002): B2022 | | In the Dutch study only the composition of the household | of the respondent is asked, not the number of children | under 18. | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 0. 01. Single person household | 02. Single person, other(s) | 03. Couple, no children | 24. Couple, no children, other(s) | 1. 04. Couple, 1 child | 09. Single parent, 1 child | 14. Couple, 1 child, other(s) | 19. Single parent, 1 child, other(s) | 2. 05. Couple, 2 children | 10. Single parent, 2 children | 15. Couple, 2 children, other(s) | 3. 06. Couple, 3 children | 11. Single parent, 3 children | 4. 07. Couple, 4 children | 12. Single parent, 4 children | 5. 08. Couple, 5 or more children | 13. Single parent, 5 or more children | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PHILIPPINES (2004): B2022 | | In several cases, B2022 is equal to the value of B2021 | in the deposited data; these data remain unchanged. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SOUTH KOREA (2004): B2022 | | In several cases B2022 is greater or equal to the value | of B2021 in the deposited data. These data remain unchanged. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SPAIN (2004): B2022 | | In several cases B2022 is greater or equal to the value of | B2021 in the deposited data. These data remain unchanged. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWEDEN (2002): B2022 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 8. Volunteered: don't know/refused | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - TAIWAN (2001): B2022 | | In several cases B2022 is equal to the value of B2021 in | the deposited data. These data remain unchanged. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B2023 >>> RELIGIOUS SERVICES ATTENDANCE --------------------------------------------------------------------------- D23. Attendance at religious services. .................................................................. 1. NEVER 2. ONCE A YEAR 3. TWO TO ELEVEN TIMES A YEAR 4. ONCE A MONTH 5. TWO OR MORE TIMES A MONTH 6. ONCE A WEEK 7. REFUSED 8. DON'T KNOW 9. MISSING | NOTES: B2023 | | This variable is an optional variable in the CSES battery. As a | result, it was not carried in all of the studies. In some | studies, this item was included but with different response | categories. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - AUSTRALIA (2004): B2023 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. Never | 2. Once a year/less frequently | 3. Several times a year | 4. Once a month | 5. 2-3 times a month | 6. Several times a week/once a week | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BELGIUM (2003): B2023 | | The Belgian survey used categories which were labeled slightly | differently, though they generally correspond to the CSES | categories: | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. Never | 2. Very seldom | 3. A few times a year during Holy Days | (Christmas, Easter, others) | 4. Monthly | 5. A few times a month | 6. Weekly | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BRAZIL (2002): B2023 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. Never | 2. Few times a year | 4. One or two times a month | 6. Once a week/ | Several Times a week | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BULGARIA (2001): B2023 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 3. Less than once a month | 4. Once a month | 5. 2-3 times a month | 6. Once a week/2-3 times a week/ | Every day | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HUNGARY (2002) : B2023 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. Not at all | 2. Only on major religious holidays and | family events | 3. From time to time, i.e. several times | a year | 5. Several times a month | 6. Several times a week/ | Once a week | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - FRANCE (2002): B2023 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. Never | 2. Only for ceremonies and feasts | 3. From time to time, several times over | the year | 4. At least once per month | 6. Every Saturday or Sunday | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GERMANY (2002): B2023 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 6. Once a week/More than once a week | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GREAT BRITAIN (2005): B2023 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. Never or practically never; less often than once | a year. | 2. Less often but at least once a year | 3. Less often but at least twice a year | 4. Less often but at least once a month | 5. Less often but at least once in two weeks | 6. Once a week or more | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - IRELAND (2002): B2023 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. Never | 2. Once a year/Less frequently | 3. Several times a year | 4. Once a month | 5. 2 or 3 times a month | 6. Several times a week/Once a week | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ISRAEL (2003): B2023 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 6. Once a week/Several times a week/ | every day | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NETHERLANDS (2002): B2023 | | This question employed a 5-point scale: | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. (Almost) Never | 3. Several times a year | 4. Once a month | 5. 2-3 times a month | 6. At least once a week | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PHILIPPINES (2004): B2023 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. Never | 2. Once a year/less frequently | 3. Several times a year | 4. Once a month | 5. 2-3 times a month | 6. Several times a week/once a week | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PORTUGAL (2005): B2023 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 6. Once a week or more | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SLOVENIA (2004): B2023 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. Never | 2. Less frequently | Once a year | 3. Several times a year | 4. Once a month | 5. 2 or 3 times a month | 6. Once a week | Several times a week | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWEDEN (2002): B2023 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 8. Volunteered: don't know/refused | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWITZERLAND (2003): B2023 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. Never | 2. Once a year/Only for special occasion | 3. Several times a year | 4. Once a month/Twice a month | 6. Once a week/Several times a week | | Note: code 2 "only for special occasion" was an optional item, | applied only in case a respondent expressed a religious | confession. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - UNITED STATES (2004): B2023 | | This CSES variable is constructed from two survey items: | | "Do you ever attend religious services, apart from occasional | weddings, baptisms or funerals?" | | "Do you go to religious services every week, almost every | week, once or twice a month, a few times a year, or never?" | | CSES Code Election Study Category/Categories: | 1. Respondent answered no to the first item | 1. Never | 3. A few times a year | 4. Once or twice a month | 5. Almost every week | 6. Every week --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B2024 >>> RELIGIOSITY --------------------------------------------------------------------------- D24. Religiosity. .................................................................. 1. HAVE NO RELIGIOUS BELIEFS 2. NOT VERY RELIGIOUS 3. SOMEWHAT RELIGIOUS 4. VERY RELIGIOUS 7. REFUSED 8. DON'T KNOW 9. MISSING | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GREAT BRITAIN (2005): B2024 | | Rather than using the label "HAVE NO RELIGIOUS BELIEFS", the | survey response in the Great Britain (2005) study was "NOT AT | ALL RELIGIOUS". | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HUNGARY (2002): B2024 | | This variable is based on a recode of a country-specific | question that asked the respondents "Which of the statements | that you see on this card would describe you best?" The | response categories on the card were recoded into the CSES | codes the following way: | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. I have a different conviction, I am definitely | not religious | I am not religious | 2. I cannot tell whether I am religious or not | 3. I am religious in my own way | 4. I am religious, follow the teachings of the | church | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - RUSSIA (2004): B2024 | | The religiosity scale appeared in reverse order in the Russian | study (1 = Very Religious ... 4 = Have No Religious Beliefs). It | has been recoded to the CSES standard (1 = Have No Religious | Beliefs ... 4 = Very Religious). | | Additionally, the Russian study included a code for "Atheist" | which has been recoded to be included in the CSES code for | "Have No Religious Beliefs". | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWEDEN (2002): B2024 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 8. Volunteered: don't know/refused | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - UNITED STATES (2004): B2024 | | This CSES variable is constructed from two US items: | | "Do you consider religion to be an IMPORTANT part of your life, | or NOT?" | | "(If R says religion is important:) Would you say your | religion provides SOME guidance in your day-to-day living, | QUITE A BIT of guidance, or A GREAT DEAL of guidance in | your day-to-day life?" | | CSES Code Election Study Category/Categories: | 01. [Respondent answered no to the first item] | 02. Some guidance | 03. Quite a bit | 04. A great deal --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B2025 >>> RELIGIOUS DENOMINATION --------------------------------------------------------------------------- D25. Religious denomination. .................................................................. 01. ROMAN CATHOLIC PROTESTANT 02. PROTESTANT, NO DENOMINATION GIVEN 03. ADVENTIST 04. EPISCOPALIAN, ANGLICAN, CHURCH OF ENGLAND, CHURCH OF IRELAND 05. BAPTIST 06. CONGREGATIONAL 07. EUROPEAN FREE CHURCH (ANABAPTISTS) 08. HOLINESS 09. INDEPENDENT-FUNDAMENTALIST 10. LUTHERAN 11. METHODIST 12. PENTECOSTAL 13. PRESBYTERIAN NON-TRADITIONAL PROTESTANTS 14. CHRISTIAN SCIENTISTS 15. MORMONS, CHURCH OF LATTER DAY SAINTS 16. UNITARIAN UNIVERSALISTS 17. EASTERN ORTHODOX CHURCH 18. CHRISTIAN (NO DENOMINATION GIVEN) 19. EASTERN CATHOLIC CHURCHES (E.G., EASTERN RITE CATHOLIC, GREEK RITE CATHOLE, UNIATE) 20. JEWISH 22. BAHÁ'Í FAITH ISLAM 30. MUSLIM; MOHAMMEDAN; ISLAM (NO DENOMINATION GIVEN) 31. KHARIJISM 32. MU'TAZILISM 33. SUNNI 34. SHI'ISM 35. ISMA'ILIS 37. DRUSE BUDDHISM 40. BUDDHIST 41. THERAVADA 42. MAHAYANA 43. TANTRISM 44. TIBETAN BUDDHISM 45. SHINGON HINDUISM AND OTHER RELIGIONS OF INDIA 50. HINDU 51. JAINISM 52. SIKHIASM 53. PARSIISM 54. VEDISM 55. BRAHMANISM 56. VAISAVISM 57. SAIVISM 58. TANTRISM 59. SHAKTISM 60. FOLK HINDUISM INDIGENOUS RELIGIONS OF EAST ASIA 71. CONFUCIANISM 72. TAOISM 73. SHINTO 75. I-KUAN-TAO OTHERS 80. [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 81. [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 82. [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 83. [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 84. [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 85. [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 91. AGNOSTICS 92. ATHEISTS 93. NONE 97. REFUSED 98. DON'T KNOW 99. MISSING | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ALBANIA (2005): B2025 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 80. Muslim, Bektashi | 81. Others | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - AUSTRALIA (2004): B2025 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 80. Brethren | 81. Churches of Christ | 82. Salvation Army | 83. Other non-Christian | 84. Other (Not specified) | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BELGIUM (2003): B2025 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 80. Eastern religion: Hinduism, Buddhism, Shintoism | 81. Other | 82. Non-believer | 83. Free-thinker | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BRAZIL (2002): B2025 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 80. Other religions | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BULGARIA (2001): B2025 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 02. Evangelist/Protestant | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CANADA (2004): B2025 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 80. United church of Canada | 81. Salvation Army | 82. Mennonite | 83. Jehovah's Witness | 84. Christian reform | 85. Other | 93. None, don't have one, atheist | 98. Don't know/agnostic | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CHILE (2005): B2025 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 80. Jehovah's Witnesses | 81. Believer but does not belong to any religion | 82. Other | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CZECH REPUBLIC (2002): B2025 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 80. Other Church | 81. Czech Brothers Evangelical Church | (Protestant) | 82. Brothers Church | 83. Other answer | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - FINLAND (2003): B2025 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 80. Other | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - FRANCE (2002): B2025 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 80. Other | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GERMANY (2002): B2025 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 80. Other | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GREAT BRITAIN (2005): B2025 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 80. Other Non-Christian | 81. Other (No Religion, Unknown Religiosity) | 91. Agnostics (If individual had no religion and | some religious beliefs) | 92. Atheists (If individual had no religion and | no religious beliefs) | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HONG KONG (2004): B2025 | | The question about religiosity (B2024) was used as a filter for | the denomination question (B2025), in a way that those who | answered "1. HAVE NO RELIGIOUS BELIEFS" to B2024 were not asked | the religious denomination item. Out of 379 cases coded missing | in B2025, 369 cases were coded "1." in B2024.CSES code. | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 80. Other religions | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HUNGARY (2002): B2025 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 80. Other | 81. Hungarian Reformated Church | (Calvinist) | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - IRELAND (2002): B2025 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 80. Other | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ITALY (2006): B2025 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 80. Other | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - JAPAN (2004): B2025 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 80. Other religions | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - MEXICO (2003): B2025 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 80. Believer, Sabatist | 83. Without religion | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NETHERLANDS (2002): B2025 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 80. Other | 81. Reformed Calvinist | | Note: Respondents who answered "No religious denomination" to | the filter question were coded "93. None" in this variable. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NEW ZEALAND (2002): B2025 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 07. Brethren | Quaker | 12. Jehovah's Witness | 80. Ratana | 81. Paganism/Spiritualism | 82. Ringatu | 83. Salvation Army | 92. Humanist | Atheist | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PHILIPPINES (2004): B2025 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 80. Pagan | ELECTION STUDY NOTES- POLAND (2001): B2025 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 80. Other | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PORTUGAL (2002): B2025 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 80. Adherents to religions other than | Catholicism | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PORTUGAL (2005): B2025 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 80. Other | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ROMANIA (2004): B2025 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 17. Romanian Orthodox Church | 19. Uniate | 81. Protestant (Calvinist, Evangelical, Lutheran, | Reformed Church) | 83. Neo-Protestant (Pentecostal, Adventist, Baptist) | 84. Other | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - RUSSIA (2004): B2025 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 80. Jehovah's Witnesses | 81. Old Belief | 82. Vedic Astrology | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SPAIN (2004): B2025 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 80. Other religions | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWITZERLAND (2003): B2025 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 80. Other religions | 83. None | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - TAIWAN (2001): B2025 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 80. Other Religions | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - TAIWAN (2004): B2025 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 80. Other Religions | 81. Multiple Religious Denomination | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - UNITED STATES (2004): B2025 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 80. 13. Reformed | 81. 14. Restorationist | 82. 15. Non-traditional Protestant | 83. 19. Non Judeo-Christian religion | 84. 20. More than 1 major religion --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B2026 >>> LANGUAGE USUALLY SPOKEN AT HOME --------------------------------------------------------------------------- D26. This variable reports the language usually spoken in the respondent's household. If more than one language is spoken at home, this variable reports the language spoken most of the time. .................................................................. 001. AFRIKAANS 002. ALBANIAN, ARVANITIKA 003. ALBANIAN, GHEG 004. ALBANIAN, TOSK 005. ALLEMANNISCH 006. ALSATIAN 007. ARABIC, JUDEO-MOROCCAN 008. ARABIC, LEVANTINE (ISRAEL) 009. ARMENIAN 201. ASHANTI (GHANA) 237. ASYRIAN 010. AVAR (RUSSIA) 011. AWADHI (INDIA) 012. AYMARA, CENTRAL (ARGENTINA, PERU) 231. AZERI 013. BASQUE 234. BALKAR 014. BELORUSSIAN 015. BEMBA (ZAMBIA) 016. BENGALI, BANGLADESHI, BANGLA (INDIA) 017. BHOJPURI (INDIA) 244. BICOLANO (PHILIPPINES) 265. BISAYA (PHILIPPINES) 270. B'LAAN (PHILIPPINES) 202. BLUCH (PAKISTAN) 263. BOHOLANO (PHILIPPINES) 018. BOSNIAN 019. BRETON 020. BULGARIAN 260. CAGAYANO (PHILIPPINES) 258. CANTILAGNON (PHILIPPINES) 273. CAPIZNON (PHILIPPINES) 021. CATALAN 241. CEBUANO (PHILIPPINES) 276. CENTRAL THAI 022. CHECHEN (RUSSIA) 203. CHINESE, CANTONESE 023. CHINESE, HAKKA 024. CHINESE, MANDARIN 025. CHINESE, MIN NAN 026. CHUVASH (RUSSIA) 027. CROATIAN 028. CZECH 029. DANISH 030. DECCAN (INDIA) 204. DORIC (SCOTLAND) 031. DUTCH 032. ENGLISH 033. ERZYA (RUSSIA) 205. ESAN (NIGERIA) 034. ESTONIAN 206. EWE (GHANA) 209. FARSI (IRAN) 035. FINNISH 036. FRENCH 037. FRISIAN, WESTERN (NETHERLANDS) 038. FULACUNDA (SENEGAL) 207. GA (GHANA) 039. GAELIC, IRISH 208. GAELIC (SCOTLAND) 040. GAGAUZ (MOLDOVA) 041. GALICIAN 042. GASCON 043. GEORGIAN 044. GERMAN, STANDARD 045. GREEK 046. GUARANI, PARAGUAYAN 047. GUJARATI (SOUTH AFRICA, INDIA) 048. HEBREW 266. HIGAONON (PHILIPPINES) 274. HILIGAYNON (PHILIPPINES) 049. HUNGARIAN 051. HINDI 050. ICELANDIC 259. IFUGAO (PHILIPPINES) 242. ILOCANO (PHILIPPINES) 243. ILONGGO (PHILIPPINES) 210. INDONESIAN 211. IRANIAN 254. IRANUN (PHILIPPINES) 278. ISAN THAI 052. ITALIAN 249. ITAWES (PHILIPPINES) 212. IWO (UGANDA) 053. JAKATI (MOLDOVA) 213. JAMAICAN PATOIS 275. JAMINDANON (PHILIPPINES) 054. JAPANESE 280. KAMAE (THAILAND) 257. KAMAYO (PHILIPPINES) 055. KANNADA (INDIA) 056. KAONDE (ZAMBIA) 245. KAPAMPANGAN (PHILIPPINES) 057. KARAIM (LITHUANIA) 261. KARAY-AY (PHILIPPINES) 233. KARBADIN 058. KIRMANJKI (TURKEY) 235. KOMI 279. KORATCH (THAILAND) 066. KOREAN 232. KURDISH 059. KURMANJI (TURKEY) 282. KYRGYZ 060. LADINO (ISRAEL) 061. LALA-BISA (ZAMBIA) 062. LAMBA (ZAMBIA) 277. LANNA THAI 063. LATVIAN 064. LENJE (ZAMBIA) 065. LESSER ANTILLEAN CREOLE 268. LEYTENO (PHILIPPINES) 067. LIGURIAN 068. LITHUANIAN 069. LOMBARD 070. LOZI (ZAMBIA) 071. LUNDA (ZAMBIA) 072. LUVALE (ZAMBIA) 073. MACEDONIAN 251. MAGUINDANAON (PHILIPPINES) 074. MAITHILI (INDIA) 229. MALLORQUIN 267. MALAUEG (PHILIPPINES) 075. MALAY 076. MALAYALAM (INDIA) 077. MALINKE (SENEGAL) 214. MALTESE 253. MANOBO (PHILIPPINES) 250. MASBATEÑO (PHILIPPINES) 215. MENDE (SIERRA LEONE) 216. MIRPUARY/MIRPUIR (PAKISTAN) 217. MNADINGGO (GAMBIA) 078. MAMBWE-LUNGU (ZAMBIA) 079. MANDINKA (SENEGAL) 080. MAORI 081. MAPUDUNGUN (CHILE) 082. MARATHI (INDIA) 083. MBOWE (ZAMBIA) 084. MINGRELIAN (GEORGIA) 085. MONTENEGRIAN 255. MUSLIM (PHILIPPINES) 086. MWANGA (ZAMBIA) 087. NEAPOLITAN-CALABRESE 088. NORWEGIAN 089. NSENGA (ZAMBIA) 090. NYANJA (ZAMBIA) 091. NYIHA (ZAMBIA) 092. ORIYA (INDIA) 093. OSETIN (GEORGIA) 218. PAHARI (PAKISTAN) 246. PANGASINENSE (PHILIPPINES) 094. PANJABI, EASTERN (INDIA) 236. PERSIAN 095. PIEMONTESE 096. POLISH 097. PORTUGUESE 098. PROVENCAL 248. PULANGI-ON (PHILIPPINES) 219. PUSHTO (PAKISTAN) 099. QUECHUA, ANCASH, HUAYLAS 100. QUECHUA, SOUTH BOLIVIAN (ARGENTINA) 101. QUECHUA, AYACUCHO 102. QUICHUA, HIGHLAND, IMBABURA 103. ROMANI, BALKAN 104. ROMANI, CARPATHIAN 105. ROMANI, VLACH 106. RUMANIAN 107. RUMANIAN, ISTRO 108. RUMANIAN, MACEDO 109. RUSSIAN 110. SARDINIAN, LOGUDORESE 220. SARAKI (PAKISTAN) 111. SCHWYZERDUTSCH (SWITZERLAND) 112. SERB 113. SERBO-CROATIAN 114. SERERE-SINE (SENEGAL) 264. SIBANIN (PHILIPPINES) 115. SICILIAN 116. SINDHI (SINGAPORE, INDIA) 272. SIPIANON (PHILIPPINES) 117. SLOVAK 118. SLOVENIAN 221. SOMALI 262. SORIGAONON (PHILIPPINES) 119. SOTHO, NORTHERN (SOUTH AFRICA) 120. SOTHO, SOUTHERN (SOUTH AFRICA) 281. SOUTHERN THAI 121. SPANISH 222. SWAHILI 122. SWATI (SOUTH AFRICA) 123. SWEDISH 240. TAGALOG (PHILIPPINES) 256. TAGON-ON (PHILIPPINES) 124. TAMIL (INDIA) 125. TATAR (RUSSIA) 269. T'BOLI (PHILIPPINES) 126. TELUGU (INDIA) 127. TIBETAN 128. TICANESE (SWITZERLAND) 252. TIRURAY (PHILIPPINES) 129. TONGA (ZAMBIA) 130. TOUCOULEUR (SENEGAL) 131. TSONGA (SOUTH AFRICA) 132. TSWANA (SOUTH AFRICA) 133. TUMBUKA (ZAMBIA) 134. TURKISH 223. TWI (GHANA) 135. UKRAINIAN 224. UGANDAN 230. UDMURT 136. URDU (INDIA) 228. VALENCIANO 225. VIETNAMESE 137. VENETIAN 247. WARAY (PHILIPPINES) 139. WELSH 140. WOLOF (SENEGAL) 138. XHOSA (SOUTH AFRICA) 141. YAHUDIC (ISRAEL) 142. YIDDISH 226. YORUBA (NIGERIA) 271. ZAMBAL (PHILIPPINES) 143. ZULU 980. [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 981. [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 982. [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 983. [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 984. [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 985. [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 986. [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 987. [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 988. [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 989. [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 990. [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 991. [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 992. [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 993. [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 994. [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 995. [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 996. [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 997. REFUSED 998. DON'T KNOW 999. MISSING | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ALBANIA (2005): B2026 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 002. Albanian (no dialect given) | 980. Vllah (Arumune/Çobançe) | 981. Other | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BELGIUM (2003): B2026 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 991. Berber | 992. Other | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BULGARIA (2001): B2026 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 991. Wallachian | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CANADA (2004): B2026 | | The original question asked: "What is the first language you | learned and still understand?" | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 981. Other | 983. Filipino, Tagalog | 984. Pakistani, Punjabi, Urdu | 985. Jewish, Hebrew, Yiddish | 986. Sri Lankan | 987. Inuit, Native | 988. Chinese | 989. Indian, Hindi, Gujarati | 990. Lebanese | 991. Other European language | 992. Other Asian language | 993. Other African language | 994. Arabic | 995. English and French | 996. English and something else | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CZECH REPUBLIC (2002): B2026 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 990. Other | 991. Moravian | 992. Silesian | 993. Czech-English | 994. Czech and German | 995. Czech-Moravian | 996. Czech and Slovak | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - DENMARK (2001): B2026 | | Note that interviews were conducted in Danish. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GERMANY (2002 Telephone): B2026 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 991. Other | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HONG KONG (2004): B2026 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 991. Chinese - Chiu Chow | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ITALY (2006): B2026 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 980 Dialetto (Dialect) | 981 Other | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NETHERLANDS (2002): B2026 | | Note: all interviews were conducted in Dutch. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NEW ZEALAND (2002): B2026 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 992. Samoan | 993. African | 994. Philipino | 995. Iraqi | 996. Tongan | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - POLAND (2001): B2026 | | This question was not asked in Poland, since the overwhelming | part of the population speaks Polish. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PORTUGAL (2002): B2026 | | Question text: "Do you generally speak Portuguese at home?" | | If respondents answered 'No', they are reported as 'Other' in | the CSES data file. | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 991. Other | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - RUSSIA (2004): B2026 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 991. Tsygan | 992. Tajik | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SLOVENIA (2004): B2026 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 980. Other | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SPAIN (2004): B2026 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 991. Other | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWEDEN (2002): B2026 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 991. Balochisk | 992. Tigrinia | 993. Philipino | 994. Thai | 998. Volunteered: don't know/refused | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWITZERLAND (2003): B2026 | | This question was not asked in Swiss survey. Instead, this | variable records the interview language. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - TAIWAN (2004): B2026 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 024. Mandarin | 025. Taiwanese (Chinese, Min nan) | 023. Hakka | 980. Both Mandarin and Taiwanese | Mandarin and Taiwanese and other Chinese dialect | Mandarin and Taiwanese and Japanese | 981. Both Mandarin and Hakka | 982. Both Taiwanese and Hakka | 983. Both Mandarin and other Chinese dialect | 984. Mandarin and Aboriginal language | 985. Aboriginal language | 986. Other Chinese dialect | 987 Mandarin and Taiwanese and Hakka | | Note: Of the 394 cases in code 980, 390 respondents mentioned | Mandarin and Taiwanese only. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B2027 >>> REGION OF RESIDENCE --------------------------------------------------------------------------- D27. This variable reports the respondent's region of residence. Regions are usually (but not always) based upon the social, cultural, or historical differences (though some correspond to administrative regions) that manifest themselves in political cleavages. .................................................................. 01-80. REGION CODES [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 99. MISSING | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ALBANIA (2005): B2027 | | Region of residence data is not available for Albania (2005). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - AUSTRALIA (2004): B2027 | | State of residence remains the most socially meaningful | regional indicator for the Australian (federal) polity. | | 01. New South Wales | 02. Victoria | 03. Queensland | 04. South Australia | 05. Western Australia | 06. Tasmania | 07. Australian Capital Territory | 08. Northern Territory | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BELGIUM (2003): B2027 | | 01. Flanders | 02. Wallonia | 03. Brussels | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BRAZIL (2002): B2027 | | 11. Rondônia | 12. Acre | 13. Amazonas | 14. Roraima | 15. Pará | 16. Amapá | 17. Tocantins | 21. Maranhão | 22. Piauí | 23. Ceará | 24. Rio Grande Do Norte | 25. Paraíba | 26. Pernanbuco | 27. Alagoas | 28. Sergipe | 29. Bahia | 31. Minas Gerais | 32. Espírito Santo | 33. Rio De Janeiro | 35. São Paulo | 41. Paraná | 42. Santa Catarina | 43. Rio Grande Do Sul | 50. Mato Grosso Do Sul | 51. Mato Grosso | 52. Goiás | 53. Distrito Federal | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BULGARIA (2001): B2027 | | 01. Sofia City | 02. Bourgas | 03. Varna | 04. Lovetch | 05. Montana | 06. Plovdiv | 07. Rousse | 08. Sofia Region | 09. Haskovo | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CANADA (2004): B2027 | | 10. Newfoundland and Labrador | 11. Prince Edward Island | 12. Nova Scotia | 13. New Brunswick | 24. Quebec | 35. Ontario | 46. Manitoba | 47. Saskatchewan | 48. Alberta | 59. British Columbia | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CHILE (2005): B2027 | | 01. I Región | 02. II Región | 03. III Región | 04. IV Región | 05. V Región | 06. VI Región | 07. VII Región | 08. VIII Región | 09. IX Región | 10. X Región | 13. Región Metropolitana | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CZECH REPUBLIC (2002): B2027 | | 01. Prague | 02. Central Bohemian Region | 03. South Bohemian Region | 04. Pilsen Region | 05. Karlovy Vary Region | 06. Usti Region | 07. Liberec Region | 08. Hradec Kralove Region | 09. Pardubice Region | 10. Vysocina Region | 11. Southern Moravia Region | 12. Olomouc Region | 13. Zlin Region | 14. Moravian-Silesian Region | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - DENMARK (2001): B2027 | | Region of residence data is not available for Denmark (2001). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - FINLAND (2003): B2027 | 01. Uusimaa | 02. Varsinais-Suomi | 04. Satakunta | 05. Kanta-Häme | 06. Pirkanmaa | 07. Päijät-Häme | 08. Kymenlaakso | 09. South Karelia | 10. Etelä-Savo | 11. Pohjois-Savo | 12. North Karelia | 13. Central Finland | 14. South Ostrobothnia | 15. Ostrobothnia | 16. Central Ostrobothnia | 17. North Ostrobothnia | 19. Lapland | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - FRANCE (2002): B2027 | | 01. Ile de France | 02. Nord | 03. Est | 04. Bassin Parisien Est | 05. Bassin Parisien Ouest | 06. Ouest | 07. Sud Ouest | 08. Sud Est | 09. Mediterranee | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GERMANY (2002): B2027 | | 01. Schleswig-Holstein | 02. Mecklenburg-Vorpommern | 03. Hamburg | 04. Niedersachsen | 05. Bremen | 06. Brandenburg | 07. Sachsen-Anhalt | 08. Berlin | 09. Nordrhein-Westfalen | 10. Sachsen | 11. Hessen | 12. Thuehringen | 13. Rheinland-Pfalz | 14. Bayern | 15. Baden-Wuerttemberg | 16. Saarland | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GREAT BRITAIN (2005): B2027 | | 01. North East | 02. North West | 03. Yorkshire and Humberside | 04. East Midlands | 05. West Midlands | 06. South West | 07. Eastern | 08. Inner London | 09. Outer London | 10. South East | 11. Wales | 12. Scotland | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HONG KONG (2004): B2027 | | This survey did not include this variable because | Hong Kong is a country with no political conflict | based on regional difference. The variable "primary | electoral district" (B2031) may serve as a proxy | for the respondents' "region of residence" because | voters are allocated to one of the geographical | constituencies based on place of residence. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HUNGARY (2002): B2027 | | 01. Budapest | 02. Baranya | 03. Bács-Kiskun | 04. Békés | 05. BAZ (Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén) | 06. Csongrád | 07. Fejér | 08. Gyor-Moson-Sopron | 09. Hajdú-Bihar | 10. Heves | 11. Komárom-Esztergom | 12. Nógrád | 13. Pest | 14. Somogy | 15. Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg | 16. Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok | 17. Tolna | 18. Vas | 19. Veszprém | 20. Zala | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ICELAND (2003): B2027 | | Region of residence data is not available for Iceland (2003). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - IRELAND (2002): B2027 | | Region of residence data is not available for Ireland (2002). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ISRAEL (2003): B2027 | | Region of residence is not relevant to Israel. | Therefore, all cases are coded as "99. Missing". | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ITALY (2006): B2027 | | 01. Piemonte | 02. V. Aosta | 03. Lombardia | 05. Veneto | 06. Friuli V.G. | 07. Liguria | 08. Emilia-Romagna | 09. Toscana | 10. Umbria | 11. Marche | 12. Lazio | 13. Abruzzi | 14. Molise | 15. Campania | 16. Puglia | 17. Basilicata | 18. Calabria | 19. Sicilia | 20. Sardegna | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - JAPAN (2004): B2027 | | 01. Hokkaido | 02. Tohoku | 03. Kanto | 04. Hokuriku | 05. Touzan | 06. Toukai | 07. Kinki | 08. Chugoku | 09. Shikoku | 10. Kita-Kyusyu | 11. Minami-Kyusyu | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - KYRGYZSTAN (2005): B2027 | | 01. Batken | 02. Jalabad | 03. Issyk-Kul | 04. Naryn | 05. Osh | 06. Talas | 07. Chuy | 08. Bishkek | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - MEXICO (2003): B2027 | | This variable represents five regions of Mexico, as established | by the IFE (Electoral Federal Institute) and correspond to the | five PR multi-member circunscriptions. | | 01. Circunscripcion 1 | 02. Circunscripcion 2 | 03. Circunscripcion 3 | 04. Circunscripcion 4 | 05. Circunscripcion 5 | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NETHERLANDS (2002): B2027 | | 01. North (Groningen, Friesland, Drenthe) | 02. East (Overijssel, Flevoland, Gelderland) | 03. West (Utrecht, Noord-Holland, Zuid-Holland, Zeeland) | 04. South (Noord-Brabant, Limburg) | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NEW ZEALAND (2002): B2027 | | 01. North Island | 02. South Center North Island | 03. South Island | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NORWAY (2001): B2027 | | 01. Oslofjord | 02. Inner East of Norway | 03. Southern Norway | 04. Western Norway | 05. Trøndelag | 06. Northern Norway | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PERU (2006): B2027 | | 01. Ancash | 02. Arequipa | 03. Ayacucho | 04. Cajamarca | 06. Cusco | 07. Huancavelica | 08. Huanuco | 09. Ica | 10. Junin | 11. La Libertad | 12. Lambayeque | 13. Lima | 14. Loreto | 15. Piura | 16. Puno | 17. Tacna | 18. Ucayali | 20. Lima Metrop. - Callao | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PHILIPPINES (2004): B2027 | | 01. National Capital Region (NCR) | 02. Balance Luzon (Luzon areas outside of NCR) | 03. Visayas | 04. Mindanao | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - POLAND (2001): B2027 | | 01. Former Russian Partition - Congress Kingdom | 02. Former Austrian Partition - Galicia | 03. Former Prussian Partition | 04. Territories regained after World War II | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PORTUGAL (2002 and 2005): B2027 | | 01. North | 02. Centre | 03. Lisbon and Tagus Valley | 04. Alentejo | 05. Algarve | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ROMANIA (2004): B2027 | | 01. Bucuresti | 02. Muntenia | 03. Oltenia | 04. Dobrogea | 05. Moldova | 06. Banat | 07. Crisana-Maramures | 08. Transilvania | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - RUSSIA (2004): B2027 | | 01. St. Petersburg | 02. Moscow | 03. Moskovskaya obl. | 04. Respublika Komi | 05. Saratovskaya obl. | 06. Leningradskaya obl. | 07. Smolenskaya obl. | 08. Tverskaya obl. | 09. Tul'skaya obl. | 10. Kaluzhskaya obl. | 11. Nizhegorodskaya obl. | 12. Chuvashskaya respublika | 13. Penzenskaya obl. | 14. Lipetskaya obl. | 15. Tambovskaya obl. | 16. Tatarstan respublika | 17. Krasnodarskii krai | 18. Chelyabinskaya obl. | 19. Volgogradskaya obl. | 20. Kabardino-Balkarskaya resp. | 21. Rostovskaya obl. | 22. Altaiskii krai | 23. Stavropol'skii krai | 24. Krasnoyarskii krai | 25. Kurganskaya obl. | 26. Udmurtskaya resp. | 27. Orenburgskaya obl. | 28. Permskaya obl. | 29. Tomskaya obl. | 30. Khanti-Mansiiskyi avtonomnyi okrug | 31. Primorskii krai | 32. Amurskaya obl. | 33. Novosibirskaya obl. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SLOVENIA (2004): B2027 | | 01. Pomurska | 02. Podravska | 03. Koroska | 04. Savinjska | 05. Zasavska | 06. Spodnjeposavska | 07. Jugovzhodna Slovenij | 08. Osrednjeslovenska | 09. Gorenjska | 10. Notranjsko-kraska | 11. Goriska | 12. Obalno-kraska | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SOUTH KOREA (2004): B2027 | | 01. Seoul | 02. Incheon | 03. Gyunggi | 04. Busan | 05. Ulsan | 06. Gyungnam | 07. Daejeon | 08. Chungbuk | 09. Chungnam | 10. Gwangju | 11. Jeonbuk | 12. Jeonnam | 13. Gangwon | 14. Daegu | 15. Gyungbuk | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SPAIN (2004): B2027 | | 01. Andalucía | 02. Aragón | 03. Asturias | 04. Baleares | 05. Cataluña | 06. Canarias | 07. Cantabria | 08. Castilla-León | 09. Castilla-La Mancha | 10. Extremadura | 11. Galicia | 12. La Rioja | 13. Madrid | 14. Murcia | 15. Navarra | 16. País Vasco | 17. Comunidad Valenciana | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWEDEN (2002): B2027 | | 01. Stockholms | 03. Uppsala | 04. Södermanlands | 05. Östergötlands | 06. Jönköpings | 07. Kronobergs | 08. Kalmar | 09. Gotland | 10. Blekinge | 12. Skåne | 13. Halland | 14. Våstra götaland | 17. Värmland | 18. Örebro | 19. Västmanland | 20. Kopparberg | 21. Gävleborg | 22. Västernorrland | 23. Jämtland | 24. Västerbotten | 25. Norrbotten | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWITZERLAND (2003): B2027 | | 01. Zürich | 02. Bern | 03. Luzern | 04. Uri | 05. Schwyz | 06. Obwalden | 07. Nidwalden | 08. Glarus | 09. Zug | 10. Fribourg | 11. Solothurn | 12. Basel-stadt | 13. Basel-land | 14. Schaffhausen | 15. Appenzell ar | 16. Appenzell ai | 17. St. Gallen | 18. Graubünden | 19. Aargau | 20. Thurgau | 21. Ticino | 22. Vaud | 23. Valais | 24. Neuchâtel | 25. Genève | 26. Jura | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - TAIWAN (2001): B2027 | | 01. Taipei County | 02. Yilan County | 03. Taoyuan County | 04. Hsinchu County | 05. Miaoli County | 06. Taichung City | 07. Changhua County | 08. Nantou County | 09. Yunlin County | 10. Chiayi County | 11. Tainan County | 12. Kaohsiung County | 13. Pingtung County | 14. Taitung County | 15. Hualien County | 16. Penghu County | 17. Keelung City | 18. Hsinchu City | 19. Taichung City | 20. Chiayi City | 21. Tainan City | 63. Taipei City | 64. Kaohsiung City | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - TAIWAN (2004): B2027 | | 01. Taipei County | 02. Yilan County | 03. Taoyuan County | 05. Miaoli County | 06. Taichung City | 07. Changhua County | 08. Nantou County | 09. Yunlin County | 10. Chiayi County | 11. Tainan County | 12. Kaohsiung County | 13. Pingtung County | 14. Taitung County | 15. Hualien County | 17. Keelung City | 19. Taichung City | 20. Chiayi City | 21. Tainan City | 63. Taipei City | 64. Kaohsiung City | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - UNITED STATES (2004): B2027 | | This is the census region of the respondent's | sampling address. | | 01. NORTHEAST | Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New | Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont | | 02. NORTH CENTRAL | Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, | Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, | and Wisconsin | | 03. SOUTH | Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, Washington DC, Florida, | Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North | Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, | Virginia, and West Virginia | | 04. WEST | Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, New | Mexico, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B2028 >>> RACE --------------------------------------------------------------------------- D28. Race of respondent. .................................................................. 01. EUROPEAN (CAUCASOID) 02. ASIAN 03. AFRICAN (NEGROID) 04. INDIAN 05. POLYNESIAN 06. MICRONESIAN 07. MELANESIAN 08. AUSTRALOID 09. AMERICAN INDIAN 10. [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 97. REFUSED 98. DON'T KNOW 99. MISSING | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BRAZIL (2002): B2028 | | The original Brazilian codes for race differ somewhat from the | CSES standard. The following table shows how the data have been | coded. | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 01. 03. White | 02. 02. Yellow | 03. 01. Black | 09. 05. Indian | 10. 02. Mulatto or Brown | | The original data set contains very detailed self-report codes | for race. Users interested in this variable should consult the | original data set. According to the collaborator, "One of the | neat things about social science research on Brazil is precisely | the vast array of names Brazilians come up with for their skin | color, in contrast to the rigid classifications schemes [...]." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GREAT BRITAIN (2005): B2028 | | This variable was coded by the interviewer. | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 10. Mixed Origin/Other | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HUNGARY (2002): B2028 | | This variable was coded by the interviewer. | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 10. Roma (Gypsy). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - JAPAN (2004): B2028 race | | In the deposited data file, all respondents were coded as | "Japanese." In the CSES data file, all respondents coded | "02. Asian." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - POLAND (2001): B2028 | | This question was not asked in Poland, since "there is a sharp | 'zero' probability that anyone indicates any other 'race' than | Caucasian." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PORTUGAL (2002 and 2005): B2028 | | This variable was coded by the interviewer. | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 10. Other | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - UNITED STATES (2004): B2028 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 01. White | 02. Asian | 03. Black | 09. Native American | 10. Hispanic --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B2029 >>> ETHNICITY --------------------------------------------------------------------------- D29. This variable reports the ethnic identity of respondents. .................................................................. 001-996. ETHNICITY CODES [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 997. REFUSED 998. DON'T KNOW 999. MISSING | NOTES: B2029 | | See also notes for variable B2028. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ALBANIA (2005): B2029 | | 001. Albanian | 002. Albanian, Gheg | 003. Albanian, Tosk | 004. Greek | 005. Vilah (Arumun/Çoban) | 006. Macedonian | 007. Roma | 008. Other | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - AUSTRALIA (2004): B2029 | | This variable was derived from the original variable XI3OWN, | which reports R's country of birth. | | Respondents' country of birth has been categorized in this | variable on the basis of social meaning in Australia, as well | as on the frequency of major geographical areas, or language | groups, of origin represented in the sample. | | "British Isles": includes respondents born in the United | Kingdom (N=142), the Republic of Ireland (6), Northern Ireland, | Scotland, and Wales (1 respondent in each category). | | "Other English Speaking": includes respondents born in New | Zealand (20), Canada (1), and USA(2). | | "Northern Europe": includes respondents born in Germany (14), | Netherlands (13), Austria (1), and France (1), Switzerland (4), | and Sweden (4). | | "Southern Europe": includes respondents born in Italy (13), | Greece (13), Malta (6), Portugal (2), Spain (1), | "South Eastern Europe" (14), Bosnia and Herzegovina (1), | Croatia (4), Cyprus (3) FRYO Macedonia (1). | | "Eastern Europe": includes respondents born in Poland (6), | Romania (1), Hungary (3), Lithuania (2), and Russian | Federation (1). | | "Asia": includes respondents born in Burma (4), Cambodia (5), | Vietnam (17), Indonesia (2), Malaysia (7), Philippines (9), | Singapore (1), China (17), Japan (6), India (8), Sri Lanka (4). | | "Mid East/North Africa": includes respondents born in Egypt | (5), Kuwait (1), Lebanon (4), Syria (1), Turkey (3). | | "Other": includes respondents born in Papua New Guinea (1), | Fiji (1), Tonga (2), Argentina (1), Chile (4), Ethiopia (2), | Kenya (1), Mauritius (2), South Africa (6), Zambia (1), | Zimbabwe (1), "Inadequately described" (1), and "Other | (not specified)" (1). | | 001. Australia | 002. British Isles | 003. Other English Speaking | 004. Northern Europe | 005. Southern Europe | 006. Eastern Europe | 007. Asia | 008. Middle East And North Africa | 009. Other | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BRAZIL (2002): B2029 | | Respondents were allowed to express more than one ethnic | identification. This variable presents the first recorded | response, with the assumption that the first response | reflects the most salient ethnic identification. | | 001. Portugal | 002. Spain | 003. Italy | 004. Germany | 005. Brazil | 006. Japan | 007. Africa | 008. Europe | 009. Turkish/Sírio-Libanês | 010. Arabian Nations | 011. Indian-Brazil | 012. United States | 013. South America | 016. Other | 996. More than six ethnic identifications | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BULGARIA (2001): B2029 | | 001. Bulgarian | 002. Turk | 003. Gypsy | 005. Bulgarian Muslim (Pomak) | 006. Jew | 008. Wallachian | 009. Russian | 011. Armenian | 012. Greek | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CANADA (2004): B2029 | | 001. Canadian | 007. British | 010. Czech | 011. Danish | 012. Dutch | 013. English | 016. French | 018. German | 022. Holland | 023. Hungarian | 024. Irish | 025. Italian | 026. Indian | 030. Jewish/Hebrew | 032. Lebanese | 037. Norwegian | 040. Polish | 041. Portuguese | 043. Scottish | 050. Swedish | 053. Ukrainian | 056. Welsh | 057. American | 058. Other European ethnicity | 094. Acadian | 095. Inuit, Metis, Aboriginal, Native | 096. Quebecois, French Canadian, Francophone | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - FINLAND (2003): B2029 | | 001. Finnish speaking Finns | 002. Swedish speaking Finns | 003. Other | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GREAT BRITAIN (2005): B2029 | | 001. Black of African Origin | 002. Black of Caribbean Origin | 003. Black of Other Origin | 004. Asian of Indian Origin | 005. Asian of Pakistani Origin | 006. Asian of Bangladeshi Origin | 007. Asian of Chinese Origin | 008. Asian of Other Origin | 009. White of European Origin | 010. White of Other Origin | 011. Mixed Origin | 012. Other | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HUNGARY (2002): B2029 | | 001. Hungarian | 002. Roma | 003. Serb, Croat Or Slovene | 004. German | 005. Romanian | 006. Slovak | 007. Other | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ISRAEL (2003): B2029 | | Question text: "Where were you born? (If you were born in | Israel, where was your father born?) | | 001. Jew - North Africa/Ethiopia | 002. Jew - Asia | 003. Jew - East Europe | 004. Jew - Western And Central Europe | 005. Jew - America, Australia, South Africa | 006. Jew - Israel, Father Born In Israel | 007. Jew - Israel, Father Born In North Africa | 008. Jew - Israel, Father Born In Asia | 009. Jew - Israel, Father Born In East Europe | 010. Jew - Israel, Father Born In Western and | Central Europe | 011. Jew - Israel, Father Born In America, | Australia, South Africa | 012. Arab/Druse | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - KYRGYZSTAN (2005): B2029 | | 001. Kyrgyz | 002. Russian | 003. Uzbek | 004. Other | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - MEXICO (2003): B2029 | | 001. Indígena | 002. Mestizo | 003. Blanco | 004. Otro | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NEW ZEALAND (2002): B2029 | | 010. New Zealand European | 011. Other European | 020. Asian | 021. Middle East | 030. African | 050. Maori | 051. Pacific Islander | 095. Mixed | 096. Other (Not Specified) | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PHILIPPINES (2004): B2029 | | 001. Bicolano | 002. Ifugao | 004. Ilocano | 005. Ilonggo | 006. Cebuano | 009. Maguindanao | 010. Maranao | 011. Spanish | 012. Tagalog | 015. Kapampangan | 016. Visaya/Bisaya | 017. Pulangion, Bisaya | 018. Cagayano | 019. Bikidnon | 020. Masbateno | 021. Waray | 022. Davaoeño | 023. Tiruray | 024. Manobo | 025. Iranun | 026. Tagon-on/Surigaonon | 027. Mandaya | 028. Kamayo | 029. Itawis | 030. Boholanon | 031. Bantayanon | 032. Subanin | 033. Pangasinense | 034. Dumagat | 035. Higaonon | 036. Bataan | 037. Malaueg | 038. Leyteño | 039. T'Boli | 040. B'laan | 041. Zambal | 042. Ibanag | 043. Panggalatok | 044. Capizianon | 045. Jamindanon | 046. Zambaleño | 047. Bulakeño | 048. Chabakano | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - POLAND (2001): B2029 | | This question was not asked in Poland, since "the probability of | an ethnicity other than Polish is usually below 1%." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ROMANIA (2004): B2029 | | 001. Romanian | 002. Hungarian | 003. Roma | 004. German | 005. Other | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - RUSSIA (2004): B2029 | | 001. Russian | 002. Ukrainian | 003. Armenian | 004. Chechen | 005. Tatar | 006. Chuvash | 007. Azeri | 008. Tsygan | 009. Udmurt | 010. Tajik | 011. Komi | 012. Kabardinian | 013. German | 014. Kazakh | 015. Bashkir | 016. Internationalist | 017. Mordvin | 018. Polish | 019. Latvian | 020. Belorussian | 021. Avarets | 022. Moldovan | 023. Mari | 024. Russian and Ukrainian | 025. Bulgarian | 026. Korean | 027. Rossiyanin | 028. Slav | 029. Man of the world | 030. Lezgin | 998. Don't know | 997. Refused | 999. Missing | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SLOVENIA (2004): B2029 | | 001. Slovenian | 004. Croatian | 005. Serbian | 007. Bosnian | 008. Serbo-Croatian | 010. Other | | Bosnian label is not official but only an approximation (no | translation found) | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWITZERLAND (2003): B2029 | | This question was not asked in the Swiss survey. Instead, this | variable records the interview language. | | 001. German speakers | 002. French speakers | 003. Italian speakers | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - TAIWAN (2001): B2029 | | 001. Taiwanese Hakka | 002. Taiwanese Min-Nan | 003. Mainlander | 004. Aboriginal | 006. Japanese | 007. Vietnamese | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - UNITED STATES (2004): B2029 | | This variable combines data for the 'closest' ethnic group of | multiple-mention respondents, together with data for respondents | who gave a single ethnic group mention. Respondents who gave | multiple mentions, but who did not provide the 'closest' group | (i.e., answered none/neither/both/all/DK/RF/NA) are coded here | for first group mentioned. | | The codes listed below include only those which appear in the | CSES data file. | | North America | 010. American Indian or Native American; | Tribal mentions | 020. Canadian; not specified as French- | Canadian (03) | 030. Canadian, of French origin | 040. Mexican (excluding explicit mention | of "Chicano", "Mexican-American") | 050. Central American | | West Indies | 080. Cuban | 090. Dominican Republic | 110. Jamaican | 120. Puerto Rican | 140. West Indian--NA which country | | South America | 160. South American--Any Country | | Europe | 180. English, British | 190. Irish (not specified as from Northern | Ireland, Ulster--22) | 200. Scottish | 210. Welsh | 230. Scot-Irish | 240. From British Isles; from two or more | countries of the British Isles | 260. Austrian | 280. French | 290. German; Also Pennsylvania Dutch | 310. Netherlands, Holland; Dutch | 320. Swiss | 330. From Western Europe; two or more countries | of Western Europe | 350. Danish | 360. Finn, Finnish | 370. Norwegian | 380. Swedish | 400. Scandinavian; reference to two or more | Scandinavian Countries | 410. Reference to two or more countries from | combination of the following areas: | British Isles, Western Europe, | Scandinavia, Mediterranean countries, | Greece | 430. Czechoslovakian, Slavic | 432. Czech (Specific); Bohemian (Part Of Czech | Republic) | 450. Hungarian | 470. Lithuanian | 480. Polish | 490. Russian; From U.S.S.R. | 510. Eastern Europe; reference to two or more | countries of Eastern Europe | 550. Greek | 580. Croatian | 581. Serbian | 600. Italian | 610. Portuguese | 620. Spanish | 640. European; general mention of Europe; reference | to two or more European countries of Europe not | codeable above | | Asia (excluding Near East) | 680. Southeast Asia--From Indochina, Thailand, | Malaya, Burma, Philippines, Indonesia | 690. Chinese | 700. Japanese; Japanese American | 710. Korean | 720. Asian | | Near East | 740. Iranian, Persian | 770. Jordanian | 800. Syrian | 820. Armenian | | Africa | 830. African; from any African country excluding only | Egypt (U.A.R.); South African (Formerly 90) | | Oceania | 840. South Pacific Islander other than 85 (including | Native Hawaiian) | | Ethnic Groups | 860. White, Caucasian | 861. 'Anglo' | 862. Black; Negro; American Black; African American | 863. Chicano; Mexican-American; Hispanic; Latin | American | 864. Asian-American (excluding specifically Japanese | American, 70) | | Other Miscellaneous | 872. Jewish | 874. Other Group; Combinations Not Codeable Above | 875. 'American'; 'Just American' | 877. None; Neither (Response To 'Choice' Question) --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B2030 >>> RURAL OR URBAN RESIDENCE --------------------------------------------------------------------------- D30. Rural/Urban Residence. .................................................................. 1. RURAL AREA OR VILLAGE 2. SMALL OR MIDDLE-SIZED TOWN 3. SUBURBS OF LARGE TOWN OR CITY 4. LARGE TOWN OR CITY 7. REFUSED 8. DON'T KNOW 9. MISSING | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ALBANIA (2005): B2030 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. Rural area or village | 2. Small town | 3. Large town | 4. Capital city | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - AUSTRALIA (2004): B2030 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Categories: | 1. A rural area or village | A small country town (under 10,000 people) | 2. A larger country town (over 10,000 people) | 3. A large town (over 25,000 people) | 4. A major city (over 100,000 people) | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BRAZIL (2002): B2030 | | The original Brazilian variable contained five categories | that somewhat differ from the CSES categories. The following | table shows adjustments of the codes to the CSES standards: | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. 01. Small town | 2. 02. In the middle between middle-sized | and small town | 03. Middle-sized town | 3. 04. In the middle between big and middle | -sized town | 4. 05. Big city | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BULGARIA (2001): B2030 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 3. City (Administrative Center) | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CZECH REPUBLIC (2002): B2030 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. Up to 499 inhabitants | 500 - 1999 | 2. 2000 - 4999 | 5000 - 19999 | 3. 20000 - 99999 | 4. 100000 and more | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - DENMARK (2001): B2030 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. Rural area or village | 2. Small town under 10,000 inhabitants | Middle-sized town between 10,000- | 50,000 inhabitants | 3. Large town or city between 50,001- | 500,000 inhabitants | 4. Metropolitan area | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - FRANCE (2002): B2030 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. Rural (less than 2,000) | 2. Urban units (2,000-20,000) | 3. Urban units (20,000-100,000) | 4. Urban units (100,000-200,000) | Paris and its suburbs | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - IRELAND (2002): B2030 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. Open country | Village (200-1,499) | 2. Town (1,500-2,999) | Town (3,000-4,999) | Town (5,000-9,999) | Town (10,000 or more) | 3. Dublin County (outside Dublin City) | 4. Waterford City | Galway City | Limerick City | Cork City | Dublin City (including Dun Laoghaire) | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ISRAEL (2003): B2030 | | Category 3, "Suburbs of Large Town or City" was not included in | the Israeli survey instrument. Respondents were asked to choose | between categories 1, 2, or 4. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ITALY (2006): B2030 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. Less than 10 thousand | 2. Between 10 and 30 thousand | 3. Between 30 and 100 thousand | Between 100 and 250 thousand | 4. More than 250 thousand | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NETHERLANDS (2002): B2030 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. Not urban (1-499 addresses per square kilometer) | Hardly urban (500-999 addresses per square km) | 2. Mildly urban (1000-1499 addresses per square km) | 3. Strongly urban (1500-2499 addresses per square | km) | 4. Very strongly urban (more than 2500 addresses per | square km) | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NEW ZEALAND (2002): B2030 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. Rural settlement (under 10,000) | 2. Country town (under 10,000) | Larger country town | 4. Larger country town (over 25,000) | Major city (over 100,000) | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PORTUGAL (2002): B2030 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. Less than 2,000 inhabitants | 2. 2,001-20,000 inhabitants | 3. 20,001-100,000 inhabitants | 4. More than 100,000 inhabitants | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ROMANIA (2004): B2030 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. Rural Area or Village | 2. Small Town (< 30000) | 3. Middle-Sized Town (30000-100000) | 4. Large Town (100000-200000) | City (> 200000) | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - RUSSIA (2004): B2030 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. Rural | 2. Urban-Type Settlement | 3. Town | 4. Provincial Capital | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SLOVENIA (2004): B2030 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. 500-2000 | 2. 2000-4000 | 3. 4000-10000 | 10000-50000 | 4. 50000 or more | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWEDEN (2002): B2030 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 8. Volunteered: don't know/refused | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWITZERLAND (2003): B2030 | | There were two categories in the Swiss survey. Towns over | 10,000 inhabitants AND municipalities and towns situated within | a metropolitan area were coded 2 (urban). The rest were coded | 1 (rural municipalities). | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. Rural area or village | 2. Town or city | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - UNITED STATES (2004): B2030 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. 1. Rural area | 2. 2. Small town | 3. 3. Suburb | 4. 4. Large city | 5. Inner city | 9. 0. NA --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B2031 >>> PRIMARY ELECTORAL DISTRICT --------------------------------------------------------------------------- D31. Primary electoral district of respondent. .................................................................. 00001-90000. [SEE APPENDIX II FOR CODE VALUE LABELS] 99999. MISSING | NOTES: B2031 | | Wherever possible, this variable uses official district | identification numbers. | | In some cases, respondents' electoral districts were identified | "indirectly," through postal codes, etc., by the CSES staff | (always with the help of the appropriate collaborator(s)). Where | postal codes, etc., were ambiguous, cases are coded missing. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - AUSTRALIA (2004): B2031 | | Primary electoral districts are divisions within the Australian | state or territory. Each electorate has been given a four digit | number. The first two digits are indicative of a state or | territory, as listed in B2027. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CANADA (2004): B2031 | | The first two digits of the 5-digit electoral district code, as | shown in the codebook appendices' file, correspond to Canadian | provinces: | | 10. Newfoundland and Labrador/Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador | 11. Prince Edward Island/Île-du-Prince-Édouard | 12. Nova Scotia/Nouvelle-Écosse | 13. New Brunswick/Nouveau-Brunswick | 24. Quebec/Québec | 35. Ontario | 46. Manitoba | 47. Saskatchewan | 48. Alberta | 59. British Columbia/Colombie-Britannique | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CHILE (2005): B2031 | | This variable accounts for the lower house (Chamber of Deputies) | electoral districts. Upper house electoral districts are of | larger size. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CZECH REPUBLIC (2002): B2031 | | Not asked in the Czech Republic Election Study. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ISRAEL (2003): B2031 | | In Israel, the entire country is a single electoral district. | All cases are coded "00001". | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ITALY (2006): B2031 | | This variable accounts for the lower house (Chamber of Deputies) | electoral districts. Upper house electoral districts do not | overlap exactly. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - MEXICO (2003): B2031 | | This variable has four or five digits, the last three refer to | the electoral district within a state, while the first two | represent the code number of the federal state of the republic. | For instance: 02001 Refers to the state "02" and the district | "001" The 32 Federal States of Mexico are listed in Appendix II. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NETHERLANDS (2002): B2031 | | In the Netherlands, the entire country functions as a single | electoral district. Hence, it is coded "00001". | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - TAIWAN (2001): B2031 | | The Taiwan collaborator was unable to provide the primary | electoral districts in which the respondents resided. However, | in Taiwan the residential regions are closely related to primary | electoral districts, except for some urban districts. | Accordingly, the region variable (B2027) is employed as a proxy | for B2031. It should be noted that some regions were divided | into multiple districts. More specifically, Taipei County (code | 00001) contains three primary districts; Taipei City (code | 00063) contains two primary districts; and Kaohsiung City (code | 00064) contains two primary districts. The district level | electoral results (B4001, B4002 and B4004_A-B4004_E) reflect the | pooled results for these regions. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - TAIWAN (2004): B2031 | | The Taiwan collaborator was unable to provide primary electoral | districts for the respondents. However, in Taiwan the | residential regions closely relate to primary electoral | districts. Accordingly, the region variable (B2027) has been | employed as a proxy for B2031. It should be noted that some | regions were divided into multiple districts. Specifically, | Taipei County (code 00001) contains three primary districts, | Taipei City (code 00063) contains two primary districts, and | Kaohsiung City (code 00064) contains two primary districts. The | district level electoral results (B4004_A-B4004_B) reflect the | pooled results for these regions. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - UNITED STATES (2004): B2031 | | The first and second digits of the 4-digit district code | identify the state. The 3rd and 4th digits identify the | Congressional district number within the designated state | (there are a varying number of districts within each state). --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B2032 >>> DAYS INTERVIEW CONDUCTED POST ELECTION --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Number of days after the election interview conducted. .................................................................. 001-900. NUMBER OF DAYS 999. MISSING | NOTES: B2032 | | If the election was held on more than one day or involved | multiple rounds, this variable reports the number of days | from the first day of the election and/or the first round. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BRAZIL (2002): B2032 | | This variable reports the number of days after the first round | of elections (October 6, 2002). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ROMANIA (2004): B2032 | | This variable reports the number of days after the first round | of elections (November 28, 2004). =========================================================================== ))) CSES MODULE 2 MICRO-LEVEL DATA: SURVEY VARIABLES =========================================================================== --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B3001_1 >>> POLITICAL PARTICIPATION: PERSUADE OTHERS B3001_2 >>> POLITICAL PARTICIPATION: CAMPAIGN ACTIVITIES --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Q1. Here is a list of things some people do during elections. Which if any did you do during the most recent election? Q1a. ...talked to other people to persuade them to vote for a particular party or candidate? Q1b. ...showed your support for a particular party or candidate by, for example, attending a meeting, putting up a poster, or in some other way? .................................................................. 1. YES 2. NO 7. REFUSED 8. DON'T KNOW 9. MISSING | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ALBANIA (2005): B3001_1 and B3002_1 | | Question text: "C1. During the election campaign, did you | talk to other people to persuade them to vote for a particular | party or candidate?" | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ALBANIA (2005): B3001_2 and B3002_2 | | Question text: "C2. During the election campaign, did you show | your support for a particular party or candidate by attending a | meeting, campaign rally, putting up a poster, or in some other | way? | ELECTION STUDY NOTES – CANADA (2004): B3001_1 | | There was a notable difference in the question text of the | Canadian study which may lead to an overestimation of positive | responses. | | Question Text: During the CAMPAIGN, did you discuss the | election with other people: several times, once or twice, | or never? | Answers ‘several times’ and ‘once or twice’ were coded as ‘yes’. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CHILE (2005): B3001_1 | | In the original data one respondent (B1009=883) was coded as | mentioning "No", but also responded to the follow-up variable | B3002_1. To correct this apparent misapplication, the | respondent's answer to question B3001_1 has been changed to | "Yes". | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GREAT BRITAIN (2005): B3001_1 and B3002_1 | | Question text: "Here are some things some people do during | elections. Which, if any, of these things did you do during the | the most recent general election in May 2005?... talk to other | people to persuade them to vote for a particular party or | candidate?" | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. Yes, frequently | Yes, Occasionally | Yes, Rarely | 2. No | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GREAT BRITAIN (2005): B3001_2 and B3002_2 | | Question text: "Here are some things some people do during | elections. Which, if any, of these things did you do during the | the most recent general election in May 2005?... show your | support for a particular party or candidate by, for example, | attending a meeting, putting up a poster, or in some other way?" | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. Yes, frequently | Yes, Occasionally | Yes, Rarely | 2. No | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - JAPAN (2004): B3001_1 and B3002_1 | | Question text: "Q10. In the recent House of Councilors | election, did you try to persuade your friends and/or | acquaintances to vote for a particular candidate? Choose one | from the following." | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. Tried to persuade a lot | Tried to persuade several times | Tried to persuade a few times | 2. Did not try to persuade at all | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - JAPAN (2004): B3001_2 | | Question text: "Q25. During the most recent election campaign, | did you show your support for a certain party or candidate by | attending meetings, putting up posters or through other ways?" | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. I showed my support | 2. I did not show my support | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - KYRGYZSTAN (2005): B3001_1 | | The original question referred to the Presidential election of | July 10, 2005. Question text: "Q1.1. On July 10, 2005 the KR | Presidential elections took place. Did you persuade anyone to | vote for a particular candidate?" | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NEW ZEALAND (2002): B3001_1 and B3002_1 | | There was a notable difference in the question text of the | New Zealand study which may lead to an overestimation of positive | responses. | | Question text: "Here is a list of things some people do | during elections. During the most recent campaign did | you: discuss politics with others?" | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. Yes, frequently | Yes, occasionally | Yes, rarely | 2. No | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NEW ZEALAND (2002): B3001_2 and B3002_2 | | Question text: "Here is a list of things some people do during | elections. During the most recent campaign did you: show your | support for a particular party or candidate by attending a | meeting or putting up a poster or sign?" | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. Yes, frequently | Yes, occasionally | Yes, rarely | 2. No | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWEDEN (2002): B3001_1 and B3001_2 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 8. Volunteered: don't know/refused --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B3002_1 >>> HOW OFTEN DID R PERSUADE OTHERS B3002_2 >>> HOW OFTEN DID R PARTICIPATE IN CAMPAIGN ACTIVITIES --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Q1aa. [IF YES to Q1a] How often did you do this? Would you say frequently? Occasionally? Rarely? Q1bb. [IF YES to Q1b] How often did you do this? Would you say frequently? Occasionally? Rarely? .................................................................. 1. FREQUENTLY 2. OCCASIONALLY 3. RARELY 7. REFUSED 8. DON'T KNOW 9. MISSING | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ALBANIA (2005): B3001_1 and B3002_1 | | See election study note for B3001_1. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ALBANIA (2005): B3001_2 and B3002_2 | | See election study note for B3001_2. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GREAT BRITAIN (2005): B3001_1 and B3002_1 | | See election study note for B3001_1. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GREAT BRITAIN (2005): B3001_2 and B3002_2 | | See election study note for B3001_2. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - JAPAN (2004): B3001_1 and B3002_1 | | See election study note for B3001_1. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - JAPAN (2004): B3002_2 | | Question text: "Q25-SQ1. How frequently did you show your | support?" | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. Frequently | 2. Once in awhile | 3. Hardly ever | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - KYRGYZSTAN (2005): B3002_1 | | The original question referred to the Presidential election of | July 10, 2005 (see election study note for B3001_1). | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. Often | 2. Sometimes | 3. Seldom | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NEW ZEALAND (2002): B3001_1 and B3002_1 | | See election study note for B3001_1. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NEW ZEALAND (2002): B3001_2 and B3002_2 | | See election study note for B3001_2. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PERU (2006): B3002_1 | | Only those respondents who do not answer "YES" to B3001_1 are | supposed to get this question. However, due to some | inconsistency in the application of this series, there are 2 | respondents who answered "YES" to B3001_1 and still got this | question. These data remain unchanged. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWEDEN (2002): B3002_1 and B3002_2 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 8. Volunteered: don't know/refused --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B3003 >>> CONTACTED BY CANDIDATE OR PARTY DURING CAMPAIGN --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Q2. During the last campaign did a candidate or anyone from a political party contact you to persuade you to vote for them? .................................................................. 1. YES 2. NO 7. REFUSED 8. DON'T KNOW 9. MISSING | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWEDEN (2002): B3003 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 8. Volunteered: don't know/refused --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B3004_1 >>> CURRENT ELECTION: DID RESPONDENT CAST A BALLOT 1 B3004_2 >>> CURRENT ELECTION: DID RESPONDENT CAST A BALLOT 2 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Q3. Whether or not respondent cast a ballot (regardless of whether the ballot was valid). .................................................................. 1. R CAST A BALLOT 2. R DID NOT CAST A BALLOT 4. INCONSISTENT RESPONSE: R reported not casting a ballot but reported a vote choice 6. [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 7. REFUSED 8. DON'T KNOW 9. MISSING | NOTES: B3004 | | In formulating the question used to ascertain this information, | collaborators were requested to try to ask the question in a way | that minimizes over-reporting of voter turnout where this is | known to be a problem. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ALBANIA (2005): B3004_1 | | Voters in Albania vote both for a list and for a candidate. This | is applicable to both party choice items (as reported in B3006_1 | and B3006_2, respectively). Some inconsistencies may appear for | respondents who cast one but not the other vote. The | inconsistency code ("4" in B3004) was not applied here. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - AUSTRALIA (2004): B3004_1 | | This variable is reconstructed from the vote choice variable for | the HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES election. CSES category "2. R did | not cast ballot" corresponds to the original category "98. Voted | informal/did not vote". | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - AUSTRALIA (2004): B3004_2 | | This variable is reconstructed from the vote choice variable for | the SENATE election. CSES category "2. R did not cast ballot" | corresponds to the original category 98. Voted informal/did not | vote". | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BELGIUM (2003): B3004_1 | | This variable reports participation in elections for the Chamber | of Representatives on May 18th 2003. The corresponding party | choice is reported in B3006_1. This variable is reconstructed | from the original variable Q3 which reported the vote choice, | since the questionnaire did not include the filter question | concerning the electoral participation. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BELGIUM (2003): B3004_2 | | This variable reports participation in elections for the senate, | on May 18th 2003. The corresponding party choice is reported in | B3007_1. This variable is reconstructed from the original | variable Q4 which reported vote choice, since the questionnaire | did not include the filter question concerning the electoral | participation. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BRAZIL (2002): B3004_1 and B3004_2 | | Because of multiple elections held concurrently, the | inconsistency codes in B3004 - B3007 were not applied. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CHILE (2005): B3004_1 | | This variable reports participation in the legislative and first | round presidential election. These took place on December 11, | 2005. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - DENMARK (2001): B3004_1 | | This variable is reconstructed on the basis of the vote choice | variable (original deposit variable: q3q4.v5x). Respondents who | chose a party or responded "don't remember party", "will not | elucidate party choice" and who cast a blank vote are considered | as casting a ballot. | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 6. R is not eligible to vote | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - FRANCE (2002): B3004_1 | | This variable reports turnout in the first round of the | presidential election. | | Question text: "For one reason or another, lots of people | abstain from voting in the first round of a presidential | election. Did you, personally, vote in the first round of the | presidential election, on last April 21?" | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - FRANCE (2002): B3004_2 | | This variable reports turnout in the second round of the | presidential election. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GERMANY (2002): B3004_1 | | Voters in Germany have two votes - they can vote both for a list | and for a candidate. This variable is applicable to both as | reported in B3006_1 and B3006_2. However, some inconsistencies | appear for those respondents who cast one but not the other | vote. For this reason, the inconsistency vote ("4" in B3004) was | not applied here. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HUNGARY (2002): B3004_1 | | Voters in Hungary vote both for a list and for a candidate. This | variable is applicable to both (as reported in B3006_1 and | B3006_2) but some inconsistencies may appear for those | respondents who cast one but not the other vote. For this | reason, the inconsistency code ("4" in B3004) was not applied | here. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - JAPAN (2004): B3004_1 | | This variable reports turnout in single-member constituencies. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - JAPAN (2004): B3004_2 | | This variable reports turnout in single nation-wide proportional | constituency. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - KYRGYZSTAN (2005): B3004_1 | | This variable reports participation in the Presidential | elections of July 10, 2005. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NEW ZEALAND (2002): B3004_1 | | Voters in New Zealand have two votes: a party vote and the | electorate vote. This variable is applicable to both, but some | inconsistencies may appear for those respondents who cast one | but not the other vote. For this reason, the inconsistency code | ("4" in B3004) was not applied here. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PHILIPPINES (2004): B3004-B3006_1 | | Parliamentary, Senate, and Presidential elections were held | simultaneously. Thus, certain inconsistencies may occur for | those respondents who cast their vote for one but not the other. | Therefore the inconsistency codes (4 in B3004, and 94 in | B3005-B3006) have not been used. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - POLAND (2001): B3004_1 | | Sejm and Senate elections were held simultaneously. The original | question asked about participation in the "parliamentary | elections" of September 23, 2001. Thus, certain inconsistencies | may occur for those respondents who cast vote for one but not | the other. Also, please note that in particular electoral | districts, voters were entitled to cast two, three, or four | votes for senate candidates. Hence, the increasing number of | missing cases in variables B3007_1 to B3007_4. | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 6. I am not eligible | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PORTUGAL (2002 and 2005): B3004_1 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 6. Respondent is not eligible to vote | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ROMANIA (2004): B3004_1 | | Data refer to the parliamentary elections, and the first round | of the presidential elections. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ROMANIA (2004): B3004_2 | | Data refer to the second round of the presidential election. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - RUSSIA (2004): B3004_1 | | This variable reports participation in the Presidential | elections of March, 14 2004. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWEDEN (2002): B3004_1 | | These data are validated. They are from the Central Register | which has records if the respondent actually voted or not. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - TAIWAN (2004): B3004_1 | | Thus variable reports participation in the Presidential | elections of March 20, 2004. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - UNITED STATES (2004): B3004-B3007 | | Variable B3004_1 reports answer to the general question about | participation in "in the elections this November", that is not | specifically about participation in the presidential, senate, or | house of representatives elections. Therefore the inconsistency | codes (4 in B3004, and 94 in B3005-B3007) were not utilized. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B3005_1 >>> CURRENT ELECTION: VOTE CHOICE - PRESIDENT 1 B3005_2 >>> CURRENT ELECTION: VOTE CHOICE - PRESIDENT 2 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- If applicable and respondent cast a ballot: Q4A. This variable reports the presidential candidate or party affiliation of the presidential candidate for whom the respondent voted. .................................................................. 01-89. [SEE APPENDIX I FOR PARTY AND LEADER CODES] 90. [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 94. INCONSISTENT RESPONSE: R reported casting a ballot but R did not vote 96. RESPONDENT CAST INVALID BALLOT 97. REFUSED 98. DON'T KNOW 99. MISSING | NOTES: B3005 | | See also notes for variable B3004. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - FRANCE (2002): B3005_1 | | This variable reports vote choice in the first round of the | presidential election. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - FRANCE (2002): B3005_2 | | This variable reports vote choice in the second round of the | presidential election. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - KYRGYZSTAN (2005): B3005_1 | | Candidates participating in the early presidential election of | July 10, 2005 did not represent political parties. Therefore, | there is no straightforward connection between the presidential | candidates and political parties recorded in other CSES items | and listed in the Appendix. | | The following table shows coding of the candidates reported in | B3005_1: | | 01. Akbarali Aitikeev | 02. Kurmanbek Bakiev | 03. Bakir uulu Tursunbai | 04. Keneshbek Dushebaev | 05. Zhipar Zheksheev | 06. Toktaiim Umetalieva | 90. None of the above | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PHILIPPINES (2004): B3004-B3006_1 | | Parliamentary, Senate, and Presidential elections were held | simultaneously. Thus, certain inconsistencies may occur for | those respondents who cast vote for one but not the other. | Therefore the inconsistency codes (4 in B3004, and 94 in | B3005-B3006) have not been used. | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 90. Voted but did not vote for a presidential | candidate | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ROMANIA (2004): B3005_1 | | This variable reports vote choice in the first round of the | presidential election. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ROMANIA (2004): B3005_2 | | This variable reports vote choice in the second round of the | presidential election. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - RUSSIA (2004): B3005_1 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 01. Glazyev, Sergey Yurevich | 02. Malyshkin, Oleg Alexandrovich | 03. Mironov, Sergey Mikhailovich | 04. Putin, Vladimir Vladimirovich | 05. Khakamada, Irina Mutsuovna | 06. Kharitonov, Nikolai Mikhailovich | 90. Against All Candidates | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - TAIWAN (2004): B3005_1 | | In the Taiwan 2004 presidential election voters cast one | ballot for their preferred presidential and vice-presidential | candidate simultaneously. Thus, when survey respondents report | for whom they voted, they mentioned both components of the | ballot. | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 01. 1. Chen and Lu (DPP, and supported by PFP and | TAIP) | 02. 2. Lien and Soong (KMT and PFP, respectively | and supported by NP) | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - UNITED STATES (2004): B3004-B3007 | | Variable B3004_1 reports answers to the general question about | participation "in the elections this November", that is, not | specifically about participation in the presidential, senate, | or house of representatives elections. Therefore, inconsistency | codes (4 in B3004, and 94 in B3005-B3007) were not applied. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B3006_1 >>> CURRENT ELECTION: VOTE CHOICE - LOWER HOUSE 1 B3006_2 >>> CURRENT ELECTION: VOTE CHOICE - LOWER HOUSE 2 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- If applicable and respondent cast a ballot: This variable reports the vote(s) cast by the respondent in lower house elections. See Election Study Notes for more information. .................................................................. 01-89. [SEE APPENDIX I FOR PARTY AND LEADER CODES] 90. [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 91 [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 94. INCONSISTENT RESPONSE: R reported casting a ballot but R did not vote 96. RESPONDENT CAST INVALID BALLOT 97. REFUSED 98. DON'T KNOW 99. MISSING | NOTES: B3006 | | See also notes for variables B3004-B3005. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ALBANIA (2005): B3006_1 | | This variable reports the respondents' 'proportional vote', | i.e., vote for party list. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ALBANIA (2005): B3006_2 | | This variable reports the respondents' district candidate votes. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CANADA (2004): B3006_1 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 90. None of them | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - FINLAND (2003): B3006_1 | | This variable reports candidate or candidate preference vote in | the legislative elections. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - IRELAND (2002): B3006_1 | | This variable reports each respondent's first preference vote. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GERMANY (2002): B3006_1 | | This variable reports the respondents' party list ("second") | votes. | | Please also see election study note for B3004_1. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GERMANY (2002): B3006_2 | | This variable reports the respondents' candidate ("first") | votes. | | Please also see election study note for B3004_1. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HUNGARY (2002): B3006_1 | | This variable reports the respondents' party list votes. | | Please also see election study note for B3004_1. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HUNGARY (2002): B3006_2 | | This variable reports the respondents' district candidate votes. | | Please also see election study note for B3004_1. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ITALY (2006): B3006_1 | | One respondent (ID-respondent B1009=0000116607) mentioned voting | for the Forward Italy-National Alliance. These two parties ran | together only in the small electoral district of Valle D'Aosta. | Accordingly, we coded this case as voting for Forward Italy, | since this is the biggest party. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NEW ZEALAND (2002): B3006_1 | | This variable reports the respondents' party list votes. These | vote data are validated. | | Please also see election study note for B3004_1 | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NEW ZEALAND (2002): B3006_2 | | This variable reports the respondents' "electorate" or district | candidate votes. These vote data are validated. | | Please also see election study note for B3004_1 | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PERU (2006): B3006_1 | | Due to inconsistencies in the application of this series, there | are 3 respondents who answered "YES" to B3028 and still got this | question. These data remain unchanged. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PHILIPPINES (2004): B3004-B3006_1 | | Parliamentary, Senate, and Presidential elections were held | simultaneously. Thus, certain inconsistencies may occur for | those respondents who cast vote for one but not the other. | Therefore the inconsistency codes (4 in B3004, and 94 in | B3005-B3006) have not been used. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PHILIPPINES (2004): B3006_1 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 91. Voted but did not vote for a lower house | candidate | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - POLAND (2001): B3006 | | Please see notes for B3004. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SOUTH KOREA (2004): B3006_1 | | This variable represents votes in the single nation-wide | proportional district. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SOUTH KOREA (2004): B3006_2 | | This variable represents votes in single member districts. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SPAIN (2004): B3006_1 | | Blank vote is a valid ballot. In Spain there are two types of | ballots - valid and invalid. Within the valid ballots there are | two types: ballots for party lists and blank ballots. A blank | ballot is not counted for any list but it is counted as a valid | ballot. | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 96. Blank Vote | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWEDEN (2002): B3006_1 | | These data are validated for actual turn-out. | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 98. Volunteered: don't know/refused | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - TAIWAN (2001): B3006_1 | | This variable reports respondents' district candidate votes. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - UNITED STATES (2004): B3004-B3007 | | Variable B3004_1 reports answers to the general question about | participation "in the elections this November"; that is, not | specifically about participation in the presidential, senate, or | house of representatives elections. Therefore, inconsistency | codes (4 in B3004, and 94 in B3005-B3007) were not applied. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B3007_1 >>> CURRENT ELECTION: VOTE CHOICE - UPPER HOUSE 1 B3007_2 >>> CURRENT ELECTION: VOTE CHOICE - UPPER HOUSE 2 B3007_3 >>> CURRENT ELECTION: VOTE CHOICE - UPPER HOUSE 3 B3007_4 >>> CURRENT ELECTION: VOTE CHOICE - UPPER HOUSE 4 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- If applicable and respondent cast a ballot: This variable reports the vote(s) cast by the respondent in UPPER house elections. See Election Study Notes for more information. .................................................................. 01-89. [SEE APPENDIX I FOR PARTY AND LEADER CODES] 90. [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 91 [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 94. INCONSISTENT RESPONSE: R reported casting a ballot but R did not vote 96. RESPONDENT CAST INVALID BALLOT 97. REFUSED 98. DON'T KNOW 99. MISSING | NOTES: B3007 | | See also notes for variable B3004-3006. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - JAPAN (2004): B3007_1 | | This variable reports respondents' single-member district vote. | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 96. Blank Vote | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - JAPAN (2004): B3007_2 | | This variable reports respondents' proportional district vote. | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 96. Blank Vote | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - POLAND (2001): B3007 | | The question about electoral participation (B3004) is not | strictly applicable for B3007 variables in the Polish case. In | particular, electoral districts' voters were entitled to cast | two, three, or four votes for Senate candidates. Hence, the | increasing number of missing cases in variables B3007_1 to | B3007_4. For the same reason, the inconsistency codes ("94" in | B3007 and "4" in B3004) were not applied here. | | See also notes for B3004. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - UNITED STATES (2004): B3004-B3007 | | Variable B3004_1 reports answers to the general question about | participation "in the elections this November", that is, not | specifically about participation in the presidential, Senate, or | House of Representatives elections. Therefore, inconsistency | codes (4 in B3004, and 94 in B3005-B3007) were not applied. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B3008 >>> CURRENT ELECTION: DID R CAST CANDIDATE PREFERENCE VOTE --------------------------------------------------------------------------- If applicable and respondent cast a ballot: Q4D. For elections in which the respondent can vote for (or rank) candidates of a chosen party list (i.e. where lists are "open" or flexible), this variable reports whether or not the respondent cast a preference vote. .................................................................. 1. R EXERCISED CANDIDATE PREFERENCE 2. R DID NOT EXERCISE CANDIDATE PREFERENCE 6. INVALID BALLOT 7. REFUSED 8. DON'T KNOW 9. MISSING | NOTES: B3008 | | See also notes for variable B3004-3007. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BELGIUM (2003): B3008 | | The deposited codes are adjusted to the CSES standard in the | following way: | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. 2. Candidates | 3. Both | 2. 1. Party | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - IRELAND (2002): B3008 | | Under the Single Transferable Vote (STV) rules that govern the | Irish electoral system, all voters cast a preference or | ranking-ordering over candidates. Therefore, analysts should | refer to B3004. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWEDEN (2002): B3008 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 8. Volunteered: don't know/refused --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B3009 >>> MOST IMPORTANT ISSUE --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Q5. What do you think has been the most important issue facing [country] over the last [number of years that the last government was in office] years? .................................................................. 01-996. [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 997. REFUSED 998. DON'T KNOW 999. MISSING | NOTES: B3009 | | Collaborators have coded responses to this question and provided | the following response categories. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ALBANIA (2005): B3009 | | 001. Unemployment | 002. Corruption | 003. Low wages and pensions | 004. Water and electricity | 005. Support for agriculture | 006. Private property return | 007. Emigration and visas | 008. European integration | 009. Education | 010. Public order | 011. High taxes | 012. Political instability | 013. Economic monopolies | 014. Poverty | 015. Health services | 016. Bad governance | 017. Housing | 018. Law enforcement | 019. Foreign policy | 020. Legalization of houses | 021. High prices | 023. Economic growth | 025. Investments | 031. Other | 032. No problem | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - AUSTRALIA (2004): B3009 | | Respondents were given a list of 12 issues and asked "which of | these issues was most important to you and your family during | the election campaign?". This variable reports their first | choice. | | 001. Taxation | 002. Immigration | 003. Education | 004. The environment | 005. Industrial relations | 006. Health and Medicare | 007. Refugees and asylum seekers | 008. Defense and national security | 009. The war in Iraq | 010. Unemployment | 011. Interest rates | 012. Terrorism | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BELGIUM (2003): B3009 | | 001. Stance of Belgium concerning war in Iraq | 002. Air traffic during night | 003. Traffic Safety | 004. Public Transportation | 005. Crime | 006. Tax reform | 007. Refugees | 008. Food quality | 009. Representation of the Flemish in Brussels | 010. Employment | 011. Environment | 012. Trade of Weapons | 013. Ban of tobacco advertisements during sporting events | 014. Immigrants | 015. Financing of retirement pay | 016. Toleration of soft drugs | 017. Law concerning crimes against humanity | 018. Future of public enterprises: NMBS, SABENA, De Post... | 019. Euthanasia | 020. Bankruptcy of companies | 021. Isolation of "Vlaams Blok" | 022. Protection of children | 023. Reform of public administration (Copernicus) | 024. Replacement of nuclear energy | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BRAZIL (2002): B3009 | | 001. Unemployment | 002. Crime, public safety | 003. Inflation | 004. Corruption | 005. Education | 006. Health | 007. Poverty | 009. Social inequalities | 010. Low income | 011. Economic crisis | 012. Current government | 013. Drugs | 014. Foreign debt | 017. Corruption of parties/politicians | 018. Drought | 019. Public transportation | 021. Devaluation of exchange rate | 022. The level of taxes | 995 other | 996 none | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BULGARIA (2001): B3009 | | 001. Health care | 002. Corruption | 003. Unemployment | 004. Low incomes | 005. Social insurance system | 006. National security | 007. Ethnic minorities problems | 008. Crime, organized crime | 009. Inflation | 010. Military conflicts on the Balkans | 011. Current demographic processes | 012. Political confrontation | 013. Reforms in the educational system | 014. Social inequality | 015. Bureaucracy | 016. Crisis in agriculture | 017. Ineffective court system | 018. Privatization | 019. Achievement of stable economic growth | 024. Negotiations with the EU | 027. Entering the NATO | 031. Conducting the parliamentary elections | 032. Political crisis/lack of trust in institutions | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CANADA (2004): B3009 | | 010. Create jobs/reduce unemployment | 020. General mention: debt, deficit, fiscal, waste, etc. | 025. Government spending, government waste | 026. Balance the budget/budget | 030. Economy | 035. Agriculture | 036. BSE | 039. Oil and gas (fuel) prices | 048. Military/military spending/defense | 050. Taxes | 057. Health care | 058. Health and taxes | 059. Health and jobs | 060. Social programs, services, and issues | 061. Old age pensions/seniors and health care | 062. Protect child care/family benefits | 063. Jobs and social programs (both) | 064. Health care and education | 065. Education | 068. Elderly, seniors | 069. Immigration | 070. Same sex marriage | 071. Crime/violence/gun control | 072. Poverty | 073. Abortion | 074. Rights and equality: aboriginal, women, etc. | 075. Environment | 076. Moral issues | 077. Gun control/registry | 078. Environment | 079. Foreign/US affairs/national security | 080. Quebec sovereignty/interests | 081. National unity | 082. Federal/provincial relations | 085. National security (war on terror) | 090. Scandal (sponsorship) | 091. Honesty and integrity, credibility, accountability | 092. To form a majority government | 093. To get a minority government | 094. Defeat Conservatives/elect Liberals | 095. To beat the Liberals/Martin, change | 097. None, no issue important | 098. Other and multiple responses [not coded elsewhere] | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CHILE (2005): B3009 | | 001. Unemployment | 002. Work situation, employment | 003. Poverty | 004. The economy, economic problems, high prices | 005. Low wages, lack of money | 006. The pensioners, low pensions | 007. Crime rates, security | 008. Drugs, drug abuse | 009. Education, lack of money for education | 010. Health, national health plan, bad public health | 011. Public Housing | 012. Corruption | 013. Political problems, politicians, bad administration | 014. Alcoholism | 015. Contamination, environmental problems | 016. Lack of opportunities | 017. Justice, lack of justice | 018. Pedophilia, Spiniak case, attack against children | 019. Problems with neighbor countries | 020. Pessimism, lack of hope | 021. Inequality | 022. Road Infrastructure | 023. Other economic problems | 024. Other social problems | 025. Other political problems | 026. Other problems | 027. None | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CZECH REPUBLIC (2002): B3009 | | Not included in the Czech survey. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - DENMARK (2001): B3009 | | 040. Progress for the country (not specified) | 060. Government formation, including composition | 100. Credibility of politicians | 110. Political consensus | 150. Democracy/human rights | 160. Public administration (the dominance of the capital, etc.) | 190. Other specific answers about politicians, public | administration and democracy | 200. The economy | 210. Employment, unemployment (including employment policies) | 220. Maintain employment in country | 230. Balance of payments/external debt | 280. Competition and property | 290. Other specific answers about the economy | 300. Agriculture/fishery | 301. Ecology | 320. Conditions for industries | 340. Small business owners | 370. Equal pay, equal rights for women | 400. Taxes generally | 410. VAT and tariffs | 430. Income tax (levels of income tax) | 440. Tax reform/tax level | 461. Public sector | 470. Redistribution of public expenditure | 471. Reduction in committees, councils etc. | 472. Reduction in public expenditure | 480. Tax cuts | 481. Tax freeze | 490. Other specific answers about taxes | 500. Housing problems | 501. Housing for young people | 530. Health care | 531. Waiting lists | 550. Too many refugees/immigrants | 551. No more refugees/immigrants | 552. Expulsion of refugees/immigrants | 553. Stop family reunification (negative) | 554. Asylum and immigration policy too soft | 557. Forced marriages | 558. Second generation immigrants | 559. Other negative comments about immigrants and Muslims in | Denmark | 560. Income policy | 570. Integration of refugees/immigrants | 571. Refugees and immigrants | 572. Immigration, asylum and integration policies | 580. Ensure better integration of refugees/immigrants (positive | remarks) | 581. Fighting racism | 582. Too restrictive immigration/asylum policies | 583. Other positive comments about refugees/immigrants | 600. Environment (including energy policy) | 620. Nursing homes | 630. Care for the mentally ill | 660. Pollution | 700. Social problems (including social policies) | 701. Poverty | 703. Homelessness | 704. Inequality and redistribution | 710. Pensions | 711. Early retirement scheme (maintaining it) | 712. Abolishing the early retirement scheme | 720. Elderly people | 730. Youth problems | 740. Families with children/child care | 741. Children's rights | 742. Maternity leave | 760. Violence, Crime, Law and order/Legal affairs, police | 761. Simplification of the law | 780. Maintaining welfare policies | 781. Welfare (welfare state) | 800. Foreign policy | 810. EU, common market, EMU | 811. EU opt-outs | 820. NATO, Middle East | 840. Defense/security policies | 850. Development Aid (global inequality) | 862. Terror | 870. EU generally (including the Amsterdam treaty) | 890. Other specific foreign policy answers | 891. Globalization | 900. Education | 910. Schools | 940. Financial support for students | 960. Culture policies/research | 970. Stopping development aid | 980. Church issues | 990. No problems | 991. Regional problems | 992. "The pension bomb" | 993. Traffic, speed limits, infrastructure | 994. Animal welfare | 995. Diffuse answers; everything | 996. Other specific diffuse answers | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - FINLAND (2003): B3009 | | 001. Foreign policy, international relations | 002. European policy | 003. NATO membership | 004. Peace | 005. Democracy | 006. Virtuousness and fairness of politicians | 007. Economic development | 008. Employment, unemployment | 009. Entrepreneurial climate | 010. Social security, health care, welfare services | 011. Family policy, welfare of the family | 012. Education, needs of students | 013. Poverty, social inequality, welfare of persons with low | income | 014. Housing situation, homelessness | 015. Equality | 016. Taxation and state finance | 017. Municipalities, municipal (local government) finance | 018. Regional policy, regional disparity | 019. Nature conservation | 020. Welfare of the elderly | 021. Welfare of the young | 022. Welfare of families with children | 023. Welfare of the family | 024. Welfare of single parents | 025. Needs of the employee | 026. Agriculture, welfare of the farmer | 027. Law enforcement, policing, crime | 028. Maintaining traditional moral values | 029. Immigrants and immigration issues | 030. Nuclear power | 032. Illegal drugs | 034. Independence of the country | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - FRANCE (2002): B3009 | | 001. Insecurity | 002. Unemployment/employment | 004. Working hours | 005. European integration | 006. The level of taxes | 007. Globalization and the role of the markets and corporatism | in the world | 009. Education and training | 010. Immigration | 011. Social inequalities | 012. The environment | 013. The national sovereignty of France | 014. The maintenance of the authority of the state | 015. Future of the French way of life in a world economy | 017. Retirement | 018. Political-financial scandals | 019. The level of purchasing power | 020. The place of France in the world | 021. The 2002 presidential elections/rise of the extreme right | 022. Cohabitation (divided government) | 023. Other | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GERMANY (2002): B3009 | | 001. Equalization east/west Germany | 002. Unemployment/labor market | 003. Xenophobia | 004. Too many foreigners/asylum seekers | 005. Military commitment Balkan/Afghanistan | 006. Bureaucracy | 007. Education/school/training | 008. Family policies | 009. Health system reform, health insurance | 010. State budget/state deficit | 011. High water/flood catastrophe | 012. Iraq (-war) | 013. Corruption of parties/politicians | 014. Crime, inner security | 015. Pension (-reform), old age security | 016. Social injustice | 017. Taxes/tax reform | 018. Fight against terrorism | 019. Environmental pollution/problems; global warming | 020. Economic situation | 080. Others | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GREAT BRITAIN (2005): B3009 | | 001. Iraq War | 002. Terrorism | 003. Immigration | 004. Asylum Seekers | 005. NHS | 006. Environment | 007. Crime | 008. Anti-Social Behaviour | 009. Civil Liberties | 010. Europe | 011. The Euro | 012. Education | 013. World Order | 014. Defense | 015. Pensions | 016. The Economy | 017. Transport | 018. Community Relations | 019. Poverty | 020. Other | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HONG KONG (2004): B3009 | | 001. People's livelihood | 002. Economy | 003. Employment | 004. Government capability | 005. Transportation | 006. Implementing the basic law | 007. Demonstrations | 009. Hourly wage and working hours | 010. Social conflict | 011. Education | 012. Relationship between China and Hong Kong | 013. Democratic development | 014. Conflicts among political parties | 015. Housing | 016. Social welfare | 017. Individual freedom | 018. Public health and medical system | 019. Youth | 020. Political reforms | 021. Government deficit | 022. New immigrants | 023. Environmental protection | 024. No problem | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HUNGARY (2002): B3009 | | 001. Unemployment | 002. Problems of young people | 004. Livelihood of pensioners | 005. Living standards, livelihood | 006. Corruption, sleaze | 007. Agriculture | 009. Environment protection | 010. Inflation, price hikes | 011. Health care | 012. Family allowance | 013. Future of residential buildings made of concrete | 014. Poverty | 015. Education | 016. Housing | 017. Crime, public safety | 020. NATO accession | 023. Peace | 024. Foreign policy | 025. Social safety network | 026. The economy | 028. Technological progress | 030. Wages, salaries | 031. Minorities | 033. Human relations, moral | 034. Law on ethnic Hungarians in neighboring countries | 035. Legislation on interfamilial relations | 038. Domestic politics | 040. Privatization | 042. Foreign debt | 044. Immigrants | 048. Disabled (wheelchaired) people | 052. Transportation | 053. Taxes, social security contribution | 056. Highways | 059. European Union membership of Hungary | 062. Budgetary issues | 063. Declining population size of country | 065. Housing problems of the young | 067. Reform of retirement age | 068. Homeless people | 069. Democracy | 072. Income inequalities | 075. Ethnic Hungarians in neighboring countries | 081. Weather, climate | 084. Flooding rivers, natural catastrophes | 086. Mortgage schemes | 087. Elections | 088. The government's acts | 089. Terrorism, war | 090. Minimum wage | 093. Pension increase | 094. National theatre | 096. Other | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ICELAND (2003): B3009 | | 001. Foreign policy | 003. Europe | 004. Foreign trade | 005. The Economy | 006. Economical stability | 007. Privatization | 008. Public expenditure | 009. Taxes | 010. Wages | 012. Prices and inflation | 013. Agriculture | 014. Fisheries | 015. The fishery quota system | 016. Industrial affairs | 017. New - power stations | 019. Cultural matters | 020. Social welfare | 021. Equality | 024. Education | 025. Health matters | 026. Family matters | 030. Employment | 031. Regional policy | 032. Transportation | 033. Democracy | 035. Environmental issues | 037. Other issues | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - IRELAND (2002): B3009 | | 001. Abortion | 002. Crime | 003. Drugs | 004. Northern Ireland peace process | 005. Corruption and dishonesty in politics | 006. Traffic | 007. Health | 008. Inflation/rising prices | 009. Unemployment | 010. Taxes | 011. Environment | 012. European Union | 013. Public transport | 014. Immigration | 015. Other | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ISRAEL (2003): B3009 | | 001. Security (general) | 002. Palestinians/territories (general) | 003. Jerusalem | 004. Settlements in territories | 005. Palestinian terror | 006. Removing Arafat | 007. Lebanon, Hizballah | 008. International terror | 009. Iraqi threat, missiles | 010. Foreign policy, negotiations for peace (general) | 011. Final settlement with Palestinians | 012. Syria and Golan | 013. Economy (general) | 014. Stop inflation | 015. Economic growth end of decline | 016. Reducing unemployment | 017. Internal affairs (general) | 018. Reduce social gap | 019. Housing young couples | 020. Education | 021. Health | 022. Crime, drugs | 023. Violence in family | 024. Traffic accidents | 025. Immigrant absorption | 026. Environment | 027. Religious character of state | 028. Religious secular relations | 029. Israeli Arabs | 030. Foreign workers | 031. Corruption/rule of law | 032. Democracy civil rights | 033. Form of government | 034. Government performance | 035. Unity | 036. Everything | 037. Other | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ITALY (2006): B3009 | | In the original Italian dataset 12.8% of the respondents | mentioned more than one problem. The CSES dataset includes the | first problem mentioned by the respondent. | | 001. Immigration | 002. Immigrants | 003. Crime | 004. Criminal Organizations: Mafia | 005. Sexual Crimes | 006. Pedophilia | 007. Drugs | 008. Terrorism | 009. Italian Terrorist Organization: Brigate Rosse | 010. Iraq Wars | 011. Terrorist Attacks against Italians in Iraq | 012. Economy | 013. Industrial sectors' problems | 014. Government Deficit | 016. Taxation | 017. Politics: negative evaluations | 018. Foreign politics | 019. Politicians: negative evaluations | 020. Left parties: ideological evaluations | 021. Communism | 022. Government inefficiency | 023. Prodi | 024. Berlusconi | 025. Berlusconi's politics | 026. Berlusconi's personality | 027. Job market regulations | 028. Unemployment | 029. Euro | 032. Low incomes/Wages/Salaries | 033. Inflation | 034. Housing | 035. School/Education | 036. Environment | 037. Healthcare System | 038. Emigration | 039. Pensions | 040. Social/civic Issues | 041. Traffic Safety | 042. Abortion/moral issues | 043. Legal System | 044. All/Too many problems in Italy | 045. Other | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - JAPAN (2004): B3009 | | Question text: "Q26. Regarding the various problems with | policies over the last few years, which was the most important | to you? Any type of problem is fine. Please be as specific as | possible." | | 001. Administrative reform issue in the National Government | 002. Unemployment issue | 003. Pension issue | 004. Tax issue especially consumption issue | 005. Agriculture issue | 006. Privatization issue of postal service | 007. Privatization issue of road public cooperation | 008. Reform issue of the Constitution | 009. Political corruption/distrust in politicians | 010. Countercyclical action issue | 011. Financial policy issue | 012. Pubic cooperation issue in general | 013. Economic issue in general | 014. Price and life issue | 015. Foreign policy | 016. Iraq and the Self-Defence Force issue | 017. North Korea issue | 018. Self defence/army base | 019. Education issue | 020. Social welfare/social security | 021. Eldercare issue | 022. Low birthrate/child care issue | 023. Crime issue | 024. Environmental issue | 095. Other | 096. Nothing special | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - KYRGYZSTAN (2005): B3009 | | 001. Poverty | 002. Unemployment | 003. Corruption | 004. Economic crisis | 005. Political instability | 006. Social problems | 007. Tribalism, influence of clan in hiring | 008. Laws don't work | 009. Instability in society | 010. Criminal situation | 011. Industrial problems | 012. Agricultural problems | 013. Chaos, disorder | 014. Parliamentary elections | 015. Land and housing problems | 016. Population migration | 017. Low living standards | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - MEXICO (2003): B3009 | | 001. Unemployment | 002. Delinquency, insecurity, kidnappings | 003. Country economy, economic crisis | 004. Poverty, marginalization | 005. Corruption, impunity | 006. The USA war | 007. Change of government, president, party | 008. Low wages | 009. Conflicts between the political parties of the congress | 010. Drug addiction | 011. A bad government, bad civil employees | 012. The political instability in the country | 013. Natural issues, earthquakes, tremors, etc. | 014. Devaluation | 015. The field, support to the farmers | 016. Shortage of water | 017. Narco-traffic | 018. don't support the USA in the war | 019. Taxes issues, taxes, increasing of IVA | 020. Public services, lighting system, drainage, etc. | 021. Sweepings | 022. Chiapas conflict | 023. Education, scholarships to students | 024. Structural reforms, they don't make changes to the law | 025. Inflation, high prices | 026. External debt, problem with the TLC | 027. Ecology | 028. Migration | 029. Health, diseases | 030. Prostitution | 031. Other | 032. Insufficiently specified | 033. Anything | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NETHERLANDS (2002): B3009 | | 001. Abortion/euthanasia | 002. resignation government | 003. poverty | 004. asylum seekers/foreigners (integration) | 005. bureaucracy | 006. corruption | 007. crime/crime fighting | 008. economy | 009. Euro | 010. European integration | 011. mobility/traffic | 012. lack of tolerance | 013. tolerance policy (drugs) | 014. health care | 015. inflation | 016. youth | 017. environment (pollution) | 018. (lack of) norms and values | 019. education/lack of teaching staff | 020. public transport | 021. rise of Pim Fortuyn | 022. death of Pim Fortuyn | 023. social relations between people | 024. social provisions (benefits) | 025. safety (violence on the street, at the stadiums) | 026. aging of population | 027. discrimination/racism | 028. housing | 029. elderly care | 030. employment/unemployment | 031. politics in general | 032. elections/electoral behaviour | 033. division of poor and rich | 034. the Netherlands become too full | 035. Disablement Insurance Act | 036. the police | 037. taxation system | 038. other | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NEW ZEALAND (2002): B3009 | | 001. Health | 002. Health - lack of funding | 003. Quality provision for rural | 005. Hospitals/waiting lists | 006. Nurses | 009. Elderly health | 011. Education | 013. Education- quality | 014. Teachers strike | 015. Student loans | 019. Early/primary education | 021. Economy | 022. Lack of direction/reality (people or government) | 024. Need to export | 025. Encourage growth | 027. Knowledge economy | 028. Living beyond means | 029. Need for foreign investment | 030. Interest rates | 031. Welfare | 032. Welfare - lack funding | 033. Poverty | 034. Redistribute wealth/social justice | 035. Family support | 036. Dependency | 037. Excessive expenditure | 038. Child safety | 039. Housing | 041. Law and order | 042. Too much crime | 043. Penalties too soft | 044. More police | 045. Youth crime | 046. Drugs | 047. Violence | 051. Maori | 057. Treaty general | 058. Racism | 060. Division | 061. Taxes | 062. Taxes - too high | 063. Too much government expenditure | 066. Business tax breaks/assistance | 071. Political discontent | 072. Honesty/integrity | 073. Leadership | 075. Too much bickering | 077. Complain bureaucrats | 079. Lack of direction | 080. Politicians don't listen | 081. Social discontent | 082. Social decline | 085. Lack of religion/values | 086. Breakdown family | 088. People not helping each other | 089. Abortion | 091. Unemployment | 094. Youth | 095. Create jobs | 111. Superannuation | 116. Old age issues | 121. Immigration | 122. Immigration - too much | 126. Young people going overseas | 130. Refugees/asylum seekers | 131. Wages/salaries | 132. Wages/salaries - too low | 151. Foreign policy | 152. Retain New Zealand identity | 153. Global threat | 161. Environment | 166. GE general | 168. Hunting/fishing | 170. MMP general | 171. Defense | 173. Keep air combat | 181. Transport | 191. Privatization | 192. Oppose foreign owners | 203. Industrial unrest | 219. Decriminalize cannabis | 242. Money for nothing | 243. Parental leave | 272. Anti-MMP | 273. Stable government | 322. Inflation | 323. Exchange rate | 324. Debt | 327. Cost of living | 400. Alcohol | 402. Air New Zealand | 403. Biosecurity | 404. Government finance | 405. Globalization general | 406. Youth issues general | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NORWAY (2001): B3009 | | 011. Employment | 012. Taxes | 013. Social equalization/distribution | 014. Growth of public sector | 015. Industrial/trade politics | 016. Interest rates | 017. Management of oil funds | 018. Raising prices | 019. (Other) economic issues | 020. Energy | 021. Care for the elderly | 022. Health service | 024. Welfare benefits/abuse of welfare benefits | 026. Modernization of public sector | 027. Housing | 028. Privatization | 029. (Other) health/social issues | 030. Poverty | 031. Kindergartens | 032. Cash benefit for families with small children | 035. (Other) child and family issues | 039. School and educational issues | 045. (Other) moral/religious issues | 046. Our relationship with the EU | 050. International peace keeping forces | 051. NATO | 053. Defense and security policy issues | 054. Fight against terrorism | 055. (Other) foreign policy issues | 056. Environmental issues | 058. Oil politics/distribution of national resources | 059. Gas power plants | 060. Food safety | 061. Decentralization/support for sparsely populated areas | 062. Agricultural- fishery policies | 063. Trusting politicians | 064. Egoism | 066. Criminal policy | 067. Immigration/refugee policy | 068. Aid to developing countries | 069. Alcohol and drug abuse | 070. Preserve the welfare state | 071. The question of government alternatives | 074. Fight against racism | 075. Other issues | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PERU (2006): B3009 | | 001. Poverty | 002. Unemployment, Lack of Jobs | 003. Economic Policy, Economic Problems | 004. Inflation | 005. Crime, Violence | 006. Terrorism | 007. Drug Traffic, Coca Cultures | 008. Foreign Trade, Free Trade Agreements | 009. Corruption, Corruption Cases | 010. Camisea Gas Reserve | 011. Public Infrastructure | 012. Social Protest | 013. Democracy, Human Rights | 014. Foreign Policy, Foreign Relations | 015. Elections | 016. Public Health Issues | 017. Education | 018. Other Economic Issues (Agriculture, Mining, Investments) | 019. De-legitimization of Politics | 020. Decentralization | 021. Justice System | 022. Other | 023. None | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PHILIPPINES (2004): B3009 | | 001. Economy (General) | 002. Poverty | 003. Inflation | 004. Unemployment | 005. Incomes/Wages/Salaries etc. too Low | 007. International Trade | 008. Foreign Debt | 010. Governance (General) | 011. Corruption/Public Morality | 013. Bureaucracy Problems | 020. Democracy (General) | 021. Elections Problems | 022. Political Problems, National or Local | 023. Human Rights | 030. Crime (General) | 031. Kidnappings | 032. Illegal Drugs | 033. Illegal Gambling | 035. Child Abuse | 040. Security Problems (General) | 041. Internal Rebellion | 043. Peace and Order | 051. Education Problems | 052. Health-Problems | 053. Disasters | 056. Caregiving: elderly, children, handicapped | 061. Roads, Bridges, etc. | 064. Transportation/Traffic | 090. Overpopulation | 995. Other | 996. None | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - POLAND (2001): B3009 | | 001. Unemployment | 002. Poverty, social assistance | 003. Low incomes | 004. Financial problems of pensioners, retired | 005. Increasing prices | 006. Social and economic inequalities | 007. Future uncertainty | 008. Housing problems, construction | 009. Securing higher life standards | 010. Security, fighting crime | 011. Law and courts problems | 012. Combat corruption, theft, state overspending | 013. Bureaucracy | 014. Reforms -in general | 015. Health service reform | 016. Education reform | 017. Pension system reform | 018. Rural and countryside problems | 019. Poor governance, problems with coalition and parties | 021. Budget deficit, public finances | 022. The economy | 023. Taxes | 024. Mining, steelworks state rail | 025. Closing down enterprises | 026. Privatization and reprivatization | 027. Sell-out of polish property | 028. International relations of PL | 029. EU and NATO access | 030. Youth problems | 031. Ecology, environment pollution | 032. Natural disasters, flood | 033. Election | 094. Other | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PORTUGAL (2002): B3009 | | 001. Economical instability | 002. Health | 003. Unemployment | 004. Education | 005. (In)security | 006. Drugs | 007. Cost of living | 008. Entre-os-rios accident | 009. Poverty | 010. Immigration | 011. Low retiring pensions | 012. Inflation | 013. Corruption | 014. Guaranteed minimum income | 015. The introduction of the Euro | 016. Political instability | 017. Lack of political leadership | 018. Bad use of public money | 019. Salaries | 020. Lack of organization in the country | 021. Lack of development | 095. Other answers | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PORTUGAL (2005): B3009 | | 005. AIDS | 006. Abortion | 008. Criticism about the government and politics in general | 009. Bad economic situation in general | 010. Elections: elections and voting procedures | 011. Elections: the candidates, the politicians, their image | 018. Elections: debates between parties and politicians | 019. Other election-related topics | 031. National or local budget | 032. Business companies, industries, bankruptcies | 033. Competitiveness | 035. Public debt | 036. Euro | 037. Inflation | 038. Retirement pensions | 039. Taxes and fiscal policies | 041. Unemployment | 042. Salaries/incomes, poverty | 043. Social policies, social security, family pension | 049. Other economy-related topics | 050. Agriculture and fish sector | 051. Political corruption | 052. Judicial system, courts | 053. Crime, law and order, fighting crime, insecurity | 055. Defense and external security | 056. Drugs, consumption and traffic, fighting consumption and | trafficking | 057. Education | 058. Sciences: physics, geology, astronomony, etc. | 060. Environment, pollution, global heating, etc. | 061. Energy | 063. European institutions, constitution, commission | 064. General European Union policy | 065. External affairs, relations between states, international | organizations | 068. Health, health care, national health care system | 069. Housing, real estate market, rents, loans | 070. Media, news, media policies | 071. Infrastructures, transports | 072. Inter-party conflicts, tensions between factions | 073. Iraq | 075. Migration/immigration policies: asylum, legalization | 076. Policies of integration/minorities: social and political | 078. Terrorism | 081. Other conflicts and social problems | 085. War/peace | 086. Democracy | 087. Public administration, bureaucracy | 088. Social norms and values | 089. Other politics-related topic | 090. Accidents | 091. Concrete crimes | 093. Human interest: known people, celebrities, events | 094. Natural disasters | 095. Religion | 097. Climate | 098. Other | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ROMANIA (2004): B3009 | | 001. Low incomes/Poverty | 002. Corruption | 003. Unemployment | 004. NATO/EU Integration | 005. Theft | 006. Achievement of stable economic growth | 009. Problems in the agriculture | 010. Social inequality | 011. Inflation | 012. Promises unfulfilled | 013. Taxation | 017. Lack of opportunities for young people | 019. Drugs | 020. Housing problems | 021. Bureaucracy | 022. Democracy misunderstood | 023. Political crisis | 025. Organized crime | 033. PSD, the party in office | 048. Lack of trust | 050. Other | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - RUSSIA (2004): B3009 | | Occasionally respondents enumerated multiple problems facing | Russia, in which case only the first mention is included in the | CSES dataset. | | 001. Poverty | 002. Price increases/low standard of living | 003. Unemployment/lack of appropriate jobs | 004. Low salaries/minimum wage | 005. Non-payment/late payment of wages | 006. Pensions/pension reform | 007. Subsidies for invalids/children | 008. Industry/industrial productivity | 009. National resources squandered/sold off cheaply | 010. Capital/raw materials leaving Russia | 011. "Ruination" of Russia; negative effects of regime | transition/privatization | 012. Oligarchs | 013. Economy (unspecified or other) | 014. Socio-economic inequality | 015. Lack of order/societal instability | 016. Rural problems (socio-economic, aggregate) | 017. Agriculture/agricultural production | 018. Housing issues, costs related to housing (e.g., utilities) | 019. Education/educational system | 020. Healthcare system/health | 021. Substance abuse - narcotics | 022. Substance abuse - alcohol | 023. Politics/politicians | 024. Bureaucracy/bureaucrats | 025. Foreign affairs/international influence | 026. Russian army/military reform | 027. Chechnya | 028. Terrorism | 029. War/conflict (general, unspecified) | 030. Corruption/bribe-taking | 031. Crime/lawlessness | 032. Decline in ethical/moral/ideological/spiritual/cultural | values | 033. Homelessness/abandoned children | 034. Lack of hope/prospects for future/children | 035. General social problems (non-specific) | 036. Other | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SLOVENIA (2004): B3009 | | 001. Refugees, foreigners | 002. Unemployment | 003. Church vs. state | 005. Poverty | 006. Human rights | 007. State finance | 008. European Union | 009. Economic problems | 010. Agriculture | 013. Economic criminal | 014. Nationality | 015. NATO | 016. Quality of life | 017. Income differences | 018. Pensions | 019. Political crises | 020. Political parties | 021. Correction post-war injustices | 023. Privatization-denationalization | 025. Education | 026. State of law | 027. Affairs | 028. Social rights | 029. Foreign policy | 030. Erased (people) | 031. Referendums | 032. Slovenian character | 035. Underselling of Slovenian assets | 036. Problems with Croatia | 037. Others | 038. No problem | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SOUTH KOREA (2004): B3009 | | 001. Economic stability | 002. Unemployment | 003. Rising prices | 004. Economic stagnation | 005. Unmovable property policies | 011. Impeachment of the president | 012. Political stability | 013. Political reform | 014. Partisan conflict | 015. Generational replacement of politicians | 021. Improvement of economic conditions | 022. Erosion of middle class | 031. Sending troops to Iraq | 041. Reassurance of president authority and credibility | 042. Stabilizing state affairs | 043. Consistency in policies | 044. Inducing more economic investment | 045. Better personnel policies | 046. Establishment of state goals | 051. Reconciliation of the people | 052. Ideological conflict | 053. Generational conflict | 054. Discrimination based on educational levels | 055. Regional conflict | 056. Management-labor conflict | 061. Social instability | 062. Cleaning of corruption | 063. Connections between politics and economy | 071. Diplomacy | 072. Educational policies | 073. Welfare policies | 074. Regional gaps | 075. Obeying laws | 076. North Korea nuclear issue | 077. Agricultural problems | 078. National security problems | 081. Democratization | 082. More investment in science and technology education | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SPAIN (2004): B3009 | | 001. Unemployment | 002. Immigration | 003. Retirement subsidies | 004. Spain´s participation in Iraq war | 005. Relations between Spain and the European Union | 006. Taxes | 007. Law and order | 008. Terrorism | 996. Other | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWEDEN (2002): B3009 | | 001. Taxes | 002. Economic issues | 003. Public sector issues; cuts and privatization | 005. Social welfare issues | 007. Elderly care | 008. Health care | 010. Family issues - children day care | 011. School and education issues | 018. Environmental issues | 023. Swedish foreign and national security policy | 024. International issues | 025. Labor market issues, unemployment | 030. Immigrations, labor immigration, refugees, | segregation/integration | 032. European Union (EMU excluded) | 033. The economic and monetary union, EMU | 034. Other political issues | 035. Ideological or other political references | 098. Volunteered: don't know/refused | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWITZERLAND (2003): B3009 | | 001. Agriculture | 002. Economics | 003. Education, research and development, culture | 004. Environment | 005. European integration | 006. Finances and taxes | 007. Gender issue and discrimination | 008. Immigration and integration | 009. International relations and conflicts | 010. Labour market | 011. Law and order | 012. Political system, parties and politicians | 013. Public health | 014. Public service and infrastructure | 015. Regions | 016. Social security | 090. Others | 091. Several | 092. None | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - TAIWAN (2001): B3009 | | 001. Problem of economy | 002. Problem of democracy | 003. Problem of party politics | 004. Problems of economy, democracy, and party politics | 005. Problem of national defense | 006. Problems of economy and national defense | 007. Social peace (social stability) | 008. Improvement of the unemployment | 009. Problems of economy and social peace | 010. Terrible atmosphere of election | 011. Political stability | 012. Problems of economy and political stability | 013. Problems of ethnicity | 014. Problem of cross-straits relations | 015. Problems of economy and cross-straits relations | 016. Problem of consensus on national orientation | 017. International status | 018. Problems of cross-straits relations and international | status | 019. Problems of economy and ethnicity | 020. Problem of diplomacy | 021. Problems of economy and diplomacy | 022. Problems of environmental protection | 023. Problems of economy and environmental protection | 024. Controversies on unification or independence (ideological) | 025. Problem of nuclear powerhouse | 026. Policy confusion and unbinding law enforcement | 027. Vote for the wrong president | 029. Problem of national developmental persistence | 030. Problem of welfare | 031. Problem of education | 032. Aptitude of the nationals | 033. Problems of financial policy | 034. Problems of economy and improvement of unemployment | 035. Problems of economy, social stability, and improvement of | the unemployment | 036. Traffic problem | 037. Problem of corruption | 038. Living quality | 039. Judicial problem | 041. Problems of economy, party politics, and diplomacy | 042. Problems of economy and welfare | 043. Bad aptitude of politicians | 044. Industrial (business) drain | 045. Problems after participating in WTO | 046. Social instability | 047. Problems with legislative Yuan | 048. Problem of the freedom | 049. Government ignores its people | 050. Problems of economy and financial policy | 051. Rapid pace of being globalized | 053. Inexperienced government | 054. Policy confusion and inexperienced government | 055. Problems of economy and international status | 056. Catastrophes (earthquakes and floods) | 057. Problems of economy and inexperienced government | 058. Problems of economy, social stability, and education | 059. Inexperienced government and living quality | 060. Problems of economy, environmental protection, and living | 061. Black gold politics | 062. Problems of economy and black gold politics | 063. Problem of financial bad debt | 064. Insufficient centripetal force of people | 065. Problems of economy, improvement of unemployment | 066. The participation in the United Nations | 068. Problems of economy and consensus on national | orientation | 069. Problems of economy and insufficient centripetal force | 070. Problems of improvement of unemployment and industrial | drain | 071. Problems of economy, improvement of unemployment, and | welfare | 072. Problems of economy, social stability, and welfare | 073. Problems of economy, political party | 074. Social stability and judicial problem | 075. Diversities of opinions and practices of political figures | 076. Problems of economy, political party politics, stability | 077. Fractions | 078. Fight back to mainland China | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - TAIWAN (2004): B3009 | | 001. Interior affairs | 002. Diplomacy | 003. National defense | 004. Cross-strait problem | 005. Economic affairs | 006. Finance | 007. Education | 008. Transportation | 009. Crime | 010. Parties' interaction | 011. Unemployment | 012. Ethnic problems | 013. Environmental protection | 014. National identification | 015. Justice | 016. Black-and-gold politics | 017. Incapable government | 018. Political disorder | 019. Social alienation | 020. Constitutional system | 021. No problem | 095. Refuse to answer | 098. Don't know | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - UNITED STATES (2004): B3009 | | 010. Unemployment; the number of people with jobs; unemployment | rate/compensation; job retraining | 013. Create jobs/recruit industry in specific area/region/state | 020. Education; financial assistance for schools/colleges/ | students; quality of education/the learning environment/ | teaching; the high cost of college | 030. Aged/elderly; Social Security benefits; administration of | Social Security; medical care for the aged; Medicare | benefits; insuring against catastrophic illness; | prescription drug program for elderly | 040. Health problems/cost of medical care; quality of medical | care; medical research/training of doctors and other | health personnel; hospitals; National Health insurance | program | 046. Anti-abortion; pro-life; "abortion"- NFS | 048. Other specific references to health problems; AIDS; Stem | cell research, biologic research | 060. Poverty; aid to the poor/underprivileged people; help for | the (truly) needy; welfare programs (such as ADC); general | reference to anti-poverty programs; hunger/help for hungry | people in the U.S. | 160. Development of natural resources/energy sources; harbors, | dams, canals, irrigation, flood control, navigation, | reclamation; location, mining, stock-piling of minerals; | water power, atomic power; development of alternative | sources of energy (includes mentions of solar or nuclear | power) | 300. Civil rights/racial problems; programs to enable Blacks to | gain social/economic/educational/political equality; | relations between Blacks and Whites | 302. Protection (expansion) of white majority; maintenance of | segregation; right to choose own neighborhood; right to | discriminate in employment | 320. Narcotics; availability of drugs; extent of drug/alcohol | addiction in the U.S.; interdiction of drugs coming to the | U.S. from foreign countries; alcohol or drug related | crime; drug laws | 340. Crime/violence; too much crime; streets aren't safe; | mugging, murder, shoplifting; drug related crime | 361. Legal reform; Tort reform--general | 370. Extremist groups/terrorists; terrorist bombings/ | hostage-taking; political subversives; revolutionary | ideas/approaches; Homeland Security mentions; the war | against Al Qaeda; Islamic terrorists or extremists | 380. General mention of Moral/religious decay (of nation); sex, | bad language, adult themes on TV | 381. Family problems--divorce; proper treatment of children; | decay of family; child/elder abuse (incl. sexual); family | values | 384. Religion (too) mixed up in politics; prayer in school | 385. Homosexuality; protecting civil rights of gays and | lesbians; accepting the lifestyle of omosexuals; granting | homosexual couples the same rights and benefits as | heterosexual couples, gay marriage | 400. Inflation; rate of inflation; level of prices; cost of | living | 410. Recession, depression; prosperity of the nation; economic | growth; GNP | 411. Monetary restraints/controls; level of interest rates; | availability of money/the money supply | 415. Against (increased) government spending; balancing of the | (national) budget; against government stimulation of the | economy; the size of the budget deficit | 416. Taxes; general reference to tax structure; tax surcharge; | tax reform; other specific tax reference | 417. For tax cuts; against tax surcharge; for tax reform | 440. Class oriented economic concerns--middle class, working | class (pro); middle class getting squeezed | 441. Class oriented economic concerns--big business, monied | interests (anti) too powerful | 442. Concern for inequitable distribution of wealth; gap | between the rich and the poor; concentration of wealth in | the hands of a few | 460. Immigration policy; establishing limits on how many people | from any one nation can enter the U.S.; prohibiting | specified types of persons from entering the U.S. | 463. Problems relating to the influx of political/economic | refugees (Cubans, Haitians, Mexicans, etc.) | 491. Economics--general; "Economics"- NFS | 493. U.S. foreign trade, balance of payments position; foreign | oil dependency | 496. The economy--not further specified | 497. International competitiveness; outsourcing; loss of jobs | to foreign competition; moving jobs abroad; modernizing | plants/equipment/management techniques to meet foreign | competition; matching the quality of foreign goods | 500. Foreign relations/foreign affairs; foreign policy/ | relations, prestige abroad | 507. U.S. Foreign policy actions without UN or allied approval. | Unilateral action by the U.S.; less concern about world | opinion | 524. Middle East-- support or aid to Israel/Arab states; Arab/ | Israeli conflict; Iran-Iraq war; hostages in Lebanon/ | Middle East. [1990] Iraqi aggression in the Persian Gulf; | Saddam Hussein; war in/occupation of Iraq | 525. The U.S. occupation of Iraq; the war to topple Saddam | Hussein | 540. Firmness in foreign policy; maintenance of position of | military/diplomatic strength | 550. U.S. foreign (military) involvement/commitment, extent of | U.S. Foreign involvement; military assistance/aid | 570. Prevention of war; establishment of peace; any reference | 700. National defense; defense budget; level of spending on | defense | 714. Nuclear war; the threat of nuclear war; nuclear | proliferation; the growing number of minor nuclear powers | 750. Morale of nation; patriotism; National spirit; national | unity; greed, selfishness of people | 800. Power of the (federal) government; power of/control | exercised by the federal government | 820. Campaign donations/public financing of elections; any | mentions; campaign finance reform | 830. Confidence/trust in political leaders/system; wisdom, | ability, responsiveness of political leaders; quality | of leadership provided by political leaders | 837. Waste in government spending; keeping tabs on where money | goes; pork barrel legislation | 838. Government budget priorities are wrong; Congress/President | is spending money in the wrong areas/not spending money on | the right things | 856. Power of the Supreme Court | 862. Fair election procedures; prevention of vote manipulation; | curbing of political "bosses", smear campaigns | 869. Other specific references to problems of representation; | term limitations for members of Congress | 874. Lack of support for the President; any anti-president | comments, negative reference to the president's quality, | style | 887. Extending/protecting equal rights, basic freedoms, human | rights of all citizens; protecting the Bill of Rights | 995. "There were no issues"; "there were no issues, just party | politics" | 996. No problems mentioned --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B3010 >>> GOVERNMENT PERFORMANCE: MOST IMPORTANT ISSUE --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Q6. And thinking about that issue, how good or bad a job do you think the government/president in [capital] has done over the past [number of years between the previous and the present election OR change in government] years. Has it/he/she done a very good job? A good job? A bad job? A very bad job? .................................................................. 1. VERY GOOD JOB 2. GOOD JOB 3. BAD JOB 4. VERY BAD JOB 5. [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 7. REFUSED 8. DON'T KNOW 9. MISSING | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ALBANIA (2005): B3010 | | Question text: "C12. And evaluating the socialist led | government's performance on this particular issue, how good or | bad a job do you think the government has done over the past 4 | years?" | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BELGIUM (2003): B3010 | | The deposited codes are adjusted to the CSES standard in the | following way: | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. 1. Very satisfied | 2. 2. More or less satisfied | 3. 4. More or less dissatisfied | 4. 5. Very dissatisfied | 5. 3. Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - FRANCE (2002): B3010 | | Question text: "Concerning that issue, are you satisfied with | the action by the government of Lionel Jospin over the last | years?" | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. Very satisfied | 2. Satisfied enough | 3. A little satisfied | 4. Not at all satisfied | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ISRAEL (2003): B3010 | | Question text: "What do you think of the manner in which the | government of prime minister Ariel Sharon handled the problem | you mentioned?" | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ITALY (2006): B3010 | | Question text: "What is your assessment of how the government | faced this problem during the last 5 years?" | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. Very Positive | 2. Positive | 3. Negative | 4. Very Negative | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PORTUGAL (2005): B3010 | | This question asked about the Prime Minister Santana Lopes, who | became Prime Minister in July 2004, when the former PM José | Manuel Durão Barroso resigned in order to take up the presidency | of the European Commission. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - RUSSIA (2004): B3010 | | Forty-two respondents that have missing data in B3009 responded | to this variable. These data remain unchanged. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWEDEN (2002): B3010 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 8. Volunteered: don't know/refused | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - TAIWAN (2004): B3010 | | In the Taiwan survey 65 individuals responded "It depends". | These responses are coded as "Don't know." --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B3011 >>> GOVERNMENT PERFORMANCE: GENERAL --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Q7. Now thinking about the performance of the government in [capital]/president in general, how good or bad a job do you think the government/president in [capital] has done over the past [number of years between the previous and the present election OR change in government] years. Has it/he/she done a very good job? A good job? A bad job? A very bad job? .................................................................. 1. VERY GOOD JOB 2. GOOD JOB 3. BAD JOB 4. VERY BAD JOB 5. [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 7. REFUSED 8. DON'T KNOW 9. MISSING | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - DENMARK (2001): B3011 | | The original item contained an intermediate category: | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 5. Neither good nor bad | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - FRANCE (2002): B3011 | | Question text: "In general, are you satisfied with the action by | the government of Lionel Jospin over the last years?" | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. Very satisfied | 2. Satisfied enough | 3. A little satisfied | 4. Not at all satisfied | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ISRAEL (2003): B3011 | | Question text: "In general, what do you think of the manner in | which the government of prime minister Ariel Sharon handled the | current problems of the state?" | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NETHERLANDS (2002): B3011 | | The question asked in the Dutch study differs from the question | asked in CSES. The Dutch question asked: "With the help of this | showcard, could you indicate how satisfied or dissatisfied you | are in general with what the government has done during the past | four years?" | | There were 5 answer options, with different labels than in CSES. | Furthermore, the original item contained an intermediate | category, coded as 5 in the CSES data file. | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. 1. Very satisfied | 2. 2. Satisfied | 3. 4. Dissatisfied | 4. 5. Very dissatisfied | 5. 3. Satisfied nor dissatisfied | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PERU (2006): B3011 | | The Peruvian study employed a binary response scheme (approve or | disprove) for this variable. Accordingly, this variable is left | missing in the dataset. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PORTUGAL (2005): B3011 | | This question asked about the Prime Minister Santana Lopes, who | became Prime Minister in July 2004, when the former PM José | Manuel Durão Barroso resigned in order to take up the presidency | of the European Commission. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWEDEN (2002): B3011 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 8. Volunteered: don't know/refused | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - TAIWAN (2004): B3011 | | Note that the question wording for this item is slightly | different from the CSES formulation. The Taiwan (2004) question | wording is as follows: "E01. Concerning Chen Shui-bian's overall | performance as president over the past four years, are you very | satisfied, somewhat satisfied, somewhat dissatisfied, or very | dissatisfied?" | | Also please note the supplementary code "It depends" which was | recoded as "Don't Know" (44 cases). | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 01. Very satisfied | 02. Somewhat satisfied | 03. Somewhat dissatisfied | 04. Very dissatisfied | 98. It depends --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B3012 >>> SATISFACTION WITH DEMOCRATIC PROCESS --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Q8. On the whole, are you very satisfied, fairly satisfied, not very satisfied, or not at all satisfied with the way democracy works in [country]? .................................................................. 1. VERY SATISFIED 2. FAIRLY SATISFIED 3. NOT VERY SATISFIED 4. NOT AT ALL SATISFIED 6. [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 7. REFUSED 8. DON'T KNOW 9. MISSING | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GERMANY (2002 Mail-Back): B3012 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 6. Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - JAPAN (2004): B3012 | | The original item used a 5-point scale. | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. 1. Very satisfied | 2. 2. Somewhat satisfied | 3. 4. Somewhat dissatisfied | 4. 5. Very dissatisfied | 6. 3. Can't decide | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NETHERLANDS (2002): B3012 | | The question asked in the Dutch study differs from the question | asked in CSES. The Dutch question read: "Could you indicate on | this showcard how satisfied or dissatisfied you are with the way | democracy works in the Netherlands?" | Respondents answered on a 5-point scale. Furthermore, the | original item contained an intermediate category, coded 6 in the | CSES data file. | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. 1. Very satisfied | 2. 2. Satisfied | 3. 4. Dissatisfied | 4. 5. Very dissatisfied | 6. 3. Satisfied nor dissatisfied | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWEDEN (2002): B3012 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 8. Volunteered: don't know/refused | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - TAIWAN (2004): B3012 | | In the Taiwan survey 29 individuals responded "It depends". | These responses are coded as "Don't know." --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B3013 >>> WHO IS IN POWER CAN MAKE DIFFERENCE --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Q9. Some people say it makes a difference who is in power. Others say that it doesn't make a difference who is in power. Using the scale on this card, (where ONE means that it makes a difference who is in power and FIVE means that it doesn't make a difference who is in power), where would you place yourself? .................................................................. 1. IT MAKES A DIFFERENCE WHO IS IN POWER 2. 3. 4. 5. IT DOESN'T MAKE A DIFFERENCE WHO IS IN POWER 7. REFUSED 8. DON'T KNOW 9. MISSING | NOTE: B3013 and B3014 | | Some election studies used an earlier version of the CSES | questionnaire which included the words "BIG" and "ANY" in the | question text and response options. | | For example (for B3013): | "1. It makes a BIG difference who is in power" | "5. It doesn't make ANY difference who is in power" | | As a result, there has been variation in question wording and | response options for variables B3013 and B3014. The following | table documents how election studies asked these items. Please | reference this table as well as specific election study notes. | | If there is no variation in the question text and response | options, this is indicated with a "0". An "X" denotes a | variation in the question text and response options while | empty cells indicate that it was not possible to verify | the exact wording of the question text. | | Election Study Question Response | Text Categories | Albania (2005) 0 0 | Australia (2004) 0 X | Belgium (2003) X X | Brazil (2002) X X | Bulgaria (2001) X X | Canada (2004) X X | Chile (2005) X X | Czech Republic (2002) X X | Denmark (2001) X X | Finland (2003) X X | France (2002) X X | Germany (2002 Mail-Back) X X | Germany (2002 Telephone) X X | Great Britain (2005) 0 0 | Hong Kong (2004) 0 0 | Hungary (2002) 0 0 | Iceland (2003) 0 0 | Ireland (2002) X X | Israel (2003) 0 0 | Italy (2006) 0 0 | Japan (2004) X X | Kyrgyzstan (2005) X 0 | Mexico (2003) 0 0 | Netherlands (2002) X X | New Zealand (2002) X X | Norway (2001) X X | Peru (2006) 0 0 | Philippines (2004) 0 0 | Poland (2001) X X | Portugal (2002) X X | Portugal (2005) X X | Romania (2004) 0 0 | Russia (2004) 0 0 | Slovenia (2004) 0 0 | South Korea (2004) 0 0 | Spain (2004) X X | Sweden (2002) 0 0 | Switzerland (2003) 0 0 | Taiwan (2001) 0 0 | Taiwan (2004) 0 0 | United States (2004) 0 0 | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - AUSTRALIA (2004): B3013 | | The wording for this scale was formulated in a slightly | different manner: | "1. It makes a BIG difference who is in power" | "5. It doesn't make ANY difference who is in power" | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HUNGARY (2002): B3013 | | Question text: "Some people say it does matter who is in power, | because it changes the way things are. Others say it does not | matter who is in power for things will go on unchanged." Note | that the scale was originally applied in reverse order. | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. 5. It does matter who is in power, because | it changes the way things are | 5. 1. It does not matter who is in power for | things will go on unchanged | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - JAPAN (2004): B3013 | | The original question text differs from the original CSES | item. Additionally, all response options had explicit labels. | | Question text: "Q29 Some people claim that there is a big | difference between who takes charge of the administration, | while others claim that it does not make much of a difference. | Which of the following reflects your opinion?" | | The original response categories are as follows: | 1. There is big difference | 2. There is a little difference | 3. Can't say if there is or not | 4. These is not much of a difference | 5. These is no difference at all | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - MEXICO (2003): B3013 | | Question text: "Some people say it makes a difference who holds | the government. Others say that it doesn't make a difference who | holds the government. Using the scale on Card 1, (where ONE | means that it makes a difference who holds the government and | FIVE means that it doesn't make a difference who holds the | government), where would you place yourself?" | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NETHERLANDS (2002): B3013 | | The question asked in the Dutch study differs from the | question asked in CSES. The Dutch question read: "Does it | make much difference to you, a little difference, or no | difference at all which parties becomes part of the | governance?". Answers were given on a 3-point scale. | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. 1. Much difference | 3. 2. Little difference | 5. 3. No difference at all | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NEW ZEALAND (2002): B3013 | | Question text: "B2. Some people say it makes a big difference | who is in power. Others say that it doesn't make any difference | who is in power. Where ONE means that it makes a big difference | who is in power and FIVE means that it doesn't make any | difference who is in power, where would you place yourself?" | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - POLAND (2001): B3013 | | In the Polish Election Study, "difference" was replaced with | "big difference". | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PORTUGAL (2002 and 2005): B3013 | | Question text: "Some people say it makes a difference who is | in power. Others say that it doesn't make a difference who | is in power. Using the scale on this card, (where ONE means | that it makes A BIG difference who is in power and FIVE means | that is doesn't make ANY difference who is in power), where | would you place yourself?" | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SLOVENIA (2004): B3013 | | The collaborator did not provide an English translation for the | Slovenian questionnaire. Consequently, the classification | information for this election study in the table above was | obtained using online translators available on the Internet. | The information in the table is consistent with the general | pattern that more recent election studies have more often used | the question wording that does not include the adjective "big". | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWEDEN (2002): B3013 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 8. Volunteered: don't know/refused --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B3014 >>> WHO PEOPLE VOTE FOR MAKES A DIFFERENCE --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Q10. Some people say that no matter who people vote for, it won't make any difference to what happens. Others say that who people vote for can make a difference to what happens. Using the scale on this card, (where ONE means that voting won't make a difference to what happens and FIVE means that voting can make a difference), where would you place yourself? .................................................................. 1. WHO PEOPLE VOTE FOR WON'T MAKE A DIFFERENCE 2. 3. 4. 5. WHO PEOPLE VOTE FOR CAN MAKE A DIFFERENCE 7. REFUSED 8. DON'T KNOW 9. MISSING | NOTE: B3013 and B3014 | | Some election studies used an earlier version of the CSES | questionnaire which included the words "BIG" and "ANY" in the | question text and response options. | | For example (for B3014): | "1. It makes A LOT of difference who is in power" | "5. It doesn't make ANY difference who is in power" | | As a result, there has been variation in question wording and | response options for variables B3013 and B3014. The following | table documents how election studies asked these items. Please | reference this table as well as specific election study notes. | | If there is no variation in the question text and response | options, this is indicated with a "0". An "X" denotes a | variation in the question text and response options while | empty cells indicate that it was not possible to verify | the exact wording of the question text. | | Election Study Question Response | Text Categories | Albania (2005) 0 0 | Australia (2004) 0 X | Belgium (2003) X X | Brazil (2002) X X | Bulgaria (2001) X X | Canada (2004) X X | Chile (2005) 0 0 | Czech Republic (2002) X X | Denmark (2001) X X | Finland (2003) X X | France (2002) X X | Germany (2002 Mail-Back) X X | Germany (2002 Telephone) X X | Great Britain (2005) 0 0 | Hong Kong (2004) 0 0 | Hungary (2002) 0 0 | Iceland (2003) 0 0 | Ireland (2002) X X | Israel (2003) 0 0 | Italy (2006) 0 0 | Japan (2004) X X | Kyrgyzstan (2005) 0 0 | Mexico (2003) 0 0 | Netherlands (2002) 0 0 | New Zealand (2002) X X | Norway (2001) X X | Peru (2006) 0 0 | Philippines (2004) 0 0 | Poland (2001) X X | Portugal (2002) X X | Portugal (2005) X X | Romania (2004) 0 0 | Russia (2004) 0 0 | Slovenia (2004) 0 0 | South Korea (2004) 0 0 | Spain (2004) X X | Sweden (2002) 0 0 | Switzerland (2003) 0 0 | Taiwan (2001) 0 0 | Taiwan (2004) 0 0 | United States (2004) 0 0 | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - AUSTRALIA (2004): B3014 | | The order of response categories was reversed in the Australian | questionnaire. This item was recoded for inclusion in the merged | data file. | | The wording for this scale was formulated in a slightly | different manner: | "1. Who people vote for won't make any difference" | "5. Who people vote for can make a big difference" | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - DENMARK (2001): B3014 | | The order of response categories was reversed in the Danish | questionnaire. This item was recoded for inclusion in the merged | data file. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - FINLAND (2003): B3014 | | The order of response categories was reversed in the Finnish | questionnaire. This item was recoded for inclusion in the CSES | data file. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HUNGARY (2002): B3014 | | Question text: "Some people say that whoever people vote for | will not influence the way things are. Others say things will be | influenced depending on who people vote for." | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. Votes will not influence things | 5. Votes will influence things | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - JAPAN (2004): B3014 | | The original question text differs from the CSES item. Moreover, | all response options had explicit labels. Also, note that the | order of response categories was reversed in the Japanese | questionnaire. The categories were reversed for inclusion in the | CSES data file. | | Question text: "Q28. Some people claim that one votes for in an | election makes a big difference in the results, while others | claim that it does not make much of a difference. Choose one | that best reflects your attitude towards the statement." | | The original response categories are as follows: | 1. It makes a lot of difference | 2. It makes a little difference | 3. Can't say if it does or not | 4. It does not make much difference | 5. It does not make difference at all | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - MEXICO (2003): B3014 | | Question text: "Some people say that no matter who people votes | for, the vote does not influence on what happens in the country. | Others consider that who people vote for, do influence on what | happens in the country. Using the scale on Card 2, (where ONE | means that voting influences a lot on to what happens in the | country and FIVE means that voting does not influence on what | happens in the country), where would you place yourself?" | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NEW ZEALAND (2002): B3014 | | Question text: "B3. Some people say that no matter who people | vote for, it won't make any difference to what happens. Others | say that who people vote for can make a big difference to what | happens. Where ONE means that voting can make a big difference | and FIVE means that voting won't make any difference to what | happens, where would you place yourself? | | Note that the response options for this item were reversed in | the New Zealand questionnaire. This item was recoded to | correspond to the CSES codes. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - POLAND (2001): B3014 | | The order of response categories was reversed in the Polish | questionnaire. This item was recoded to correspond with the | CSES codes. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PORTUGAL (2002 and 2005): B3014 | | Question text: "Some people say that no matter who people vote | for, it won't make any difference to what happens. Others say | that who people vote for can make a difference to what happens. | Using the scale on this card, (where ONE means that voting | won't make ANY difference to what happens and FIVE means that | voting can make A BIG difference), where would you place | yourself?" | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SLOVENIA (2004): B3014 | | The collaborator did not provide an English translation for the | Slovenian questionnaire. Consequently, the classification | information for this election study in the table above was | obtained using online translators available on the Internet. | The information in the table is consistent with the general | pattern that more recent election studies have more often used | the question wording that does not include the adjective "big". | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWEDEN (2002): B3014 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 8. Volunteered: don't know/refused --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B3015 >>> DEMOCRACY BETTER THAN ANY OTHER FORM OF GOVERNMENT --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Q11. Please tell me how strongly you agree or disagree with the following statement: "Democracy may have problems but it's better than any other form of government." (Do you agree strongly, agree, disagree, or disagree strongly with this statement?) .................................................................. 1. AGREE STRONGLY 2. AGREE 3. DISAGREE 4. DISAGREE STRONGLY 5. [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 7. REFUSED 8. DON'T KNOW 9. MISSING | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NETHERLANDS (2002): B3015 | | Question text: "Could you indicate with the help of this | showcard whether you agree or disagree with the following | statement: Democracy knows many problems but is the best form of | government there is." | | Please note that the original item contained an intermediate | category, coded 5 in the CSES data file. | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. 1. Fully agree | 2. 2. Agree | 3. 4. Disagree | 4. 5. Fully disagree | 5. 3. Satisfied nor dissatisfied | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NEW ZEALAND (2002): B3015 | | Respondents were provided with an additional response category, | "Neither". These responses are reported in category 5. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PORTUGAL (2002 and 2005): B3015 | | Please note the difference in wording for codes 1 and 4: | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. Totally Agree | 2. Agree | 3. Disagree | 4. Totally Disagree | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - TAIWAN (2004): B3015 | | In the Taiwan survey 50 individuals responded "It depends". | These responses are coded as "Don't know." --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B3016 >>> PREVIOUS ELECTION: DID RESPONDENT CAST A BALLOT --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Q12. Whether or not respondent cast a ballot (regardless of whether the ballot was valid) in PRECEDING election .................................................................. 1. R CAST A BALLOT 2. R DID NOT CAST A BALLOT 4. INCONSISTENT RESPONSE: R reported not casting a ballot but reported a vote choice 6. [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 7. REFUSED 8. DON'T KNOW 9. MISSING | NOTES: B3016 | | In formulating the question used to ascertain this information, | collaborators were requested to try to ask the question in a way | that minimizes over-reporting of voter turnout where this is | known to be a problem. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ALBANIA (2005): B3016 | | This variable reports participation in parliamentary elections | of June 2001. | | Voters in Albania vote both for a list and for a candidate. This | is applicable to both party choice items (as reported in B3006_1 | and B3006_2, respectively). Some inconsistencies may appear for | respondents who cast one but not the other vote. The | inconsistency code ("4" in B3004) was not applied here. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - AUSTRALIA (2004): B3016 | | This variable is reconstructed from the vote choice variable for | the HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES election in 2001. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BELGIUM (2003): B3016 | | This variable reports participation in national elections for | the Chamber of Representatives of June 13, 1999. This variable | is reconstructed from the original variable Q12 (B3018_1) which | reported vote choice since the questionnaire did not include the | filter question concerning the electoral participation. | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 6. Wasn't allowed to vote | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BRAZIL (2002): B3016 | | This variable reports participation in the previous | PRESIDENTIAL election (the choice is recorded in B3017) | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CHILE (2005): B3016 | | This variable reports participation in the previous | PRESIDENTIAL election (the choice is recorded in B3017). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - DENMARK (2001): B3016 | | This variable is reconstructed on the basis of the previous | vote choice variable (original deposit variable q12q13.v). | Respondents who chose a party, or responded "don't remember | party", "will not elucidate party choice", and who cast a | blank vote are considered as casting a ballot. | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 6. R is not eligible to vote | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GERMANY (2002): B3016 | | Voters in Germany have two votes - they can vote for both a list | and for a candidate. This variable is applicable to both, as | reported in B3018_1 and B3018_2. However, some inconsistencies | appear for those respondents who cast one but not the other | vote. For this reason, the inconsistency code ("4" in B3016) was | not applied here. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GREAT BRITAIN (2005): B3016 | | Recode of question including party choice. If voted for a party | then coded as yes. Respondents who didn't vote/too young/etc | all under no. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HONG KONG (2004): B3016 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 6. Not registered as voter in last election | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ISRAEL (2003): B3016 | | This variable refers to 1999 Knesset elections and vote choice | reported in B3018_1. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ITALY (2006): B3016 | | The Italian survey did not apply this variable. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - JAPAN (2004): B3016 | | This variable reports participation in 2003 general election | (Lower House). Voters in Japan have two votes - they can vote | for in a single-member districts and in a single nation-wide | proportional district. This variable is applicable to both, as | reported in B3018_1 and B3018_2. However, some inconsistencies | may appear for those respondents who cast one but not the other | vote. For this reason, the inconsistency code ("4" in B3016) was | not applied here. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - KYRGYZSTAN (2005): B3016 | | This question asked about the Presidential election in 2000. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PERU (2006): B3016 | | This variable is reconstructed from the vote choice variable for | the Presidential election of 2001. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PHILIPPINES (2004): B3016-B3018_1 | | Parliamentary, Senate, and Presidential elections were held | simultaneously. Thus, certain inconsistencies may occur for | those respondents who cast vote for one but not the other. | Therefore the inconsistency codes (4 in B3004, and 94 in | B3017-B3018) have not been used. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - POLAND (2001): B3016 | | Sejm and Senate elections were held simultaneously. The | original question asked "Did you vote in the parliamentary | election in September 1997?" Thus, certain inconsistencies | may occur for those respondents who cast vote for one but | not the other. Also, please note that in particular electoral | districts, voters were entitled to cast two, three, or four | votes for Senate candidates. Hence, the increasing number of | missing cases in variables B30019_1 to B30019_3. | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 6. I am not eligible | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PORTUGAL (2002 and 2005): B3016 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 6. R is not eligible to vote/ | R was not old enough to vote | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ROMANIA (2004): B3016-B3019 | | The parliamentary, Senate, and first round of Presidential | elections were held simultaneously. Thus, certain | inconsistencies may occur for those respondents who cast a vote | in one but not the other. The inconsistency codes (4 in B3016, | and 94 in B3018-B3019) have not been used here. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - RUSSIA (2004): B3016 | | This variable reports the respondents' voting in the 2003 Duma | election. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWEDEN (2002): B3016 | | These vote data are validated. | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 9. Missing/too young to vote in preceding election | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - TAIWAN (2004): B3016 | | The applied question refers to the 2000 presidential | election, not the 2001 legislative election. | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 06. Disqualify at that time | 08. Can't remember --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B3017 >>> PREVIOUS ELECTION: VOTE CHOICE - PRESIDENT --------------------------------------------------------------------------- If applicable and respondent cast a ballot: Q13A. This variable reports the presidential candidate or party affiliation of the presidential candidate for whom the respondent voted. .................................................................. 01-89. [SEE APPENDIX I FOR PARTY AND LEADER CODES] 90. [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 91. [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 94. INCONSISTENT RESPONSE: R reported casting a ballot but R did not vote 96. RESPONDENT CAST INVALID BALLOT 97. REFUSED 98. DON'T KNOW 99. MISSING | NOTES: B3017 | | See also notes for variable B3016. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CHILE (2005): B3017 | | 01. Ricardo Lagos (Concertacion) | 02. Joaquín Lavín (Alliance for Chile) | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ISRAEL (2003): B3017 | | This variable concerns elections for the Prime Minister in 2001. | Note that the candidate of the Labor party was Ehud Barak (CSES | code 2). | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 90. Did not vote but had right to vote | 91. Did not have right to vote | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - KYRGYZSTAN (2005): B3017 | | Kyrgyz Presidential elections are basically not party-based, | i.e., there is no straightforward connection between the | presidential candidates and political parties recorded in other | CSES items and listed in the Appendix. The following table shows | the coding of the candidates reported in B3017: | | 03. Bakir uulu Tursunbai | 07. Eshimkanov Melis | 08. Askar Akaev | 09. Akunov Tursunbai | 10. Atambaev Almazbek | 11. Masaliev Apsamat | 12. Tekebaev Omurbek | 90. None of the above | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - MEXICO (2003): B3017 | | Presidential candidates represented the following parties | and alliances: | | 01. Alliance PAN | 02. PRI | 03. Alliance PRD. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PHILIPPINES (2004): B3016-B3018_1 | | Parliamentary, Senate, and Presidential elections were held | simultaneously. Thus, certain inconsistencies may occur for | those respondents who cast vote for one but not the other. | Therefore the inconsistency codes (4 in B3004, and 94 in | B3017-B3018) have not been used. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PHILIPPINES (2004): B3017 | | In B3017 (PREVIOUS ELECTION: VOTE CHOICE - PRESIDENT) the | following leaders were identified: | | Presidential candidate Party | ---------------------- ----- | 01. Jesus Claveria de Venecia, 'Joe de V' LAKAS-NUCD | 03. Alfredo Siojo Lim, 'Fred' LP | 06. Joseph Marcelo Ejercito Estrada, 'Erap' PMP-LAMMP | 10. Raul Sagarbarria Roco, 'Raul' AD | 11. Renato Salud de Villa, "Rene' PDR-LMC | 13. Miriam Palma Defensor Santiago, 'Miriam' PRP | 53. Imelda Romualdez Marcos, 'Meldy' KBL | 80. Emilio Mario Renner Osmeña, 'Lito' PMDI-PPCV | 82. Santigao Jr. Figueras Dumlao, 'Santi' KPP | 83. Manuel Lim Morato, 'Manoling' PBM | 86. Juan Ponce Enrile, 'Johnny' Independent | 87. Other | 90. Voted but did not vote for a | presidential candidate | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ROMANIA (2004): B3016-B3019 | | See election study note for B3016. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ROMANIA (2004): B3017 | | This variable reports vote choice in the first round of the | previous presidential elections (2000). | | 03. Corneliu Vadim Tudor (PRM) | 04. Frunda Gyorgy (UDMR) | 06. Theodor Stolojan (PNL) | 07. Petre Roman (PD) | 09. Ion Iliescu (PSD) | 11. Mugur Isarescu (CDR 2000) | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - RUSSIA (2004): B3017 | | 01. Stanislav S. Govorukhin | 02. Umar A. Dzhabrailov | 03. Vladimir V. Zhirinovskii | 04. Gennadii A. Zyuganov | 05. Ella A. Pamfilova | 06. Aleksei I. Podberezkin | 07. Putin Vladimir Vladimirovich | 08. Yurii I. Skuratov | 09. Konstantin A. Titov | 10. Tuleyev, Aman-Geldy | 11. Grigorii A. Yavlinskii | 90. Against all candidates | 91. Other answer | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - TAIWAN (2001): B3017 | | 01. Lien Chan (Kmt) | 02. Chen Shui-Bian (Dpp) | 03. Lee Ao (Np) | 07. Soong Chu-Yu (Independent) | 09. Hsu Hsin Liang (Independent) | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - TAIWAN (2004): B3017 | | In the Taiwan 2001 presidential election, voters cast one | ballot for their preferred presidential and vice-presidential | candidate simultaneously. Thus, when survey respondents report | for whom they voted, they mentioned both components of the | ballot. | | 01. Chen and Lu (DPP) | 02. Soong and Chang (Independent) | 03. Lien and Siew (KMT) | 04. Hsu and Chu (Independent) | 05. Li and Feng (NP) | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - UNITED STATES (2004): B3017 | | 01. George W. Bush | 02. Al Gore | 03. Ralph Nader | 06. Pat Buchanan --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B3018_1 >>> PREVIOUS ELECTION: VOTE CHOICE - LOWER HOUSE 1 B3018_2 >>> PREVIOUS ELECTION: VOTE CHOICE - LOWER HOUSE 2 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- If applicable and respondent cast a ballot: This variable reports the vote(s) cast by the respondent in LOWER house elections. See Election Study Notes for more information. .................................................................. 01-89. [SEE APPENDIX I FOR PARTY AND LEADER CODES] 90. [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 91. [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 94. INCONSISTENT RESPONSE: R reported casting a ballot but R did not vote 96. RESPONDENT CAST INVALID BALLOT 97. REFUSED 98. DON'T KNOW 99. MISSING | NOTES: B3018 | | See also notes for variables B3016-B3017. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ALBANIA (2005): B3018_1 | | This variable reports the respondents' 'proportional vote', | i.e., vote for party list. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ALBANIA (2005): B3018_2 | | This variable reports the respondents' district candidate | votes. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - AUSTRALIA (2004): B3018_1 | | CSES category "10. Others" corresponds to the original combined | category of "Another party/independent". | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BELGIUM (2003): B3018_1 | | This variable reports vote choice in National Elections for the | Chamber of Representatives of June 13th 1999. Party "23. SP" | subsequently changed name into party "SP.A". Category "99. | Missing" contains cases originally coded as "Did not vote" and | "wasn't allowed to vote". Code "96. Invalid ballot" contains | cases originally coded as "Blank" and "Invalid". | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - FINLAND (2003): B3018_1 | | This variable reports candidate or candidate preference vote in | legislative elections. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GERMANY (2002): B3018_1 | | This variable reports the respondents' party list ("second") | votes. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GERMANY (2002): B3018_2 | | This variable reports the respondents' candidate ("first") | votes. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GREAT BRITAIN (2005): B3018_1 | | "Other" category includes UKIP/Veritas, BNP/National Front, | Respect/SSP/Socialist party, and Green. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HUNGARY (2002): B3018_1 | | This variable reports the respondents' party list vote. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ISRAEL (2003): B3018_1 | | This variable concerns Knesset election in 1999. | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 90. Did not vote but had right to vote | 91. Did not have right to vote | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ITALY (2006): B3018_1 | | Note that The Union of Christian and Centre Democrats did not | formally exist as a single political party in the 2001 election. | Instead it ran as an alliance of the CCD (Centro Cristiano | Democratico) and CDU (United Christian Democrats). In 2002 these | two parties merged into the Union of Christian and Centre | Democrats. In variable B3018_1 20 respondents mentioned voting | for the alliance of these two parties. For systematization | purposes we coded these responses as voting for the UDC. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - JAPAN (2004): B3018_1 | | This variable reports vote in single-member (prefectural) | districts in 2003 general elections (Lower House). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - JAPAN (2004): B3018_2 | | This variable reports vote for the nation-wide proportional | representation in 2003 general elections (Lower House). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NEW ZEALAND (2002): B3018_1 | | This variable report the respondents' party list vote. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PHILIPPINES (2004): B3016-B3018_1 | | Parliamentary, Senate, and Presidential elections were held | simultaneously. Thus, certain inconsistencies may occur for | those respondents who cast vote for one but not the other. | Therefore the inconsistency codes (4 in B3004, and 94 in | B3017-B3018) have not been used. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PHILIPPINES (2004): B3018_1 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 91. Voted but did not vote for a lower house | candidate | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - POLAND (2001): B3018 | | Please see notes for B3016. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ROMANIA (2004): B3016-B3019 | | See election study note for B3016. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SPAIN (2004): B3018_1 | | Blank vote is a valid ballot. In Spain there are two types | of ballots - valid and invalid. Within the valid ballots | there are two types: ballots for party lists and blank | ballots. A blank ballot is not counted for any list but it | is counted as a valid ballot. | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 96. Blank vote | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWEDEN (2002): B3018_1 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 98. Volunteered: don't know/refused --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B3019_1 >>> PREVIOUS ELECTION: VOTE CHOICE - UPPER HOUSE 1 B3019_2 >>> PREVIOUS ELECTION: VOTE CHOICE - UPPER HOUSE 2 B3019_3 >>> PREVIOUS ELECTION: VOTE CHOICE - UPPER HOUSE 3 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- If applicable and respondent cast a ballot: This variable reports the vote(s) cast by the respondent in UPPER house elections. See Election Study Notes for more information. .................................................................. 01-89. [SEE APPENDIX I FOR PARTY AND LEADER CODES] 94. INCONSISTENT RESPONSE: R reported casting a ballot but R did not vote 96. RESPONDENT CAST INVALID BALLOT 97. REFUSED 98. DON'T KNOW 99. MISSING | NOTES: B3019 | | See also notes for variable B3016-3018. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BRAZIL (2002): B3019_1 | | The original variable contained candidate names without their | party affiliation. The candidate party affiliation was extracted | from: Base de dados das eleições de 1998, Tribunal Superior | Eleitoral: http://www.tse.gov.br/ [June 22, 2005]. | | Note: Because B3016 refers to participation in presidential | election (as reported in B3017), the inconsistency code 94 was | not applied in B3019_1. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - POLAND (2001): B3019 | | The question about participation in previous election (B3016) is | not strictly applicable for the B3019 variables in the Polish | case. In particular, electoral districts' voters were entitled | to cast two or three votes for Senate candidates. Hence, the | increasing number of missing values in variables B3019_1 to | B3019_3. For the same reason, the inconsistency codes ("94" in | B3017 and "4" in B3016 were not applied). | | Please also see notes for B3016. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ROMANIA (2004): B3016-B3019 | | See election study note for B3016. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B3020 >>> PREVIOUS ELECTION: DID R CAST CANDIDATE PREFERENCE VOTE --------------------------------------------------------------------------- If applicable and respondent cast a ballot: Q13D. For elections in which the respondent can vote for (or rank) candidates of a chosen party list (i.e. where lists are "open" or flexible), this variable reports whether or not the respondent cast a preference vote. .................................................................. 1. RESPONDENT EXERCISED CANDIDATE PREFERENCE 2. RESPONDENT DID NOT EXERCISE CANDIDATE PREFERENCE 6. INVALID BALLOT 7. REFUSED 8. DON'T KNOW 9. MISSING | NOTES: B3020 | | See also notes for variable B3016-3019. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B3021 >>> PERFORMANCE OF PARTY R VOTED FOR IN PREVIOUS ELECTION --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Q14. How well did the party you voted for then perform over the past (NUMBER OF YEARS between the previous and the current election) years? Has it done a very good job? A good job? A bad job? A very bad job? .................................................................. 1. VERY GOOD JOB 2. GOOD JOB 3. BAD JOB 4. VERY BAD JOB 5. [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 7. REFUSED 8. DON'T KNOW 9. MISSING | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HONG KONG (2004): B3021 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 5. Can't be evaluated | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - IRELAND (2002): B3021 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 5. Respondents who voted for an independent | in the previous election | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ISRAEL (2003): B3021 | | This variable refers to 1999 Knesset elections and vote choice | reported in B3018_1. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ITALY (2006): B3021 | | For the 2001 general elections, Italy employed a mixed | proportional system in which voters cast two votes (candidate | and party vote). The response for this variable makes reference | to the party vote. Question text: "Your said that in 2001, for | the proportional component you voted [display party voted in | Q13B]. What is your assessment of what this party has done in | the last five years?" | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. Very Positive | 2. Positive | 3. Negative | 4. Very Negative | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - JAPAN (2004): B3021 | | Question text: "Q31. How has the party you voted for in the | proportional- representation constituency in last year's House | of Councilors election performed over this past year? Please | choose from one of the following. | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. They are doing a very good job | 2. They are doing a good job | 3. They are doing a bad job | 4. They are doing a very bad job | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NEW ZEALAND (2002): B3021 | | This question was not asked in the New Zealand Election Study. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PORTUGAL (2005): B3021 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 5. Did not vote in 2002 | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWEDEN (2002): B3021 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 8. Volunteered: don't know/refused --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B3022 >>> HOW WELL VOTERS' VIEWS ARE REPRESENTED IN ELECTIONS --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Q15. Thinking about how elections in [country] work in practice, how well do elections ensure that the views of voters are represented by Majority Parties: very well, quite well, not very well, or not well at all? .................................................................. 1. VERY WELL 2. QUITE WELL 3. NOT VERY WELL 4. NOT WELL AT ALL 7. REFUSED 8. DON'T KNOW 9. MISSING | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ALBANIA (2005): B3022 | | Question text: "C26. Thinking about how parliamentary elections | in Albania work in practice, how well do elections ensure that | the views of voters are represented in the Parliament by MPs: | very well, quite well, not very well, or not well at all?" | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GREAT BRITAIN (2005): B3022 | | Original question was slightly modified. Instead of asking for | how voters views were represented by major parties, it was asked | about MPs. The exact question was: "Thinking about how | elections in Britain work in practice, how well do elections | ensure that the views of voters are represented by MPs?" | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - JAPAN (2004): B3022 | | This item was formulated in slightly different manner. Question | text: "Q32. When you think of Japanese elections, how well do | elections ensure that the views of voters are represented by the | Congress members?" | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NETHERLANDS (2002): B3022 | | Question text: "What do you actually think of elections in the | Netherlands? Do you think that elections insure that the | opinions of the voters are transmitted well by the Members of | Parliament? Are the opinions of the Members of Parliament a good | reflection of the opinions of the voters, a pretty good | reflection, a not so good reflection or a bad reflection?" | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. 1. Good reflection | 2. 2. Pretty good reflection | 3. 3. Not so good reflection | 4. 4. Bad reflection | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWEDEN (2002): B3022 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 8. Volunteered: don't know/refused --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B3023 >>> IS THERE A PARTY THAT REPRESENTS R'S VIEWS --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Q16. Would you say that any of the parties in [country] represents your views reasonably well? .................................................................. 1. YES 2. NO 4. INCONSISTENT RESPONSE: R responded "no" to this item, (B3023), but chose a party in B3024 7. REFUSED 8. DON'T KNOW 9. MISSING | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - AUSTRALIA (2004): B3023 | | This variable was reconstructed from the party preference | question. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CANADA (2004): B3023-B3024 | | There are 17 cases with missing answers to B3023 but who | selected a party in B3024. These data remain unchanged. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GREAT BRITAIN (2005): B3023 | | In the Great Britain (2005) survey, respondents were asked | in a single question whether a party represents their views, and | what that party is. The question wording was: "Would you say | that any of the parties in Britain represents your views | reasonably well? IF YES: Which party represents your views | best?" | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. Yes - Conservative | Yes - Labour | Yes - Liberal Democrat | Yes - Scottish National Party | Yes - Plaid Cymru | Yes - Other party | 2. No party represents my views | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - TAIWAN (2004): B3023 | | In the Taiwan survey 191 responded "It's hard to say". These | responses are coded "8. Don't know." --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B3024 >>> PARTY THAT REPRESENTS R'S VIEWS BEST --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Q16a. [IF YES AT Q16] Which party represents your views best? .................................................................. 01-89. [SEE APPENDIX I FOR PARTY AND LEADER CODES] 94. INCONSISTENT RESPONSE: YES To B3023 But No Party Selected 97. REFUSED 98. DON'T KNOW 99. MISSING | NOTES: B3024 | | Respondents occasionally answered "Refused" in B3023 and then | mentioned a party in B3024. These data have not been changed. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CANADA (2004): B3023-B3024 | | There are 17 cases with missing answers to B3023 but who | selected a party in B3024. These data remain unchanged. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CZECH REPUBLIC (2002): B3024 | | Question B3023 was not used as a filter for asking the question | B3024. As a result, there is a number of respondents who | answered "NO" or "DON'T KNOW" to B3023 and were asked B3024 | question (they said that there is no party that represents their | views, but were asked which was that party and chose one). These | data remain unchanged. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PHILIPPINES (2004): B3024-B3035 | | Some of the party categories listed in the appendix were | constructed by collapsing two or more original categories. These | were usually differently worded references to the same party. | The following two tables show what original categories compose | the combined CSES categories: | | CSES category Original party choice item code | 01. LAKAS-CMD 03. GLORIA MACAPAGAL-ARROYO PARTY | 05. LAKAS CMD - CHRISTIAN MUSLIM DEMOCRATS | 06. LAKAS KAY ARROYO | 07. LAKAS NUCD - UMDP | 10. PARTIDO NG PRESIDENTE | 16. PRESIDENTIAL PARTY | 56. CMD - COALITION MOVEMENT DEMOCRATS | 04. LDP 23. LDP | 62. LACSON PARTY | 06. PMP 31. PMP | 20. JOSEPH ESTRADA 'ERAP' PARTY | 25. MASANG | 08. KNP 18. KNP | 19. FERNANDO POE PARTY | 10. AD 36. AKSYON DEMOKRATIKO | 35. RAUL ROCO PARTY | 21. Bayan Muna 48. BAYAN MUNA | 49. BAYAN | | Original party code B3024 B3029_1 B3029_2 B3029_3 B3033 B3035 | Number of cases | 03. 40 23 0 1 3 16 | 05. 2 2 0 0 0 1 | 06. 1 0 0 0 0 0 | 07. 33 32 10 2 6 11 | 10. 0 0 0 0 0 1 | 16. 0 0 0 0 0 1 | 56. 1 1 0 0 0 0 | 23. 10 4 8 0 0 5 | 62. 4 1 2 0 0 0 | 31. 4 1 0 0 1 2 | 20. 7 1 0 0 0 4 | 25. 0 1 0 0 0 1 | 18. 11 16 0 0 5 3 | 19. 8 6 1 0 0 8 | 36. 3 3 1 0 2 0 | 35. 6 2 0 0 0 2 | 48. 9 5 0 0 0 3 | 49. 1 0 0 0 0 1 | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ROMANIA (2004): B3024, B3029, B3033, | B3035 | | The question as asked in Romania was open-ended. As a result, | the respondent might have chosen to select an alliance or an | individual party involved in that alliance. So, in order to | calculate the score (as a frequency) of an alliance, analysts | may find it helpful to recode as follows: | | - code 9 (Social Democratic Party) and code 8 (Romanian | Humanistic Party) as 1 (National Alliance: Social Democratic | Party + Romanian Humanistic Party); | | - code 6 (National Liberal Party) and code 7 (Democrat Party) | as 2 (Truth and Justice Alliance: National Liberal Party - | Democratic Party). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWEDEN (2002): B3024 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 98. Volunteered: don't know/refused | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - TAIWAN (2004): B3024 | | There is one respondent (B1009=0110180998) that answered "all | the five parties of KMT, DDP, PFP, TSU, and NP." We recoded this | response as missing. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B3025 >>> IS THERE A LEADER THAT REPRESENTS R'S VIEWS --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Q17. Regardless of how you feel about the parties, would you say that any of the individual party leaders/presidential candidates at the last election represents your views reasonably well? .................................................................. 1. YES 2. NO 4. INCONSISTENT RESPONSE: R Answered NO But Reported A Leader Preference 7. REFUSED 8. DON'T KNOW 9. MISSING | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - AUSTRALIA (2004): B3025 | | This variable was reconstructed from the leader preference | question. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CANADA (2004): B3025-B3026 | | There are 34 cases with missing answers to B3025 who selected a | leader in B3026. These data remain unchanged. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GREAT BRITAIN (2005): B3025 | | In the Great Britain (2005) survey, respondents were asked | in a single question whether a leader represents their views, | and who that leader is. The question wording was: "Regardless | of how you feel about the parties, would you say that any of the | individual party leaders at the last election represents your | views reasonably well? IF YES: Which party leader represents | your views best?" | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. Yes - Tony Blair | Yes - Michael Howard | Yes - Charles Kennedy | Yes - Alex Salmond | Yes - Dafydd Iwan | Yes - Other party leader | 2. No party leader represents my views | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PHILIPPINES (2004): B3024-B3035 | | See election study note for B3024. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWEDEN (2002): B3025 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 8. Volunteered: don't know/refused | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - TAIWAN (2004): B3025 | | In the Taiwan survey 191 responded "It's hard to say". These | respondents are coded "8. Don't know." --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B3026 >>> LEADER THAT REPRESENTS R'S VIEWS BEST --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Q17a. [IF YES AT Q17] Which party leader/presidential candidate represents your views best? .................................................................. 0001-8902. [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 9994. INCONSISTENT RESPONSE: YES To B3025 But No Leader Selected 9997. REFUSED 9998. DON'T KNOW 9999. MISSING | NOTES: B3026 | | The first two digits of the following codes correspond to the | party with which the leader is associated, as reported in | Appendix I. | | Respondents occasionally answered "Refused" in B3025 and then | mentioned a leader in B3026. These data have not been changed. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ALBANIA (2005): B3026 | | 0101. Fatos Nano | 0201. Sali Berisha | 0301. Ilir Meta | 0401. Fatmir Mediu | 0501. Skender Gjinushi | 0601. Leka Zogu | 0701. Nikolle Lesi | 0801. Neritan Ceka | 0901. Lufter Xhuveli | 1001. Genc Pollo | 8901. Other | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - AUSTRALIA (2004): B3026 | | 0101. John Howard | 0301. Mark Latham | 0201. John Anderson | 0601. Andrew Bartlett | 0401. Bob Brown | 1001. Other party leader | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BRAZIL (2002): B3026 | | 1301. Luiz Inácio 'Lula' da Silva | 2301. Ciro Gomes | 4001. Anthony Garotinho | 4501. José Serra | 4502. Fernando Henrique Cardoso | 8901. Other | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BULGARIA (2001): B3026 | | 0101. Georgi Pirinski | 0102. Georgi Parvanov | 0103. Nikolai Kamov | 0104. Rumen Ovcharov | 0105. Stoyan Alexandrov | 0106. Ginyo Ganev | 0107. Yanaki Stoilov | 0108. Emilia Maslarova | 0201. Alexandar Pramatarski | 0202. Ekatherina Mihailova | 0203. Ivan Kostov | 0204. Nadezda Mihailova | 0205. Stefan Sofianski | 0206. Hristo Kurtev | 0207. Petar Stoyanov | 0208. Ivan Neykov | 0209. Svetoslav Luchnikov | 0301. Ahmed Dogan | 0302. Emel Etem | 0501. George Ganchev | 1501. Lyuben Dillov-Jr | 1901. Monyo Hristov | 2101. Alexandar Karakachanov | 2501. Krasimir Karakachanov | 3001. Anastasia Mauser | 6301. Emil Koshlukov | 6302. Milen Velchev | 6303. Simeon Saxe-Coburggotha | 6304. Nikolai Vassilev | 6305. Plamen Panayotov | 6306. Stoyan Ganev | 6307. Solomon Passi | 6308. Ognyan Gerdjikov | 7001. Nikolai Haitov | 8201. Ventzeslav Dimithrov | 8301. Alexandar Tomov | 8302. Petya Shopova | 8601. Krasimir Premyanov | 8602. Blagovest Sendov | 8603. Kostadin Paskalev | 8704. Petar Beron | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CANADA (2004): B3025-B3026 | | There are 34 cases with missing answers to B3025 who selected a | leader in B3026. These data remain unchanged. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CANADA (2004): B3026 | | 0101. Paul Martin | 0201. Stephen Harper | 0301. Jack Layton | 0401. Gilles Duceppe | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CHILE (2005): B3026 | | 0101. Joaquín Lavín | 0401. Sebastian Pinera | 0501. Michelle Bachelet | 0801. Tomas Hirsch | 8901. Other | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CZECH REPUBLIC (2002): B3026 | | 0301. Milos Zeman | 0302. Petra Buzkova | 0303. Stanislav Gross | 0304. Vladimir Spidla | 0305. Pavel Dostál | 1101. Miroslav Sladek | 2201. Vaclav Klaus | 2202. Premysl Sobotka | 2203. Vlastimil Tlusty | 2204. Ivan Langer | 2301. Vaclav Exner | 2302. Vojtech Filip | 2303. Miroslav Grebenicek | 2304. Miroslav Ransdorf | 2701. Petr Cibulka | 3001. Jan Kasal | 3002. Cyril Svoboda | 3601. Hana Marvanova | 8901. Other | | The following codes are assigned to respondents who mentioned a | political party but did not name a leader: | | 0300. CSSD | 2200. ODS | 2800. Strana Zelenych | 3000. KDU-CSL | 3600. US | | Note: Question B3025 was not used as a filter for asking | the B3026. As a result, there is a number of respondents who | answered "NO" or "DON'T KNOW" to B3025 and were asked B3026 | question (they said that there is no leader that represents | their views, but were asked who was that leader). These data | remain unchanged. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - DENMARK (2001): B3026 | | 0101. Poul Nyrup Rasmussen | 0201. Marianne Jelved | 0301. Bendt Bendtsen | 0401. Mimi Jakobsen | 0501. Holger K. Nielsen | 0601. Pia Kjærsgaard | 0701. Jan Sjursen | 0801. Anders Fogh Rasmussen | 1001. Mogens Glistrup | 1101. Frank Aaen (no official leader) | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - FINLAND (2003): B3026 | | 0501. Jan-Erik Enestam (Swedish People's Party in Finland) | 0201. Anneli Jäätteenmäki (Center Party) | 0301. Ville Itälä (National Coaltion Party) | 0701. Bjarne Kallis (Christian Democrats) | 0101. Paavo Lipponen (Social Democratic Party of Finland) | 0401. Suvi-Anne Siimes (Left Alliance) | 0801. Timo Soini (True Finns) | 0601. Osmo Soininvaara (Green League) | 4901. Other | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - FRANCE (2002): B3026 | | 0101. B. Megret | 0201. J. Le Pen | 0301. P. De Villiers | 0401. C. Pasqua | 0501. J. Chirac | 0601. A. Madelin | 0701. F. Bayrou | 0801. J. Saint-Josse | 0901. N. Mamere | 1101. C. Taubira | 1201. J. Chevenment | 1301. L. Jospin | 1401. R. Hue | 1501. O. Becancenot | 1601. A. Laguiller | 1701. D. Gluckstein | 1801. C. Boutin | 1901. C. Lepage | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GERMANY (2002): B3026 | | 0101. Gerhard Schroeder (Spd) | 0201. Angela Merkel (Cdu) | 0301. Edmund Stoiber (Csu) | 0401. Joschka Fischer (B90/Greens) | 0501. Guido Westerwelle (Fdp) | 0601. Gabi Zimmer (Pds) | 7901. Others | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GREAT BRITAIN (2005): B3026 | | "Other leaders" include George Galloway (Respect), Colin Fox | (SSP), Caroline Lucas/Keith Taylor (Green Party). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HONG KONG (2004): B3026 | | 0101. Yeung Sum | 0102. Martin Lee Chu Ming | 0103. Li Wah Ming | 0104. James To Kan Sun | 0105. Andrew Cheng Kar Foo | 0106. Lee Wing Tat | 0107. Ho Chun Yan | 0108. Cheung Man Kwong | 0201. Emily Lau Wai Hing | 0202. Cyd Ho Sau Lan | 0301. Frederick Fung Kin Kee | 0401. Chan Yuen Han | 0402. Lau Chin Shek | 0403. Li Kwok Ying | 0404. Lee Cheuk Yan | 0501. Leung Yiu Chung | 0601. Ma Lik | 0602. Chan Kam Lam | 0603. Jasper Tsang Yok Shing | 0604. Lau Kwok Wah | 0605. Tam Yiu Chung | 0701. James Tien Pei Chun | 0702. Selina Chow Shuk Yee | 0901. Leung Kwok Hung | 1101. Andrey Eu Yuet Mee | 1102. Leong Kah Kit | 1103. Tong Ka Wah | 1104. Margaret Ng Ngoi Yee | 2101. Albert Cheng Jinghan | 2102. Andrew Wong Wang Fat | 2103. Lau Wong Fat | 2104. Rita Hsu Lai Tai | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HUNGARY (2002): B3026 | | 0101. Mihály Kupa | 0401. István Csurka | 0501. Péter Medgyessy | 0601. Gábor Kuncze | 0701. Gyula Thürmer | 0901. Others | 1001. Viktor Orbán | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ICELAND (2003): B3026 | | 0101. Ingibjörg Sólrún Gísladóttir | 0201. Halldór Ásgrímsson | 0301. Davíd Oddsson | 0401. Steingrímur J. Sigfússon | 0501. Gudjón Arnar Kristjánsson | 1001. Other leader | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - IRELAND (2002): B3026 | | 0101. Bertie Ahern | 0201. Michael Noonan | 0301. Trevor Sargent | 0401. Ruairi Quinn | 0501. Mary Harney | 0601. Gerry Adams | 1201. Other | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ISRAEL (2003): B3026 | | 0101. Ariel Sharon | 0133. Reuben Rivliin | 0179. Benyamin Netanyahu | 0181. Shaul Mofaz* | 0183. Danni Neve | 0186. Meir Shitrit | 0188. Milo Roni | 0202. Mitzna Amram | 0231. Ben-Eliezer Benyamin | 0270. Shimon Peres | 0274. Vilnayi Matan | 0277. Ehud Barak* | 0292. Rabin Yitzhak* | 0303. Tommy Lapid | 0404. Yosi Sarid | 0432. Avshalom Vilan | 0471. Yosi Beylin | 0472. Hayim Oron | 0487. Shulamit Aloni* | 0493. Ran Cohen | 0505. Liberman Avigdor | 0580. Benny Alon | 0606. Effie Eitam | 0676. Zvulon Orlev | 0690. Shaul Yahalom | 0707. Jacob Litzman | 0775. Gafni Moshe | 0782. Harav Meir Porush | 0795. Ravitz Avraham | 0808. Eli Ishay | 0884. Arye Derry* | 0909. Boaz Nul | 1010. Natan Sharansky | 1030. Marina Solodkin | 1111. Amir Peretz | 1212. Boaz Vechtel | 1313. Michael Kleiner | 1385. Baruch Marzel | 1414. Moshe Green | 1494. Rafael Eytan* | 1515. Eti Shiraz* | 1616. Peer Vaysner | 1717. Avi Ovadiya | 1919. Yosef Ba-Gad* | 2020. Jacob Shluser | 2121. Yosi Kaduri | 2222. Alexandr Tzinker | 2323. Asma Agabriya | 2424. Hasham Machmid | 2525. David Magen | 2727. Azmi B'shara | 2828. Abed Malk | 2929. Muchamad Baracke | 2960. Achmad Tibi | 4062. T'alab Asana | 4073. Harav Ovadiya Yossef* | 4078. Schechter | 4089. Harav Shtaynman* | 4091. Rehav'am Zeevi* | | * Denotes leaders not participating as candidates of | a party at the elections for the 16th Knesset. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ITALY (2006): B3026 | | 0101. Silvio Berlusconi (Forza Italia) | 0201. Piero Fassino (Democratici di Sinistra) | 0301. Gianfranco Fini (Alleanza Nazionale) | 0401. Francesco Rutelli (La Margherita) | 0501. Pier Ferdinando Casini (UDC) | 0601. Fausto Bertinotti (Partito della Rifondazione Comunista) | 0701. Umberto Bossi (Lega Nord) | 0801. Enrico Boselli (Italian Democratic Socialists/La Rosa | del Pugno) | 0901. Emma Bonino (Radical party/La Rosa del Pugno) | 1001. Antonio Di Pietro (Di Pietro Italia Dei Valori) | 1101. Alfonso Pecoraro Scanio (Verdi) | 1201. Clemente Mastella (Populari-UDEUR) | 1301. Romano Prodi (Inp./Coalition Unione) | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - JAPAN (2004): B3026 | | The variable originally recorded leaders' party affiliation | only. The following list shows also leaders of the | corresponding parties. | | 0101. Liberal Democratic Party: Junichiro Koizumi | 0201. Democratic Party of Japan: Katsuya Okada | 0301. New Komeito (Clean Government Party): | Takenori Kanzaki | 0401. Social Democratic Party: Mizuho Fukushima | 0501. Japanese Communist Party: Kazuo Shii | 0601. Other party | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - KYRGYZSTAN (2005): B3026 | | The connection between political parties and political leaders | is very loose. Therefore, this variable reports just candidate | names without their association with political parties. | | 0001. Aitikeev | 0002. Bakiev | 0003. Bakir uulu Tursunbay | 0004. Duishebaev | 0005. Zheksheev | 0006. Umetalieva | 0010. Atambaev | 0013. Bakiev and Kulov "Tandem" | 0014. Kulov | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - MEXICO (2003): B3026 | | 0103. Vicente Fox | 0106. Natividad González Paras | 0108. Abraham González | 0112. Noe Sánchez Cruz | 0113. Marcelo De Los Santos | 0115. Ramon Corral | 0116. Luis Felipe Bravo Mena | 0118. Diego Fernández De Cevallos | 0122. Floriberto A Miranda | 0123. Juan Carlos Del Río | 0124. Orlando Pérez Moguel | 0129. Francisco Garrido | 0134. Donaldo Errasquin | 0141. Jesús De Las Fuentes | 0142. Federico Doring | 0143. Eugenio Elorduy | 0148. Santiago Creel Miranda | 0149. Felipe Calderón Hinojosa | 0151. Mauricio Fernández | 0161. Gerardo Medina | 0168. Yleana Baeza | 0170. Javier Casteló | 0172. Carlos Medina Plascencia | 0173. Ignacio Labra | 0174. Alberto Cano | 0175. Fernando Elizondo Barragán | 0202. Roberto Madrazo | 0207. Jesús Vizcarra Calderón | 0209. Eduardo Bours | 0210. Juan Carlos Hurtado | 0211. Miguel Osorio Chong | 0214. Gabriel Peniche | 0217. Palemón García | 0219. Roberto Pedraza | 0220. Manuel Abdala | 0226. Francisco Labastida Ochoa | 0227. Ricardo Rodríguez Rocha | 0232. Fernando Ortiz Arana | 0235. Ramón Salas López | 0236. Ricardo Bours | 0237. Rubén Figueroa Smutay | 0238. Jorge Arana | 0239. Enrique Martínez | 0211. Miguel Osorio Chong | 0240. Lucero Palma | 0244. Pedro Nevares | 0245. Ubaldo Aguilar | 0247. Jesús Tolentino | 0253. Mario Wong | 0254. Horacio Garza | 0256. Jorge Uscanga Escobar | 0257. Alfonso Sánchez | 0258. Moisés Jiménez | 0259. German Sierra | 0262. Arturo Montiel Rojas | 0264. Arturo Zamora | 0265. Jesús Maria Ramos | 0271. Eduardo Escobedo | 0301. Andrés Manuel López Obrador | 0305. Rosario Robles Berlanga | 0321. Carlos Cantu Rosas | 0331. Guillermo Huizar | 0333. Javier Manzano Salazar | 0350. Elías Dip Ramé | 0352. Laura Velazquez | 0355. Cuauhtemoc Cárdenas | 0360. Emilio Fernández | 0363. Javier Saucedo | 0366. Elio Bejarano | 0404. Jorge Emilio González Torres | 0530. Nahum Delgado Zamorano | 0567. Juan Cruz Martínez | 0569. Santiago González | 0625. Layda Sansores | 0646. Dante Delgado | 0728. Nora Yu | 7600. Other | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NEW ZEALAND (2002): B3026 | | 0101. Helen Clarke | 0201. Bill English | 0301. Winston Peters | 0401. Richard Prebble | 0501. Jeanette Fitzsimons | 0601. Peter Dunne | 0701. Jim Anderton | 0801. Laila Harre | 1101. Other | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NORWAY (2001): B3026 | | 0202. Kristin Halvorsen (Socialist Left) | 0303. Jens Stoltenberg (Labout Pm) | 0311. Thorbjørn Jagland (Labour Party Leader) | 0404. Lars Sponheim (Liberal Party)) | 0505. Valgerd Svarstad Haugland (Christians Peoples Party) | 0606. Odd Roger Enoksen (Center Party) | 0808. Jan Petersen (Conservative Party) | 0909. Carl I. Hagen (Progress Party) | 1010. Others | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PERU (2006): B3026 | | 0101. Ollanta Humala Tasso | 0201. Alan García Pérez | 0301. Lourdes Flores Nano | 0401. Martha Chávez Cossío | 0501. Valentín Paniagua Corazao | 0601. Humberto Lay Sun | 0801. Other | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PHILIPPINES (2004): B3024-B3035 | | See election study note for B3024. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PHILIPPINES (2004): B3026 | | 0101. Arroyo, Gloria Macapagal | 0102. (K4 Block Party) De Venecia, Jose | 0103. (K4 Block Party) Gordon, Dick | 0104. (K4 Block Party) Ramos, Fidel | 0105. (K4 Block Party) Mayor Abalos | 0106. (K4 Block Party) De Castro, Noli | 0107. (K4 Block Party) Cayetano, Pia | 0108. (K4 Block Party) De Villa, Renato | 0109. K4 Block Party (Leader Unspecified) | 0110. CMD-Coalition Movement Democrats (Leader Unspecified) | 0111. Lakas NUCD - UMDP Party (Leader Unspecified) | 0112. (K4 Block Party) Pangilinan, Francis | 0302. Salonga | 0401. Lacson, Panfilo 'Ping' | 0402. Lacson Party (Leader Unspecified) | 0403. Ldp-Laban Ng Demokratikong Pilipino (Leader Unspecified) | 0501. NP - Nationalist Party (Leader Unspecified) | 0801. Poe, Fernando 'FPJ' Jr. | 0802. Estrada, Joseph 'Erap' | 0803. Sotto, Vicente III | 0804. Knp Block Party (leader unspecified) | 1001. Roco, Raul | 1002. Aksyon Demokratiko Party (leader unspecified) | 1201. Villanueva, Eddie | 1202. Bangon Pilipinas Party (leader unspecified) | 2101. Ocampo, Satur | 2102. Bayan Muna (leader unspecified) | 2901. Rosales, Eta | | Leaders without party affiliation: | | 8501. Naval, Danilo | 8502. Sang | 8503. Romulo, Roman | 8504. Aquino, Corazon 'Cory' | 8505. Roldan, Emy | 8506. Fox | 8507. Moreno, Rowelio | 8701. Other, unspecified | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - POLAND (2001): B3026 | | 0201. Jerzy Buzek | 0301. Bronislaw Geremek | 0401. Andrzej Lepper | 0501. Lech Kaczynski | 0601. Jaroslaw Kalinowski | 0701. Andrzej Olechowski | 0702. Maciej Plazynski | 0703. Donald Tusk | 0801. Tomasz Karwowski | 3001. Marek Pol | 3401. Leszek Miller | 3402. Other Alliance Of Democratic Left Leader | 3501. Janusz Korwin-Mikke | 3601. Jan Olszewski | 4001. Boleslaw Tejkowski | 4501. Piotr Ikonowicz | 5801. Antoni Macierewicz | 5901. Jan Lopuszanski | 6001. Lech Walesa | 6101. Leszek Moczulski | 8901. Other Leader | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PORTUGAL (2002): B3026 | | 0101. Durao Barroso | 0201. Ferro Rodrigues | 0301. Paulo Portas | 0401. Carlos Carvalhas | 0501. Francisco Louca | 0601. Garcia Pereira | 1401. Other | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PORTUGAL (2005): B3026 | | 0101. Francisco Louçã | 0201. Paulo Portas | 0301. Jerónimo de Sousa | 0401. Pedro Santana Lopes | 0501. José Sócrates | 1001. Other | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ROMANIA (2004): B3026 | | 0101. Adrian Nastase | 0201. Traian Basescu | 0301. Corneliu Vadim Tudor | 0401. Marko Bella | 0402. Frunda Gyorgy (UDMR) | 0501. Gheorghe Ciuhandu | 0601. Mona Musca (PNL) | 0602. Theodor Stolojan (PNL) | 0603. Calin Popescu Tariceanu (PNL) | 0701. Cozmin Gusa (PD) | 0901. Mircea Geoana (PSD) | 0902. Ion Iliescu (PSD) | 0903. Miron Mitrea (PSD) | 0904. Ioan Rus (PSD) | 1001. George Becali (PNG) | 8901. Petre Roman (Democratic Force - FD) | 8902. Smaranda Enache (Popular Action - AP) | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - RUSSIA (2004): B3026 | | 0101. Putin, Vladimir Vladimirovich | 0102. Shoigu, Sergei Kuzhugetovich * | 0201. Kharitonov, Nikolai Mikhailovich | 0202. Zyganov, Gennadii A. * | 0301. Malyshkin, Oleg Alexandrovich | 0302. Zhirinovskii, Vladimir Volfovich * | 0401. Glazyev, Sergey Yurevich | 0505. Khakamada, Irina Mutsuovna | 8801. Mironov, Sergey Mikhailovich ** | 8802. Titov, Konstantin A *** | | Political Party Referred at Open Question for the Candidates: | | 0199. United Russia | 0699. Yabloko | | 9990. Against all candidates | 9991. Other answer | | * They did not run for the presidential election. However, | the respondents replied them as the presidential candidates | who represent their views best. | ** Mironov is the leader of a minor party, Russian Party of | Life, which did not have representation in the Duma. | *** Titov participated in the United Russia in 2005, after the | survey. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SLOVENIA (2004): B3026 | | 0101. Janez Jansa | 0201. Anton Rop | 0202. Janez Drnovsek | 0301. Borut Pahor | 0302. Milan Kucan | 0401. Andrej Bajuk | 0402. Alojz Peterle | 0501. Janez Podobnik | 0601. Zmago Jelincic | 0701. Anton Rous | 8901. Other | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SOUTH KOREA (2004): B3026 | | 0101. Park, Geun Hye | 0201. Chu, Mi Ae | 0301. Jung, Dong Young | 0501. (Name missing, value not known) | 0601. Gwon, Young Gil | 0701. Other leader | | It is unknown to which leader code 0501 corresponds. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SPAIN (2004): B3026 | | The variable originally recorded leaders' party affiliations | only. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWEDEN (2002): B3026 | | 0101. Left Party - Gudrun Schyman | 0202. Social Democrats - Göran Persson | 0303. Centre Party - Maud Olofsson | 0404. People'S Party Liberals - Lars Leijonborg | 0505. Conservative Party - Bo Lundgren | 0606. Christian Democrats - Alf Svensson | 0707. Green Party - Peter Eriksson | 0708. Green Party - Maria Wetterstrand | 0709. Other Party Leader | 9998. Volunteered: don't know/refused | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWITZERLAND (2003): B3026 | | The variable originally recorded leaders' party affiliations | only. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - TAIWAN (2001): B3026 | | 0101. Kuomintang | 0202. Democratic Progressive Party | 0303. New Party | 0404. People First Party | 0505. Taiwan Independent Party | 0606. Taiwan Solidarity Union | 0707. Independent Candidate | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - TAIWAN (2004): B3026 | | 0101. Chen Shui-bian | 0201. Lien Chan | 0102. Lu Hsiu-lien | 0301. Soong Chu-yu | 1010. Other | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - UNITED STATES (2004): B3026 | | 0101. George W. Bush | 0201. John F. Kerry | 0301. Ralph Nader | 0500. Other leader --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B3027 >>> QUESTIONNAIRE USED - LONG OR SHORT --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Identifies which version, long or short, of the Question 18 (Q18) series was administered. .................................................................. 1. ADMINISTERED LONG VERSION OF Q18 SERIES 2. ADMINISTERED SHORT VERSION OF Q18 SERIES | NOTES: B3027 | | The LONG version of Q18 is appropriate for use in systems where | AT LEAST ONE party bloc (or electoral alliance) is formed. This | version of the party identification question prompts respondents | who identify with a party bloc to specify which party within the | party bloc or alliance they identify with most. | | The SHORT version of Q18 is used by polities where NO party | blocs (or electoral alliances) formed. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NORWAY (2001): B3027 | | Party closeness question (Q18A) did not follow the standard CSES | format. The implemented question run: "Many people think of | themselves as adherents of a particular party, while others feel | no affiliation with any party. Would you say that you in general | think of yourself as a Conservative, a Laborite a SV supporter | etc., or don't you consider yourself affiliated with any | particular party?" This is coded as "2. SHORT VERSION OF Q18". --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B3028 >>> ARE YOU CLOSE TO ANY POLITICAL PARTY --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Q18. Do you usually think of yourself as close to any particular political party? .................................................................. 1. YES 2. NO 7. REFUSED 8. DON'T KNOW 9. MISSING | NOTES: B3028 | | The Q18 series (includes variables B3028-B3036) utilized skip | patterns whereby respondents were asked different questions | based on how they initially answered B3028. There are many skip | pattern inconsistencies. Additionally, this series of questions | was administered in different ways, across election studies. | Therefore, unless there were obvious coding errors, the data | remain unchanged. | | See also notes for variables B3029_1-B3036. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ALBANIA (2005): B3028 | | Respondents that respond 'No' to B3028 are not asked the follow- | up variables B3029_1-B3029_3. However, due to some inconsistency | in the application of this question, there are two respondents | who responded 'No' in B3028 but also mentioned a party in the | B3029 series. The data remain unchanged. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - AUSTRALIA (2004): B3028 | | This variable is reconstructed from party identification | question: "B.1. Generally speaking, do you usually think of | yourself as Liberal, Labor, National or what?" | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CANADA (2004): B3028 | | It was not possible to differentiate between "Don't know", | "Refused", and "Missing" responses on the basis of the original | CES variable. Hence only the code "9. Missing" is included. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CZECH REPUBLIC (2002): B3028-B3036 | | Party identification series of questions (B3028-B3026) was | asked in a non-standard way in the Czech survey. First | question B3028 was not used strictly as a filter for asking | the subsequent set of questions. Hence, there is a number of | skip-pattern inconsistencies (e/.g., there are some respondents | who did not select any party in party identification items, yet | were asked how close they feel to the selected party (question | B3036)). Some of the inconsistencies remain unchanged. Next, | respondents who chose more than one party were not asked to | select a single most preferred party (question B3033). Finally, | the three separate party identification variables (B3029_1, | B3033, and B3035) were submitted as a single variable. In | order to conform with the CSES standards, the CSES variable | B3035 includes only those respondents who did not answer "YES" | to B3028. CSES variable B3029_1 includes only those respondents | who answered "YES" to B3028. CSES variable B3033 was coded | "97. MISSING" since the questionnaire did not contain the | corresponding question. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - DENMARK (2001): B3028 | | The formulation of response options differs from the CSES | standard. | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Categories: | 01. Yes, feel like a follower to one political party | 02. No, not a follower to any party | 07. In doubt | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GERMANY (2002 Mail-Back): B3028 | | In this mail-back survey, inconsistencies in the Q18 series of | questions (B3028 - B3036) indicate that a substantial number of | respondents did not follow the skip patterns for this set of | questions. Specifically, many respondents answered both "yes" | and "no, don't know, or refused" sets of follow-ups; therefore, | in these cases responses exist in both sets, even though only | one set of follow-up items should have been answered. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NETHERLANDS (2002): B3028 | | Question text: "Many people think of themselves as adherents | to a particular political party, but there are also people | who do not think of themselves as an adherent to a political | party. Do you think of yourself as an adherent or not as an | adherent to a political party?" | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NEW ZEALAND (2002): B3028-B3029 | | Data for this and B3029 were collected using a single item: | | "Generally speaking, do you usually think of yourself as | National, Labour, Act, Greens, New Zealand First, or some | other, or don't you think of yourself in this way?" | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NORWAY (2001): B3028 | | This item was not asked in the Norwegian Election Study; rather, | it is reconstructed from the following question (which was Q18a | in the original questionnaire): | "Many people think of themselves as adherents to | a particular party, while others feel no affiliation with any | party. Would you say that you in general think of yourself as a | Conservative, a Laborite, a SV supporter, etc., or don't you | consider yourself affiliated with any particular party?" If a | respondent identified a party, the case is coded "1. Yes" to | this item. If respondents reported "No such ties," they are | coded "2. No". | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PERU (2006): B3028 | | Among the political organizations available to respondents | in the party attachment battery (B3028 thru B3036) in | the Peruvian survey, there are both political parties and | political coalitions. However, the collaborator treated all | entities as political parties, and accordingly, applied the | short version of the party attachment battery. The reason for | this is due to the high level of political volatility of | political organizations in Peru. According to the collaborator: | "One of the main problems in Peruvian politics, is the high | level of party and electoral volatility. In fact, electoral | coalitions are defined not necessarily by the parties but by | the leaders and candidates. It is very difficult for common | citizens to distinguish particular members of an electoral | coalition. That's why we decided not to apply the follow up | questions". Accordingly, all mentions of political | organizations are treated as mentions of political parties. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWEDEN (2002): B3028 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 8. Volunteered: don't know/refused | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - TAIWAN (2004): B3028 | | The question wording for this item is slightly different than | the CSES formulation. The question wording is as follows: "P01. | Among the main political parties in our country, including the | KMT, DPP, PFP, NP, and TSU, do you think of yourself as leaning | toward any particular party?" --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B3029_1 >>> PARTY CLOSEST TO - 1ST MENTION B3029_2 >>> PARTY CLOSEST TO - 2ND MENTION B3029_3 >>> PARTY CLOSEST TO - 3RD MENTION --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Q18A1-3. [IF YES AT Q18] What party is that? .................................................................. 01-90. [SEE APPENDIX I FOR PARTY AND LEADER CODES] 97. REFUSED 98. DON'T KNOW 99. MISSING | NOTES: B3029_1-B3029_3 | | See also notes for variables B3028 and B3030. | | Up to three mentioned were allowed, unless noted. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - AUSTRALIA (2004): B3029-B3030 and | B3032-B3035 | | Respondents were asked to identify one party; multiple mentions | were not allowed. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BELGIUM (2003): B3029 | | Code 2 corresponds to the alliance "SP.A. - SPIRIT". | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CANADA (2004): B3029, B3030, and | B3032-B3035 | | Respondents could express identification with a single party | only. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CANADA (2004): B3029_1 | | Originally, the same variable was submitted both under the | names B3029_1 and B3035. Since this variable listed all | respondents who expressed any party preference (i.e., | regardless of whether they answered "Yes" or "No" to B3028), | the variable was separated in B3029_1, which included only | those who answered "Yes" to B3028. Party preference of those | who answered "No" to B3028 were consequently listed in variable | B3035. Variable B3034 is compatible with this transformation. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CZECH REPUBLIC (2002): B3029 | | See election study note for B3028. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - DENMARK (2001): B3029 | | Respondents were asked to identify one party; multiple mentions | were not allowed. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - FRANCE (2002): B3029 | | These data were coded as "mentioned/not mentioned". As a result, | the respondents' rank ordering of the parties could not be | determined. Parties are reported in order of their shares of the | vote returns. | | There are two respondents who identified more than three | parties: | | B1009 Codes of Parties Mentioned | 5440 13, 9, 14, 11 | 17400 13, 9, 14, 15 | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GERMANY (2002 Mail-Back): B3029-B3030 | and B3032 | | Respondents were asked to identify one party; multiple mentions | were not allowed. | | In this mail-back survey, inconsistencies in the Q18 series of | questions (B3028 - B3036) indicate that a substantial number of | respondents did not follow the skip patterns for this set of | questions. Specifically, many respondents answered both "yes" | and "no, don't know, or refused" sets of follow-ups; therefore, | in these cases responses exist in both sets, even though only | one set of follow-up items should have been answered. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - JAPAN (2004): B3029 | | The respondents were able to express multiple party preferences | which were coded as "mentioned/not mentioned". Then, they were | asked which party they feel closest to. Variable B3029_1 reports | answers to the later question (original question Q35-SQ2). | Since the respondents' further rank ordering of the parties | could not be determined, variables B3029_2 and B3029_3 report | party choices in order of parties' shares of the vote returns. | | One respondent mentioned 4 parties. | | B1009 Codes of Parties Mentioned | 0000800145 1, 2, 3, and 5. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - KYRGYZSTAN (2005): B3029, B3030, and | B3032-B3035 | | Respondents could express identification with a single party | only. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NEW ZEALAND (2002): B3029-B3030 | and B3032 | | Respondents identified at most one party. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NORWAY (2001): B3029-B3030 and B3032 | | Respondents were asked to identify one party; multiple mentions | were not allowed. | | This question was asked in a different way from the CSES item. | "The original questions 18a to 18c (feeling close to a party) | were not included in the Norwegian study. "To continue the | time series dating back to 1965, we decided to use the two | traditional party identification questions." | | "18a) [B3029] Many people think of themselves as adherents of | a particular party, while others feel no affiliation with any | party. Would you say that you in general think of yourself as | a Conservative, a Laborite a SV supporter etc., or don't you | consider yourself affiliated with any particular party?". The | answers are given with reference to parties. | | "18b) Do you consider yourself to be a strongly convinced | supporter, or are you not a particularly convinced supporter | of this party?" | | If a respondent identified a party, that party is identified | here. All other cases ("no", "don't know", "refused", and | "missing" are coded "97. Missing"). | | Note: This item was asked in the pre-election portion of | the survey. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PHILIPPINES (2004): B3024-B3035 | | See election study note for B3024. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - POLAND (2001): B3029 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 98. Don't Know, No party mentioned | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ROMANIA (2004): B3024, B3029, B3033, | B3035 | | See election study note for B3024. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - RUSSIA (2004): B3029-B3030, B3033 | | In the Russian Survey, when the respondents reply more than a | single party as their closest parties in B3029, only their | first choice were reported separately. Therefore, it is not | possible to rank their choices as to the second or third among | their preferences. As a result, B3029_2 and B3029_3 are coded as | missing. B3033 reports the parties that the respondents answered | as their closest parties, though not chosen as their first | choices. B3030 is coded either "0. No party mentioned" or "3. | Only one party mentioned", although code 3 in B3030 includes | the respondents replying more than a single party. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWEDEN (2002): B3029 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 98. Volunteered: don't know/refused | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - TAIWAN (2004): B3029 | | Respondents could express identification with a single party | only. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - TAIWAN (2001): B3029_1 | | Due to a skip pattern inconsistency, all respondents were | asked Q18D (B3035). Because respondents who answered "yes" | to Q18 (B3028) should not have been asked Q18D, these cases | have been recoded into B3029_1. Therefore, if respondents | answered "yes" to Q18, their responses are identified in | Q18a1 (B3029_1). --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B3030 >>> NUMBER OF PARTIES MENTIONED IN B3029 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Check Point: Number of parties (or blocs) mentioned in Q18A1 to Q18A3. .................................................................. 0. NO PARTIES MENTIONED 1. ONLY ONE BLOC MENTIONED 3. ONLY ONE PARTY MENTIONED 5. MORE THAN ONE PARTY MENTIONED 9. MISSING | NOTES: B3030 | | See also notes for variables B3028-B3036. | | The missing value code 9 is assigned only in cases where it is | certain that a respondent did not get any of the applicable | party identification questions. That is, B3030 is coded | "Missing" only if all of the following variables is coded | "Missing": B3028, B3029_1, B3029_2, and B3029_3. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CANADA (2004): B3029, B3030, and | B3032-B3035 | | Respondents could express identification with a single party | only. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CANADA (2004): B3030 | | Respondents could express identification with a single party | only. Note that due to the transformation of the deposited | variable B3029_1 described in the corresponding election study | note, this variable counts only those who selected a party and | answered "Yes" in B3028. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GERMANY (2002 Mail-Back): B3029-B3030 | and B3032 | | See election study note for B3029 | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - KYRGYZSTAN (2005): B3029-B3030, and | B3032-B3035 | | Respondents could express identification with a single party | only. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NEW ZEALAND (2002): B3029-B3030 | and B3032 | | Respondents were asked to identify one party; multiple mentions | were not allowed. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NORWAY (2001): B3029-B3030 and B3032 | | Respondents were asked to identify one party; multiple mentions | were not allowed. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - RUSSIA (2004): B3029-B3030, B3033 | | See election study note for B3029 | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - TAIWAN (2001): B3029-B3030 and B3032 | | See election study note for B3029_1. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - TAIWAN (2004): B3030 | | Respondents could express identification with a single party | only. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B3031_1 >>> WHICH PARTY WITHIN BLOC IS R CLOSEST TO - 1ST MENTION B3031_2 >>> WHICH PARTY WITHIN BLOC IS R CLOSEST TO - 2ND MENTION B3031_3 >>> WHICH PARTY WITHIN BLOC IS R CLOSEST TO - 3RD MENTION --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Q18A1.1-3. [IF PARTY BLOC IDENTIFIED IN Q18A1-3.] Which party in [NAME OF BLOC] do you feel closest to? .................................................................. 01-89. [SEE APPENDIX I FOR PARTY AND LEADER CODES] 97. REFUSED 98. DON'T KNOW 99. MISSING 00. NOT APPLICABLE: SHORT VERSION OF THE Q18 SERIES USED (B3031_1 -B3031_3 NOT ASKED) | NOTES: B3031_1-B3031_3 | | See also notes for variables B3028 and B3030. | | Response categories range from 01 to 89. Refer to Appendix I, | Parties and Leaders, for code value labels. If no SECOND OR | THIRD PARTY BLOC was mentioned, cases were coded "99. Missing". | Election studies using the SHORT VERSION of Q18 have been coded | "00. Not Applicable". | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PHILIPPINES (2004): B3024-B3035 | | See election study note for B3024. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B3032 >>> NUMBER OF PARTIES MENTIONED IN B3029, B3031 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Check Point: Number of parties mentioned in Q18. .................................................................. 1. NO PARTY MENTIONED OR ONLY PARTY BLOC MENTIONED 3. ONLY ONE PARTY MENTIONED 5. MORE THAN ONE PARTY MENTIONED 9. MISSING | NOTES: B3032 | | See also notes for variable B3028. | | The missing value code 9 is assigned only in cases where it is | certain that a respondent did not get any of the applicable | party identification questions. To accommodate for the | occasional inconsistent application of the Q18 series, responses | from the B3031 series are included, even if the previous party | identifications items were coded missing. In sum, B3032 is coded | "Missing" only if B3030 is coded missing and all variables in | the B3031 series are also coded missing. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CANADA (2004): B3029, B3030, | B3032-B3035 | | Respondents could express identification with a single party | only. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GERMANY (2002 Mail-Back): B3029-B3030 | and B3032 | | See election study note for B3029. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - KYRGYZSTAN (2005): B3029, B3030, and | B3032-B3035 | | Respondents could express identification with a single party | only. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NORWAY (2001): B3029-B3030 and B3032 | | Respondents were asked to identify one party; multiple mentions | were not allowed. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - TAIWAN (2001): B3029-B3030 and B3032 | | Please see Election Study Notes for B3029_1. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - TAIWAN (2004): B3032 | | Respondents could express identification with a single party | only. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B3033 >>> WHICH PARTY DO YOU FEEL CLOSEST TO --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Q18B. [IF MORE THAN ONE PARTY IS IDENTIFIED IN Q18A] Which party do you feel closest to? .................................................................. 01-90. [SEE APPENDIX I FOR PARTY AND LEADER CODES] 97. REFUSED 98. DON'T KNOW 99. MISSING | NOTES: B3033 | | See also notes for variables B3028-B3032. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ALBANIA (2005): B3033 | | Only those respondents who provided more than one party in | the B3029 series are supposed to get this question. However, | due to some inconsistency in the application of this series, | there are five respondents who chose a single or no party in | B3029 series who were asked this question. These data remain | unchanged. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BRAZIL (2002): B3033 | | Only those respondents who provided more than one party in | the B3029 series are supposed to get this question. However, | due to some inconsistency in the application of this series, | there are nine respondents who chose a single party in B3029 | series who were asked this question. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CANADA (2004): B3029, B3030, and | B3032-B3035 | | Respondents could express identification with a single party | only. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CZECH REPUBLIC (2002): B3033 | | This question was not asked in the Czech survey. See also note | for B3028. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GERMANY (2002 Mail-Back): B3033 | | Respondents were asked to identify one party; multiple mentions | were not allowed. | | In this mail-back survey, inconsistencies in the Q18 series of | questions (B3028 - B3036) indicate that a substantial number of | respondents did not follow the skip patterns for this set of | questions. Specifically, many respondents answered both "yes" | and "no, don't know, or refused" sets of follow-ups; therefore, | in these cases responses exist in both sets, even though only | one set of follow-up items should be answered. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ISRAEL (2003): B3033 | | Respondents who should have been asked this question were | grouped with respondents who should have been asked only B3034 | (see election study notes for B3034 that follows). To maintain | skip pattern consistency, respondents included in this variable | are those who responded "yes" in B3028, and identified more than | one party in the B3029 series, and who, in a follow-up question, | responded, "yes" to "And still, do you feel closer to one | party" (the question text for B3034). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - JAPAN (2004): B3033 | | This variable reports the most preferred party as recorded | in the original variable Q35-SQ2 (the most preferred party), | but only for those respondents who selected more than one | party. See also note for B3029. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - KYRGYZSTAN (2005): B3029, B3030, and | B3032-B3035 | | Respondents could express identification with a single party | only. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NETHERLANDS (2002): B3033 | | Question text: "Which of these parties do you feel most | attracted to?" | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NEW ZEALAND (2002): B3033 | | Respondents were asked to identify one party; multiple mentions | were not allowed. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NORWAY (2001): B3033 | | Respondents identified at most one party. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PHILIPPINES (2004): B3024-B3035 | | See election study note for B3024. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ROMANIA (2004): B3024, B3029, B3033, | B3035 | | See election study note for B3024. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - RUSSIA (2004): B3029-B3030, B3033 | | See election study note for B3029 | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWEDEN (2002): B3033 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 98. Volunteered: don't know/refused --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B3034 >>> DO YOU FEEL CLOSER TO ONE PARTY --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Q18C. [IF NO, DON'T KNOW, or REFUSED AT Q18 OR NO PARTY IDENTIFIED IN Q18A] Do you feel yourself a little closer to one of the political parties than the others? .................................................................. 1. YES 2. NO 7. REFUSED 8. DON'T KNOW 9. MISSING | NOTES: B3034 | | See also notes for variables B3028-B3033. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ALBANIA (2005): B3034 | | A certain number of cases do not follow the skip patterns for | the Q18 series of questions (B3028-B3036). Specifically, 31 | respondents answered YES to B3028 and were still asked B3034. | These data remain unchanged. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BELGIUM (2003): B3034 | | Due to the way the particular format of the Q18 series of | questions (B3028 - B3036) was applied in Belgium, respondents | who answered "no, don't know, or refused" to Q18 (b3028) were | not subsequently asked for their party identification (items | B3034 and B3035). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BRAZIL (2002): B3034 | | Only those respondents who do not answer "YES" to B3028 are | supposed to get this question. However, due to some | inconsistency in the application of this series, there are 25 | respondents who answered "YES" to B3028 who were asked this | question. These data remain unchanged. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CANADA (2004): B3029, B3030, and | B3032-B3035 | | Respondents could express identification with a single party | only. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CANADA (2004): B3034 | | A certain number of cases do not follow the skip patterns for | the Q18 series of questions (B3028 - B3036). Specifically, 149 | respondents answered "Yes" to B3028 and were still asked B3034. | These data remain unchanged. See also note for B3029_1 | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CZECH REPUBLIC (2002): B3034 | | Respondents coded "Missing" in B3028 were not asked this | follow-up question. See also note for B3028. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - DENMARK (2001): B3034 | | This variable is reconstructed from the original party choice | variable (q18cq18d). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - FINLAND (2003): B3034 | | Only those respondents who do not answer "YES" to B3028 are | supposed to get this question. However, due to some | inconsistency in the application of this series, there are 25 | respondents who answered "YES" to B3028 and still got this | question. These data remain unchanged. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GERMANY (2002 Mail-Back):B3034 | | In this mail-back survey, inconsistencies in the Q18 series of | questions (B3028 - B3036) indicate that a substantial number of | respondents did not follow the skip patterns for this set of | questions. Specifically, many respondents answered both "yes" | and "no, don't know, or refused" sets of follow-ups; therefore, | in these cases responses exist in both sets, even though only | one set of follow-up items should be answered. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ISRAEL (2003): B3034 | | Respondents who responded "no" or "don't know/refused" in B3028 | or did not identify a party in B3029_1 should have been asked | this question. Because of skip pattern inconsistencies, | respondents in the Israeli dataset who identified more than one | party in the B3029 series or who answered "no" or "don't know" | in B3028, or did not identify a party in B3029_1 were asked this | question. To maintain consistency, respondents who identified | more than one party in the B3029 series were excluded from this | particular variable. Therefore, only respondents who responded | "no" or "don't know" in B3028 or did not identify a party in | B3029_1 are included here. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - KYRGYZSTAN (2005): B3029, B3030, and | B3032-B3035 | | Respondents could express identification with a single party | only. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NETHERLANDS (2002): B3034 | | Question text: "Is there a party to which you feel more | attracted than to other parties?" | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NEW ZEALAND (2002): B3034 | | Due to the way the particular format of the Q18 series of | questions (B3028 - B3036) was applied in New Zealand (see | election study note for B3028), a substantial number of | respondents did not follow the skip patterns for this set of | questions. Specifically, many respondents answered both "yes" | and "no, don't know, or refused" sets of follow-up questions. | These data remain unchanged. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PERU (2006): B3034 | | Only those respondents who do not answer "YES" to B3028 are | supposed to get this question. However, due to some | inconsistency in the application of this series, there are 3 | respondents who answered "YES" to B3028 and still got this | question. These data remain unchanged. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PHILIPPINES (2004): B3034 | | Only those respondents who do not answer "Yes" to B3028 are | supposed to get this question. However, due to some | inconsistency in the application of this series, there are 21 | respondents who answered "Yes" to B3028 who were asked this | question. These data remain unchanged. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PORTUGAL (2002): B3034 | | A certain number of cases do not follow the skip patterns for | the Q18 series of questions (B3028-B3036). Specifically, 63 | respondents answered YES to B3028 and were still asked B3034. | These data remain unchanged. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SLOVENIA (2004): B3034 | | We changed the response of one respondent (B1009=0000000576) | from "9. Missing" to "1. Yes" given that his response pattern | indicated a potential coding error. This decision was confirmed | by the collaborator. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWEDEN (2002): B3034 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 8. Volunteered: don't know/refused --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B3035 >>> WHICH PARTY DO YOU FEEL CLOSER TO --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Q18D. [IF YES AT Q18C.] Which party is that? .................................................................. 01-89. [SEE APPENDIX I FOR PARTY AND LEADER CODES] 97. REFUSED 98. DON'T KNOW 99. MISSING | NOTES: B3035 | | See also notes for variables B3028-B3034. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ALBANIA (2005): B3035 | | A certain number of cases do not follow the skip patterns for | the Q18 series of questions (B3028-B3036). Specifically, 31 | respondents answered YES to B3028 and were still asked B3034. | These data remain unchanged. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CANADA (2004): B3029, B3030, and | B3032-B3035 | | Respondents could express identification with a single party | only. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CANADA (2004): B3035 | | A certain number of cases do not follow the skip patterns | for the Q18 series of questions (B3028 - B3036). As a result, | there are 10 cases with answer "No" to B3034 but with party | preference recorded in B3035. These data remain unchanged. | See also notes for B3029_1 and B3034. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CZECH REPUBLIC (2002): B3035 | | See election study note for B3028. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GERMANY (2002 Mail-Back): B3035 | | In this mail-back survey, inconsistencies in the Q18 series of | questions (B3028 - B3036) indicate that a substantial number of | respondents did not follow the skip patterns for this set of | questions. Specifically, many respondents answered both "yes" | and "no, don't know, or refused" sets of follow-ups; therefore, | in these cases responses exist in both sets, even though only | one set of follow-up items should be answered. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ISRAEL (2003): B3035 | | Skip pattern inconsistencies from B3033 and B3034 affected who | was asked B3035 (see previous election study notes). To maintain | consistency, only respondents who responded "no" or "don't know" | in B3028 or did not identify a party in B3029_1 AND responded | "yes" in B3034 were asked this follow-up question. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - KYRGYZSTAN (2005): B3029, B3030, and | B3032-B3035 | | Respondents could express identification with a single party | only. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PHILIPPINES (2004): B3024-B3035 | | See election study note for B3024. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ROMANIA (2004): B3024, B3029, B3033, | B3035 | | See election study note for B3024. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWEDEN (2002): B3035 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 98. Volunteered: don't know/refused | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - TAIWAN (2001): B3035 | | Due to a skip pattern inconsistency, all respondents were asked | B3035. Because respondents who answered "yes" to B3028 should | not have been asked B3035, these cases have been moved to | B3029_1. Therefore, if respondents answered "yes" to B3028, | their responses are identified in B3029_1. See also Notes for | B3029_1. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B3036 >>> DEGREE OF CLOSENESS TO THIS PARTY --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Q18E. [IF PARTY IDENTIFIED IN Q18A, 18B, OR Q18D] Do you feel very close to this [party/party bloc], somewhat close, or not very close? .................................................................. 1. VERY CLOSE 2. SOMEWHAT CLOSE 3. NOT VERY CLOSE 7. REFUSED 8. DON'T KNOW 9. MISSING | NOTES: B3036 | | See also notes for variable B3028-B3035. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - AUSTRALIA (2004): B3036 | | The corresponding item in the Australian survey asked: "B.2. | Would you call yourself a very strong, fairly strong, or not | very strong supporter of that party?" The response options were | formulated in the following way: | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 01. Very strong supporter | 02. Fairly strong supporter | 03. Not very strong supporter | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BRAZIL (2002): B3036 | | There is a number of respondents who did not choose any single | party in the Q18 series, who were asked the party closeness item | (B3036). These data remain unchanged. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CZECH REPUBLIC (2002): B3036 | | See election study note for B3028. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - DENMARK (2001): B3036 | | The variable contains only two categories: | | Only respondents who answered "Yes" to B3028 were asked this | question. Respondents who identified a party in B3035 (the "no | branch" after B3028) were not asked this question. | | CSES Code Election Study Category/Categories: | 01. Strongly convinced | 03. Not strongly convinced | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GERMANY (2002 Mail-Back): B3036 | | In this mail-back survey, inconsistencies in the Q18 series of | questions (B3028 - B3036) indicate that a substantial number of | respondents did not follow the skip patterns for this set of | questions. Specifically, many respondents answered both "yes" | and "no, don't know, or refused" sets of follow-ups; therefore, | in these cases responses exist in both sets, even though only | one set of follow-up items should be answered. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NETHERLANDS (2002): B3036 | | The corresponding item in the Dutch survey asked: | "Would you call yourself a very convinced adherent to this | party, a convinced adherent or do you consider yourself not to | be a convinced adherent?" | | Only respondents who answered "Yes" to B3028 were asked this | question. | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. Very convinced adherent | 2. Convinced adherent | 3. Not a convinced adherent | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NORWAY (2001): B3036 | | The original question asked "Do you consider yourself to be a | strongly convinced supporter, or are you not a particularly | convinced supporter of this party?" | | Two answer options were offered. | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. Strongly convinced | 2. Not particularly convinced | | This was recoded into CSES codes 1 and 3, respectively, without | the middle point. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PORTUGAL (2002 and 2005): B3036 | | Please note the difference in wording for code 3: | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 3. Just a sympathizer | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWEDEN (2002): B3036 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 8. Volunteered: don't know/refused | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - TAIWAN (2001): B3036 | | In total 1213 respondents selected a party in (in B3028 and | B3035), however, those answering "NO" to B3028 but who still | selected a party in B3035 were not asked B3036. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - TAIWAN (2004): B3036 | | In total, 1137 respondents selected a party in either B3028 | or B3035. But those answering "NO" to B3028 and who still | selected a party in B3035 were not asked B3036. Additionally, | there are 8 respondents that responded to B3036 but did not | respond with a party they felt close to in B3029_1-B3029_3. | We leave these cases as they were sent to the CSES. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B3037_A >>> LIKE-DISLIKE - PARTY A B3037_B >>> LIKE-DISLIKE - PARTY B B3037_C >>> LIKE-DISLIKE - PARTY C B3037_D >>> LIKE-DISLIKE - PARTY D B3037_E >>> LIKE-DISLIKE - PARTY E B3037_F >>> LIKE-DISLIKE - PARTY F B3037_G >>> LIKE-DISLIKE - ADDITIONAL - PARTY G B3037_H >>> LIKE-DISLIKE - ADDITIONAL - PARTY H B3037_I >>> LIKE-DISLIKE - ADDITIONAL - PARTY I --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Q19a-i. I'd like to know what you think about each of our political parties. After I read the name of a political party, please rate it on a scale from 0 to 10, where 0 means you strongly dislike that party and 10 means that you strongly like that party. If I come to a party you haven't heard of or you feel you do not know enough about, just say so. The first party is PARTY A. .................................................................. 00. STRONGLY DISLIKE 01. 02. 03. 04. 05. 06. 07. 08. 09. 10. STRONGLY LIKE 96. HAVEN'T HEARD OF 97. REFUSED 98. DON'T KNOW 99. MISSING | NOTES: B3037 | | Not all questionnaires include response category code 96. | | Refer to Appendix I for the names of political parties. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ALBANIA (2005): B3037 | | Please note that parties are ordered from A to I according to | their total seats share, after both candidate and party list | votes are taken into account (as reported in B5002). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BELGIUM (2003): B3037_A | | This question only asked in the Dutch questionnaire. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BELGIUM (2003): B3037_B | | This question only asked in the Dutch questionnaire. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BELGIUM (2003): B3037_C | | This question only asked in the Dutch questionnaire. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BELGIUM (2003): B3037_D | | This question only asked in the French questionnaire. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BELGIUM (2003): B3037_E | | This question only asked in the Dutch questionnaire. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BELGIUM (2003): B3037_F | | This question only asked in the French questionnaire. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BELGIUM (2003): B3037_G | | This question only asked in the French questionnaire. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BELGIUM (2003): B3037_H | | This question only asked in the Dutch questionnaire. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BELGIUM (2003): B3037_I | | This question only asked in the French questionnaire. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - DENMARK (2001): B3037 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 96. Don't know enough about | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GERMANY (2002): B3037 | | Respondents were asked to place parties on a 1 to 11 | scale. This scale was recoded to fit the CSES format. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - KYRGYZSTAN (2005): B3037 | | Note that in items that code parties from A to F (or I) (e.g., | B3037, B3038, B5011, etc.), Kyrgyz parties are not ordered | according to the election returns, but according to their | popularity as expressed in the CSES party identification item | B3029_1. See also ELECTION SUMMARIES AND GENERAL NOTES - | KYRGYZSTAN (2005) in the introduction to this codebook. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NETHERLANDS (2002): B3037 | | Question text: "There are many political parties in our country. | I would like to know from you again how sympathetic you find | these parties. You can give each party a score between 0 and | 100. The more sympathetic you find a party, the higher score you | give, a score of 50 means that you find a party neither | sympathetic, nor unsympathetic. If you don't know a party, | please feel free to say so." | | The 0-100 scale used in the Netherlands survey was collapsed for | CSES in the following manner: | | CSES Code Election Study Category/Categories: | 00. 0-5 | 01. 6-15 | 02. 16-25 | 03. 26-35 | 04. 36-45 | 05. 46-55 | 06. 56-65 | 07. 66-75 | 08. 76-85 | 09. 86-95 | 10. 96-100. | | The portion of the Netherlands questionnaire which asked | respondents to rate their liking for various parties randomized | the order in which the names of the parties were read. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PORTUGAL (2005): B3037 | | Please note that point 5 on the scale was labeled as, | "Indifference": | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 00. Strongly Dislike | 01. | 02. | 03. | 04. | 05. Indifference | 06. | 07. | 08. | 09. | 10. Strongly Like | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SPAIN (2004): B3037_D | | This variable reports party liking for different regionalist | parties in different regions (as coded in B2027): | | Partido Andalucista - Andalucía, | Chunta Aragonesista - Aragón | Convergencia i Unió (CiU) - Cataluña, | Coalición Canaria - Canarias | Bloque Nacionalista Gallego - Galicia | Partido Nacionalista Vasco (PNV) - el País Vasco | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWEDEN (2002): B3037 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 98. Volunteered: don't know/refused | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - TAIWAN (2004): B3037 | | The question wording for this item varies slightly from the | CSES formulation. The question wording is as follows: "P2A. | Now we'd like to understand your opinions about each of the | political parties. If zero means you dislike a party very much, | and ten means you like that party very much, what number would | you give the PARTY A?" --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B3038_A >>> LEFT-RIGHT - PARTY A B3038_B >>> LEFT-RIGHT - PARTY B B3038_C >>> LEFT-RIGHT - PARTY C B3038_D >>> LEFT-RIGHT - PARTY D B3038_E >>> LEFT-RIGHT - PARTY E B3038_F >>> LEFT-RIGHT - PARTY F B3038_G >>> LEFT-RIGHT - ADDITIONAL - PARTY G B3038_H >>> LEFT-RIGHT - ADDITIONAL - PARTY H B3038_I >>> LEFT-RIGHT - ADDITIONAL - PARTY I --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Q20a. In politics people sometimes talk of left and right. Where would you place Party A on a scale from 0 to 10 where 0 means the left and 10 means the right? Q20b. Using the same scale, where would you place, PARTY B? Q20c. Using the same scale, where would you place, PARTY C? Q20d. Using the same scale, where would you place, PARTY D? Q20e. Using the same scale, where would you place, PARTY E? Q20f. Using the same scale, where would you place, PARTY F? Q20g. Using the same scale, where would you place, PARTY G? Q20h. Using the same scale, where would you place, PARTY H? Q20i. Using the same scale, where would you place, PARTY I? .................................................................. 00. LEFT 01. 02. 03. 04. 05. 06. 07. 08. 09. 10. RIGHT 95. [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 96. HAVEN'T HEARD OF 97. REFUSED 98. DON'T KNOW 99. MISSING | NOTES: B3038 | | Refer to Appendix I for the names of political parties. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ALBANIA (2005): B3038 | | Please note that parties are ordered from A to I according to | their total seats share, after both candidate and party list | votes are taken into account (as reported in B5002). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BRAZIL (2002): B3038 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 95. Don't know what is left and right | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GERMANY (2002): B3038 | | Respondents were asked to place parties on a 1 to 11 scale. | This scale was recoded to fit the CSES format. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - JAPAN (2004): B3038-B3041 | | The Left/Right Placement items were not asked in the Japanese | survey. Instead, the optional Progressive/Conservative Placement | is included in B3040. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - KYRGYZSTAN (2005): B3038 | | Note that in items that code parties from A to F (or I) (e.g., | B3037, B3038, B5011, etc.), Kyrgyz parties are not ordered | according to the election returns, but according to their | popularity as expressed in the CSES party identification item | B3029_1. See also ELECTION SUMMARIES AND GENERAL NOTES - | KYRGYZSTAN (2005) in the introduction to this codebook.. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NETHERLANDS (2002): B3038 | | The original scale used values from 1 to 11. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SPAIN (2004): B3038_D | | This variable reports left-right scores for different | regionalist parties in different regions (as coded in B2027): | | Partido Andalucista - Andalucía, | Chunta Aragonesista - Aragón | Convergencia i Unió (CiU) - Cataluña, | Coalición Canaria - Canarias | Bloque Nacionalista Gallego - Galicia | Partido Nacionalista Vasco (PNV) - el País Vasco | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWEDEN (2002): B3038 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 98. Volunteered: don't know/refused --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B3039_A >>> LEFT-RIGHT - LEADER A B3039_B >>> LEFT-RIGHT - LEADER B B3039_C >>> LEFT-RIGHT - LEADER C B3039_D >>> LEFT-RIGHT - LEADER D B3039_E >>> LEFT-RIGHT - LEADER E B3039_F >>> LEFT-RIGHT - LEADER F B3039_G >>> LEFT-RIGHT - ADDITIONAL - LEADER G B3039_H >>> LEFT-RIGHT - ADDITIONAL - LEADER H B3039_I >>> LEFT-RIGHT - ADDITIONAL - LEADER I --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Q20a. In politics people sometimes talk of left and right. Where would you place LEADER A on a scale from 0 to 10 where 0 means the left and 10 means the right? Q20b. Using the same scale, where would you place, LEADER B? Q20c. Using the same scale, where would you place, LEADER C? Q20d. Using the same scale, where would you place, LEADER D? Q20e. Using the same scale, where would you place, LEADER E? Q20f. Using the same scale, where would you place, LEADER F? Q20g. Using the same scale, where would you place, LEADER G? Q20h. Using the same scale, where would you place, LEADER H? Q20i. Using the same scale, where would you place, LEADER I? .................................................................. 00. LEFT 01. 02. 03. 04. 05. 06. 07. 08. 09. 10. RIGHT 95. [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 96. HAVEN'T HEARD OF 97. REFUSED 98. DON'T KNOW 99. MISSING | NOTES: B3039 | | Refer to Appendix I for the names of political parties. | | In the CSES Module 2 questionnaire, the request for | collaborators to ask respondents for left-right leader ratings | appeared only as a note within the questions for left-right | party ratings: | | "Question to be asked of up to six 'relevant' parties. In | presidential elections, question to be asked also of 'major' | presidential candidates. (Candidates A through F should match | parties A through F where appropriate.)" | | Understandably, many CSES collaborators did not notice this | note and thus either did not ask or did not deposit left-right | ratings for leaders. The result is that left-right ratings for | leaders are only available for the Brazil (2002), France (2002), | and United States (2004) election studies. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BRAZIL (2002): B3039 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 95. Don't know what is left and right | | Users interested in the left-right scores for Ciro Gomes of PPS, | who ranked third in the presidential election, can find the | corresponding variable in the original Brazil dataset. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B3040_A >>> OPTIONAL SCALE - PARTY A B3040_B >>> OPTIONAL SCALE - PARTY B B3040_C >>> OPTIONAL SCALE - PARTY C B3040_D >>> OPTIONAL SCALE - PARTY D B3040_E >>> OPTIONAL SCALE - PARTY E B3040_F >>> OPTIONAL SCALE - PARTY F B3040_G >>> OPTIONAL SCALE - ADDITIONAL - PARTY G B3040_H >>> OPTIONAL SCALE - ADDITIONAL - PARTY H B3040_I >>> OPTIONAL SCALE - ADDITIONAL - PARTY I --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Opt-Q20a. Where would you place PARTY A on this scale? Opt-Q20b. Where would you place PARTY B on this scale? Opt-Q20c. Where would you place PARTY C on this scale? Opt-Q20d. Where would you place PARTY D on this scale? Opt-Q20e. Where would you place PARTY E on this scale? Opt-Q20f. Where would you place PARTY F on this scale? Opt-Q20g. Where would you place PARTY G on this scale? Opt-Q20h. Where would you place PARTY H on this scale? Opt-Q20i. Where would you place PARTY I on this scale? .................................................................. 00. [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 01. 02. 03. 04. 05. 06. 07. 08. 09. 10. [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 96. HAVEN'T HEARD OF 97. REFUSED 98. DON'T KNOW 99. MISSING | NOTES: B3040 | | Variables B3040-B3041 and B3046 have been included for those | elections in which the left-right dimension is not the most | salient dimension of political competition. The following | election study notes document the scales used. | | Expert ratings of the parties on these dimensions are reported | in B5004. | | Parties are identified in Appendix I. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - FRANCE (2002): B3040 | | Question text: "Where would you place the following political | parties on the same scale from 0 to 10, where 0 means that the | European Unification "is already too advanced" and 10 means | "that it is necessary to go even further"? | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - JAPAN (2004): B3040 | | The Left/Right Placement items were not asked in the Japanese | survey. Instead, the optional Progressive/Conservative Placement | is included in B3040. | | Question text: "When referring to politics, the terms | Conservative and Progressive have occasionally been used. | On a scale from 0-10 with 0 being Progressive and 10 being | Conservative, please rate where you think the [party] would | stand?" --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B3041_A >>> OPTIONAL SCALE - LEADER A B3041_B >>> OPTIONAL SCALE - LEADER B B3041_C >>> OPTIONAL SCALE - LEADER C B3041_D >>> OPTIONAL SCALE - LEADER D B3041_E >>> OPTIONAL SCALE - LEADER E B3041_F >>> OPTIONAL SCALE - LEADER F B3041_G >>> OPTIONAL SCALE - ADDITIONAL - LEADER G B3041_H >>> OPTIONAL SCALE - ADDITIONAL - LEADER H B3041_I >>> OPTIONAL SCALE - ADDITIONAL - LEADER I --------------------------------------------------------------------------- OPT-Q20a. Where would you place LEADER A on this scale? OPT-Q20b. Where would you place LEADER B on this scale? OPT-Q20c. Where would you place LEADER C on this scale? OPT-Q20d. Where would you place LEADER D on this scale? OPT-Q20e. Where would you place LEADER E on this scale? OPT-Q20f. Where would you place LEADER F on this scale? OPT-Q20g. Where would you place LEADER G on this scale? OPT-Q20h. Where would you place LEADER H on this scale? OPT-Q20i. Where would you place LEADER I on this scale? .................................................................. 00. [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 01. 02. 03. 04. 05. 06. 07. 08. 09. 10. [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 96. HAVEN'T HEARD OF 97. REFUSED 98. DON'T KNOW 99. MISSING | NOTES: B3041 | | Leaders are identified in Appendix I. | | See also notes for variable B3040. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - AUSTRALIA (2004): B3041 | | Like-dislike of party leaders: eleven-point scale from 0 to 10, | with points defined as follows: | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 00. Strongly dislike | 05. Neutral | 10. Strongly like | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BRAZIL (2002): B3041 | | Like-dislike of party leaders. | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 00. Strongly dislike | 10. Strongly likes | | Users interested in the like-dislike scores for Ciro Gomes of | PPS, who ranked third in the presidential election, can find the | corresponding variable in the original Brazil dataset. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - TAIWAN (2004): B3041 | | Survey respondents were asked to place political leaders on an | 11 point Pro-Independence/Pro-Unification scale. | | Question text: "Sometimes people will talk about the question of | Taiwan independence or the unification with China. Some people | say that Taiwan should declare independence right away. Other | people say that Taiwan and China should unify right away. Other | people have opinions between these two positions. This card | lists eleven positions from independence (zero) to unification | (ten). | | vM1b. What position do you think Chen Shui-bian occupies? | vM1c. What position do you think Lien Chan occupies?" --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B3042_1 >>> POLITICAL PARTICIPATION: CONTACT POLITICIAN OR OFFICIAL B3042_2 >>> POLITICAL PARTICIPATION: PROTEST OR DEMONSTRATION B3042_3 >>> POLITICAL PARTICIPATION: WORK WITH OTHERS WHO SHARE CONCERNS --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Q21. Over the past five years or so, have you done any of the following things to express your views about something the government should or should not be doing? Q21a. contacted a politician or government official either in person, or in writing, or some other way? Q21b. taken part in a protest, march or demonstration? Q21c. worked together with people who shared the same concern? .................................................................. 1. YES 2. NO 7. REFUSED 8. DON'T KNOW 9. MISSING | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NETHERLANDS (2002): B3042 | | These variables is in the Dutch study were part of a bigger | question consisting out of more variables. Question text: "There | are various ways to try to bring something to attention in | politics or to exercise influence on politicians or the | government. Would you indicate for each of the following | possibilities which you have utilized during the past 5 years?" | | B3042_1 "Contacted a politician or civil servant." | B3042_2 "Joined a protest action, protest march or | demonstration." | B3042_3 "Joined a civic action group." | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. Yes | 2. Not mentioned | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NEW ZEALAND (2002): B3042 | | Question text: "There are various forms of political action | that people take to express their views about something the | government should or should not be doing. For each one, have | you actually done it during the last five years, or more than | five years ago, might you do it, or would you never?" | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. During the last five years | 2. More than five years ago | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWEDEN (2002): B3042 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 8. Volunteered: don't know/refused --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B3043 >>> RESPECT FOR INDIVIDUAL FREEDOM AND HUMAN RIGHTS --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Q22. How much respect is there for individual freedom and human rights nowadays in (country)? Do you feel there is a lot of respect for individual freedom, some respect, not much respect, or no respect at all? .................................................................. 1. A LOT OF RESPECT FOR INDIVIDUAL FREEDOM 2. SOME RESPECT 3. NOT MUCH RESPECT 4. NO RESPECT AT ALL 7. REFUSED 8. DON'T KNOW 9. REFUSED | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - KYRGYZSTAN (2005): B3043 | | The original item used three response categories. | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. 1. Very well | 2. 2. Well | 4. 3. Bad | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - TAIWAN (2004): B3043 | | The question wording for this item varies slightly from the CSES | formulation. The question wording is as follows: "F6. Currently | in Taiwan, how much do you think that individual liberties and | human rights are respected? Are they very well respected, | somewhat respected, not very respected, or not respected at | all?" | | Please also note the additional code "It depends" which | was recoded as "Don't Know" (18 cases). | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. Very well respected | 2. Somewhat respected | 3. Not very respected | 4. Not respected at all | 8. It depends --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B3044 >>> HOW WIDESPREAD IS CORRUPTION --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Q23. How widespread do you think corruption such as bribe taking is amongst politicians in [country]: very widespread, quite widespread, not very widespread, it hardly happens at all? .................................................................. 1. VERY WIDESPREAD 2. QUITE WIDESPREAD 3. NOT VERY WIDESPREAD 4. IT HARDLY HAPPENS AT ALL 7. REFUSED 8. DON'T KNOW 9. MISSING | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HUNGARY (2002): B3044 | | This question was asked in a different block than the rest of | the CSES Module. In the original Hungarian questionnaire, the | CSES module was asked as questions 22 to 51, while this | particular item was administered as question 64. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - KYRGYZSTAN (2005): B3044 | | The original item used three response categories. | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 1. All politicians are corrupted | 2. Majority is corrupted | 3. Majority is not corrupted | 4. There is no corruption among politicians | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PORTUGAL (2002 and 2005): B3044 | | Please note the difference in wording for code 4: | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 4. Not widespread | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - TAIWAN (2004): B3044 | | The question wording for this item varies slightly from the CSES | formulation. The question wording is as follows: "F7. How | common do you think corruption, including taking bribes and | seeking kickbacks, is among political figures in Taiwan?" | | The response options vary slightly, as well. Please note the | additional code, "5. It depends." | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 01. Very common | 02. Common | 03. Uncommon | 04. Not respected at all | 05. It depends --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B3045 >>> LEFT-RIGHT - SELF --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Q24. In politics people sometimes talk of left and right. Where would you place yourself on a scale from 0 to 10 where 0 means the left and 10 means the right? .................................................................. 00. LEFT 01. 02. 03. 04. 05. 06. 07. 08. 09. 10. RIGHT 96. [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 97. REFUSED 98. DON'T KNOW 99. MISSING | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BRAZIL (2002): B3045 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 96. Don't know what is left and right | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GERMANY (2002): B3045 | | Respondents were asked to place parties on a 1-11 scale. This | scale was recoded to fit the CSES format. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HUNGARY (2002): B3045 | | This question on left-right self-placement (question number 24 | in the CSES module) was inserted before the battery on the | left-right placement of the parties (question 20 of the CSES | module). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - JAPAN (2004): B3045 | | The Left/Right self-placement item was not asked in the Japanese | survey. Instead, the optional Progressive/Conservative | self-placement is included in B3046. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NETHERLANDS (2002): B3045 | | The original scale used values from 1 to 11. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SOUTH KOREA (2004): B3045 | | The eight cases coded as "99. Missing" were originally coded as | "Haven't heard of". | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWEDEN (2002): B3045 | | CSES Code Election Study Code/Category | 96. Volunteered: haven't heard of | 98. Volunteered: don't know/refused --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B3046 >>> OPTIONAL SCALE - SELF --------------------------------------------------------------------------- OPT-Q24. Where would you place yourself on this scale? .................................................................. 00. [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 01. 02. 03. 04. 05. 06. 07. 08. 09. 10. [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 97. REFUSED 98. DON'T KNOW 99. MISSING | NOTES: B3046 | | See also notes for B3040, B3041. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - FRANCE (2002): B3046 | | Question text: 'Where would you place yourself on the [same] | scale from 0 to 10, where 0 means that the European Unification | "is already too advanced" and 10 means "that it is necessary to | go even further"?' | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - JAPAN (2004): B3046 | | Question text: "Q41. Regarding the government, sometimes the | terms Progressive and Conservative are used. Please rank | yourself on a 0-10 scale with 0 being most progressive and 10 | being most conservative. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - TAIWAN (2004): B3046 | | Survey respondents were asked to place political leaders on an | 11 point Pro-Independence/Pro-Unification scale. | | Question text: "Sometimes people will talk about the question of | Taiwan independence or the unification with China. Some people | say that Taiwan should declare independence right away. Other | people say that Taiwan and China should unify right away. Other | people have opinions between these two positions. This card | lists eleven positions from independence (zero) to unification | (ten). vM1a. Which position do you occupy?" --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B3047_1 >>> POLITICAL INFORMATION ITEM - 1ST B3047_2 >>> POLITICAL INFORMATION ITEM - 2ND B3047_3 >>> POLITICAL INFORMATION ITEM - 3RD --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Q25-Q27. Political information items. .................................................................. 1. CORRECT 2. INCORRECT 8. DON'T KNOW 7. REFUSED 9. MISSING | NOTES: B3047 | | Some studies include a series of political information items, | designed to test respondents' general knowledge. These items are | of varying difficulty and responses are simply reported as | correct or incorrect. The questions used, and their correct | answers, are reported below. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ALBANIA (2005): B3047 | | Question text (B3047_1): "Do you know who was the speaker of the | last Albanian parliament?" [Correct answer: Servet Pellumbi.] | | Question text (B3047_2): "Can the president of the republic be | elected by a simple majority of the parliament, a 3/5 majority | or unanimity?" [Correct answer: 3/5 majority.] | | Question text (B3047_3): "Do you know the percentage of the | votes a party must get in order to enter the parliament?" | [Correct answer: 2.5%.] | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - AUSTRALIA (2004): B3047 | | Question text (B3047_1): "G.26. Prior to the 2004 Federal | election, who was the most recent Australian Labor Party | Prime Minister??" [Correct answer: Paul Keating.] | | Question text (B3047_2): "G.19. Can you say which political | party has the second largest number of seats in the House | of Representatives, following the 2004 Federal election??" | [Correct answer: "The Labor Party."] | | Question text (B3047_3): "G.20. Obviously, a person on a low | income will pay less total money in income tax than someone on | a high income. But do you think that a person on a low income | pays 1. A bigger proportion of their earnings in income tax than | someone on a high income; 2. The same proportion; 3. Or a | smaller proportion of their earnings in income tax?" | [Correct Answer: A smaller proportion.] | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BELGIUM (2003): B3047 | | Question text (B3047_1): "Green is the color of the | Agalev/ECOLO; orange the color for the CD&V/CDH; what color for | the VLD/MR?" [Correct answer: Blue.] | | Question text (B3047_2): "How many years do city counsel members | serve in a term: 4, 5 or 6 years?" [Correct answer: "Six."] | | Question text (B3047_3): "How many representatives are there in | the Chamber or Representatives 150, 175, or 212?" | [Correct Answer: 150.] | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BRAZIL (2002): B3047 | | Note: We do not know the exact wording of the questions. | | Question text (B3047_1): The name of the state governor. | | Question text (B3047_2): The name of the mayor ['prefeito'] | of the capital of the state. | | Question text (B3047_3): The state deputy (congressperson) | who received more votes. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CANADA (2004): B3047 | | Question text (B3047_1): "(e2) Do you happen to recall the name | of the leader of the Federal Conservative Party?" | [Correct answer: Stephen Harper.] | | Question text (B3047_2): "(n6) Do you happen to recall which | party promised to spend 4 billion dollars to reduce waiting | times for surgeries?" | [Correct answer: Liberals/Paul Martin.] | | Question text (B3047_3): "(n7) Which party promised an | inheritance tax on estates over 1 million dollars? | [Correct answer: NDP/Jack Layton.] | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CHILE (2005): B3047 | | Question text (B3047_1): "Q25. Do you know the name of the | President of the Republic in office before president Ricardo | Lagos? | [Correct answer: Eduardo Frei] | | Question text (B3047_2): "Q26. Do you know the name of the | first President of the Republic after the return to democracy | in 1990? | [Correct answer: Patricio Aylwin] | | Question text (B3047_3): "Q27. In which year was the Chilean | constitution approved? | [Correct answer: 1980] | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CZECH REPUBLIC (2002): B3047 | | The text of the political information items was not supplied. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - FINLAND (2003): B3047 | | Question text (B3047_1): "Which political party does Paavo | Lipponen represent?" [Correct answer: Social Democratic Party | of Finland (SDP)] N.B. Paavo Lipponen was Prime Minister when | data were collected. | | Question text (B3047_2): "Wages earned by employees are taxable | income in Finland. We would like to ask you about state taxation. | Let us presume that Virtanen earns 2,000 euros a month and | Herranen 5,000 euros. In your view, which one of the following | statements is closest to the truth? [Correct answer: Income tax | rate is higher for Herranen than for Virtanen.] | | Question text (B3047_3): "Which of the following countries is a | permanent member in the United Nation (UN) Security Council? | [Correct Answer: Russia.] | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - FRANCE (2002): B3047 | | Question text (B3047_1): "Laurent Fabius is a member of the | Socialist Party." (True) | | Question text (B3047_2): "The deputies are elected by | proportional representation." (False) | | Question text (B3047_3): "Michelle Alliot Marie is the president | of RPR." (True) | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GERMANY (2002 Telephone): B3047 | | Question text (B3047_1): Identify the Minister of Foreign | Affairs. | | Question text (B3047_2): How many states are there in Germany? | | Question text (B3047_3): How many member states are there in | the EU? | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GREAT BRITAIN (2005): B3047 | | Question text (B3047_1): Q22.c) The longest time allowed between | general elections is four years [Correct answer: False] | | Question text (B3047_2): Q22.b) Britain's electoral system is | based on proportional representation [Correct answer: False] | | Question text (B3047_2): Q22.a) MPs from different parties are | on parliamentary committees [Correct answer: True] | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HONG KONG (2004): B3047 | | Question text (B3047_1): "The Chief Executive of the HKSAR is | not allowed to have any party affiliation?" [Correct answer: | Yes] | | Question text (B3047_2): "Senior secretaries and bureau | secretaries (Principal Officials) of HKSAR are appointed by the | Chief Executive and their appointments do not require approvals | from the Central People's Government?" | [Correct answer: No] | | Question text (B3047_3): "30 seats were returned by geographical | constituencies in the 2004 LegCo Election?" | [Correct Answer: Yes] | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HUNGARY (2002): B3047 | | Question text (B3047_1): "Please select the ones you are | familiar with and tell me which of these would you like to | see playing an important part in politics in the next years? | [Respondents were presented with a list of prominent | politicians. This item was coded as a "correct" answer if | the respondent rated - positively or negatively - at least | 27 out of the 41 politicians listed on the cards.] | | Question text (B3047_2): "Do you know what percentage of | the list votes a party must get in order to be sure have | some of its candidates sent to the new Parliament?" | [Correct Answer: Five percent] | | Question text (B3047_3): "Do you know who is the presiding | judge of the Constitutional Court?" [Correct Answer: Janos | Nemeth] | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - IRELAND (2002): B3047 | | Question text (B3047_1): "Can you tell me who was the leader of | the Fianna Fail during the most recent general election | campaign?" | | Question text (B3047_2): "The Green party recently elected a | leader for the first time. Could you tell me who it is?" | | Question text (B3047_3): "Who is Ireland's European | Commissioner?" | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ISRAEL (2003): B3047 | | Question text (B3047_1): "To the best of your knowledge, which | party has been strengthened in the last election?" | [Correct answer: Likud and/or Shinui] | | Question text (B3047_2): "To the best of your knowledge, who is | the chairman of the Knesset?" (Correct answer: Avraham Burg] | | Question text (B3047_3): "To the best of your knowledge, what | part of the government budget is for defense?" | [Correct answer: between 10% - 40%] | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ITALY (2006): B3047 | | Question text (B3047_2): "Q26. Do you know who was the | President of the Chamber at the time of the elections?" | [Correct answer: Pierferdinando Casini] | | Question text (B3047_3): "Q27. Do you know who was foreign | minister at the time of the elections?" | [Correct Answer: Gianfranco Fini] | | Question text (B3047_1): "Q25. Do you know aproximately how many | deputies are in the Chamber of Deputies?" | [Correct answer: 630] | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - JAPAN (2004): B3047 | | Question text (B3047_1): "Which of the following is a | requirement to make an amendment to the constitution? | 1. A majority of more than two-thirds of all of the members in | both Houses. | 2. A majority of more than half of all of the members in both | Houses. | 3. A majority of more than two-third of all of the members | present in both Houses. | 4. A majority of more than half of all of the members present | in both Houses." | [Correct answer: 1.] | | Question text (B3047_2): "Which of the following is one of the | requirements to become a Prime Minister in Japan? | 1. Must be in the House of Councilors | 2. Must be part of Congress | 3. Does not necessarily have to be a part of Congress." | [Correct answer: 2.] | | Question text (B3047_3): "Out of the following, which is the | name given for the election system for the House of Councilors? | 1. Multiple seat constituency system. | 2. System of proportional representation as a major part of | the system which is combined with single-seat | constituencies. | 3. System that combines single-seat districts and | proportional-seat representation." | [Correct answer: 3.] | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - KYRGYZSTAN (2005): B3047_1 to 3 | | Question text (B3047_1): "q41. Who is the Ombudsman in | Kyrgyzstan?" [Correct answer: Bakir uulu Tursunbai.] | | Question text (B3047_2): "q39. Who is the head of the | Constitutional court?" [Correct answer: Baekova Ch.] | | Question text (B3047_3): "q40. Who is the head of the Central | Electoral Committee?" [Correct answer: Abdraimov T.] | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - MEXICO (2003): B3047 | | Question text (B3047_1): "Which are the chambers of Mexico's | Congress?" [Correct answer: Deputies and Senators.] | | Question text (B3047_2): "On the whole, How many years does | a Deputy stay on his charge?" [Correct answer: Three years.] | | Question text (B3047_3): "Could you tell me the name of the | governor of your state?" | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NETHERLANDS (2002): B3047 | | Note: B3047 questions were presented in random order. | | Question text (B3047_1): "Here are photographs of a number of | politicians. Could you tell me for each person the name, the | party and the function within the party?" [Correct answer: | Photo 1; Tineke Netelenbos, PvdA, Minister of Transport, Public | Works and Water Management.] | | Question text (B3047_2): "Here are photographs of a number of | politicians. Could you tell me for each person the name, the | party and the function within the party?" [Correct answer: | Photo 4; Jeltje van Nieuwenhoven, PvdA, Chair of Second | Chamber.] | | Question text (B3047_3): "Here are photographs of a number of | politicians. Could you tell me for each person the name, the | party and the function within the party?" [Correct answer: | Photo 2; Boris Ditrich, D66, Member of Second Chamber.] | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NEW ZEALAND (2002): B3047 | | Question text (B3047_1): "Now, here is a quick quiz on New | Zealand government. For each of the following statements, | please say whether it is true or false. If you don't know | the answer, put a tick under 'don't know' and try the next. | Enrolling as a voter in New Zealand is compulsory." | | Question text (B3047_2): "Here are some other statements | about MMP. Do you think they are true, or false? The party | with the most votes is more likely to get the most seats | under MMP than under first past the post." | | Question text (B3047_3): "Only some of the parties in | parliament form a government, made up of a Prime Minister | and Cabinet Ministers. Can you recall which party or | parties formed the government after the 1999 election?" | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NORWAY (2001): B3047_1 to 3 | | Question text (B3047_1): "Who has been president of the | Storting for the last four years?" | | Question text (B3047_2): "Do you happen to know which parties | formed the Bondevik- Government in the years 1997 to 2000?" | | Question text (B3047_3): Do you recall who was minister for | local Government and regional development the year before the | election?" | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PERU (2006): B3047 | | Question text (B3047_1): "Who is the president of Bolivia?" | [Correct answer: Evo Morales.] | | Question text (B3047_2): "In what year was the Political | Constitution of Peru promulgated?" | [Correct answer: "1993"] | | Question text (B3047_3): "What was the name of the | democratically elected president following the military | dictatorship in 1980? | [Correct Answer: Fernando Belaúnde Terry.] | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PHILIPPINES (2004): B3047 | | Question text (B3047_1): "How many years, in your knowledge, | is a congressman's term of office?" [Correct answer: 3 years.] | | Question text (B3047_2): "Who, based on your knowledge, has | the final responsibility to decide if a law is constitutional | or not? Is it the President, the Congress, or the Supreme | Court?" | [Correct answer: Supreme Court.] | | Question text (B3047_3): "Please tell me, based on your | knowledge, the current position in government of Jose De | Venecia?" [Correct answer: Speaker of the House of | Representatives.] | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - POLAND (2001): B3047 | | Question text (B3047_1): Name military alliance Poland currently | is a member of. | | Question text (B3047_2): Who is the chairman of the SLD? | | Question text (B3047_3): Who currently is the president of | Russia? | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PORTUGAL (2002): B3047 | | Question text (B3047_1): The name of the Portuguese Prime | Minister before António Guterres? | | Question text (B3047_2): Number of EU member-states? | Question text (B3047_3): Recollection of any candidate who | contested a seat in the respondent's electoral district in the | 2002 election. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PORTUGAL (2005): B3047 | | Question text (B3047_1): "And do you remember who was the | prime-minister before Durão Barroso?" [Correct answer: | António Guterres.] | | Question text (B3047_2): "Do you remember what party received | the biggest share of the votes in the 2002 legislative | elections?" [Correct answer: PPD-PSD.] | | Question text (B3047_3): "And do you remember how many | countries entered the European Union in the last enlargement?" | [Correct answer: Ten countries.] | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ROMANIA (2004): B3047_1 to 3 | | Question text (B3047_1): "What is the closing time of election | polls in Romania?" [Correct answer: 9 PM.] | | Question text (B3047_2): " Do you happen to remember who is the | governor of the Romanian National Bank?" [Correct answer: Mugur | Isarescu.] | | Question text (B3047_3): "What is the minimal age for a citizen | of Romania in order to be allowed to become a candidate in the | presidential elections?" [Correct answer: 35 years old.] | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - RUSSIA (2004): B3047 | | Question text (B3047_1): "w35x. Which party or bloc received a | majority in the State Duma as a result of the election that | took place in December of last year?" | [Correct answer: United Russia] | | Question text (B3047_2): "w37x. Who is the chairman of the | Central Electoral Commission?" | [Correct answer: Veshnyakov] | | Question text (B3047_3): "w36x. Who is the chairman of the | Constitutional Court?" | [Correct answer: Zorkin] | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SLOVENIA (2004): B3047 | | Note: We do not know the exact wording of the questions. | | Question text (B3047_1): 6.38) Do you know, who is present | minister for finances? [Correct answer: Andrej Bajuk] | | Question text (B3047_2): 6.39) How many states are now members | of the European Union? [Correct answer: 25] | | Question text (B3047_3): 6.40) How many deputies does the | National Assembly of the Republic of Slovenia have? | [Correct answer: 90] | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SOUTH KOREA (2004): B3047 | | Question text (B3047_1): "What do you think how many years the | presidential term of office is? | | Question text (B3047_2): "What do you think how many years the | legislator's term of office is? | | Question text (B3047_3): "Do you know the name of prime | minister?" | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SPAIN (2004): B3047 | | Question text (B3047_1): "First President of Government in our | democracy?" [Correct answer: Adolfo Suárez.] | | Question text (B3047_2): "In what year the Spanish Constitution | was approved?" [Correct answer: 1978.] | | Question text (B3047_3): "Do you know how many countries | comprise the European Union at the present time, before the | new members enter in May?" [correct Answer: 15 countries.] | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWEDEN (2002): B3047 | | Question text (B3047_1): One Euro is today valued to more than | 10 Swedish kronor. [Incorrect] | | Question text (B3047_2): The open unemployment in Sweden is less | than five percent. [Incorrect] | | Question text (B3047_3): Swedish aid to the developing countries | is one percent of the gross national income. | [Incorrect] | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWITZERLAND (2003): B3047 | | Question text (B3047_1): What is the name of this year's federal | president? (head of the state in the year 2003) | | Question text (B3047_2): How many signatures do you need for a | people's initiative at the federal level? | | Question text (B3047_3): How many seats does your canton have | in the national council? (in the lower house) | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - TAIWAN (2001): B3047 | | Question text (B3047_1): "Who is the current Vice President?" | | Question text (B3047_2): "Who is the President of the PRC?" | | Question text (B3047_3): "How many years is a legislators' | term?" | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - TAIWAN (2004): B3047 | | Question text (B3047_1): G02. Who is the current President of | the United States? [Correct answer: George Bush.] | | Question text (B3047_1): G04. Which body has the power to | interpret the Constitution? [Correct answer: The council of | Grand Justices.] | | Question text (B3047_1): G03. How many years is a legislator's | term? [Correct answer: Three years.] | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - UNITED STATES (2004): B3047 | | Question text (B3047_1): "Dick Cheney. What job or political | office does he NOW hold?" [Correct answer: Vice-President of | the U.S.] | | Question text (B3047_2): "Tony Blair. What job or political | office does he NOW hold?" [Correct answer: Prime Minister | of England/Great Britain."] | | Question text (B3047_3): "William Rehnquist. What job or | political office does he NOW hold?" [Correct Answer: | Chief Justice of the Supreme Court.] | | Code 8 In the US survey means: "R makes no attempt to guess" =========================================================================== ))) CSES MODULE 2 DISTRICT-LEVEL VARIABLES =========================================================================== | NOTES: | | (1) All variables in this section pertain to the first segment | of the lower house. In elections in which the lower house was | not elected, no data are reported here. | | (2) Respondents' electoral districts are reported in B2031, | with labels listed in Appendix II. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B4001 >>> NUMBER OF SEATS IN DISTRICT --------------------------------------------------------------------------- This variable reports the number of seats contested in each district of the first segment of the lower house of the legislature. .................................................................. 001-900. NUMBER OF SEATS CONTESTED IN ELECTORAL DISTRICT 999. MISSING | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BRAZIL (2002): B4001 | | District variables in Brazil deal with lower house parliamentary | election. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BULGARIA (2001): B4001-B4005 | | See election study notes for B2031. Missing data codes are | reported in those cases in which more than one electoral | district is included in one electoral district category. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ISRAEL (2003): B4001-B4005 | | In Israel, the entire country functions as a single electoral | district. Hence, figures entered in these variables correspond | to the national election results. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - JAPAN (2004): B4001-B4005 | | All district-level data are taken from Adam Carr's Electoral | Archive: http://psephos.adam-carr.net/index.shtml | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - MEXICO (2003): B4001 | | This variable refers to the 300 single-member plurality | districts. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NETHERLANDS (2002): B4001-B4005 | | In The Netherlands, the entire country functions as a single | electoral district. Hence, figures entered in these variables | correspond to the national election results. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NORWAY (2001): B4001 | | These numbers refer to 157 directly elected seats, without the | eight indirectly allocated seats. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PHILIPPINES (2004): B4001 | | These figures refer to 212 seats elected in single member | districts, without the 24 seats contested in one nationwide | constituency for proportional representation vote. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ROMANIA (2004): B4001 | | These numbers refer to the 314 elected seats for the lower house | of the Romanian Parliament; 18 additional seats are allocated to | the representatives of minorities' organizations that did not | succeed to pass the threshold of 5%. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - RUSSIA (2004): B4001 | | B4001 in Russia deals with districts (single-member plurality) | from the Duma (lower house) election, although the Russia CSES | data reports primarily on the presidential election conducted | in 2004. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - TAIWAN (2001): B4001 | | Please note that B4001 is the sum of district magnitudes | within the region for some urban districts because in the Taiwan | (2001) data, the regional variable (B2027) is used as a proxy | for district code (B2031). | | B4001 when B2031 = 1 (Taipei County), 27 is the summation of | each district magnitude (8, 10 and 9 for the first, second and | third district) in Taipei County. Similarly, B4001 when B2031 | = 63 (Taipei City), 20 represents the sum of districts magnitude | in Taipei City (10 for each), as well B4004 when B2031 = 64 | (Kaohsiung City), 11 indicates the sum of two district | magnitudes in Kaohsiung City (6 and 5 for the first and second | district). | | Refer to the note in B2031 for the reason of coding. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B4002 >>> NUMBER OF CANDIDATES IN DISTRICT --------------------------------------------------------------------------- This variable reports the number of candidates who contested seats in each district. These data are reported for systems in which electors vote for candidates directly as well as for systems in which electors may cast a preference ballot (i.e., where a voter can indicate a candidate from a party list, in addition to casting a ballot for a party list). .................................................................. 0001-9000. NUMBER OF CANDIDATES WHO CONTESTED THE ELECTION IN THIS ELECTORAL DISTRICT 9999. MISSING 0000. NOT APPLICABLE | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BULGARIA (2001): B4001-B4005 | | See election study note for B4001. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CHILE (2005): B4002 | | The specified number of candidates per electoral district | includes independent candidates affiliated with one of the | competing coalitions (Concertacion, Alliance for Chile or | Together we can do more), as well as independent candidates | unaffiliated to any political party or coalition. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GERMANY (2002): B4002 | | These data report the number of candidates competing for | district seats ("first" ballots). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ISRAEL (2003): B4002 | | This variable is coded "0000. Not Applicable", because the | entire country is a single electoral district and voters vote | for party lists, not candidates. The actual vote choice of | voters is represented by party lists. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NETHERLANDS (2002): B4001-B4005 | | See election study note for B4001. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PHILIPPINES (2004): B4002 | | These data are not available; therefore, the variable is coded | "Missing." As reported by the collaborators, "The national | office of the Commission on Elections in the Philippines does | not monitor the number of candidates per district... [A]n | estimated number of candidates per district would be 5 | candidates per district." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - TAIWAN (2001): B4002 | | If B2031 = 1, then B4002 (= 69) is the sum of candidates over | three districts within Taipei County, 23, 19 and 27 for the | first, second and third districts in the county. | | If B2031 = 63, then B4002 (= 69) is the sum of candidates over | two districts within Taipei City, 32 and 37 for the first and | second districts in the city. | | If B2031 = 64, then B4002 (= 36) is the sum of candidates over | two districts within Kaohsiung City, 17 and 19 for the first | and second districts in the city. | | Refer to the note in B2031 for the reason of coding. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - UNITED STATES (2004): B4002 | | For number of candidates, the American study identifies up to | three candidates: Democratic candidate, Republican candidate | and, in a few districts, an independent/third-party candidate, | who was included for districts where it was anticipated that a | third-party or independent candidate might have some genuine | impact (a rare thing for independent/third-party candidates). | It should be noted that this variable does not always include | all candidates on the ballot. Since most independent/third-party | candidates have almost no following, they are rarely considered | except when there are particular indications that individual | candidates might be exceptions. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B4003 >>> NUMBER OF PARTY LISTS IN DISTRICT --------------------------------------------------------------------------- This variable reports the number of parties that presented lists and, thereby, contested seats in the district. These data are reported for those systems in which electors cast ballots for party lists. .................................................................. 001-900. NUMBER OF PARTIES THAT PRESENTED A LIST OF CANDIDATES IN THE ELECTION IN THIS ELECTORAL DISTRICT 999. MISSING 000. NOT APPLICABLE | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BULGARIA (2001): B4001-B4005 | | See election study note for B4001. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ISRAEL (2003): B4001-B4005 | | See election study note for B4001. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ITALY (2006): B4003 | | Among all the electoral districts in Italy there is one that | does not use proportional representation, but instead is a | single member district. This is Valle D'Aosta. In this district | votes are allocated to single candidates, and not party lists | (party lists are used in all other districts). Thus the | specified number of party lists for this district is in fact the | number of competing candidates. See note B5039_1 for more | information about this district. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NETHERLANDS (2002): B4001-B4005 | | See election study note for B4001. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWITZERLAND (2003): B4003 | | In Cantons with one member elected (UR, OW, NW, GL, AR, and AI) | there are no party lists - voters vote for candidates. Hence, | this variable is coded "00. Not applicable". --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B4004_A >>> PERCENT VOTE IN DISTRICT - PARTY A B4004_B >>> PERCENT VOTE IN DISTRICT - PARTY B B4004_C >>> PERCENT VOTE IN DISTRICT - PARTY C B4004_D >>> PERCENT VOTE IN DISTRICT - PARTY D B4004_E >>> PERCENT VOTE IN DISTRICT - PARTY E B4004_F >>> PERCENT VOTE IN DISTRICT - PARTY F --------------------------------------------------------------------------- This variable reports the proportion of votes cast in favor of party [A/B/C/D/E/F] in this district. In majoritarian systems, in which more than one round of elections are held, this variable reports the proportion of the popular vote cast in favor of party [A/B/C/D/E/F] in the FIRST round. .................................................................. 000.00-100.00. PERCENT (0.00% TO 100.00%) OF THE VALID BALLOTS CAST IN THIS DISTRICT THAT WERE CAST IN FAVOR OF PARTY [A/B/C/D/E/F]. 999.00. MISSING | NOTES: B4004 | | Parties are identified in Appendix I. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - AUSTRALIA (2004): B4004 | | "0.00%" of votes cast means that the party did not participate | in the particular district. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BULGARIA (2001): B4001-B4005 | | See election study note for B4001. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CHILE (2005): B4004 | | "0.00%" of votes cast means that the party did not participate | in that particular district. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GERMANY (2002): B4004 | | These data report vote shares for district candidates ("first" | ballots). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ISRAEL (2003): B4001-B4005 | | See election study note for B4001. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - IRELAND (2002): B4004 | | These data report first preference vote shares. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ITALY (2006): B4004_B and B4004_D | | For the 2006 Chamber of Deputies election, the political parties | Democrats of the Left, The Daisy and the MRE ran together as a | confederation of parties named the Ulivo (which was also the | name of the center-left coalition of the 2001 national | elections). Accordingly, the percent of the vote in variable | B4004_B corresponds to the total of the Ulivo confederation, and | not the exclusive percent of Democrats of the Left. Variable | B4004_D, which corresponds to the party The Daisy, is coded with | missing values. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - JAPAN (2004): B4004 | | In cases where more than one candidate from a party participated | in an electoral district, percentages are summed. | | Note: "0.00%" of votes cast means that the party did not | participate in the particular district. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - MEXICO (2003): B4004_B | | This variable reports district returns for party PRI in all | districts where this party participated individually. In | districts where it participated in coalition with PVEM, the | variable values replicate the proportion the two parties | obtained in districts where they participated separately. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - MEXICO (2003): B4004_D | | This variable reports district returns for party PVEM in all | districts where this party participated individually. In | districts where it participated in coalition with PRI, the | variable values replicate the proportion the two parties | obtained in districts where they participated separately. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NETHERLANDS (2002): B4001-B4005 | | See election study note for B4001. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ROMANIA (2004): B4004_A | | This variable reports district returns for National Alliance | coalition, whose senior member is PSD (party A), and junior | member is Party F (PUR). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ROMANIA (2004): B4004_B | | This variable reports district returns for coalition Truth and | Justice Alliance, whose senior member is PNL (party B), and | junior member is Party C (PD). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ROMANIA (2004): B4004_C | | This party (Party C - PD) was a junior member of coalition Truth | and Justice Alliance, with Party B (PNL). Hence, this result is | included with Party B (B4004_B), and this variable is coded | Missing. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ROMANIA (2004): B4004_F | | This party (Party F - PU) was a junior member of coalition | National Alliance, with Party A (PSD). Hence, this result is | included with Party A (B4004_A), and this variable is coded | Missing. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - TAIWAN (2001): B4004_A-B4004_E | | For the districts other than coded as 1, 63 or 64 in B2031 | (Taipei County, Taipei City and Kaohsiung City), B4004 means the | fraction of total votes cast for each party candidate in the | district. For example, if Party A had two candidates run in the | district X and both attained 10% of total votes in the district, | B4004_A for district X is coded as 20, total share of votes for | Party A in the district. | | For the districts coded as 1, 63 and 64 in B2031 (Taipei County, | Taipei City and Kaohsiung City respectively), B4004 indicates | each party's share of vote within the region, not each district. | In other words, B4004 is the weighted average of the vote share | cast to respective parties' candidates in the region. | | Refer to the note in B2031 for the reason of coding. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - TAIWAN (2004): B4004_A-B4004_B | | In the Taiwan 2004 presidential election voters cast one | ballot for their preferred presidential and vice-presidential | candidate simultaneously. Thus, the percentages of variables | B4004_A-B4004_B reflect both components of the ballot: | | B4004_A: Chen and Lu (DPP, and supported by PFP and TAIP) | B4004_B: Lien and Soong (KMT and PFP, respectively | and supported by NP) | | The Taiwan collaborator was unable to provide the primary | electoral districts in which the respondents resided. However, | in Taiwan the residential regions are closely related to primary | electoral districts, except for some urban districts. | Accordingly, the region variable (B2027) is employed as a proxy | for B2031. Note that some regions do not exactly match the | primary electoral districts, but might contain two or three | districts. (For more details, see the election study note at | variable B2031). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - UNITED STATES (2004): B4004_C | | These results correspond to independent or any third party | candidate (i.e., not necessarily the Reform Party). See | also note for B4002. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B4005 >>> TURNOUT IN DISTRICT --------------------------------------------------------------------------- This variable reports official voter turnout in each district. .................................................................. 001.00-100.00. PERCENT OF VOTER TURNOUT BY DISTRICT 999.00. MISSING | NOTES: B4005 | | Please note: official turnout figures are calculated using | different formulas. For instance, the denominator sometimes | includes the total number of the voting age population, while | other times it is the total number of registered voters. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BULGARIA (2001): B4001-B4005 | | See election study note for B4001. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - IRELAND (2002): B4005 | | These data report the ratio of total ballots cast to the | electorate. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ISRAEL (2003): B4001-B4005 | | See election study note for B4001. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NETHERLANDS (2002): B4001-B4005 | | See election study note for B4001. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PHILIPPINES (2004): B4005 | | It was not possible to obtain turnout figure at the level of | single-member districts recorded in B2031. Instead, this | variable reports turnout at the level of Province/City | /Municipality. For example, turnout is not reported for | each of the 5 districts from Pangasinan; instead, turnout for | the entire Pangasinan province is entered for each of the | respective districts. Single-member districts that belong to a | specific province/city are characterized by the same first 4 | digits of the 5-digit electoral district code reported in B2031. | | In addition, for several districts from B2031, turnout figures | are officially reported separately for two components. For | example, for electoral district "31751. Malabon and Navotas" | official turnout is reported for Malabon and Novotas separately. | The figure entered for those cases is based on calculating the | ratio of voters who actually voted and the total number of | voters, i.e., using the official way of calculating turnout in | Philippines, for the two cities/provinces together. The | following tables shows the procedure: | | Total Voted Turnout | Mandaluyong City 178,714 120,528 67.44 | San Juan 75,055 53,575 71.38 | CSES district | 24741. Mandaluyong City and 253,769 174,103 68.61 | San Juan | | Total Voted Turnout | Malabon 168,707 131,439 77.91 | Navotas 115,682 85,495 73.91 | CSES district | 31751. Malabon and Navotas 284,389 216934 76.28 | | | Total Voted Turnout | Las Piñas City 313,218 193,895 61.90 | Muntinlupa City 227,614 165,633 72.77 | CSES district | 33761. Las Piñas City and 540,832 359,528 66.48 | Muntinlupa City | | Total Voted Turnout | Pateros 36,995 25,648 69.33 | Taguig 292,967 181,177 61.84 | CSES district | 39761. Pateros and Taguig 329,962 206,825 62.68 =========================================================================== ))) CSES MODULE 2 MACRO-LEVEL VARIABLES =========================================================================== --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B5001_A >>> PERCENT VOTE - LOWER HOUSE - PARTY A B5001_B >>> PERCENT VOTE - LOWER HOUSE - PARTY B B5001_C >>> PERCENT VOTE - LOWER HOUSE - PARTY C B5001_D >>> PERCENT VOTE - LOWER HOUSE - PARTY D B5001_E >>> PERCENT VOTE - LOWER HOUSE - PARTY E B5001_F >>> PERCENT VOTE - LOWER HOUSE - PARTY F B5001_G >>> PERCENT VOTE - LOWER HOUSE - PARTY G B5001_H >>> PERCENT VOTE - LOWER HOUSE - PARTY H B5001_I >>> PERCENT VOTE - LOWER HOUSE - PARTY I --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Percent of popular vote received by PARTY [A/B/C/D/E/F/G/H/I] in current (lower house) legislative election: .................................................................. 000.00-100.00. PERCENT OF THE POPULAR VOTE THAT PARTY [A/B/C/D/E/F/G/H/I] RECEIVED 996.00. ALLIANCE MEMBER (NO INDIVIDUAL TALLY) 999.00. MISSING | NOTES: B5001-5009 | | Parties are identified in Appendix I. | | If type of election is not the focus of election study, all | cases are coded missing. | | In case of electoral alliances/coalitions, returns of an | alliance are entered for all its members. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ALBANIA (2005): B5001 | | The entries refer to vote results in 100 single-member plurality | districts. Apart from the two major parties (PD and PS), most of | the parties gained seats only through proportional | representation. In particular, PR, PDR, PDK (parties C, F, and | I), together with Liberal Democratic Union, obtained seats | through proportional representation, as members of the Alliance | for Freedom, Justice, and Welfare | | Please note that parties are ordered from A to I according to | their total seats share, after both candidate and party list | votes are taken into account (as reported in B5002). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BULGARIA (2001): B5001_A | | The percentage refers to vote obtained by National Movement | Simeon the Second (NMS II; Nacionalno Dvizenie Simeon Vtori, | NDST). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BULGARIA (2001): B5001_B | | The percentage refers to vote obtained by the United Democratic | Forces (UtdDF; Obedineni demokraticni sili, ODS). Coalition | members: Sajuz na Demokraticnite Sili (SDS), Demokraticeska | Partija (DP), Balgarski Zemedelski Naroden Sajuz-NS (BZNS), | Balgarska Socialna Demokraticeska Partija (BSDP), and | Nacionalno Demokraticeska Partija (NDP). Principal coalition | member: Union of Democratic Forces (UDF) (Sajuz na | Demokraticnite Sili, SDS). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BULGARIA (2001): B5001_C | | The percentage refers to vote obtained by the Coalition for | Bulgaria (CB) (Koalicija za Balgarija (KzB)). This large | coalition was headed by the Bulgarian Socialist Party (BSP) | (Balgarska Socialisticeska Partija). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BULGARIA (2001): B5001_D | | The percentage refers to vote obtained by the Coalition Movement | for Rights and Freedoms (MRF). Coalition members: Movement for | Rights and Freedoms (MRF), Liberal Union, and Eurorama | (Dvizenie za Pravata i Svobodie DPS, Liberalen Sajuz LS, and | Evroroma). Principal member: MRF. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BULGARIA (2001): B5001_E | | The percentage refers to vote obtained by Gergiovden-VMRO | coalition. Coalition members: Dvizenie Gergiovden, and | Vnatresno-Makedonska Revolucionerna Organizacija - VMRO. | Principal member: Georgievdan. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CZECH REPUBLIC (2002): B5001_D | | This entry refers to the election result obtained by the | coalition named "Koalice", consisting of parties D and E | (KDU-CSL and US-DEU). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CZECH REPUBLIC (2002): B5001_E | | This entry refers to the election result obtained by the | coalition named "Koalice", consisting of parties D and E | (KDU-CSL and US-DEU). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GERMANY (2002): B5001 | | These data report the share of list or the "second" votes each | party won nationally. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HUNGARY (2002): B5001 | | These data report the share each party won in the second segment | (territorial lists) in the lower house. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HUNGARY (2002): B5001_B | | This entry refers to FIDESZ-MPP and MDF coalition. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HUNGARY (2002): B5001_F | | This entry refers to FIDESZ-MPP and MDF coalition, where MDF | is the junior coalition partner. If the percentage of vote that | 'belongs' to MDF (PARTY F) would be calculated on the basis of | the proportion of seats allocated to them, the corresponding | figure would be 5.23%. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ITALY (2006): B5001_B and B5001_D | | For the 2006 Chamber of Deputies contest, the political parties | Democrats of the Left, The Daisy and the MRE ran together as a | confederation of parties named the Ulivo (which was also the | name of the center-left coalition of the 2001 national | elections). However, they ran as separate entities for the | Senate election, although they were all members of the | center-left coalition The Union. Accordingly, the percent of the | vote in variable B5001_B corresponds to the total of the Ulivo | confederation, and not the exclusive percent of Democrats of | the Left. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - MEXICO (2003): B5001 | | The entries refer to vote in 300 single-member plurality | districts. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NEW ZEALAND (2002): B5001 | | These data report each party's share of the so-called "party | vote" in the lower house. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PHILIPPINES (2004): B5001-B5020 | | The order of parties from A to F does not strictly follow | the results of the Lower House parliamentary election results. | The reason is that some of the parties participated as junior | partners in coalitions that obtained parliamentary seats. NP | and KAMPI were members of the K-4 coalition, while PMP joined | LDP in creating KNP coalition. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - POLAND (2001): B5001_A | | This entry refers to percentage of vote obtained by SLD-UP | coalition (Parties A and I). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - POLAND (2001): B5001_I | | This entry refers to percentage of vote obtained by SLD-UP | coalition (Parties A and I). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PORTUGAL (2002): B5001_D | | The entry refers to election results of Unitary Democratic | Coalition (CDU) (PCP and PEV coalition). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PORTUGAL (2002): B5001_E | | The entry refers to election results of Left Block (BE) - a | coalition of UDP, PSR, and PXXI. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PORTUGAL (2005): B5001_C | | This corresponds to results obtained by CDU (Coligação | Democrática Unitária)- coalition between PCP and PEV (parties F | and G here). Since the formation of the coalition in 1987, the | parties never participated separated in any election. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ROMANIA (2004): B5001_A | | This entry refers to the election result obtained by | the coalition National Alliance (parties A and F - Social | Democratic Party and Romanian Humanistic Party (PSD and PUR)). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ROMANIA (2004): B5001_B | | This entry refers to the election result obtained by | the coalition Truth and Justice Alliance (Parties B and C - | National Liberal Party and Democratic Party (PNL and PD)). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ROMANIA (2004): B5001_C | | This entry refers to the election result obtained by | the coalition Truth and Justice Alliance (Parties B and C - | National Liberal Party and Democratic Party (PNL and PD)). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ROMANIA (2004): B5001_F | | This entry refers to the election result obtained by | the coalition National Alliance (parties A and F - Social | Democratic Party and Romanian Humanistic Party (PSD and PUR)). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SOUTH KOREA (2004): B5001 | | These election results correspond to the proportional tier of | the Parliament (the second segment). They reflect nationwide | proportion of votes cast for party lists. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SPAIN (2004): B5001_C | | Results for PARTY C (IU) refer to a permanent coalition | Izquierda Unida (United Left). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SPAIN (2004): B5001_F | | This election result corresponds to the votes obtained by | EUSKO ALDERDI JELTZALEA-PARTIDO NACIONALISTA VASCO (EAJ-PNV). --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B5002_A >>> PERCENT SEATS - LOWER HOUSE - PARTY A B5002_B >>> PERCENT SEATS - LOWER HOUSE - PARTY B B5002_C >>> PERCENT SEATS - LOWER HOUSE - PARTY C B5002_D >>> PERCENT SEATS - LOWER HOUSE - PARTY D B5002_E >>> PERCENT SEATS - LOWER HOUSE - PARTY E B5002_F >>> PERCENT SEATS - LOWER HOUSE - PARTY F B5002_G >>> PERCENT SEATS - LOWER HOUSE - PARTY G B5002_H >>> PERCENT SEATS - LOWER HOUSE - PARTY H B5002_I >>> PERCENT SEATS - LOWER HOUSE - PARTY I --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Percent of seats in lower house received by PARTY [A/B/C/D/E/F/G/H/I] in current (lower house) election: .................................................................. 000.00-100.00. PERCENT OF THE SEATS THAT PARTY [A/B/C/D/E/F/G/H/I] RECEIVED 996.00. ALLIANCE MEMBER (NO INDIVIDUAL TALLY) 999.00. MISSING | NOTES: B5002 | | Parties are identified in Appendix I. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ALBANIA (2005): B5002 | | These data report the total number of seats allocated to each | party after the election, resulting from both party list and | candidate votes. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BULGARIA (2001): B5002_A-B5002_E | | Seats are obtained by coalitions listed in B5001_A to B5001_E. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CZECH REPUBLIC (2002): B5002_D | | This variable reports the percentage of seats obtained by the | coalition named "Koalice", consisting of parties D and E | (KDU-CSL and US-DEU). Individually, Party D (KDU-CSL) obtained | 10.5% of seats (21 seats). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CZECH REPUBLIC (2002): B5002_E | | This variable reports the percentage of seats obtained by the | coalition named "Koalice", consisting of parties D and E | (KDU-CSL and US-DEU). Individually, Party E (US-DEU) obtained | 4% of seats (8 seats). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GERMANY (2002): B5002 | | These data report the total number of seats allocated to each | party after the election, resulting from both party list and | candidate votes. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HUNGARY (2002): B5002 | | These data report the total number of seats allocated to each | party after the election, resulting from both party list and | candidate votes. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ITALY (2006): B5002_B and B5002_D | | For the 2006 Chamber of Deputies contest, political parties | Democrats of the Left, The Daisy and the MRE ran together as a | confederation of parties named the Ulivo (which was also the | name of the center-left coalition of the 2001 national | elections). However, they ran as separate entities for the | Senate election, although they were all members of the | center-left coalition The Union. Accordingly, the percent of | seats in variable B5002_B corresponds to the total of the Ulivo | confederation, and not the exclusive percent of Democrats of the | Left. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NEW ZEALAND (2002): B5002 | | These data report the total number of seats allocated to each | party after the election, resulting from both party list and | candidate votes. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PHILIPPINES (2004): B5001-B5020 | | Please see Election Study Note for B5001. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - POLAND (2001): B5002_A and B5002_I | | This entry refers to percentage of seats obtained by the SLD-UP | coalition. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PORTUGAL (2002): B5002_D | | The entry refers to seats obtained by Unitary Democratic | Coalition (CDU) (PCP and PEV coalition). Out of the 12 seats | obtained by the coalition, PCP obtained 10, while PEV obtained | 2 seats. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PORTUGAL (2002): B5002_E | | The entry refers to seats obtained by the Left Block (BE) - a | coalition of UDP, PSR, and PXXI (three seats in total). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PORTUGAL (2005): B5002_C | | This corresponds to results obtained by CDU (Coligação | Democrática Unitária)- coalition between PCP and PEV (parties F | and G here). Out of the 14 seats obtained by the coalition, PCP | obtained 12 (5.22% of the total seat number), while PEV obtained | two seats (.87% of the total). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ROMANIA (2004): B5002 | | The percent of seats for each party is calculated as a ratio | between the number of its deputies and the 314 seats of the | lower house. Thus the 18 additional seats for the minorities' | organizations haven't been taken into account. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ROMANIA (2004): B5002_A and B5002_F | | Parties A and F were member of coalition "National Alliance". | These entries reflect seats share each party received after the | election. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ROMANIA (2004): B5002_B and B5002_C | | Parties B and C were member of coalition "Truth and Justice | Alliance". These entries reflect seats share each party received | after the election. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SPAIN (2004): B5002_C | | Results for PARTY C (IU) refer to a permanent coalition | Izquierda Unida (United Left), consisting of Izquierda Unida | (IU; 2 seats), Iniciativa per Catalunya-Verds-Esquerra Unida i | Alternativa (IC-V/EUiA; 2 seats), and Entesa (1 seat). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SPAIN (2004): B5002_F | | This election result corresponds to the votes obtained by EUSKO | ALDERDI JELTZALEA-PARTIDO NACIONALISTA VASCO (EAJ-PNV). --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B5003_A >>> PERCENT VOTE - UPPER HOUSE - PARTY A B5003_B >>> PERCENT VOTE - UPPER HOUSE - PARTY B B5003_C >>> PERCENT VOTE - UPPER HOUSE - PARTY C B5003_D >>> PERCENT VOTE - UPPER HOUSE - PARTY D B5003_E >>> PERCENT VOTE - UPPER HOUSE - PARTY E B5003_F >>> PERCENT VOTE - UPPER HOUSE - PARTY F B5003_G >>> PERCENT VOTE - UPPER HOUSE - PARTY G B5003_H >>> PERCENT VOTE - UPPER HOUSE - PARTY H B5003_I >>> PERCENT VOTE - UPPER HOUSE - PARTY I --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Percent of popular vote received by PARTY [A/B/C/D/E/F/G/H/I] in current (upper house) legislative election: .................................................................. 000.00-100.00. PERCENT OF THE POPULAR VOTE THAT PARTY [A/B/C/D/E/F/G/H/I] RECEIVED 996.00. ALLIANCE MEMBER (NO INDIVIDUAL TALLY) 999.00. MISSING | NOTES: B5003 | | Parties are identified in Appendix I. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - AUSTRALIA (2004): B5003 | | The 9 October 2004 election was a half senate election whereby | six senators were elected for each state and two for each | Territory. The figures represent the percentage of first | preference votes. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - AUSTRALIA (2004): B5003_A | | This figure reports combined results for LP (Liberal Party of | Australia) and LNP (Liberal-National Party - combined ticket). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BELGIUM (2003): B5003 | | Upper House (senate) election results refer to 40 directly | elected seats, in two constituencies, that is in Dutch and | French electoral colleges. Parties A, B, C, E, and H | participated in the Dutch electoral college. Parties D, F, | G, and I participated in the French electoral college. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BRAZIL (2002): B5003 | | The figures have been calculated on the basis of | http://www.iuperj.br/deb/ing/Cap3/Cap3_tab9.htm | [downloaded March 2, 2005]. Voters had two votes in the | senatorial election, hence the total number of votes for the | calculation of percentages was higher than the total number of | voters. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - JAPAN (2004): B5003 | | The July 11, 2004 elections were held to renew half of the | House of Councilors, the upper house of Parliament. Of the 121 | seats, 73 were filled using a simple majority system in | geographical constituencies, while 48 were determined using a | proportional representation system based on a single | constituency covering the whole country. These figures represent | results for votes in the single nation-wide proportional | district. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PHILIPPINES (2004): B5001-B5020 | | Please see Election Study Note for B5001. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PHILIPPINES (2004): B5003 | | The Philippines Senate (Senado) has 24 members, serving six- | years terms. Concurrently with presidential elections, half | of the Senate (12 members) is renewed each three years, in a | single nation-wide constituency. Senators are elected | according to the simple majority, and each voters can cast | up to 12 votes. Hence, vote percentages and national totals | are not meaningful figures. Candidates from Party A, B, and | C were members of K-4 coalition. One additional Senatorial | seat (8.33% of 12 seats) was won by another K-4 member - party | 13. PRP (People's Reform Party). In total, K-4 won 7 and KNP | coalition won 5 Senatorial seats. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - POLAND (2001): B5003_A-B5003_I | | In the Polish Senate election, voters have more than one vote | (alternatively 2, 3, or 4); thus the number of valid votes is | usually higher than the number of voters; it also differs | across constituencies; moreover, some people tend to use less | votes than they are eligible to (e.g. in constituencies where 4 | senators are elected some voters vote for 4 candidates, some | vote for 3, some only for 2 candidates etc.). Hence, it was not | possible to obtain a 'meaningful percent vote each | party/coalition obtained in the election. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ROMANIA (2004): B5003_A | | This entry refers to the election result obtained by | the coalition National Alliance (parties A and F - Social | Democratic Party and Romanian Humanistic Party (PSD and PUR)). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ROMANIA (2004): B5003_B | | This entry refers to the election result obtained by | the coalition Truth and Justice Alliance (Parties B and C - | National Liberal Party and Democratic Party (PNL and PD)). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ROMANIA (2004): B5003_C | | This entry refers to the election result obtained by | the coalition Truth and Justice Alliance (Parties B and C - | National Liberal Party and Democratic Party (PNL and PD)). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ROMANIA (2004): B5003_F | | This entry refers to the election result obtained by | the coalition National Alliance (parties A and F - Social | Democratic Party and Romanian Humanistic Party (PSD and PUR)). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SPAIN (2004): B5003 | | Voters have up to three votes in the senate election, hence the | vote results are not entered here. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B5004_A >>> PERCENT SEATS - UPPER HOUSE - PARTY A B5004_B >>> PERCENT SEATS - UPPER HOUSE - PARTY B B5004_C >>> PERCENT SEATS - UPPER HOUSE - PARTY C B5004_D >>> PERCENT SEATS - UPPER HOUSE - PARTY D B5004_E >>> PERCENT SEATS - UPPER HOUSE - PARTY E B5004_F >>> PERCENT SEATS - UPPER HOUSE - PARTY F B5004_G >>> PERCENT SEATS - UPPER HOUSE - PARTY G B5004_H >>> PERCENT SEATS - UPPER HOUSE - PARTY H B5004_I >>> PERCENT SEATS - UPPER HOUSE - PARTY I --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Percent of seats in upper house received by PARTY [A/B/C/D/E/F/G/H/I] in current (upper house) election: .................................................................. 000.00-100.00. PERCENT OF THE SEATS THAT PARTY [A/B/C/D/E/F/G/H/I] RECEIVED 996.00. ALLIANCE MEMBER (NO INDIVIDUAL TALLY) 999.00. MISSING | NOTES: B5004 | | Parties are identified in Appendix I. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - AUSTRALIA (2004): B5004 | | The October 9, 2004 election was a half Senate election at which | six senators were elected for each state and two for each | territory. These results show the number of seats each party | won on election day, not the senate party composition. The state | senators elected on October 9, 2004 took their seats on July 1, | 2005. Their terms are due to expire on June 30, 2011. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - AUSTRALIA (2004): B5004_A | | The result for the Liberal party includes one seat won by the | Northern Territory Country Liberal Party. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BELGIUM (2003): B5004 | | Percent of seats on the Upper House (The Senate) refer to 40 | directly elected seats, in two constituencies, that is in Dutch | and French electoral colleges. Parties A, B, C, E, and H | participated in the Dutch electoral college. Parties D, F, G, | and I participated in the French electoral college. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CHILE (2005): B5004 | | The December 11, 2005 election was a partial Senate election | in which twenty senators (out of 38) were elected. These | results show the number of seats each party won on election | day, not the senate party composition. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - JAPAN (2004): B5004 | | The July 11, 2004 elections were held to renew half of the | House of Councilors, the upper house of Parliament. Of | the 121 seats, 73 were filled using a simple majority system | in geographical constituencies, while 48 were determined | using a proportional representation system based on a single | constituency covering the whole country. These figures | represent results for votes in the single nation-wide | proportional district. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PHILIPPINES (2004): B5001-B5020 | | Please see Election Study Note for B5001. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PHILIPPINES (2004): B5004_B | | Candidates from PARTY A, B and C were members of K-4 coalition. | In total, K-4 won 7 Senatorial seats, 4 of which were allotted | to Party A (33.33%), two to Party C (16.67%). Party B ended up | without senatorial seats, hence the code 996. One additional | Senatorial seat (8.33% of 12 seats) was won by another K-4 | member - party 13. PRP (People's Reform Party). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PHILIPPINES (2004): B5004_D | | These seats are won by KNP coalition (Koalisyon ng Nagkakaisan | Pilipino), where the principal member is LDP (Party D in CSES | categorization). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - POLAND (2001): B5004_A and B5004_I | | This entry refers to percentage of seats obtained by SLD-UP | coalition. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - POLAND (2001): B5004_B, B5004_D, | B5004_G, B5004_H | | Fifteen seats in the Senate were won by Komitet Wyborczy | Wyborców - Blok Senat 2001. Coalition members: UW (Party | H), AWSP (Party G), PiS (Party D), and PO (Party B). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ROMANIA (2004): B5004_A and B5004_F | | Parties A and F were members of the coalition "National | Alliance". These entries reflect the seats share each party | received after the election. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ROMANIA (2004): B5004_B and B5004_C | | Parties B and C were members of the coalition "Truth and Justice | Alliance". These entries reflect the seats share each party | received after the election. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SPAIN (2004): B5004 | | The entries refer to 208 Senators directly elected. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B5005_A >>> PERCENT VOTE - PRESIDENT - PARTY A B5005_B >>> PERCENT VOTE - PRESIDENT - PARTY B B5005_C >>> PERCENT VOTE - PRESIDENT - PARTY C B5005_D >>> PERCENT VOTE - PRESIDENT - PARTY D B5005_E >>> PERCENT VOTE - PRESIDENT - PARTY E B5005_F >>> PERCENT VOTE - PRESIDENT - PARTY F B5005_G >>> PERCENT VOTE - PRESIDENT - PARTY G B5005_H >>> PERCENT VOTE - PRESIDENT - PARTY H B5005_I >>> PERCENT VOTE - PRESIDENT - PARTY I --------------------------------------------------------------------------- If multiple rounds, percent of vote received in first round. .................................................................. 000.00-100.00 PERCENT OF THE POPULAR VOTE THAT PARTY [A/B/C/D/E/F/G/H/I] RECEIVED 996.00. ALLIANCE MEMBER (NO INDIVIDUAL TALLY) 999.00. MISSING | NOTES: B5005 | | Parties and candidates are identified in Appendix I. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BRAZIL (2002): B5005_A - B5005_F | | These variables report results of the first round of the | presidential election. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BRAZIL (2002): B5005_A | | Presidential candidate of Party A (PT; Luiz Inácio Lula da | Silva) was endorsed by the following parties as well: | PCB, PL (Party I), PMN, and PC do B. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BRAZIL (2002): B5005_B | | Presidential candidate of PARTY B (José Serra, PSDB) was | supported also by Party D, PMDB. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BRAZIL (2002): B5005_F | | Presidential candidate of Party F (PSB; Anthony Garotinho), was | supported by parties PGT and PTC. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BRAZIL (2002): B5005_G | | Party G (PDT) supported the presidential candidate nominated by | PPS, Ciro Gomes, together with Party H, PTB. This candidate won | 12.0% of the vote in the first round. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BRAZIL (2002): B5005_H | | Party H (PTB) supported the presidential candidate nominated by | PPS, Ciro Gomes, together with Party G, PDT. This candidate won | 12.0% of the vote in the first round. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CHILE (2005): B5005 | | These data report first round vote shares. In the second round, | Michelle Bachellet (candidate of the Concertacion coalition) | obtained 53.50% of the vote, while Sebastian Piñera (National | Renewal -RN) got 46.50% of the votes. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - FRANCE (2002): B5005 | | These data report first round vote shares. These figures report | first round election results. In the second round, Jacques | Chirac obtained 82.21% of the vote, while Jean-Marie Le Pen | received 17.79% of the votes. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - KYRGYZSTAN (2005): B5005 | | These items list election results of the candidates that | participated in the 2005 presidential election. Candidates and | parties listed in this item from A to F do not correspond to | parties in the other items that code parties from A to F (or I) | (e.g., B3037, B3038, B5011). The Kyrgyzstan CSES election study | is focused on the early presidential election of July 10, 2005, | but the candidates basically did not represent parties that | respondents were asked about in the aforementioned items. | | Candidate Party | --------------------------- ----------------------------- | PARTY A Kurmanbek Bakiev Tandem/People's Movement of | Kyrgyzstan | PARTY B Bakir uulu Tursunbai Independent candidate | PARTY C Akbarali Aitikeev Party of "Defence" | PARTY D Zhipar Zheksheev Democratic Movement of | Kyrgyzstan | PARTY E Toktaiim Umetalieva Independent candidate | PARTY F Keneshbek Dushebaev Justice - "Akyitkat" | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PHILIPPINES (2004): B5001-B5020 | | Please see Election Study Note for B5001. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PHILIPPINES (2004): B5005_A | | Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo was supported by K-4 coalition, | where her party LAKAS-CMD is the senior member. Additional | members are LP and NPC (Parties C and B in CSES classification), | KAMPI, NP. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PHILIPPINES (2004): B5005_D | | This percentage of votes was won by Fernando Poe Jr., who was | a candidate put forward by KNP coalition, where the principal | member was LDP. LDP split just before the election on the | issue of who will be the presidential candidate. The minority | fraction supported Panfilo Lacson (obtained 10.88% votes). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ROMANIA (2004): B5005_A | | This entry refers to the election result obtained by | presidential candidate Adrian Nastase, who was supported by the | coalition "National Alliance" (parties A and F - PSD and PUR). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ROMANIA (2004): B5005_B | | This entry refers to the election result obtained by | presidential candidate Traian Basescu, who was supported by the | coalition Truth and Justice Alliance (Parties B and C - PNL and | PD). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ROMANIA (2004): B5005_C | | This entry refers to the election result obtained by | presidential candidate Traian Basescu, who was supported by the | coalition Truth and Justice Alliance (Parties B and C - PNL and | PD). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ROMANIA (2004): B5005_F | | This entry refers to the election result obtained by | presidential candidate Adrian Nastase, who was supported by the | coalition "National Alliance" (parties A and F - PSD and PUR). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - RUSSIA (2004): B5005 | | B5005_A, B5005_D and B5005_E | | Voting for Vladimir Putin is coded as voting for Party A "United | Russia". Similarly, Sergei Glaz'ef is coded as having run from | Party D, "Motherland", Irina Khakamada as from Party E, "Union | of Right Forces", although all of them are not officially | nominated by each party. Glaz'ef and Khakamada were one of the | leaders of each party. | | GLAZYEV was nominated by a nonpartisan voter group because the | Rodina (Motherland) bloc, which GLAZYEV helped found, is | considered as a political movement rather than a party. However, | before the election Rodina voted to drop GLAZYEV's membership | due to mutual disagreements about the party's policies. | | KHAKAMADA ran as an independent candidate because the Union of | Right Forces (SPS) cannot acquire the required two million | signatures needed to confirm her participation in the | presidential polls as a party nominated candidate. | | B5005_B | | KHARITONOV ran with an endorsement from Communist Party (KPRF), | Party B. Therefore, his vote is coded in B5005_B because of KPRF | code. However, he is officially a member of Agrarian Party of | Russia (Agrarnaya Partiya Rossii, APR). | | B5005_I | | Party I, "Rebirth of Russia Party" is coded in B5005_I, because | Sergei Mironov ran with the nomination from "Russian Party of | Life", one of two parties that consisted of the block of | "Rebirth of Russia" in the 2003 Duma election. In the Duma | election, the block of Rebirth of Russia attained 1.9% in the | popular vote. The party is ideologically categorized as a "party | of the power", as "United Russia", because the party is | established and exists to support the government of | President Putin. Therefore, we coded ideological family of the | party as 16, as it is for "United Russia". Because of its minor | status (below 3% of the vote), the party is not reported in | detail in the other questions such as B5018. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - TAIWAN (2004): B5005_A - B5005_I | | The candidates for the 2004 presidential election were grouped | into two large coalitions: the Pan-Green coalition (which | supported incumbent President Chen Shui-bian and Vice-President | Annette Lu) was led by the DPP and also included PFP and the | smaller TAIP. The Pan-Blue coalition (which supported the KMT's | chairman, Lien Chan, and James Soong from the PFP as | vice-president) grouped the Kuomintang (KMT), the People First | Party (PFP), and the smaller New Party (NP). Provided here are | the electoral results for each coalition in the column | corresponding to the biggest party of each coalition, that is, | DPP and KMT, respectively. | | More details about the 2004 contest can be found in the Election | Summary for Taiwan (2004) in the introduction file to this | codebook. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B5006 >>> ELECTORAL TURNOUT --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Percentage of official voter turnout. .................................................................. 000.00-100.00. PERCENT OF VOTER TURNOUT 999.00 MISSING | NOTES: B5006 | | Please note that official turnout figures are calculated using | www.idea.net in general, based on the amount or registered | voters. In cases, where different databases for calculation are | used, an additional codebook remark is included. | Furthermore, given values cover the turnout for the Lower House | elections of the corresponding country, as long as no other | information is provided in the following. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BRAZIL (2002): B5006 | | This variable reports the first round turnout of the | presidential election. Turnout at the second round was 79.53%. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - FINLAND (2003): B5006 | | Turnout value for the elections is taken from the Parline | database (www.ipu.org). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - FRANCE (2002): B5006 | | This variable reports the first round turnout of the | presidential election. Turnout at the second round was 79.71%. | Information is taken from the official Electoral Commission of | France (www.interieur.gouv.fr). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES – HONG KONG (2004): B5006 | | Data are taken from the official Electoral Commission of Hong | Kong (http://www.eac.gov.hk/en/legco/2004_report.htm). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HUNGARY (2002): B5006 | | This variable reports turnout at the first round of elections. | The second-round turnout was 73.51%. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - JAPAN (2004): B5006 | | This variable reports turnout of the Upper House election. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - KYRGYSTAN (2005): B5006 | | This variable reports the first round turnout of the | presidential election. According to the results of the election, | no second round was held. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PHILIPPINES (2004): B5006 | | Official results for the Philippines are somehow critical. | The variable refers to the first round of the presidential | elections published by to www.idea.net. According to the | results of the election no second round was held. | Also see Election Study Note for B5001. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PORTUGAL (2002): B5006 | | Turnout value for the elections is taken from the Parline | database (www.ipu.org). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - RUSSIA (2004): B5006 | | This variable reports the first round turnout of the | presidential election. According to the results of the election, | no second round was held. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - TAIWAN (2004): B5006 | | This variable reports the first round turnout of the | presidential election. According to the results of the election, | no second round was held. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B5007_A >>> NUMBER OF PORTFOLIOS BEFORE - PARTY A B5007_B >>> NUMBER OF PORTFOLIOS BEFORE - PARTY B B5007_C >>> NUMBER OF PORTFOLIOS BEFORE - PARTY C B5007_D >>> NUMBER OF PORTFOLIOS BEFORE - PARTY D B5007_E >>> NUMBER OF PORTFOLIOS BEFORE - PARTY E B5007_F >>> NUMBER OF PORTFOLIOS BEFORE - PARTY F B5007_G >>> NUMBER OF PORTFOLIOS BEFORE - PARTY G B5007_H >>> NUMBER OF PORTFOLIOS BEFORE - PARTY H B5007_I >>> NUMBER OF PORTFOLIOS BEFORE - PARTY I --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QI.1.a-f. Number of portfolios (cabinet posts) held by PARTY [A/B/C/D/E/F/G/H/I] before the election. .................................................................. 00.00-99.00 NUMBER OF PORTFOLIOS BEFORE ELECTION. 997.00 NOT APPLICABLE 998.00 PARTY WAS NOT IN THE PARLIAMENT 999.00 MISSING. | NOTES: B5007 | | Parties are identified in Appendix I. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CHILE (2005): B5007 | | One additional portfolio were held by a Social Democrat Radical | Party member (Party 07), and three more were held by | independents. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GERMANY (2002): B5007 | | One cabinet post belonged to a non-affiliated member. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HONG KONG (2004): B5007 - B5010 | | In the context of Hong Kong, the Executive Council (ExCo) can be | regarded as the cabinet. The ExCo comprises the Official Members | (all the Principal Officials in the government secretariat have | been appointed concurrently the Official Members of the ExCo | since July 2002) and the Non-official Members. The members of | the ExCo are appointed by the Chief Executive of the Hong Kong | Special Administrative Region (HKSAR), while the Principal | Officials are nominated by the Chief Executive and are appointed | by the Central People's Government of China. Figures reported in | B5007 and B5009 refer to non-official members (without | portfolios) of the Executive Council. Official members do not | have party affiliation. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HUNGARY (2002): B5007 | | Party B (Fidesz-MPP) had 12 cabinet members plus the Prime | Minister. Four additional cabinet posts were held by FKgP | members (Party 08.). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ISRAEL (2003): B5007_A | | "Likud - 13 (9 ministers with portfolios, 3 ministers without | portfolios and P.M. Sharon with 4 portfolios)." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ITALY (2006): B5007 | | The specified values refer to the number of cabinet posts and | not portfolios (cabinet posts have no autonomous budgeting). The | distribution of portfolios is: Forward Italy (5), National | Alliance (4), Northern League (2), Union of Christian and Centre | Democrats (1), Independents (1) plus one ad interim position | held by Prime Minister. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PERU (2006): B5007 | | Possible Peru (the party of former President Alejandro Toledo) | held 4 out of 16 portfolios (15 cabinets plus one for the | president of Council of Ministers) before the 2006 presidential | elections took place. All the rest of the Cabinet members were | independents. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PERU (2006): B5007 | | The Aprista party (the party of current President Alan Garcia) | held 6 out of 16 portfolios (15 cabinets plus one for the | president of Council of Ministers) after the 2006 presidential | elections took place. All the rest of the Cabinet members were | independents. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PHILIPPINES (2004): B5001-B5020 | | Please see Election Study Note for B5001. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PHILIPPINES (2004): B5007 | | These data report just two cabinet members from Lakas-NUCD-UMDP | (Party A). One more post was held by a member of PDSP. The | remaining cabinet members were not affiliated with parties. They | are basically from the academe, private sector or career | government officers. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - POLAND (2001): B5007_G | | Before the election, 19 portfolios were held by AWS, and the | remaining 2 by independents nominated by AWS. AWSP (Party G) | "registered as a new party in 2001, is a splinter product of | AWS". | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PORTUGAL (2002): B5007_B | | Socialist Party (PS) held 12 out of 17 portfolio. One of the | 12 was held by an independent candidate who run on PS electoral | list. The remaining 5 portfolios were held by independent | candidates. Prime Minister was also from the Socialist Party | (António Guterres). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - RUSSIA (2004): B5007-B5010 | | Not applicable. Cabinet posts in Russia are not allocated by | party affiliation or membership. Systematic data on party | affiliations of cabinet ministers, if any, are not available. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SLOVENIA (2004): B5007_B | | "Liberal Democracy of Slovenia (LDS) held 9 portfolios until six | months before the election, when SLS was excluded from the | governmental coalition. Its three portfolios were reassigned to | LDS, leaving this party with twelve portfolios." --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B5008 >>> SIZE OF THE CABINET BEFORE --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QI.1a. The size of the cabinet before the election. .................................................................. 00.00-99.00 SIZE OF THE CABINET. 997.00 NOT APPLICABLE 999.00 MISSING. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ALBANIA (2005): B5008 | | One unaccounted portfolio was held by the Human Rights Union | Party. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BELGIUM (2003): B5008 | | The remaining two cabinet posts belong to Agalev (Party 06.) | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BRAZIL (2002): B5008 | | Ten portfolios were held by members of political parties | and three were held by non-members of one political party. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GERMANY (2002): B5008 | | Fourteen ministerial posts, plus the Chancellor (from SPD - | PARTY A). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HONG KONG (2004): B5007 - B5010 | | See election study note for B5007. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HUNGARY (2002): B5008 | | This variable reports the cabinet size without the post of the | prime minister. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ISRAEL (2003): B5008 | | Four unaccounted portfolios were held by Israel Baaliya (2 | posts) and Mafdal (2 posts). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - JAPAN (2004): B5008 | | Two unaccounted portfolios were held by independents. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - MEXICO (2003): B5008 | | "Mexico has a Presidential System in which the portfolios are | designated directly by the president and for the case of General | Attorney with the approval of the senate. The elections held on | July were for federal deputies. The executive power was not | modified." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PORTUGAL (2002): B5008 | | Seventeen ministerial positions, plus the prime minister. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - RUSSIA (2004): B5007-B5010 | | See election study note for B5007. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SLOVENIA (2004): B5008 | | Sixteen ministerial posts (2 without portfolios), plus the | Prime Minister (from SDS - PARTY B) | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SPAIN (2004): B5008 | | Of the 15 ministers in the cabinet, two were vice | presidents of government. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B5009_A >>> NUMBER OF PORTFOLIOS AFTER - PARTY A B5009_B >>> NUMBER OF PORTFOLIOS AFTER - PARTY B B5009_C >>> NUMBER OF PORTFOLIOS AFTER - PARTY C B5009_D >>> NUMBER OF PORTFOLIOS AFTER - PARTY D B5009_E >>> NUMBER OF PORTFOLIOS AFTER - PARTY E B5009_F >>> NUMBER OF PORTFOLIOS AFTER - PARTY F B5009_G >>> NUMBER OF PORTFOLIOS AFTER - PARTY G B5009_H >>> NUMBER OF PORTFOLIOS AFTER - PARTY H B5009_I >>> NUMBER OF PORTFOLIOS AFTER - PARTY I --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QI.2.a-f. Number of portfolios (cabinet posts) held by PARTY [A/B/C/D/E/F/G/H/I] after the election. .................................................................. 00.00-99.00 NUMBER OF PORTFOLIOS AFTER ELECTION. 997.00 NOT APPLICABLE 999.00 MISSING. | NOTES: B5009 | | Parties are identified in Appendix I. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BULGARIA (2001): B5009_C | | Coalition for Bulgaria (KzB headed by the Bulgarian Socialist | Party) initially had 2 posts in the cabinet. One minister | resigned soon after. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CHILE (2005): B5009 | | One additional portfolio was held by a Social Democrat Radical | Party member (Party 07), and three more were held by | independents. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HONG KONG (2004): B5007-B5010 | | See election study note for B5007. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HONG KONG (2004): B5009 | | The Alliance (formed after the 2004 LegCo Election by | reorganizing the Breakfast Group) had one non-official member of | the Executive Council (the Cabinet). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HUNGARY (2002): B5009_A | | Party A (MSZP) had 11 cabinet members plus the prime minister. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ISRAEL (2003): B5009_A | | "Likud - 14 (11 ministers with portfolios and P.M. Sharon | with 3 portfolios)." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ITALY (2006): B5009 | | The specified values refer to the number of cabinet posts and | not portfolios (cabinet posts have no autonomous budgeting). The | distribution of portfolios is: Democrats of the Left (5), | Daisy-Democracy is Freedom (4), Rose in the Fist (1), | Popular-UDEUR (1), Italy of Values (1), Federation of the Greens | (1), Communist Refoundation Party (1) and Independents (4). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - MEXICO (2003): B5009 | | In the Mexican presidential system, the party affiliation of | the cabinet members is not explicit. This variable reports | party affiliation in those cases when a Secretary is a | participating member of the party, either as a former or | expected candidate to some post, if he/she has hold a post | in the directive organization of the party, or if he/she has | made his/her affiliation explicit. Six cabinet members are | Independent. Party affiliation of two cabinet members | (Secretary of Defense and Secretary of the Navy) in unknown. | However, these secretaries traditionally do not have any | political affiliation. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PHILIPPINES (2004): B5001-B5020 | | Please see election study note for B5001. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PHILIPPINES (2004): B5009 | | These data report five cabinet members, from Lakas-NUCD-UMDP (3 | members), LP (1), and NPC (1). One additional post was held by a | member of PDSP. The remaining cabinet members were not | affiliated with parties. They are basically from the academe, | private sector or career government officers. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - POLAND (2001): B5009 | | Additional 4 portfolios held by independent candidates nominated | either by SLD or PSL. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - POLAND (2001): B5009_A | | This entry refers to portfolios obtained by SLD alone. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - POLAND (2001): B5009_I | | This entry refers to portfolios obtained by UP alone. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PORTUGAL (2002): B5009 | | Four remaining cabinet posts were held by independent | candidates. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - RUSSIA (2004): B5007-B5010 | | See election study note for B5007. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B5010 >>> SIZE OF THE CABINET AFTER --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QI.2a. The size of the cabinet after the election. .................................................................. 00.00-99.00 SIZE OF THE CABINET. 997.00 NOT APPLICABLE 999.00 MISSING | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ALBANIA (2005): B5010 | | One unaccounted portfolio was held by the Human Rights Union | Party. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BELGIUM (2003): B5010 | | Of the remaining two cabinet posts, one belongs to SPIRIT, a | coalition partner of SP.A (PARTY B), and another one to FDF | (Party 17.). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BRAZIL (2002): B5010 | | There were 21 portfolios. Fifteen were held by members of | political parties and six were held by the independents. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BULGARIA (2001): B5010 | | Initially 20 posts but one member of the Coalition for Bulgaria | resigned. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GERMANY (2002): B5010 | | Fourteen ministerial posts, plus the Chancellor (from | SPD - Party A). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HONG KONG (2004): B5007 - B5010 | | See election study note for B5007. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HUNGARY (2002): B5010 | | This variable reports the cabinet size without the post of the | prime minister. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ISRAEL (2003): B5010 | | Two unaccounted portfolios held Mafdal. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - JAPAN (2004): B5010 | | One unaccounted portfolio was held by an independent candidate. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - MEXICO (2003): 5010 | | "Mexico has a Presidential System in which the portfolios are | designated directly by the president and for the case of general | attorney with the approval of the senate. The elections held on | July were for federal deputies. The executive power was not | modified." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PORTUGAL (2002): B5010 | | Seventeen ministerial positions, plus the Prime Minister. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - RUSSIA (2004): B5007-B5010 | | See election study note for B5007. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SLOVENIA (2004): B5010 | | Sixteen ministerial posts (1 without portfolio), plus the Prime | Minister (from SDS - PARTY A) | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SPAIN (2004): B5010 | | Out of 16 ministers in the cabinet two were vice presidents of | Government. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B5011_A >>> YEAR FOUNDED - PARTY A B5011_B >>> YEAR FOUNDED - PARTY B B5011_C >>> YEAR FOUNDED - PARTY C B5011_D >>> YEAR FOUNDED - PARTY D B5011_E >>> YEAR FOUNDED - PARTY E B5011_F >>> YEAR FOUNDED - PARTY F B5011_G >>> YEAR FOUNDED - PARTY G B5011_H >>> YEAR FOUNDED - PARTY H B5011_I >>> YEAR FOUNDED - PARTY I --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QI.3.1.a-f. Year party founded: .................................................................. 1000-2005. YEAR FOUNDED 9999. MISSING 0000. NOT APPLICABLE | NOTES: B5011 | | If a party was founded under a different name, and recently | "re-invented" itself or re-surfaced following the collapse | of a communist regime, the earliest founding date is reported. | | Parties are identified in Appendix I. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CZECH REPUBLIC (2002): B5011_C | | KSCM existed throughout the communist period under a different | name. In 1990, the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia federalized | its structure into the Czech and Slovak branches of the | communist party. Hence, the founding year can also be considered | 1921. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CZECH REPUBLIC (2002): B5011_D | | KDU-CSL existed throughout the communist period under a | different name. In 1990 and 1992, the party joined some other | Christian political forces and changed its name (before it was | only the Czechoslovak People's Party). Hence, the founding year | can also be considered 1918. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - FRANCE (2002): B5011_A | | After the 2002 elections DL (Démocratie libérale) and RPR | (Rassemblement pour la République) transformed their electoral | pact into a new political party: Union pour un Mouvement | Populaire (UMP) (Party A in CSES categorization). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GREAT BRITAIN (2005): B5011_C | | Note that CSES Module 1 codes the Liberal Democrats as founded | in 1859. That year is usually taken as the year when the Liberal | Party was founded. The contemporary Liberal Democrats were | formed by a merger of the Liberal Party and a faction of the | Social Democratic Party in 1988. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ICELAND (2003): B5011_B | | The party existed as electoral alliance from 1999. Members were | Social Democratic Party (1916), People's Alliance (1956), | Women's Alliance (1983), and People's Movement (1994). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - KYRGYZSTAN (2005): B5011 | | Note that in items that code parties from A to F (or I) (e.g., | B3037, B3038, B5011, etc.), Kyrgyz parties are not ordered | according to the election returns, but according to their | popularity as expressed in the CSES party identification item | B3029_1. See also ELECTION SUMMARIES AND GENERAL NOTES - | KYRGYZSTAN (2005) in the introduction to this codebook.. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PERU (2006): B5011_A | | Union for Peru (Unión por el Perú) was originally founded as a | centrist political party in 1994. In the 2006 Peruvian national | election, this party aligned itself with the Peruvian | Nationalist Party and endorsed Ollanta Humala. Given these new | alliances, the year 2005 was chosen as the founding year of | this organization. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PERU (2006): B5011_C | | National Unit (Unidad Nacional) is a right center social- | christian coalition conformed by three political parties: the | Partido Popular Christiano (PPC), Partido Solidaridad Nacional | (PSN) and Renovación Nacional. The specified founding year | corresponds to the founding year of the main political party of | this coalition, that is, the Partido Popular Cristiano. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PERU (2006): B5011_C | | National Unity (Unidad Nacional) is a right center social- | christian coalition conformed by three political parties: the | Popular Christian Party (PPC), National Solidairty Party (PSN) | and National Restoration. The specified founding year | corresponds to the founding year of the main political party of | this coalition, that is, the Partido Popular Cristiano. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PERU (2006): B5011_D | | Alliance for the Future is a coalition of political parties | followers of ex-president Alberto Fujimori. It is conformed by | three groupings: Change 90 (C90), New Majority (NM), and Si' | Cumple (SC). It's original purpose was to compete in the 2006 | general elections after the participation of Alberto Fujimori | was denied. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PERU (2006): B5011_E | | For the 2006 national election, Popular Action joined forces | with We Are Peru and the Coordinadora Nacional de Independientes | to form the Center Front coalition. The presidential candidate - | Valentín Paniagua - was a member of Popular Action, while the | vice-presidential candidates belonged to the small allies. Given | the prominence of Popular Action among this coalition, the | founding year corresponds to the year this last party was | formed. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PHILIPPINES (2004): B5001-B5020 | | Please see election study note for B5001. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - POLAND (2001): B5011_A | | Before being was established as a party in 1999, SLD existed as | a coalition (named also SLD) of Social democratic Party (SdRP) | and many smaller leftist organizations. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - POLAND (2001): B5011_C | | "Samoobrona Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej (SRP) has been registered | as a party in 2001, however "Samoobrona" (Self-defense) as a | trade union had existed since 1992 and contested the 1993 and | 1997 election". | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - POLAND (2001): B5011_G | | AWSP (Akcja Wyborcza Solidarnosc Prawicy), registered as a new | party in 2001, is a splinter product of AWS (established in 1996 | as an umbrella coalition of about 30 organizations, parties and | trade unions of Solidarity pedigree). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - RUSSIA (2004): B5011_H | | The Party of Pensioners and the Party of Social Justice, the | electoral block allocated to B5011_H, was established in 1999, | although both parties existed before that. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SPAIN (2004): B5011_C | | United Left (IU) is a heir to PCU which was founded in 1920. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SPAIN (2004): B5011_D | | Convergence and Union (CiU) has predecessors in parties founded | in 1974 and 1931. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B5012_A >>> IDEOLOGICAL FAMILY - PARTY A B5012_B >>> IDEOLOGICAL FAMILY - PARTY B B5012_C >>> IDEOLOGICAL FAMILY - PARTY C B5012_D >>> IDEOLOGICAL FAMILY - PARTY D B5012_E >>> IDEOLOGICAL FAMILY - PARTY E B5012_F >>> IDEOLOGICAL FAMILY - PARTY F B5012_G >>> IDEOLOGICAL FAMILY - PARTY G B5012_H >>> IDEOLOGICAL FAMILY - PARTY H B5012_I >>> IDEOLOGICAL FAMILY - PARTY I --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QI.3.2.a-f. Ideological Family Party is Closest to: .................................................................. 01. ECOLOGY PARTIES 02. COMMUNIST PARTIES 03. SOCIALIST PARTIES 04. SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC PARTIES 05. LEFT LIBERAL PARTIES 06. LIBERAL PARTIES 07. RIGHT LIBERAL PARTIES 08. CHRISTIAN DEMOCRATIC PARTIES 09. CONSERVATIVE PARTIES 10. NATIONAL PARTIES 11. AGRARIAN PARTIES 12. ETHNIC PARTIES 13. REGIONAL PARTIES 14. RELIGIOUS PARTIES 15. INDEPENDENT PARTIES 16. OTHER 17. SINGLE ISSUE PARTIES 18. SOCIAL-LIBERAL 19. EXTREME LEFT 20. MONARCHIST 21. EXTREME NATIONALIST 22. NATIONALIST LEFT 23. EXTREME RIGHT 24. CENTRIST 25. COMMUNIST-GREEN 26. ORTHODOX-CALVINIST 98. NO ORGANIZATION MENTIONED 99. MISSING 00. NOT APPLICABLE | NOTES: B5012 | | Parties are identified in Appendix I. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ALBANIA (2005): B5012_G | | The Agrarian Party was classified by the collaborator as | belonging to the Agrarian and Ecology ideological party | families. The CSES recorded it as "Agrarian Parties" (code 11). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BRAZIL (2002): B5012_F, B5012_H, | and B5012_I | | Estimates for parties F, H, and I were provided by a different | person. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - FINLAND (2003): B5012_A | | The Centre Party is classified by the collaborator as | belonging to Agrarian/Liberal ideological families. The | CSES recorded it as "Liberal Parties" (code 06). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - FRANCE (2002): B5012_E | | This party is "often regrouped under the term 'Extreme Left'". | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HONG KONG (2004): B5012_B | | Party B (Democratic Alliance for Betterment of Hong Kong) | was originally characterized as "Pro-Beijing Socialist". | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HONG KONG (2004): B5012_G | | Party G (Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions) was originally | characterized as "Pro-Beijing Socialist". | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ICELAND (2003): B5012_C | | The Progressive Party is characterized as "Agrarian/Centre/ | Liberal". CSES coded only the first characterization. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ICELAND (2003): B5012_D | | The Left-Greens are characterized as "Left-Socialist/Ecology." | CSES coded the latter characterization. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ICELAND (2003): B5012_E | | The Left-Greens are characterized as "Liberal/Single-Issue." | CSES coded the first characterization only. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - KYRGYZSTAN (2005): B5012 | | Note that in items that code parties from A to F (or I) | (B3037, B3038, B5011, etc.), Kyrgyz parties are not ordered | according to the election returns, but according to their | popularity as expressed in the CSES party identification item | B3029_1. See also ELECTION SUMMARIES AND GENERAL NOTES - | KYRGYZSTAN (2005) in the introduction to this codebook.. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - MEXICO (2003): B5012_B | | PARTY B (PRI) is assigned to two ideological families: Social | Democratic Parties and National Parties. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PHILIPPINES (2004): B5001-B5020 | | Please see election study note for B5001. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PORTUGAL (2002): B5012_D | | Since PCP is the strongest party in CDU alliance. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - RUSSIA (2004): B5012_A | | The main purpose of "United Russia" was to support President | Putin. Therefore, the party cannot be categorized based on its | ideology. Rather, it is a "Party of Power". Thusly, it is coded | as "16. Others". | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWITZERLAND (2003): B5012_A | | This party was assigned multiple ideological qualifications: | "national, conservative, and agrarian". The first qualification | entered into the data file. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - TAIWAN (2004): B5012_E | | The collaborator did not code this variable given that the | "New Party is no longer active and often follows the KMT's | lead". --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B5013_A >>> EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT POLITICAL GROUP - PARTY A B5013_B >>> EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT POLITICAL GROUP - PARTY B B5013_C >>> EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT POLITICAL GROUP - PARTY C B5013_D >>> EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT POLITICAL GROUP - PARTY D B5013_E >>> EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT POLITICAL GROUP - PARTY E B5013_F >>> EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT POLITICAL GROUP - PARTY F B5013_G >>> EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT POLITICAL GROUP - PARTY G B5013_H >>> EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT POLITICAL GROUP - PARTY H B5013_I >>> EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT POLITICAL GROUP - PARTY I --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QI.3.3.a-f. European Parliament Party Political Group party belongs to: .................................................................. EUROPEAN PEOPLE'S PARTY AND EUROPEAN DEMOCRATS (EPP-ED) 11. EUROPEAN PEOPLE'S PARTY (EPP) 12. EUROPEAN DEMOCRATS (ED) 19. AFFILIATED WITH EPP-ED, BUT NEITHER EPP NOR ED PARTY OF EUROPEAN SOCIALISTS (PES) 21. PARTY OF EUROPEAN SOCIALISTS (PES) 29. AFFILIATED WITH PED AS GROUP, BUT NOT AS PARTY ALLIANCE OF LIBERALS AND DEMOCRATS FOR EUROPE (ALDE) 31. EUROPEAN LIBERAL DEMOCRAT AND REFORM PARTY (ELDR) 32. EUROPEAN DEMOCRATIC PARTY (EDP) 39. AFFILIATED WITH ALDE, BUT NEITHER ELDR NOR EDP EUROPEAN GREENS-EUROPEAN FREE ALLIANCE (GREENS-EFA) 41. EUROPEAN GREEN PARTY (EGP) 42. EUROPEAN FREE ALLIANCE (EFA) 49. AFFILIATED WITH GREENS-EFA, BUT NEITHER EGP NOR EFA UNION FOR EUROPE OF THE NATIONS (UEN) 51. ALLIANCE FOR EUROPE OF THE NATIONS (AEN) 59. AFFILIATED WITH UEN, BUT NOT WITH AEN EUROPEAN UNITED LEFT-NORDIC GREEN LEFT (GUE-NGL) 61. PARTY OF THE EUROPEAN LEFT (PEL) 62. NORDIC GREEN LEFT ALLIANCE (NGLA) 69. AFFILIATED WITH GUE-NGL, BUT NEITHER PEL NOR NGLA INDEPENDENCE AND DEMOCRACY (IND/DEM) 71. ALLIANCE OF INDEPENDENT DEMOCRATS IN EUROPE (AIDE) 72. EUDEMOCRATS (EUD) 79. AFFILIATED WITH IND/DEM, BUT NEITHER AIDE NOR EUD 98. NO ORGANIZATION MENTIONED 99. MISSING 00. NOT APPLICABLE | NOTES: B5013 | | Parties are identified in Appendix I. | The Coding scheme for B5013 was revised from the previous | version, in order to clarify the difference between a "European | Political Party" and a "European Parliament Political Group". | | The European Union recognizes a "European Political Party" as a | political party organization operating transnationally in Europe | and provides funding, based on the Treaty of Maastricht. | | On the other hand, in the European Parliament, these "Political | Parties" ally themselves into "European Parliament Political | Group" with a few other independents, for the convenience of | their activities in the Parliament. Consequently, the "Groups" | function as parties within the Parliament. | | For example, the Liberal Democrats in Britain affiliates with | the ELDR: European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party, one of the | European Political Parties. ELDR in turn consists of ALDE, | Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe, one of the | European Parliament Political Groups, with EDP and some other | representatives with affiliations neither with ELDR nor EDP. | | Even though European Parliament Political Groups function as | political parties in the EP, we code each national party in | B5013 based on the "Party", while indicating to which | "Group" each "Party" belongs. Although they act within the | framework of the "Group" in the European Parliament, most of the | political parties in Europe keep their affiliations with each | European Political Party. Moreover, because some of the groups | were formed quite recently (for example, ALDE in 2004), the | codes become ambiguous if we provide the codes based only on the | "Group" and the survey was conducted before 2004. | | "Code 12. EUROPEAN DEMOCRATS (ED)" does not have legal status | as a "European Political Party" any more. It is a sub-group | within EPP-ED groups, though EPP has a dominant position within | the group. ED is treated as a "party" in the coding because of | its non-trivial historical position in the European Parliament. | | Similarly, "Code 62. NORDIC GREEN LEFT ALLIANCE (NGLA)" does not | have official status as a "European Political Party" because | it has representatives only from a few Nordic countries. | | Therefore, currently a total 10 political parties hold official | status as being a "European Political Party". | | In 2004, EUROPE OF DEMOCRACIES AND DIVERSITIES, the political | group at the European Parliament that existed since 1999. | merged with other Eurosceptic parties and developed into | INDEPENDENCE/DEMOCRACY GROUP. AIDE and EUD continued to | affiliate with INDEPENDENCE/DEMOCRACY GROUP. | | In 2007, IDENTITY, TRADITION AND SOVEREIGNTY (ITS) was | recognized with formal status as a European Parliament political | group. The group consists mainly of far-right and nationalist | parties. However, the group is not included in this coding | system because Module 2 does not have any surveys after their | foundation. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - DENMARK (2001): B5013_E | | Socialist People's Party in Denmark, coded as Party E in Module | 2, is a member of the NORDIC GREEN LEFT ALLIANCE (code 62), | though in addition it holds observer status in the EUROPEAN | GREENS (code 41). The party affiliated with the GUE-NGL in the | European Parliament until the 2004 election. However, after the | election, MEP of the party chose to sit with the Greens-EFA in | the Parliament. For the purpose of the appendix, the party is | coded as 62, i.e. the party belongs more to the GUE-NGL rather | than the Greens-EFA, reflecting the status at the point of 2001, | when the survey was conducted. | | Currently, the party is member of the NORDIC GREEN LEFT ALLIANCE | as a party at the European level but affiliated with | the Greens-EFA in the European Parliament, that differed from | the other parties in the NGL. This is the exceptional case at | which the coding system does not work well. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - FINLAND (2003): B5013_F | | Christian Democrats (KD) has observer status in EPP. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NETHERLANDS (2002): B5013_H, B5013_I | | The Christian Union and SGP (parties H and I), as a coalition, | were members of the Europe of Democracies and Diversities | political group. In 2004, the group transformed into | Independence and Democracy. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - POLAND (2001): B5013_B | | Party B (Citizen's Platform - PO) joined the European People's | Party after the election. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - POLAND (2001): B5013_D | | Party D (LAW AND JUSTICE - PiS) joined the Alliance for Europe | of the Nations (AEN) after the election. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - POLAND (2001): B5013_F | | Party F (League of Polish Families - LPR) joined the Alliance of | Independent Democrats in Europe (AIDE) after the election. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PORTUGAL (2002): B5013_D | | PARTY D (CDU - Coligação Democrática Unitária) is a coalition | between PCP and PEV. Since the formation of the coalition in | 1987, the parties never participated separated in any election. | Communist Party (PCP), the senior partner of the coalition is | a member of the European United Left subgroup in GUE-NFL. | Although the EUL subgroup primary consisted of the Party of the | European Left (PEL, CSES code 61), PCP is not affiliated with | PEL. Therefore, CDU is coded as 69. PEV has affiliation with | European Green Party (EGP, CSES code 41), though currently they | do not have representatives in the EP from their members. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PORTUGAL (2002): B5013_E | | PARTY E (BE - Bloco De Esquerda) is a member of the Party of the | European Left (PEL, CSES code 61). However, it does not have | membership but an associate status with GUE-NGL. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PORTUGAL (2005): B5013_C | | PARTY C (CDU - Coligação Democrática Unitária) is a coalition | between PCP (Party F)and PEV (Party G). Since the formation of | the coalition in 1987, the parties never participated separately | in any national election. Communist Party (PCP), the senior | partner of the coalition is a member of the European United Left | subgroup in GUE-NFL. Although the EUL subgroup primary consists | of the Party of the European Left (PEL, CSES code 61), PCP is | not affiliated with PEL. Therefore, CDU is coded as 69 according | to PCP. PEV has affiliation with European Green Party (EGP, CSES | code 41) and coded as such, though currently they do not have | representatives in the EP from their members. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PORTUGAL (2005): B5013_E | | PARTY E (BE - Bloco De Esquerda) is a member of the Party of the | European Left (PEL, CSES code 61). However, it has not a | membership but an associate status with GUE-NGL. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PORTUGAL (2005): B5013_F | | PARTY F (PCP - Partido Comunista Português) is a member of the | European United Left (EUL) subgroup in GUE-NFL. Although the EUL | subgroup primarily consists of the Party of the European | Left (PEL, CSES code 61), PCP is not affiliated with PEL. | Therefore, PCP is coded as 69. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ROMANIA (2004): B5013 | | Romania was not a member of EU at the time of 2004 elections, so | there has not been any affiliation of these parties to the | European Parliament Political Groups. However, some of them were | "associated" with some EP Groups and Parties: | | PARTY A PSD - Party of European Socialists (CSES code 21) | PARTY B PNL - European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party | (CSES code 31) | PARTY C PD - Party of European Socialists (CSES code 21) | PARTY E UDMR - European People's Party (CSES code 11) | PARTY H PNTCD - European People's Party (CSES code 11) | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWITZERLAND (2003): B5013_B | | Switzerland does not belong to the European Union, so membership | in the European Parliament Political Group is not applicable. | However, the Swiss Social Democratic party is affiliated with | the Party of European Socialists (CSES code "21"). --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B5014_A >>> INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION - PARTY A B5014_B >>> INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION - PARTY B B5014_C >>> INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION - PARTY C B5014_D >>> INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION - PARTY D B5014_E >>> INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION - PARTY E B5014_F >>> INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION - PARTY F B5014_G >>> INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION - PARTY G B5014_H >>> INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION - PARTY H B5014_I >>> INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION - PARTY I --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QI.3.4.a-f. International Organization party belongs to: .................................................................. 01. ASIA PACIFIC SOCIALIST ORGANIZATION 02. CARIBBEAN DEMOCRATIC UNION 03. CHRISTIAN DEMOCRATIC INTERNATIONAL 04. CHRISTIAN DEMOCRATIC ORGANIZATION OF AMERICA 05. COUNCIL OF ASIAN LIBERALS AND DEMOCRATS 06. DEMOCRATIC UNION OF AFRICA 07. EASTERN EUROPEAN SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC FORUM 08. GREEN MOVEMENT 09. HUMANIST PARTY 10. INTERNATIONAL COMMUNIST UNION 11. INTERNATIONAL DEMOCRAT UNION 12. INTERNATIONAL LEAGUE OF DEMOCRATIC SOCIALISTS 13. LIBERAL INTERNATIONAL 14. NATURAL LAW PARTY 15. PACIFIC DEMOCRATIC UNION 16. ORGANIZATION OF AFRICAN LIBERAL PARTIES 17. SOCIALIST INTERNATIONAL 18. SOCIALIST INTER-AFRICA 19. NEW LEFT FORUM 21. EUROPEAN CHRISTIAN DEMOCRATIC UNION 22. THE EUROPEAN GREENS 51. AMERICAN GREEN PARTIES FEDERATION 60. INTERNATIONAL NETWORK OF CENTRE PARTIES 61. KDN - KRISTENDEMOKRATERNE I NORDEN 62. NORDIC COUNCIL LEFT SOCIALIST/GREEN PARTY GROUP 63. EUROPEAN FEDERATION OF GREEN PARTIES 98. NO ORGANIZATION MENTIONED 99. MISSING 00. NOT APPLICABLE | NOTES: B5014 | | Parties are identified in Appendix I. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - FINLAND (2003): B5014_F | | Christian Democrats (KD) belong to KDN (Kristendemokraterne i | Norden), an umbrella organization for Christian Democratic | parties from Nordic countries. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ICELAND (2003): B5014_A | | Party A is also a member of Nordic Council Conservative | Party Group. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ICELAND (2003): B5014_B | | Party B is also a member of Nordic Council Social Democratic | Party Group. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ICELAND (2003): B5014_C | | Party C is also a member of Nordic Council Centre Party Group. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PHILIPPINES (2004): B5001-B5020 | | Please see Election Study Note for B5001. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NORWAY (2001): B5014_E | | Party E (Christian People's Party) is a member of two | organizations. The first one listed (CDI) is entered into the | database. The second listed is European Christian Democratic | Union. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SPAIN (2004): B5014_D | | Convergence and Union (CiU) is a member of both the Liberal | International (code 13) and the Christian Democratic | International (code 3). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - TAIWAN (2001): B5014_B | | Two organizations are provided for Party B. The second one | mentioned is: Pacific Democratic Union. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B5015 >>> SIGNIFICANT PARTIES NOT REPRESENTED IN PARLIAMENT BEFORE THE ELECTION --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QI.3a. Significant parties not represented in parliament before the election (in the expert judgment of the CSES collaborator). .................................................................. 1. YES [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 5. NO 8. NOT APPLICABLE - CURRENT ELECTIONS WERE PRESIDENTIAL 9. MISSING | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CANADA (2004): B5015 | | Green Party of Canada. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CHILE (2005): B5015 | | "Communist Party of Chile (PC)" | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HONG KONG (2004): B5015 | | Article 45 Concern Group, and April Fifth Action. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HUNGARY (2002): B5015 | | Alliance for Hungary-Center Party (ÖMC) was not represented | in parliament either before or after the election. See note | for B5017. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - MEXICO (2003): B5015 | | "Nationalist Society Party, Social Alliance Party, Possible | Mexico, Liberal Party and Citizen Force." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NORWAY (2001): B5015 | | The Red Electoral alliance. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PERU (2006): B5015 | | Nationalist Party - UPP | National Restoration | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - POLAND (2001): B5015 | | Yes - UP. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ROMANIA (2004): B5015 | | National Peasants' Party - Christian and Democratic (PNTCD) was | not represented in parliament either before or after the | election. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B5016 >>> SIGNIFICANT PARTIES NOT REPRESENTED IN PARLIAMENT AFTER THE ELECTION --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QI.3b. Significant parties not represented in parliament after the election (in the expert judgment of the CSES Collaborator). .................................................................. 1. YES [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 5. NO 8. NOT APPLICABLE - CURRENT ELECTIONS WERE PRESIDENTIAL 9. MISSING | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BELGIUM (2003): B5016 | | Agalev and NV-A (PARTY H). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CANADA (2004): B5016 | | Green Party of Canada. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CHILE (2005): B5016 | | "Communist Party of Chile (PC)" | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - DENMARK (2001): B5016 | | The Centrist Democrats and, to a lesser extent, the | Progress Party (both after nearly 20 years in parliament). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GERMANY (2002): B5016 | | "The PDS (PARTY F) is only represented by 2 members, since | it missed the 5% threshold or the three constituency seat | requirement for full representation." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HONG KONG (2004): B5016 | | Hong Kong Progressive Alliance. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HUNGARY (2002): B5016 | | MIÉP and FKGP were represented in parliament before the | election but not after. On MIÉP see above, FKgP was founded | in 1930, but suspended all activities under the communist | regime from 1948 to 1988 except for a brief revival during | the 1956 uprising; part of the governmental coalition between | the 1998 and 2002 elections; agrarian orientation. Alliance | for Hungary - Center Party (ÖMC) was not represented in | parliament either before or after the election. See election | study note for B5017. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - MEXICO (2003): B5016 | | "None of the new parties kept seats in the legislature. The | following parties were not represented in the legislature: | Nationalist Society Party, Social Alliance Party, Possible | Mexico, Liberal Party and Citizen Force." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NEW ZEALAND (2002): B5016 | | Yes - The Alliance. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NORWAY (2001): B5016 | | The Red Electoral alliance. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PERU (2006): B5016 | | Independent Moralizing Front | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - POLAND (2001): B5016 | | YES - AWS, UW. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ROMANIA (2004): B5016 | | National Peasants' Party - Christian and Democratic (PNTCD) was | not represented in parliament either before or after the | election. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - RUSSIA (2004): B5016 | | The 2004 Russian election was presidential, not legislative | and therefore was coded as "8. NOT APPLICABLE" here. Thus | the election in the survey by definition does not have any | significant party not represented in the Duma either before or | after the election. However, as for the 2003 Duma election, | Yabloko (RDPY), Union of Right Forces (SPS), Agrarians (APR) | and Pensioners (RPP) all received more than 3% of the votes in | the party-list voting, but could not clear the 5% threshold. | Therefore, even though they in total attained 9 seats in | single-member districts, they had too few deputies to form an | organized caucus in the Duma after the 2003 election. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B5017 >>> OTHER NON-REPRESENTED SIGNIFICANT PARTIES/INDEPENDENT ACTORS --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QI.3c. Other non-represented parties or independent actors who had a significant effect on the election (in the expert judgment of the CSES collaborator). .................................................................. 1. YES [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 5. NO 8. NOT APPLICABLE - CURRENT ELECTIONS WERE PRESIDENTIAL 9. MISSING | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HUNGARY (2002): B5017 | | Alliance for Hungary - Center Party (ÖMC) was not represented in | parliament either before or after the election. They obtained | roughly 4 percent of the vote and the party leader only narrowly | lost the single-member district seat that he won in the previous | parliamentary elections as an independent candidate. The ÖMC | (called 'Centrum Párt' in Hungarian political parlance) was | registered as a separate political party, but was essentially an | alliance between several smaller center-right parties (Christian | Democratic People's Party; Hungarian Democratic People's Party; | Party of Entrepreneurs; etc.) that contested previous elections | on their own. Most but not all of the ÖMC supported the | center-left opposition Hungarian Socialist Party (MSZP) and | Alliance of Free Democrats (SZDSZ) candidates in the second | round against the center-right candidates, which might have had | a decisive impact on the election outcome. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - IRELAND (2002): B5017 | | "Yes, several candidates standing as 'independents' won seats." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NEW ZEALAND (2002): B5017 | | "Yes, two individuals, one, Nicky Hagar, the author of a book | alleging a government cover up of an unauthorized release of | genetically-modified plants and the other, John Campbell, a | television journalist who confronted the prime minister on the | matter during the campaign." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - RUSSIA (2004): B5017 | | As the 2004 Russian election was presidential, not legislative, | it is coded as "8. NOT APPLICABLE" here. However, it is very | plausible that "The Kremlin" and "The Bureaucracy" used their | government resources to influence the campaign. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - UNITED STATES (2004): B5017 | | "No. There was a great deal of speculation that Ralph Nader's | campaign for president might influence the outcome of the | presidential election, particularly by drawing support away | from the Democratic candidate John Kerry. However, Nader's vote | share was very small and concentrated in states in which Kerry | won and so the effect of Nader's campaign was not decisive in a | simple and straightforward manner. Some people thought that | independently sponsored initiatives forbidding gay marriage | generated increased turnout among culturally conservative Bush | voters. The accumulating evidence suggest this was not the case. | In general, new campaign finance laws that limited donations to | parties encouraged the participation of "independent" groups. | One example is the Swift Vote Veterans for Truth who ran | anti-Kerry ads. Another is Move-On.org which ran anti-Bush | advertisements. The overall effect of these efforts, however, | is not clear." | | Note that while the United States election in 2004 was | presidential, some Congressional elections were run | concurrently, and thus this question applies. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B5018_A >>> LEFT-RIGHT - PARTY A B5018_B >>> LEFT-RIGHT - PARTY B B5018_C >>> LEFT-RIGHT - PARTY C B5018_D >>> LEFT-RIGHT - PARTY D B5018_E >>> LEFT-RIGHT - PARTY E B5018_F >>> LEFT-RIGHT - PARTY F B5018_G >>> LEFT-RIGHT - PARTY G B5018_H >>> LEFT-RIGHT - PARTY H B5018_I >>> LEFT-RIGHT - PARTY I --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QI.4a.a-i. Parties' positions on the left-right scale (in the expert judgment of the CSES Collaborator): .................................................................. 00. LEFT 01. 02. 03. 04. 05. 06. 07. 08. 09. 10. RIGHT 99. MISSING | NOTES: B5018 | | Some collaborators have reported sub-incremental | values (i.e., 4.5, 7.5, etc.). | | Parties are identified in Appendix I. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - JAPAN (2004): B5018 | | "These values are based on a survey on the congresspersons | in the House of Representatives. The survey was conducted | by I. Kabashima (U. of Tokyo) and Asahi Newspaper (reported | in 'Asahi Shimbun' 27 August, 2003)." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PHILIPPINES (2004): B5001-B5020 | | Please see Election Study Note for B5001. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - POLAND (2001): B5018 | | Collaborator's comment: "Overall LR position as used in the | Polish public discourse." The collaborator also provided | Economic L-R estimates for parties A through I: 5, 9, 0, 7, 1, | 4, 5, 9, 1, respectively. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B5019 >>> CONSENSUS ON THE LEFT-RIGHT PLACEMENTS --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QI.4aa. Would there be a general consensus on left-right placements among informed observers in the country (in the expert judgment of the CSES Collaborator). .................................................................. 1. YES 5. NO 8. DON'T KNOW 9. MISSING | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ALBANIA (2005): B5019 | | The original collaborator's answer: "Somewhat". CSES coded it | as "Yes". | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GERMANY (2002): B5019 | | "Based on the subjective importance of the policy domains, | variation on the left and on the right is possible, but no one | would place a party on the other side of the ideological | spectrum." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PHILIPPINES (2004): B5001-B5020 | | Please see Election Study Note for B5001. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - UNITED STATES (2004): B5019 | | "No, informed observers would have a consensus that the | Democratic party including its presidential candidate, John | Kerry, is to the left of the Republican party including the | incumbent President George W. Bush. There is substantial debate, | however, about how liberal the Democrats are and how | conservative the Republicans are." --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B5020 >>> ALTERNATIVE DIMENSION --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QI.4b. Were respondents asked to rank political parties on an alternative dimension, other than the left-right dimension? .................................................................. 1. YES [See Election Study notes for the dimension labels] 5. NO 9. MISSING | NOTES: B5020 | | Collaborators often provided expert ratings of parties in the | "alternative dimension" questions (variables B5020-B5021) | without providing respondent ratings of parties using the same | dimension in the "optional scale" questions (variables B3040). | | Some election studies have data under "optional scale" but | not under "alternative dimension," some election studies have | data under "alternative dimension" but not "optional scale," | and some election studies have data under both "optional scale" | and "alternative dimension" but rate on different dimensions. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HONG KONG (2004): B5020 | | Name of the alternative dimension: Pro-Beijing Vs. Pro-Hong Kong. | | Label for left hand position: Pro-Beijing. | Label for right hand position: Pro-Hong Kong. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - IRELAND (2002): B5020 | | Label for left hand position: Moral Liberals (anti-Church): | pro individual freedom on issues such as homosexuality, divorce | and abortion. | | Label for right hand position: Moral Conservatives (pro-Church): | pro Catholic positions on issues like homosexuality, divorce, | and abortion. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - JAPAN (2004): B5020 | | Name of dimension: Attitude toward international conflict | (national defense, nuclear issue, Japan-U.S. security treaty | etc). | | Label for left hand position: Dove. | Label for right hand position: Hawk. | | "Historically, this dimension mostly overlaps with left-right | ideological dimension. However, this dimension is more diversely | positioned by parties and Komeito, which has a casting vote in | the Government, has leftist position as compared with | ideological position." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - POLAND (2001): B5020 | | Name of dimension: Socio-Cultural Liberalism vs. | Traditionalism/Conservatism. | | Label for left hand position: Liberalism. | Label for right hand position: Conservatism. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWITZERLAND (2003): B5020 | | Name of dimension: Opinion on EU-membership (Openness | vs. Tradition/Alleingang in foreign policy matters). | | Label for left hand position: Stay out. | Label for right hand position: Join EU. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - TAIWAN (2001): B5020 | | Name of dimension: Taiwan Independence vs. | China Reunification. | | Label for left-hand position: Taiwan Independence. | Label for right-hand position: China Reunification. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - TAIWAN (2004): B5020 | | Name of dimension: Taiwan Independence (ethnic identity) | | Label for left hand position: Taiwan Independence. | Label for right hand position: China Reunification. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - UNITED STATES (2004): B5020 | | Label for left hand position: Secularism | Label for right hand position: Moral Traditionalism | | Note: The U.S. micro questionnaire does not include this | dimension. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B5020_A >>> ALTERNATIVE DIMENSION - PARTY A B5020_B >>> ALTERNATIVE DIMENSION - PARTY B B5020_C >>> ALTERNATIVE DIMENSION - PARTY C B5020_D >>> ALTERNATIVE DIMENSION - PARTY D B5020_E >>> ALTERNATIVE DIMENSION - PARTY E B5020_F >>> ALTERNATIVE DIMENSION - PARTY F B5020_G >>> ALTERNATIVE DIMENSION - PARTY G B5020_H >>> ALTERNATIVE DIMENSION - PARTY H B5020_I >>> ALTERNATIVE DIMENSION - PARTY I --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QI.4b.a-f. Parties' positions on the alternative scale (in the expert judgment of the CSES Collaborator): .................................................................. 00. [See Variable Notes for the dimension labels] 01. 02. 03. 04. 05. 06. 07. 08. 09. 10. [See Variable Notes for the dimension labels] 99. MISSING | NOTES: B5020_A-F | | See election study notes for B5020 for the dimension labels. | | Parties are identified in Appendix I. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B5021 >>> CONSENSUS ON THE ALTERNATIVE DIMENSION PLACEMENTS --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QI.4bb. Would there be a general consensus on that alternative dimension placements among informed observers in the country (in the expert judgment of the CSES Collaborator). .................................................................. 1. YES 5. NO 9. MISSING | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWITZERLAND (2003): B5021 | | "[T]he position of the moderate right-wings parties (FDP, CVP) | is not very clear and tend to change more or less according to | polls results: four years ago, the CVP called itself "European | party", 2003 it called itself "the Swiss party" and the European | question is now taboo (not any mention of the EU in the election | program 2003!). Inside the FDP fraction there is no consensus | about this topic, the official position of the party is to carry | on with the bilateral way in the relationship with the European | Union (EU membership is also taboo). But the opinion on the | European union is among the respondents a strong explanation for | electoral behaviour: being against EU membership correlates | strongly with the SVP-vote while being in favor of EU membership | correlates with SP vote." --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B5022_1 >>> MOST SALIENT FACTORS IN ELECTION - 1ST B5022_2 >>> MOST SALIENT FACTORS IN ELECTION - 2ND B5022_3 >>> MOST SALIENT FACTORS IN ELECTION - 3RD B5022_4 >>> MOST SALIENT FACTORS IN ELECTION - 4TH B5022_5 >>> MOST SALIENT FACTORS IN ELECTION - 5TH --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QI.5.1-5. In your view, what are the five most salient factors that affected the outcome of the election (e.g., major scandals; economic events; the presence of an independent actor; specific issues)? .................................................................. 010. Ethnic Identity: Chinese vs. Taiwanese (Mainlanders Vs. Taiwanese) 011. National Identity: Taiwan Independence vs. China Reunification 012. Anti-Money Politics (Anti-Corruption) 013. Chen Shui-Bian's Leadership: Pro-Chen vs. Anti-Chen 014. Political Stability: Pro-Stability vs. Pro-Change 015. Taxes 016. Education 017. The Question Which Parties Will Form the Government 018. Health Issues 019. Childcare 020. Continuing and Prolonged Impoverishment for More than 80% of the Population 021. Strong Discredit/Distrust in the Political Elite of the Last 10 Years/Involved in Corruption Scandals 022. Spread of Corruption/Including Bribe Taking/on All Levels 023. Not Effective and Transparent Privatization of State Owned Enterprises 024. Economic Slowdown During 1997-2001 from about 5% to 1% GDP Growth 025. Four Reforms (Administration, Health, Pension, Education) Introduced Simultaneously-Some of Them Fairly Unsuccessful 026. Populist Economic Policies Enacted by the Senior Coalition Partner-AWS, Which Led to the Withdrawal from the Cabinet of the Junior Partner-UW 027. Corruption, Nepotism by the Heirs of "Solidarity" Movement Politicians Led to Dramatic Alienation of the Mass Publics 028. Oppositional Propaganda (esp. of SLD) Launching Serve Criticism and Up Exaggerated Attacks on the Government, Leading to a Substantial Increase in Mass Expectations 029. Resignation of the Prime Minister António Guterres 030. Resignation of Secretary-General António Guterres from the Leadership of the Socialist Party 031. Local Elections Results 032. EU Commission Warning Issued, Concerning Portuguese Budget Deficit 033. Events Related to the Euro 2004 Football Championship Organization 034. Relatively Prosperous Economy 035. A Very Poor Election Campaign by the National Party 036. Continued Popularity of the Prime Minister, Helen Clark 037. A Decline in Trust in the Government Due to Allegations of a GM Cover-Up 038. Media Attention to a Political Party, United Future, in the Last Week of the Campaign 039. Intifada- Terrorism- Arafat 040. Sharon's Leadership 041. The Weak Labor Alternative 042. Shinui As A Protest Vote; Religious Tensions 043. The Economic Crisis in Israel 044. Social Security, Pensions (Discussions about Raising Pension Age) 045. Finances and Taxes (Debts, Budget Deficit and Tax Reduction Program) 046. European Integration, EU (This Topic Was Quite Present in Media, but Most Parties Avoided the Debate on it) 047. Issues Concerning Immigration- and Integration- Policies for Foreign Inhabitants 048. Issues Concerning the Political System As Such 049. It Was the First Election After the Change of Party in the Government (Executive Power) in 71 Years and the Performance of the President Did Not Cover the High Expectations of the Historical Moment 050. Important Reforms Where Stock in the Congress. There Was a Deadlock Situation Between the Congress and the President 051. The Scandals of "Pemex Gate" for the Pri and "Amigos De Fox" for the Pan, Both Concerning Illegal Finances During the Presidential Campaigns 052. Vicente Fox (President) Popularity vs. Lopez Obrador (Mexico City Major) Popularity 053. The Lost Of Credibility in the Political Actors 054. Focus on Domestic Security Issue 055. Structure of Elections (Presidential Preceding National Assembly Elections) 056. Right Extremist Jean-Marie Le Pen's Success at the Presidential Elections 057. Personality of Jacques Chirac + Coattails 058. Cohabitation 059. Leadership Qualities of the Chancellor and of the Foreign Minister 060. Economy and Unemployment 061. War on Iraq 062. Social Justice 063. Flood (Primarily in East Germany) 064. The Good State of the Economy Benefited the Incumbent Government Parties (Fianna Fail and the Progressive Democrats) 065. Issues Relating to Corruption and Dishonesty in Politics Benefited the Opposition Parties and Harmed Fianna Fail 066. Alleged Corruption and Decline of FKgP 067. Successful Right-Wing Turn Of Fidesz-MPP 068. Alleged Disrespect for Democratic Rules by the Governing Parties 069. Electoral Campaign 070. Social Welfare 071. Availability of Social Welfare and Health Services" 072. Unemployment 073. Areal Policy and the Deprivation of Rural Areas" 074. Images of Party Leaders as Potential Prime Ministers" 075. Economic Events: The Economy Was Not Going as Well as in 2000 076. Energy Crisis 077. Division Within the Governmental Coalition 078. The Professionalism of PT Electoral Campaign 079. Corruption Scandals 080. Economic Prosperity and Stability; Tax Cuts 081. Criticism of the Prime Minister 082. Fisheries Management 083. Environment 084. China Factor 085. Consumption Location - Privatization 086. Democratization 087. Government Performance 088. Scandals 089. Dwindling Welfare Services 090. Immigrants and Foreigners 091. Economy in General 092. The Impeachment of President Roh Mu-Hyun by the Legislature 093. Regional Voting in a Somewhat Weakened Form 094. Young Voters' Overwhelming Support for the Uri Party 095. Major Politicians' Efforts to Appeal to Voters Through Emotionally Charged Activities and Ads 096. The Introduction of the Double Ballot System 097. Terrorism, 9/11, and Subsequent Management of the War on Terrorism 098. Issue Competition over Various Moral/Cultural Issues 099. Good Economic Performance by the Government 100. Popularity of the Prime Minister, John Howard 101. Unpopularity of the Opposition Leader 102. Government Record on Defense/Security 103. Ineffective Opposition Party Policies 104. Economic Issues Concerning Taxation, Social Welfare, and Health Care 105. The Solution of Financial Debts of ODA as Part of the Electoral Coalition Koalice 106. Split of Jan Kasl (Mayor of the Capital City of Prague) From ODS a Week Before the Elections 107. The Terrorist Bombings of Madrid on March 11 (Three Days Before the Elections) 108. The Handling of Information About Whom Was Responsible for the Bombings on the Part of the Government 109. The Opposition of the Great Majority of Spaniards to Participating in the War on Iraq 110. The Prepotence of the PP Government During the Last Two Years of the Legislature 111. The Isolation of the PP Government, Who Lost Support From All Other Political Groups in Parliament 112. General evaluation of retrospective performance of the Koizumi Cabinet (The effect of prospective evaluation withered). 113. Discontent in politics, represented by insincere response of the Prime Minister and coalitional government to the pension issue. 114. Economic performance (Especially effects on personal economy). 115. Evaluations of Party Manifestos (especially effective in Democratic Party Japan). 116. International issues (Delegation of Self Defense Force to Iraq, Kidnap issue with North Korea). 117. Britain's participation in Iraq War eroded public trust in Prime Minister Tony Blair, but Conservative leader, Michael Howard, was not well received. 118. In the wake of "9/11" many voters were very concerned about the number of asylum seekers admitted to Britain, and immigration more generally. 119. Immigration concerns were linked in the public mind to concerns about crime and terrorism. The Conservatives focused their campaign heavily on this triumvirate of issues, but made only limited headway. 120. Voters continued to be concerned about health care, education and public service delivery more generally. However, there were widespread doubts that the Conservatives would do a better job that the incumbent Labour government. 121. A robust economy helped the incumbent Labour government. 122. The split of the opposition. 123. The citizenship case against the leading opposition candidate. 124. The alleged misuse of government funds to help fund the campaign of the administration candidate. 125. Sickness of Another Opposition Candidate. 126. Disorganized Voters List. 127. Sponsorship scandal 128. National unity 129. Same sex marriage 130. Negative Perceptions on the Workings of Previous Right-Wing Government. 131. Negative Perceptions on PSD Leader Pedro Santana Lopes, incumbent Prime Minister 132. Unpopular governmental measures 133. Popularity of PS leader, José Sócrates 134. Rise of new, challenging "Leefbaar" ('Liveable') - parties in year before election. 135. Rise of Pim Fortuyn as independent political actor in 2001-02. 136. Dissatisfaction with incumbent government with respect to integration of ethnic minorities. 137. Dissatisfaction with incumbent government with respect to health care. 138. Reactions to the rise of new parties and Fortuyn (i.e., movement towards CDA). 139. Elderly people 140. Success of Thai Rak Thai in implementing 30 ($.75 per visit) Baht health program 141. Government handling of the tsunami crisis. 142. Transfers of funds to villages for local development. 143. The "One-Village, One-Product" Program 144. Popularity of the Prime Minister 145. Corruption/fighting corruption 146. Changing the income tax (progressive versus flat tax) 147. Party in power (PSD) accused of electoral fraud in the first round of elections 148. Assassination attempt on President Chen on March, 2004 149. Trust in Prime Minister following the War in Iraq 150. Rise of Ollanta Humala as new outsider in Peruvian politics 151. Media campaign against Ollanta Humala 152. Dissatisfaction with government despite economic growth 153. Social inequalities 154. Deep regional inequalities in terms of economic development 155. Long term governance of the Liberal Democracy party 156. Corruption and clientelism accusations against Liberal Democracy by the opposition and media. 157. A number of extraordinary sessions of parliament, some interpellations against Liberal Democracy and the United List of Social Democrats ministers 158. Change of the leader of the Liberal Democracy of Slovenia 159. Specific issues: the question of the so-called 'erased' persons; question of mosque and rights of religious minority; the issue of (special) rights for the Roma population 160. Unsatisfactory economic performance in recent years. 161. Fiscal policy proposals by both coalitions 162. Recent labor market reform. 163. Recent constitutional reform 164. Success of the Coalition Concertacion 165. First Female presidential Candidate 166. Divided opposition 167. Good Economic Conditions 168. Legacy of Pinochet division still present 169. Social and political stability 170. Economic recovery and growth 171. Personal popularity of President Putin 172. Party loyalties 173. Administrative resources, manipulation of the mass media 174. Perceptions of corruption in the Socialist led government 175. Splits within the former ruling coalition (Socialist Party) 176. Recruitment of young politicians by the former opposition party 177. High levels of poverty and low levels of public investments (especially in the last 2 years before the election). 178. Party strategies to manipulate the electoral process. 179. Tribal relationships' structure 180. Regionalism 181. The remains of traditional society 182. Administrative resources' usage 183. Alliance of the northern (Kulov F.) and the southern (Bakiev K.) leaders 999. MISSING | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BRAZIL (2002): B5022 | | A more detailed description of the most salient factors | in the election is included here: | | 75. Economic events: the economy was not going as well as | in 2000. | 76. Energy crisis: there was an energy crisis in mid-2001. | The population had to cut its consumption and the | economic growth has diminished. Governmental popularity | dropped a great deal after the energy crisis. | 77. Division within the governmental coalition: there was | a serious strife among PSDB, PFL and PMDB who were the | major parties underpinning Cardoso´s Government. PFL | decided to support another candidate while PSDB and | PMDB support Serra, the official candidate. | 78. The professionalism of PT electoral campaign. Unlike | the others presidential elections, in 2002 PT did a | very moderate campaign, abandoning completely the | radical stances. | 79. Non-proved corruption scandals against Cardoso´s government. | Those scandals were part of the division within the | governmental coalition. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HUNGARY (2002): B5022_1 | | The Hungarian collaborator provided a more elaborated | description of the most salient factors that affected | the elections: | | CSES CODE: 34. RELATIVELY PROSPEROUS ECONOMY: | | "Under the very firm leadership of Prime Minister Viktor | Orbán (formally or informally the number one leader of | the Fidesz-MPP ever since 1990) the 1998-2002 government | was perceived by the public as relatively efficient, albeit | many of the government's policies were controversial and | divisive. Economic growth was fairly high throughout the | entire term of the Orbán-government, and the income position | of the bulk of the population improved in the last two years | of the government. It remained disputed though to what | extent the strong growth of the period was the result of the | policies of the previous (socialist-liberal) governmental | coalition, and to what extent the Orbán-government allowed | growth to transform into income increases for the many." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HUNGARY (2002): B5022_2 | | The Hungarian collaborator provided a more elaborated | description of the most salient factors that affected | the elections: | | CSES CODE: 66. ALLEGED CORRUPTION AND DECLINE OF FKGP: | | "The FKGP's record in the 1998-2002 government was perceived | dismal in terms of competence, nepotism, sleaze, and policies. | Meanwhile Fidesz-MPP developed credible commitments on all | issues traditionally associated with support for the FKgP, | and the better part of the 1998 FKgP-electorate switched to | Fidesz-MPP. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HUNGARY (2002): B5022_3 | | The Hungarian collaborator provided a more elaborated | description of the most salient factors that affected | the elections: | | CSES CODE: 67. SUCCESSFUL RIGHT-WING TURN OF FIDESZ-MPP: | | "Since 1997, Fidesz-MPP developed a range of controversial | (though with the larger part of the electorate rather | popular) policy commitments in fields like housing, family | policy, government relations with foreign investors, and | policies regarding the Hungarian minorities living in the | neighboring countries. These initiatives solidified support | for the party among the potential electorate of the more | traditional, Christian- and moderately or radically | nationalist right-wing parties, and also extended the | support basis for the right beyond its traditional | electorate. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HUNGARY (2002): B5022_4 | | The Hungarian collaborator provided a more elaborated | description of the most salient factors that affected | the elections: | | 68. ALLEGED DISRESPECT FOR DEMOCRATIC RULES: | BY THE GOVERNING PARTIES | | "Most of the socialist-liberal opposition to the Fidesz-led | government focused on questioning the commitment of Fidesz, | Orbán, and the right-wing general to democratic procedures, and | associating them with sleaze, corruption, abuse of power, | unproductive nationalist stances in foreign policy rhetoric, | and a social policy which neglected the interest of the | pensioners and the poor in favor of supporting middle to high | income families. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HUNGARY (2002): B5022_5 | | The Hungarian collaborator provided a more elaborated | description of the most salient factors that affected | the elections: | | 69. ELECTORAL CAMPAIGN | | "Throughout the 2002 campaign it was widely accepted that | Fidesz-MPP would easily win the election and stay in power. In | retrospect many observers and participants thought that this | impression led to a probably less intense campaigning by the | center-right than would have been possible and necessary. In any | case, after the opposition parties took a clear lead in the | first round of the election, a very energetic, assertive, and | negative campaign by Viktor Orbán led to a significant surge of | the right-wing vote (as well as turnout) in the second round of | the election, which nearly turned around the final outcome of | the election. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - IRELAND (2002): B5022_3 | | "Other issues such as health and crime were cited by survey | respondents as being very important but there was little | relationship between those emphasizing these factors and party | choice." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ISRAEL (2003): B5022 | | The collaborator added the sixth most salient issue: "The repeal | of the 'direct election' system and return to voting with one | ballot." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - KYRGYZSTAN (2005): B5022_5 | | The Kyrgyz collaborator provided a more elaborated description | of one of the most salient factors that affected the elections: | | 157. Alliance of the northern (Kulov) and the southern (Bakiev) | leaders | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PHILIPPINES (2004): B5022 | | A more detailed description of the most salient factors | in the election is included here: | | 122. The split of the opposition: The opposition did not field a | single candidate against the current administration paving | the way for the candidacies of four different candidates | against the incumbent administration which basically split | their chances of garnering enough votes to win the election. | 123. The citizenship case against the leading opposition | candidate: During the first months of the campaign, groups | who were allegedly identified with the administration filed | a disqualification case against the leading opposition | candidate claiming that he is not a natural born Filipino | since his parents were allegedly foreign born. The case | took some time to be resolved. Some observers believed | that this case eventually affected his candidacy. | 124. The alleged misuse of government funds to help fund the | campaign of the administration candidate: Some sectors of | the society along with the different opposition groups were | complaining because they believe that the incumbent | candidate was using government funds in her campaign. | 125. Sickness of Another Opposition Candidate: During the last | month of the campaign an alternative opposition candidate | abruptly went to the United States. The opposition | candidate did not specify his reason for leaving. He just | assured the public that his candidacy would go on. Upon his | return he called a press conference revealing that he was | currently sick but was treated while he was in the U.S. | After the revelation, succeeding surveys revealed that | there was a shift in voting preference that benefited the | current administration. | 126. Disorganized Voters List: During election day, there were | many complaints because so many voters were allegedly | disenfranchised or were exasperated to go to the voting | centers because of disorganized voters list in many | precincts. Most of the voters complained that they could | not find their names or that their voting precincts were | allegedly changed. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - RUSSIA (2004): B5022_1-5022_5 | | Our collaborators provided the following points as the most | salient factors that affected the outcome of the election. | | 168. Social and political stability | 169. Economic recovery and growth | 170. Personal popularity of President Putin | 171. Party loyalties | 172. Administrative resources, manipulation of the mass media --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B5023 >>> CONSENSUS ON THE SALIENCE RANKING --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QI.5a. Do you believe there would be general consensus about the importance of these factors among informed observers in the country? .................................................................. 1. YES 5. NO 9. MISSING | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CZECH REPUBLIC (2002): B5023 | | From the Macro Report: "Not sure". | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GERMANY (2002): B5023 | | "No. Most observers think that the flood in East Germany and the | position on the war on Iraq have been decisive (for the | governing parties). The Iraq issue had an impact, while the | flood only enabled the political actors to underline their | leadership qualities. Yet, both the Chancellor and the Foreign | Minister had been far ahead of their challengers for months | before the election took place; Mr. Schröder had always been the | preferred chancellor. The economy/unemployment were the issues | that worked in favor of the opposition parties." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - JAPAN (2004): B5023 | | "Not very strongly. The list above is basically based on the | analyses on voting behavior using Japan Election Study 3 | (including CSES2 module). However, some scholars would emphasize | international conflicts and Japan's position toward these, | others economy, and still others moral issues, the most | prominent one was pension issue (but not necessarily the | strongest impact factor on the votes)." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWEDEN (2002): B5023 | | From the Macro Report: "So so". | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - UNITED STATES (2004): B5023 | | "No. [...T]he first four issues would be generally agreed upon | by informed observers. The last one might be replaced by either | other issue areas like tax cuts and the budget deficit or by | competition over candidate character/competence." --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B5024 >>> ELECTORAL ALLIANCES PERMITTED IN ELECTION --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QI.6.a. Were electoral alliances permitted during the election campaign? .................................................................. 1. YES 5. NO 9. MISSING | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CANADA (2004): B5024 | | Electoral alliances are permitted in the sense that they are not | forbidden but they are not explicitly allowed and candidates are | allowed to give only one party name on the ballot. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - FRANCE (2002): B5024 | | Yes at the National Assembly elections. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - IRELAND (2002): B5024 | | There was an 'electoral alliance' between the two incumbent | governing parties (FF and PD) in the sense that each party | encouraged its voters to 'transfer' (see note on electoral | system below) to the other party. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ISRAEL (2003): B5024 | | "The bodies which participate in the Knesset elections are | called 'lists'. A list must consist of at least one registered | party, but it could also contain several parties. [...] A list | may also include individuals and movements that are not | registered as parties." Source: | http://knesset.gov.il/elections16/eng/about/parties_etc_eng.htm | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - JAPAN (2004): B5024 | | The answer is YES because in theory electoral alliances can be | formed legally. However, in practice the question is vague. | There was some informal agreement which enables the parties | concerned to cooperate in the Election in question." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NETHERLANDS (2002): B5024 | | Yes. Note that these alliances are only relevant for the | distribution of residual seats, and that in the election the | parties participate under their own names and with their own | lists. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - TAIWAN (2004): B5024 | | Taiwanese electoral law does not allow the formation of | electoral coalitions between political actors. However, they do | emerge de facto among political actors. For example, the 2004 | presidential elections were contested by two electoral | coalitions, both of them composed of more than one party. But, | and according to the collaborator, these were not formal nor | official electoral alliances between parties. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B5025 >>> DID ANY ELECTORAL ALLIANCES FORM? --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QI.6.b. (If yes) Did any electoral alliances form? .................................................................. 1. YES 5. NO 9. MISSING 0. NOT APPLICABLE [NO ALLIANCES PERMITTED] | NOTES: B5025 | | See below for names of alliances and party memberships. | Dominant members are indicated by an asterisk (*). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ALBANIA (2005): B5025 | | Alliance 1: "Alliance for Freedom, Justice, and Welfare" | Republican Party; Liberal Democratic Union; | Democratic National Front; Movement for Human Rights | and Freedom; Albanian Democratic Union; Christian | Democratic Party; New Democratic Party. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - AUSTRALIA (2004): B5025 | | Alliance 1: The National Party and The Liberal Party*. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BELGIUM (2003): B5025 | | Alliance 1: SP.a-Spirit: SP.a* and Spirit | Alliance 2: MR: MR* and FDF | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BRAZIL (2002): B5025 | | Alliance 1: Lula Presidente: | PT* - PL - PC do B - PCB - PMN | Alliance 2: Grande Esperança: | PSDB* - PMDB | Alliance 3: Frente Brasil Esperança: | PSB* - PTC - PGT | Alliance 4: Frente Trabalhista: | PPS *- PTB - PDT - PPB | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BULGARIA (2001): B5025 | | Alliance 1: United Democratic Forces: | UDF*, People's Union, BDSP, NDP. | Alliance 2: George Day (Georgievdan): | Georgievdan*, VMRO. | Alliance 3: Coalition for Bulgaria: | Bulgarian Socialist Party*, BAPU | "Alexandar Stamboliiski", etc. | Alliance 4: MRF: | MRF*, Liberal Union, Euro-Roma. | | In general, coalitions bear the name of the biggest party in the | alliance. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CHILE (2005): B5025 | | Alliance 1: Concertación: | Christian Democrat Party*, Party for Democracy*, | Socialist Party *, Social | Democrat Radical Party | Alliance 2: Alianza por Chile (Alliance for Chile) | National Renewal*, Independent Democrat Union. | Alliance 3: Together we can do more | Humanist Party *, Communist Party of Chile* | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CZECH REPUBLIC (2002): B5025 | | Alliance 1: Koalice: | KDU-CSL and US-DEU (same strength) | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - FINLAND (2003): B5025 | | Alliance 1: KESK, KD, True Finns, Pensioners for | the People | Alliance 2: SDP and VAS | Alliance 3: KOK*, KD, and True Finns | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - FRANCE (2002): B5025 | | Alliance 1: Union pour la Majorité Présidentielle: | RPR*, UDF, DL | Alliance 2: PS*, les Verts, PRG | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HONG KONG (2004): B5025 | | Alliance 1: Audrey EU and Cyd HO Article 45 Concern Group | (Hong Kong Island The Frontier | Constituency) | | Alliance 2: DAB and FTU Alliance Democratic Alliance for | (Kowloon East Betterment of Hong Kong | Constituency) (DAB) | | Hong Kong Federation of | Trade Unions (FTU) | | Alliance 3: DAB and FTU Alliance Democratic Alliance for | (New Territories Betterment of Hong Kong | West) | Hong Kong Federation of | Trade Unions | | Heung Yee Kuk | | New Territories Association | of Societies | | Alliance 4: 7.1 United Front Democratic Party | (New Territories) | East) The Frontier | | Article 45 Concern Group | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HUNGARY (2002): B5025 | | Alliance 1: Fidesz-MDF: | Fidesz-MPP* and Hungarian | Democratic Forum (MDF) | Alliance 2: Informal cooperation of MSZP*, SZDSZ | and to some extentÖMC. | | "It regularly happens in the runoff elections in the | single-member districts in Hungary that some parties mutually | withdraw candidates in some constituencies in favor of each | other's candidates, where more than two candidates could appear | on the ballot in the second round. Because of such arrangements | in the 2002 elections nearly all single-member districts had a | two-way race in the second round, with MSZP and SZDSZ | withdrawing candidates in each other's favor, and the ÖMC | withdrawing candidates in favor of MSZP (or SZDSZ) candidates in | some constituencies where they remained in competition." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - IRELAND (2002): B5025 | | There was an 'electoral alliance' between the two incumbent | governing parties (FF and PD) in the sense that each party | encouraged its voters to 'transfer' (see note on electoral | system below) to the other party. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ISRAEL (2003): B5025 | | Alliance 1: National Unity: | Moledet, Tekuma and Yisrael Beteinu | Alliance 2: Chdash: | Democratic Front for Peace and Equality (Chadash) | and the Arab Movement for Renewal (Ta'al) | Alliance 3: Yahadut Hatorah: | Degel Hatorah and Agudat Israel | | LABOR-MEIMAD is not counted as an alliance "because Meimad never | ran independently in Knesset elections". | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ITALY (2006): B5025 | | Alliance 1: Unione (Union) | Democrats of the Left, Daisy-Democracy is Freedom, | Communist Refoundation Party, Rose in the Fist, | Federation of the Greens, Party of Italian | Communists, Italy of Values, Popular-UDEUR, The | Socialists, Pensioners' Party, and other minor | parties. | Alliance 2: Casa delle Libertà (House of the Liberties) | Forward Italy, National Alliance, Northern League- | Movement for Autonomy, Union of Christian and Centre | Democrats, Christian Democracy for the Autonomies, | Socialist Party New PSI, Tricolour Flame, Social | Alternative, and other minor parties. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - JAPAN (2004): B5025 | | "In the formal sense, LDP and Komeito did not form an alliance | but as a form of agreement they did. In running the Cabinet, | this alliance is important and substantial, and in the 2004 | election, the alliance was also partially effective in terms of | strategic allocation of candidates and votes; LDP and Komeito | coordinate when they decide where to place their candidates, | although they do compete each other in some of the districts." | | Alliance 1: LDP+NK (CGP) | Liberal Democratic Party* and Komeito. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - KYRGYZSTAN (2005): B5025 | | Please note that the primary focus of the Kyrgyz 2005 election | study is the presidential election of July 10, 2005. However, | since a number of items refer to political parties, we include | both kinds of alliances into the following election study note. | | Presidential elections of 2005: | Alliance 1: Tandem: Bakiev K.S. and Kulov F.Sh. | | Note: Bekiev and Kulov participated as acting President and | Vice-President respectively, rather than as leaders of their | political parties (People's Movement of Kyrgyzstan, and | Communist Party of Kyrgyzstan, respectively). | | Parliamentary elections of 2005: | Alliance 1: Peoples' movement of Kyrgyzstan: | Zhany Kyrgyzstan; Democratic movement of Kyrgyzstan; | Asaba; Erkindik; "Free Kyrgyzstan"; Kairan el; | Republic; Communist party of Kyrgyzstan; Party of | Communists of Kyrgyzstan. | Alliance 2: Movement "Zhany Bagyt": | Ata-Meken; Kairan El; Ar namys. | Alliance 3: Movement "Ata - Zhyrt": | "My country"; Social democrats; Party | "El-Bejbechara". | Alliance 4: "Alga, Kyrgyzstan": | Alga, Kyrgyzstan; Adilet; Elet; "New force". | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - MEXICO (2003): B5025 | | Alliance 1: Alianza para Todos: | PRI*-PVEM (in 97 federal districts). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NETHERLANDS (2002): B5025 | | Alliance 1: GroenLinks and SP (no dominant member) | Alliance 2: SGP and ChristenUnie* | | Note that these alliances are only relevant for the distribution | of residual seats, and that in the election the parties | participate under their own names and with their own lists | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NEW ZEALAND (2002): B5025 | | "Yes. [...] The Progressive Coalition included another political | party, the Democrats, who have since left the coalition. | However, none of their members were elected to Parliament. The | Alliance also included the Mana Motuhake party, which also left | after the election." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PERU (2006): B5025 | | Alliance 1: Union for Peru (Union por el Peru): | Union for Peru | Peruvian Nationalist Party | Alliance 2: National Unity (Unidad Nacional): | Popular Christian Party (Partido Popular | Christiano) | National Solidairty Party | (Partido Solidaridad Nacional) | National Restoration (Restauración Nacional) | Alliance 3: Center Front (Frente de Centro): | Popular Action (Accion Popular) | We Are Peru (Somos Peru) | Coordinadora Nacional de | Independendientes | Alliance 4: Alliance for the Future (Allianza | para el Futuro: | Change 90 (Cambio 90) | New Majority (Nueva Mayoria) | Si Cumple | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PHILIPPINES (2004): B5025 | | Alliance 1: K-4 *Lakas-NUCD-UMDP, Liberal Party, Nationalista | Party, Kampi, and half of the members of the | Nationalist People's Coalition. | Alliance 2: KNP *Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino, Partido ng | Masang Pilipino, and half of the members of | the Nationalist People's Coalition. | Alliance 3: Alyansa ng Pag-asa | *Aksyon Demokratiko, Promdi | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - POLAND (2001): B5025 | | Alliance 1: SLD/UP: SLD and UP | Alliance 2: AWSP: Ruch Spoleczny Akcji Wyborczej | Solidarnosc (RS AWS), Zjednoczenie | Chrzescijansko-Narodowe (ZChN), and | Polska Partia Chrzescijanskich | Demokratow (PPChD). | | For Senat election: Blok Senat 2001. Coalition members: | UW, AWSP, PiS, and PO. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PORTUGAL (2002): B5025 | | Alliance 1: CDU: PCP and PEV | Alliance 2: BE: PSR, UDP, and Política XXI | | The third alliance (BE-UDP: BE and UDP) was active only in the | Madeira islands. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PORTUGAL (2005): B5025 | | Alliance 1: CDU *PCP and PEV | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ROMANIA (2004): B5025 | | Alliance 1: National Alliance: Social Democratic Party* (PSD) | and Romanian Humanistic Party (PUR) | Alliance 2: Truth and Justice Alliance: National Liberal Party* | (PNL) and Democratic Party (PD) | | The latter was designed as a political alliance and not | specifically as an electoral alliance. It is designed to remain | active at least until 2008. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWITZERLAND (2003): B5025 | | "Alliances were formed at cantonal level, in different | combinations (usually between different left-wing parties and | between right-wing parties)." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - TAIWAN (2004): B5025 | | Taiwanese electoral law does not allow the formation of | electoral coalitions between political actors. However, they do | emerge de facto among political actors. For example, the 2004 | presidential elections were contested by two electoral | coalitions, both of them composed by more than one party. But, | and according to the collaborator, these were not formal nor | official electoral alliances between parties. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B5030 >>> NUMBER OF ELECTED LEGISLATIVE CHAMBERS --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QIII.d.3.1. Number of elected legislative chambers: .................................................................. 1. ONE ELECTED LEGISLATIVE CHAMBER; UNICAMERAL LEGISLATURE 2. TWO ELECTED LEGISLATIVE CHAMBERS; BICAMERAL LEGISLATURE 9. MISSING | NOTES: B5030 - B5036 | | Note that some of the countries have indirectly elected Upper | Chambers. CSES macro section includes data about upper chambers | even if they are elected indirectly (e.g. France, Germany). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ALBANIA (2005): B5030 | | Albania has a unicameral legislature. "The Assembly of the | Republic of Albania is composed of 140 deputies, of whom 100 are | elected directly by the voters in single-member electoral zones | and 40 are elected according to the proportional percentage of | the votes won by the multi-name lists of electoral subjects | deposited with the CEC." (Article 65, The Electoral Code of The | Republic of Albania) | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - AUSTRALIA (2004): B5030 | | The Parliament of the Commonwealth of Australia has two | chambers. The house of representatives has 150 members, elected | for a three-year term in single-seat constituencies with a | system of alternative vote. The senate consists of 76 Senators, | twelve from each of the six states and two from each of the | mainland territories. The senate is elected for 6 years term. | One half is renewed every 3 years, except for the 4 senators | representing the federal territories, who are elected for a | maximum of 3 years. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BELGIUM (2003): B5030 | | There are 3 segments in Upper House elections. Of the 71 members | of the upper house, 40 are directly elected (1st segment), 21 | are designated by community senators, and 10 are appointed by | the elected senators (3rd segment). The 40 members are directly | elected in 3 multimember districts (Flanders, Wallonia and | Brussels) and seats are proportionately allocated using the | D'Hondt formula. In addition, certain members of the royal | family are senators by right, at present three. See also note | for B5090. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CHILE (2005): B5030 | | The Congreso Nacional de Chile (National Congress of Chile) | has two chambers. The Cámara de Diputados (Chamber of Deputies- | The Lower Chamber) has 120 members, elected for a four year | term. All members are chosen in two-seats districts using the | binomial system (see note B5039_1). The Senado (Senate - The | Upper Chamber) has 38 members elected for a eight year term. As | in the Lower house all members are chosen in two-seats districts | using the binomial system. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CZECH REPUBLIC (2002): B5030 | | The Parlament Ceské Republiky (Parliament of the Czech Republic) | has two chambers. The Poslanecká Snìmovna (Chamber of | Representatives) has 200 members, elected for a four year term | by proportional representation. The Senát (Senat) has 81 | members, elected for a six-year term in single-seat | constituencies, in which one-third is renewed every two years. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - FRANCE (2002): B5030 | | By article 24 of the Constitution of 4 October 1958 the National | Assembly and the Senate together constitute the French | Parliament. The National Assembly consists of 577 deputies | elected directly for five years. Members of the Senate (Senat) | are elected indirectly by popularly chosen departmental | electoral colleges, for nine-year terms. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GERMANY (2002): B5030 | | Bundesrat is not a second chamber formally, but it is | functionally because of its policy implications. Hence, Germany | is treated as a two-chamber system. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HONG KONG (2004): B5030 | | Hong Kong has a unicameral legislature. The legislative council | of the HKSAR has 60 members. Half of the legislative council is | returned by geographic constituency (popular) elections; the | other half is returned by functional constituency elections. | Data on Hong Kong electoral institutions (B5030-B5051) refer to | the geographical constituency elections only. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ICELAND (2003): B5030 | | The 54 constituency seats are divided between parties on the | basis of constituency results (6 primary districts). The 9 | supplementary seats (secondary district) are allocated to | national parties on the basis of their total national vote and | number of MPs already allocated in constituencies. The number | of supplementary seats in each constituency is fixed. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - IRELAND (2002): B5030 | | The Oireachtas/Parliament has two chambers. The Dáil | Eireann/House of Representatives has 166 members, elected for a | five-year term by proportional representation (single | transferable vote) in multi-seat constituencies. The Seanad | Eireann/Senate has 60 members, 11 members nominated, 6 members | selected by the universities and 43 members elected from five | vocational panels, all in short time after the parliamentary | elections. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ITALY (2006): B5030 | | Italy has a bicameral legislature, consisting of the Chamber of | Deputies (Camera dei Deputati) and the Senate of the Republic | (Senato della Repubblica). The Chamber of Deputies has 630 | directly elected members and serve for five-year terms. The | Senate has 315 directly elected members which serve for | five-year terms also. In addition, there are 4 more seats | appointed by the President of the Republic and a varying number | of ex-officio members (former Presidents of the Republic). | Legislative bills may originate in either house and must be | passed by a majority in both. Government depends on confidence | from each branch of the parliament. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - JAPAN (2004): B5030 | | Japan has a bicameral Parliament (Kokkai, or National Diet). | There are 480 seats in the House of Representatives (Shugi-in), | elected in two electoral segments for a four-year term. The | first segment consists of 300 seats elected from roughly | equal-sized single member districts. The second segment is | comprised of 180 seats allocated on the basis of proportional | representation (D'Hondt method) in 11 regional districts (6 to | 30 seats). There are 242 Members of the House of Councilors | (Sangiin), who are elected in two electoral segments, for 6 | years term, where half of the members (121) stand for | re-election every three years. The first segment consists of 47 | prefecture-level districts where 73 representatives in each | election are chosen by simple majority. Successful candidates | are decided in the order of the number of valid votes obtained | on the basis of the comparative plurality. The second segment is | represented by a single nation-wide district based on | proportional representation (D'Hondt method), where 48 | representatives are elected in a single electoral half-cycle. | Note that according to earlier regulations, the House of | Councilors had 252 members. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - MEXICO (2003): B5030 | | The Congreso de la Unión (Congress of the Union) has two | chambers. The Cámara de Diputados (Chamber of Deputies - The | Lower Chamber) has 500 members, elected for a three year term, | 300 members elected in single-seat constituencies and 200 | members elected by proportional representation in multi-seat | constituencies. The Cámara de Senadores (Chamber of Senators - | The Upper Chamber) has 128 members, elected for a six year | term, 96 of them in three seat constituencies and 32 by | proportional representation. In the constituencies two seats are | awarded to the plurality winner and one to the first runner-up. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NETHERLANDS (2002): B5030 | | The 75 members of the Senate (Eerste Kamer) of the Dutch | Parliament (the States General) are elected by the members | of the twelve Provincial Councils. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PHILIPPINES (2004): B5030 | | The Congress of the Philippines has two chambers or houses: | the House of Representatives (Kapulungan Mga Kinatawan) and | the Senate (Senado). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - POLAND (2001): B5030 | | Sejm (The Lower House) has 460 representatives; Senat (The Upper | House) has 100 Senators. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ROMANIA (2004): B5030 | | The Romanian Parliament (Parlamentul Romaniei) is a bicameral | legislature. The Chamber of Deputies (Camera Deputatilor) has | 332 members elected for four-year terms, of which 314 are | elected by proportional representation and 18 members are | elected to represent ethnic minorities. The Senate (Senatul) | has 137 members, elected for four-year terms by proportional | representation. (The number of members of both houses changes | according to changes in population.) | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - RUSSIA (2004): B5030 | | The Federalnoe Sobranie (Federal Assembly) of Russia has two | chambers. The State Duma (The Lower Chamber) has 450 members, | elected for a four year term. Out of 450, 225 members are | elected from the single member districts and the other 225 | members are elected from the Federal (i.e. single district) | proportional representation lists with closed lists and the | Hare-method for seats distribution. The members of the Soviet | Federatsii (The Upper Chamber) are nominated by the local | governments consisted of the Federation. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SLOVENIA (2004): B5030 | | Slovenia has a bicameral Parliament consisting of a National | Assembly or Drzavni Zbor and the National Council or Drzavni | Svet. The National Assembly consists of 90 seats, two of which | are assigned by constitution mandate to represent Slovenia's | Hungarian and Italian minorities. Members are elected by popular | vote to serve four-year terms. The National Council consists of | 40 seats indirectly elected for five-year terms by an electoral | college. It is an advisory body organized on corporatist | principles with limited legislative powers. It may propose laws, | ask to review any National Assembly decisions, and call national | referenda. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SOUTH KOREA (2004): B5030 | | The Kuk Hoe (National Assembly) is unicameral parliament, | consisting of 299 members, elected for a four year term, 243 | members in single-seat constituencies and 56 members by | proportional representation. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SPAIN (2004): B5030 | | Las Cortes Generales (The General Courts) have two chambers. The | Congress of Deputies (Congreso de los Diputados) has 350 | members. The Senate (Senado) has 259 senators. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWITZERLAND (2003): B5030 | | The Bundesversammlung/Assemblée fédérale/Asamblea Federale/ | Assemblea Federala (Federal Assembly) has two chambers. The | Nationalrat/Conseil National/Consiglio Nazionale/Cussegl | Naziunal (National Council - Lower House) has 200 members, | elected for a term of four year by proportional representation | in multi-seat constituencies. The Ständerat/Conseil des Etats/ | Consiglio degli Stati/Cussegl dals Stadis (Council of States - | Upper House) has 46 members, elected for four years in 21 | multi-seat and 5 single-seat constituencies which are equal to | the 26 cantons and half-cantons. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B5031_1 >>> ELECTORAL SEGMENTS - LOWER HOUSE B5031_2 >>> ELECTORAL SEGMENTS - UPPER HOUSE --------------------------------------------------------------------------- In some electoral systems, there are electoral districts that are geographically nested but not otherwise related for purposes of seat allocation. In Lithuania, for example, there are 71 single-member districts that operate under a majority runoff system, and also a single nation-wide district that operates under proportional representation (the largest remainders method with the Hare quota). Neither votes nor seats from the single-member districts transfer to the nationwide district, however. The two processes are entirely independent (with voters having one vote in each district). In this case, the nationwide district, although it contains the 71 single-member districts, is not considered to be secondary. It is primary. One might say that there are two segments to the electoral system in such cases. QII.A.1. How many segments (as just defined) are there in the electoral system? .................................................................. 1-6. NUMBER OF SEGMENTS 9. MISSING 0. NOT APPLICABLE (NO [LOWER/UPPER] HOUSE) | NOTES: B5031 | | Also see notes for variable B5030. | | In some systems there are some seats reserved to be allocated in | such a way that corrects for discrepancies between the | proportion of votes a party receives and their share of the | seats in the legislature (i.e., a "corrective tier"). Because | the allocation of seats in a corrective tier is not independent | of the distribution of votes in a particular segment- in fact, | it is this distribution that determines the allocation of seats | in the corrective tier- the presence of corrective tiers has no | bearing on the number of electoral segments. Only those | characteristics of directly elected tiers are reported in these | data. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ALBANIA (2005): B5031_1 | | There are two segments. Each voter casts two votes, one vote for | candidates, and one vote for party lists. The former refers | to 100 single-member constituencies based on the plurality | principle. The remaining 40 seats are decided on the basis of | party list votes cast in a single nation-wide district (second | segment). To qualify for seats in the proportional segment, a | party has to win at least 2.5% of the party list vote. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BULGARIA (2001): B5031_1 | | For the last 4 parliamentary elections in Bulgaria one and the | same form of proportional electoral system was used. The country | is divided into 31 electoral regions (each one consisting of | several precincts) and each party, registered by the Central | Electoral Commission,may nominate a list of candidates in each | region, registered in turn by the respective Regional Electoral | Commission. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GERMANY (2002): B5031_1 | | There is some ambiguity concerning the number of electoral | segments, and about categorization of the German electoral | system in general, that has not yet been fully resolved. | The present coding of the German electoral system generally | follows the Module 1 coding, unless otherwise stated. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - IRELAND (2002): B5031_2 | | The Irish Senate (Seanad Eireann) has 60 members, who are | indirectly elected. There are 11 Taoiseach nominees, 43 | candidates are elected through five vocational constituencies in | which councilor and parliamentarians vote. Also, there are 6 | others that are elected by the universities (3 by National | University of Ireland and 3 by Trinity College Dublin). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ITALY (2006): B5031_1 | | The Italian Chamber of Deputies uses 3 electoral segments: a) | the national territory divided in 26 constituencies; b) one | segment for Italians living abroad divided by geographical area | in 4 electoral districts, and c) one segment for a single | constituency in Valle D'Aosta. Of the total of 630 seats, 617 | are allocated in the first segment, 12 in the second segment | and 1 in the single constituency of Valle D'Aosta. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ITALY (2006): B5031_2 | | The Italian Senate uses 4 electoral segments: a) the | national territory divided in 19 constituencies; b) one segment | for Italians living abroad divided by geographical area in | 4 electoral districts, c) one segment for six single-member | constituencies in Trentino-Alto Adige equally distributed | between Italian-speaking Trento (Trent) province and German | -speaking Bolzano (Südtirol) province; and d) one segment for | a single constituency in Valle D'Aosta. Of the total of 315 | seats directly elected by voters, 301 are allocated in the first | segment, 6 in the second segment, 6 in the third segment | and 1 in the single constituency of Valle D'Aosta. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - MEXICO (2003): B5031_1 | | "Voters are provided with a single ballot in elections for | federal deputies. They vote by marking the box which contains | the logo of the party and name of its candidate for deputy of | the specific single-member district in which the voter is | registered. The list of 40 candidates that each party presents | for the multimember districts (circunscripcion) is provided in | the voting station. "The vote cast for the party's candidate to | the single-member district also counts for the allocation of the | 40 seats disputed in the larger multimember district | (circunscripcion). Voters are not allowed to split their vote. | In fact, the same vote is subject to a double counting that | produces two-seat relevant vote totals. The first vote total | determines who wins the plurality in the single-member district. | The second serves to allocate seats in the circunscripcion. | Hence, Mexican Lower House has one segment, but primary and | secondary districts (300 single-member districts, and 5 | multi-member districts based on proportional representation, | respectively). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - MEXICO (2003): B5031_2 | | The Upper House (Cámara de Senadores) has 128 members, elected | for a six year term, 96 of them in three-seat constituencies, | and 32 by proportional representation. In the constituencies two | seats are awarded to the plurality winner and one to the first | runner-up. Hence, there is one segment, but with primary | districts (31 state and a Federal District (Mexico City), and a | nation-wide single secondary district where seats are | apportioned proportionally on the basis of nationwide vote | results in primary districts. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NEW ZEALAND (2002): B5031_1 | | There are two segments. Each voter casts two votes - a 'party | vote', and an 'electorate vote'. The later refers to 69 | constituencies where each returns one representative according | to the plurality principle (62 single-member general electoral | districts and 7 single-member Maori electoral districts). The | remaining 51 seats are decided on the basis of 'party vote' cast | for closed party lists. To qualify for seats in the Parliament, | a party has to win at least 5% of the 'party vote', or at least | a single 'electorate' seat. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PERU (2006): B5031_1 | | Peru has a unicameral legislature, the Congreso de la Republica. | It has a total of 120 seats and its members are elected by | popular vote to serve five-year terms. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PHILIPPINES (2004): B5031_1 | | The House of Representatives is elected on the basis of two | electoral segments. In the first segment, 212 representatives | are elected in single-member districts, to a three-year term. | In addition, up to 20% of the total number of representatives | is elected through the party-list system in a single nation- | wide electoral district (second segment). Currently, 24 | representatives are elected on party-list basis. Party-lists | are to be proposed by indigenous, but non-religious, minority | groups. A maximum of three seats is awarded to each party. | Each elector casts two votes: one for the district | representative and the other for the party of his choice. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PHILIPPINES (2004): B5031_2 | | The Senate has 24 members, elected for 6-years term. Half of | the Senate (12 members) is renewed each three years, in a | single nation-wide constituency. Senators are elected according | to the simple majority rule in the single nation-wide district. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PORTUGAL (2002): B5031_1 | | From the Macro Report: "The Portuguese Constitution (1997 | version, and after) allows for the existence of a two tiers (or | more) electoral system, with single member constituencies in | the lower tier (primary districts) and multi-member electoral | districts in the higher tier (secondary districts) (Article 149, | number 1). However, this article was never implemented, due to | lack of consensus among the major political parties, and so the | electoral system remains one of a single tier/one segment." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SLOVENIA (2004): B5031_1 | | There are 8 primary electoral segments each divided into | 11 single-seat constituencies (88 seats in all). However | one deputy does not necessarily get elected from each district. | In addition, there are two special single member constituencies | representing the Hungarian and Italian minorities. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SOUTH KOREA (2004): B5031-B5039 | | "The election was conducted under a new electoral system, a | mixed-member majoritarian system that combines 243 single-seat | districts (SSDs) with 56 proportional representation (PR) seats, | elected from a single nation-wide district. Each voter casts two | votes, one for an individual in the SSD tier, and one for a | closed party list in the PR tier. Seats in both tiers are | allocated separately; each party is allocated its proportionate | share of the PR seats plus the SSDs won by its candidates." | (Cho, 2005, p. 526). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SPAIN (2004): B5031 - B5036 | | Members of the Congress of Deputies (Congreso de los Diputados) | are elected in 50 multi-member constituencies corresponding to | the country's provinces, and in 2 single-member constituencies | (North African enclaves of Ceuta and Melilla). The Senate | (Senado) is elected on the basis of two electoral segments. The | directly elected segment has 208 members elected in 52 | multi-member constituencies corresponding to the country's | provinces, plus Ceuta and Melilla. The provinces elect four | Senators each. In the case of insular provinces, major islands | elect three Senators each while small islands elect one senator | each. Ceuta and Melilla elect two Senators each. There are 51 | indirectly elected Senators. Each of the 17 autonomous | communities return one senator, plus one more for each 1,000,000 | inhabitants, chosen by the legislative assembly of each | community. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - TAIWAN (2001 and 2004): B5031_1 | | Constitutional amendments promulgated on April 25, 2000, | established a unicameral legislative system in Taiwan. | Legislative Yuan has 225 seats; 168 legislators from the special | municipalities, counties, and cities (29 such primary | districts); 4 seats for members of plains Aborigine tribes and 4 | for members of mountain Aborigine tribes, 8 seats representing | the overseas Taiwanese community, and 41 'at-large' legislators. | In case of overseas and 'at large' seats, political parties are | given those seats to fill, based on their percentage (national) | of the vote. Since Taiwanese voters cast only single | nontransferable vote (SNTV) the country is coded as having one | segment, but primary and secondary districts. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B5032_1 >>> PRIMARY DISTRICTS - LOWER - 1ST SEGMENT B5032_2 >>> PRIMARY DISTRICTS - LOWER - 2ND SEGMENT B5032_3 >>> PRIMARY DISTRICTS - UPPER - 1ST SEGMENT B5032_4 >>> PRIMARY DISTRICTS - UPPER - 2ND SEGMENT --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QII.A.2.1-4. How many primary electoral districts are there? .................................................................. 001-900. NUMBER OF PRIMARY ELECTORAL DISTRICTS 999. MISSING 000. NOT APPLICABLE (NO [FIRST/SECOND] SEGMENT AND/OR NO [LOWER/UPPER] HOUSE) | NOTES: B5032 | | Also see notes for variable B5030. | | An electoral district is defined as a geographic area within | which votes are counted and seats allocated. If a district | cannot be partitioned into smaller districts within which votes | are counted and seats allocated, it is called primary. If it can | be partitioned into primary districts, and during the counting | process there is some transfer of votes and/or seats from the | primary districts to the larger district, then the larger | district is called secondary. If a district can be partitioned | into secondary districts (again with some transfer of votes | and/or seats), it is called tertiary. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ALBANIA (2005): B5032_1 | | There are 100 single-member districts. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ALBANIA (2005): B5032_2 | | There is a single nation-wide district, where 40 representatives | are elected according to proportional representation based on | party lists. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - AUSTRALIA (2004): B5032_3 | | The senate consists of 76 senators, twelve from each of the six | states and two from each of the mainland territories. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BELGIUM (2003): B5032_1 | | As of 2003, the number of primary electoral districts was | reduced from 20 to 11. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BELGIUM (2003): B5032_3 | | The two primary districts in the first segment of the senate are | represented by Flemish Language Group (elects 25 members), and | French speaking Language Group (elects 15 senators). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BELGIUM (2003): B5032_4 | | The three primary districts in the second segment of the senate | refer to the three language communities represented by the | Community Councils. The members of the Flemish Parliament and | the Parlement de la Communauté Française appoint among each of | them 10 senators, while the Rat der Deutschsprachigen | Gemeinschaft appoints one member. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BRAZIL (2002): B5032 | | In both upper and lower house elections, the country is divided | into 27 multi-member constituencies corresponding to the | country's 26 states and the Federal District. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BULGARIA (2001): B5032_1 | | The country is divided into 31 electoral regions. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CZECH REPUBLIC (2002): B5032_1 | | According to new electoral rules established in 2001, the | country is divided into 14 electoral districts (before there | were 8 electoral districts). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - DENMARK (2001): B5032_1 | | For electoral purposes, Denmark is divided into three electoral | regions: Metropolitan Copenhagen, the Islands, and Jutland. The | regions are subdivided into a total of 17 multi-member | constituencies. The multi-member constituencies are subdivided | into a total of 103 nomination districts - they have no | importance as regards seat allocation; their relevance is | related to candidate nomination and selection, and election | administration. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - FINLAND (2003): B5032_1 | | Finnish Eduskunta - Riksdagen is elected on the basis of 14 | multi-member (6 to 33 seats) provincial constituencies, and | single-member constituency (province of Aland). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - FRANCE (2002): B5032_1 | | There are 577 single-member constituencies: 555 for metropolitan | France, 17 for overseas departments and "collectivités | territoriales", and 5 for overseas territories. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - FRANCE (2002): B5032_3 | | Members of the Senate are elected in 108 territorial | constituencies (number of seats dependent on population) | comprising the departments of metropolitan France, overseas | departments and territories, territorial collectivities and | French citizens residing abroad. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GERMANY (2002): B5032_1 | | There are 299 single-member constituencies. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GERMANY (2002): B5032_2 | | There are 16 electoral districts corresponding to the Länder, | that also elect 299 members in total. This is different from | Module 1, where the applied code indicated one district in the | second electoral segment. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GERMANY (2002): B5032_3 | | There are 16 multi-member (3 to 6 seats) constituencies | corresponding to the Länder. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GREAT BRITAIN (2005): B5032_1 | | There are 628 single-member constituencies in Great Britain: | 529 for England, 59 for Scotland and 40 for Wales. The United | Kingdom also includes 18 constituencies for Northern Ireland, | but these are not included given that the BSA survey | represents Great Britain. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HUNGARY (2002): B5032_1 | | There are 176 single-member districts. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HUNGARY (2002): B5032_2 | | There are twenty multi-member districts, which cover the | territory of the 19 counties and the capital. In these | district constituencies, list election is held. A maximum | of 152 mandates are allocated from the lists. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - IRELAND (2002): B5032_3 | | The first segment of the Seanad Eireann has 5 primary districts | (i.e., five panels of candidates representing specified | vocational interests (Cultural and Educational Panel, | Agricultural Panel, Labour Panel, Industrial and Commercial | Panel, and Administrative Panel). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - IRELAND (2002): B5032_4 | | The second segment of the upper house has 2 primary districts. | They are represented by six senators who are elected by the | universities. Three are elected by the National University of | Ireland and three by Trinity College Dublin. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - MEXICO (2003): B5032_1 | | The country is divided into 300 Single-Member districts | (distritos uninominales). Election is based in simple plurality | principle. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - MEXICO (2003): B5032_3 | | For the Upper House elections, there are 32 primary electoral | districts, corresponding to 31 federal states, and a Federal | District (Mexico City). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NORWAY (2001): B5032_1 | | There are 165 seats or members of the Storting, of which 157 | constituency representatives are elected to the legislative | assembly - the Storting, representing 19 counties or | constituencies in Norway. Another eight are distributed among | the counties after the election. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - POLAND (2001): B5032_1 | | There are 41 multi-member (7-19 seats) district constituencies. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - RUSSIA (2004): B5032 | | The State Duma has two segments in the electoral system, | the part of the single member districts (SMD) and the part of | the Federal PR. The part of SMD has a number of districts equal | to the number of members elected from the part. The Federal PR | part has only one national district. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SLOVENIA (2004): B5032_1-B5032_2 | | There are 8 electoral segments each divided into 11 single- | seat constituencies (88 seats). However one deputy does not | necessarily get elected from each district. There are also two | special constituencies representing, respectively, the Hungarian | and Italian minorities. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SOUTH KOREA (2004): B5031 - B5039 | | See election study note for B5031. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SPAIN (2004): B5031 - B5036 | | See election study note for B5031. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SPAIN (2004): B5032_1 | | There are 50 multi-member (2 seats minimum per province, the | rest allotted according to population) constituencies | corresponding to the country's provinces, and two single- | member constituencies (North African enclaves of Ceuta and | Melilla). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWITZERLAND (2003): B5032_1 and B5032_3 | | Twenty cantons and 6 half cantons. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - TAIWAN (2001 and 2004): B5032_1 | | There are 29 geographic constituencies, 25 of which are | multi-member districts with an average district magnitude of | seven seats. In addition, there are two geographically spread | districts for aboriginal communities (each giving 4 | representatives). --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B5033_1 >>> NUMBER OF SEATS - LOWER - 1ST SEGMENT B5033_2 >>> NUMBER OF SEATS - LOWER - 2ND SEGMENT B5033_3 >>> NUMBER OF SEATS - UPPER - 1ST SEGMENT B5033_4 >>> NUMBER OF SEATS - UPPER - 2ND SEGMENT --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total number of seats elected in the [first/second] segment of the [lower/upper] house: .................................................................. 001-996. NUMBER OF SEATS 999. MISSING 000. NOT APPLICABLE (NO [FIRST/SECOND] SEGMENT AND/OR NO [LOWER/UPPER] HOUSE) | NOTES: B5033 | | Also see notes for variable B5030. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - AUSTRALIA (2004): B5033_3 | | The Senate consists of 76 Senators, twelve from each of the six | states and two from each of the mainland territories. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CHILE (2005): B5033_3 | | Due to the constitutional reforms of August 2005 -which | abolished the seats reserved for non-elected senators- the total | number of seats in Senate reduced from 45 to 38. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - DENMARK (2001): B5033_1 | | The unicameral Danish parliament, the Folketing, has 179 | members, 175 from Denmark proper and two each from the Faroe | Islands and Greenland. The members from these two parts of the | realm are elected according to separate rules. Note that Module | 1 reports 135 members, which refers to the number of seats | elected in 17 primary districts. An additional 40 seats are | allocated in the secondary district, and 4 seats are allocated | to the Faroe Islands and Greenland. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HONG KONG (2004): B5033_1 | | Thirty members of the legislative council of the HKSAR are | elected directly, on the basis of five geographic electoral | constituencies. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HUNGARY (2002): B5033_1 | | The 176 single-member districts elect one member each. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HUNGARY (2002): B5033_2 | | The multimember districts elect 4 to 28 members depending on | the size of their voting-age population in 1989, totaling 152 | representatives. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - IRELAND (2002): B5033_3-B5033_4 | | See election study note for B5031_2. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - MEXICO (2003): B5033_1 | | The Lower Chamber is made up of 500 representatives, all of whom | are renewed every three years. Three hundred of these | representatives are elected by relative majority in | single-member districts, and the other 200 are elected by | proportional representation through the system of party lists in | five multi-member districts. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - MEXICO (2003): B5033_3 | | The Cámara de Senadores (Chamber of Senators) has 128 members, | elected for a six year term, 96 of them in three seat | constituencies and 32 by proportional representation. In the | constituencies two seats are awarded to the plurality winner and | one to the first runner-up. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PERU (2006): B5033_1 | | There are 24 multi-member and one uni-member constituencies | that elect a varying number of representatives proportional | to the number of eligible voters. The range of elected | representatives goes from one (in Madre de Dios department) to | 34 (in Lima Department). The 25 districts correspond to Peru's | 24 departments plus the Constitutional Province of Callao. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - POLAND (2001): B5033_1 | | There are 460 seats in the Polish Sejm. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PORTUGAL (2002): B5033_1 | | The Assembleia da República (Assembly of the Republic) has 230 | members, elected for a four year term by proportional | representation in multi-seat constituencies. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SLOVENIA (2004): B5033_1 | | There are a total of 90 seats, two of which are designed | by constitutional mandate to represent Slovenia's Hungarian | and Italian minorities. See also note B5030 and B5032_1. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SOUTH KOREA (2004): B5031 - B5039 | | See election study note for B5031. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SPAIN (2004): B5031 - B5036 | | See election study note for B5031. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWEDEN (2002): B5033_1 | | The Swedish Riksdagen has 349 members, where 310 members are | elected from 29 multi-member (2 to 34 seats) constituencies. In | addition, there is one multi-member constituency for 39 "at | large" seats. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - TAIWAN (2001 and 2004): B5033_1 | | Legislative Yuan has 225 seats; 168 legislators from the special | municipalities, counties, and cities; 4 seats for members of | plains Aborigine tribes and 4 for members of mountain Aborigine | tribes, 8 seats representing the overseas Taiwanese community, | and 41 'at-large' legislators. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B5034_1 >>> DISTRICT MAGNITUDE - LOWER - 1ST SEGMENT B5034_2 >>> DISTRICT MAGNITUDE - LOWER - 2ND SEGMENT B5034_3 >>> DISTRICT MAGNITUDE - UPPER - 1ST SEGMENT B5034_4 >>> DISTRICT MAGNITUDE - UPPER - 2ND SEGMENT --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QII.A.3.1-4. For each primary electoral district, how many members are elected from that district? .................................................................. 000.01-900.00. NUMBER OF SEATS ELECTED PER DISTRICT 999. MISSING 000. NOT APPLICABLE (NO [FIRST/SECOND] SEGMENT AND/OR NO [LOWER/UPPER] HOUSE) | NOTES: B5034 | | Also see notes for variable B5030. | | If district magnitude varies by district, an average district | magnitude is reported. This is calculated as follows: total | number of seats/number of districts. | | Note that the ratio "total number of seats/number of [primary] | districts" does not always reflect the real electoral choice | that voters are facing. For example, in several cases, a single | election renews one-third or half of a particular Upper House | (e.g., US senate, Japanese Sangiin, respectively). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - AUSTRALIA (2004): B5034_2 | | Note that this is different from Module 1. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BELGIUM (2003): B5034_3 | | See election study note for B5032_3. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BELGIUM (2003): B5034_4 | | See election study note for B5032_4. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CHILE (2005): B5034_1 | | There are 60 districts, each of which elects 2 candidates. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CHILE (2005): B5034_3 | | There are 19 senatorial districts, each of which elects | 2 candidates. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - FRANCE (2002): B5034_3 | | The senate has 331 indirectly elected members, elected in 108 | territorial constituencies (number of seats dependent on | population) comprising the departments of metropolitan France, | overseas departments and territories, territorial collectivities | and French citizens residing abroad. Approximately 2/3 of the | senators are elected according to majoritarian two-round system, | in departments represented by four senators or less. The | remaining 1/3 of the senate is elected according to proportional | representation using rule of highest average, without | preferential vote or vote-splitting, in departments entitled to | five or more senators. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GERMANY (2002): B5034_2 | | This code is different than in Module 1. The second segment of | the Bundestag has 299 members, who are elected from 16 electoral | districts, making the average district size equal to 18.7. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - IRELAND (2002): B5034_1 | | Each of the 42 constituencies elects between 3 and 5 candidates, | and the total number of elected representatives is 166. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - JAPAN (2004): B5034_3 | | Note that in any particular Upper House election, only one half | of the Upper House is renewed. Thus, 73 seats are contested in | 47 prefecture-level districts. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - MEXICO (2003): B5034_1 | | All 300 primary districts are single-member districts. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - MEXICO (2003): B5034_3 | | Each primary electoral district for the Upper Chamber returns | three representatives. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NORWAY (2001): B5034_1 | | There are 165 seats or members of the Storting, of which 157 | constituency representatives are elected to the legislative | assembly - the Storting, representing 19 counties or | constituencies in Norway. Another eight are distributed among | the counties after the election. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PERU (2006): B5034_1 | | Each of the 25 constituencies elects between 2 and 35 | candidates, and the total number of elected representatives | is 120. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - POLAND (2001): B5034_3 | | There are 49 multi-member constituencies electing 100 senators | in total; 47 constituencies return 2 senators each, while the 2 | most populous constituencies (Warsaw and Katowice) return 3 | senators each. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ROMANIA (2004): B5034_1 | | Each of the 42 districts elects between 4 and 28 deputies, and | the total number of deputies is 332. Among these, 18 seats are | allocated to representatives of minorities' organizations that | did not succeed to pass the threshold of 5%. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ROMANIA (2004): B5034_3 | | Each of the 42 districts elects between 2 and 12 senators, and | the total number of senators is 137. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - RUSSIA (2004): B5034 | | In the two segments of the State Duma electoral system (SMD and | Federal PR), only one member is elected from each district in | the SMD. The Federal PR elects 225 members from its single | district. Also see the election study note for B5033. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SOUTH KOREA (2004): B5031 - B5039 | | See election study note for B5031. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SPAIN (2004): B5031 - B5036 | | See election study note for B5031. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWEDEN (2002): B5034_1 | | There are 29 multi-member districts, electing 310 | representatives in total. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - TAIWAN (2001 and 2004): B5034_1 | | There are 176 seats in all primary electoral districts divided | among 31 such districts = 5.68. See also notes for B5031_1 and | B5033_1. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B5035_1 >>> SECONDARY DISTRICTS - LOWER - 1ST SEGMENT B5035_2 >>> SECONDARY DISTRICTS - LOWER - 2ND SEGMENT B5035_3 >>> SECONDARY DISTRICTS - UPPER - 1ST SEGMENT B5035_4 >>> SECONDARY DISTRICTS - UPPER - 2ND SEGMENT --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QII.A.4.1-4. How many secondary electoral districts are there? .................................................................. 001-900. NUMBER OF SECONDARY ELECTORAL DISTRICTS 999. MISSING 000. NOT APPLICABLE (NO [FIRST/SECOND] SEGMENT AND/OR NO [LOWER/UPPER]HOUSE) | NOTES: B5035 | | Also see notes for variable B5030. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BELGIUM (2003): B5035_1 | | The exception is that the primary districts Waals Brabant, | Kieskring Leuven and Kieskring Brussel-Halle-Vilvoorde form | together a secondary district. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - DENMARK (2001): B5035_1 | | Forty compensatory seats (Tillægsmandater) are distributed among | the three electoral regions (Metropolitan Copenhagen, the | Islands, and Jutland) as part of the higher tier (i.e. a single | national secondary district) seat allocation. The compensatory | seats are earned on the basis of the nationwide proportion of | the vote (i.e. a single secondary district) although they are | then distributed within three regions. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GERMANY (2002): B5035_1 | | There are 16 secondary electoral districts corresponding to the | Länder. This is different from Module 1, where the code was 1. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HUNGARY (2002): B5035_2 | | There is one nationwide secondary electoral district, where | parties participate with the National or 'compensatory' lists. | From this list, a minimum of 58 mandates are allocated in the | proportion of the votes cast for those single-member party | candidates who have not gained a seat and for district party | lists not resulting in a seat (the two collectively referred to | as 'surplus votes'). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - MEXICO (2003): B5035_1 | | There are 5 Multi-Member districts (circunscripciones | plurinominales) each returning 40 representatives. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - MEXICO (2003): B5035_3 | | There is one nation-wide secondary district where seats are | apportioned proportionally on the basis of nationwide vote | results in primary districts. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NORWAY (2001): B5035_1 | | There is one secondary district at the national level, where 8 | seats are proportionally allocated to party lists receiving at | least 4% of the total vote. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ROMANIA (2004): B5035_1 | | There is one nationwide secondary electoral district where a | variable number of mandates are allocated according to votes: | (a) insufficient for promoting in the parliament a listed | candidate at the level of primary districts; (b) gained by | parties that did not pass the threshold. At the same time, 18 | seats are allocated to representatives of minorities' | organizations that did not succeed to pass the threshold of 5%. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ROMANIA (2004): B5035_3 | | There is one nationwide secondary electoral district where a | variable number of mandates are allocated according to votes: | (a) insufficient for promoting in the parliament a listed | candidate at the level of primary districts; (b) gained by | parties that did not pass the threshold. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SOUTH KOREA (2004): B5031 - B5039 | | See election study note for B5031. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SPAIN (2004): B5031 - B5036 | | See election study note for B5031. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWEDEN (2002): B5035_1 | | There is one multi-member constituency for distribution of 39 | "at large" seats, that is nationally. "When the permanent seats | have been distributed between the parties within each | constituency, the permanent seats for the parties in all | constituencies (a total of 310 seats) are aggregated. | Thereafter, a new distribution of seats is conducted, based on | the grand total of votes in the country. This time, 349 seats | are distributed, taking the whole of Sweden as one single | constituency. (Source: Valmyndigheten, http://www.val.se/). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - TAIWAN (2001 and 2004): B5035_1 | | There are two secondary districts in Taiwan: one concerns 41 | 'at-large' legislators, and the second one concerns overseas | Taiwanese community (8 members). Seats in these districts are | allocated according to the nationwide proportion of votes | parties received. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B5036_1 >>> TERTIARY DISTRICTS - LOWER - 1ST SEGMENT B5036_2 >>> TERTIARY DISTRICTS - LOWER - 2ND SEGMENT B5036_3 >>> TERTIARY DISTRICTS - UPPER - 1ST SEGMENT B5036_4 >>> TERTIARY DISTRICTS - UPPER - 2ND SEGMENT --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QII.A.5.1-4. How many tertiary electoral districts are there? .................................................................. 001-900. NUMBER OF TERTIARY ELECTORAL DISTRICTS 999. MISSING 000. NOT APPLICABLE (NO [FIRST/SECOND] SEGMENT AND/OR NO [LOWER/UPPER]HOUSE) | NOTES: B5036 | | Also see notes for variable B5030. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B5037 >>> COMPULSORY VOTING --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Is voting compulsory? .................................................................. 1. YES; STRICTLY ENFORCED SANCTIONS 2. YES; WEAKLY ENFORCED SANCTIONS 3. YES; LIMITED ENFORCEMENT 4. YES; WITHOUT SANCTION FOR VIOLATION 5. NO 9. MISSING | NOTES: B5037 | | Source for this variable is "Compulsory Voting": | http://www.idea.int/voter_turnout/compulsory_voting.htm | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BRAZIL (2002): B5037 | | "Voting is mandatory for those aged 18-70 unless they are | illiterate. Voting is optional for the illiterate, those over | 70, and those aged 16-18. Those who do not vote must 'justify' | themselves to the Electoral Tribunal." (Bustani 2001, p. 306, | n. 2). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - FRANCE (2002): B5037 | | Voting is compulsory for the Senate only (indirect elections by | departmental electoral colleges). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWITZERLAND (2003): B5037 | | Voting is compulsory in a small number of cantons, where those | abstaining without a justifiable reason are subject to a small | fine. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B5038_1 >>> VOTES CAST - LOWER - 1ST SEGMENT B5038_2 >>> VOTES CAST - LOWER - 2ND SEGMENT B5038_3 >>> VOTES CAST - UPPER - 1ST SEGMENT B5038_4 >>> VOTES CAST - UPPER - 2ND SEGMENT --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QII.B.6a.1-4. How many votes voters do or can cast? .................................................................. 01-90. NUMBER OF VOTES 91. OTHER [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 99. MISSING 00. NOT APPLICABLE | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ALBANIA (2005): B5038 | | Albanian voters have two votes - one vote for a candidate in | 100 single member constituencies, and one vote for a party list | in a single nation-wide proportional district (the first and | second segments, respectively). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BELGIUM (2003): B5038_1 | | Voters can vote for a list, in which case they have 1 vote, | and/or they can cast 1 or more preference votes within one list | (with maximum of M votes, where M is district magnitude). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BELGIUM (2003): B5038_3 | | Voters can vote for a list, in which case they have 1 vote, | and/or they can cast 1 or more preference votes within one | list (with maximum of M votes, where M is district magnitude). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BELGIUM (2003): B5038_4 | | Senators from the second segment are indirectly elected, | by two electoral colleges (French and Dutch). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BRAZIL (2002): B5038_3 | | Members of the Brazilian Senate (Senado Federal) are elected | for 8-years term. One-third and two-thirds of the Senate are | renewed alternately every 4 years. In 2002, two-thirds of the | senate was renewed, and therefore voters had two votes in the | upper house election - each electoral district gave two | senators. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GERMANY (2002): B5038 | | In the case of the Bundestag elections, each voter has 2 votes, | one in each segment: 1 ("first vote") for an individual | candidate in one of the primary constituencies, and 1 ("second | vote") for the party-list established, for each of the Länder, | by each political party. The Bundesrat is elected indirectly. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HUNGARY (2002): B5038 | | Two in the first round of the elections - one for each segment | of the electoral system, and usually one more in the runoff. If | a fifty percent turnout was not reached, or no candidate | received an absolute majority in the respective citizens' | single-member district, then a runoff election is held in that | district. A second round of voting has to be held in | multi-member districts too if the 50 percent turnout requirement | was not satisfied in the first round. In the 2002 the turnout | requirement was satisfied in all multi-member and single- | member districts. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NETHERLANDS (2002): B5038_3 | | Members of the Senate (Eerste Kamer) of the Dutch Parliament | (the States General) are elected indirectly - by the members | of the twelve Provincial Councils. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PERU (2006): B5038_1 | | In Peru voters cast one vote for a party list, but they can also | express optionally up to two preferential votes for some | specific candidates from the list they have chosen. The | preferential votes are taken into account only to decide the | order in which candidates from a list will fill the seats the | party has won in the election. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PHILIPPINES (2004): B5038_2 | | In the second segment, voters cast a vote for a list. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PHILIPPINES (2004): B5038_3 | | In the Senate election voters have one vote per candidate to be | elected (i.e., 12 votes since half of the Senate is renewed at a | single election). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - POLAND (2001): B5038_3 | | In Senate election voters have as many votes as there are | candidates to be elected in a district (between 1 and 4). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - RUSSIA (2004): B5038-5044 | | In the case of the State Duma election, each voter has two | votes, one for each segment: one for an individual candidate in | their local constituencies using a single member plurality | system, and one for the Federal closed PR party list established | by each political party. Federal PR lists have a 5% threshold, | and employ the Hare method for the seat distribution. The Soviet | Federatsii is nominated by the local governments, not directly | elected by the popular vote. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SOUTH KOREA (2004): B5038 | | According to new electoral regulations, South Korean voters have | two votes - one vote in the 243 single member constituencies and | one in a single nation-wide proportional district. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SPAIN (2004): B5038_3 | | In the Senate election, parties present three candidates per | district, but all candidates are, in alphabetical order, shown | in the same ballot. Voters vote for one to three candidates, but | the four candidates with the largest number of votes will be | elected. This rule applies to 47 peninsular districts. | Exceptions are the insular districts: Canary Islands (2 | districts) include seven islands, of which, 5 elect a senator | each, while Gran Canaria and Tenerife elect 3 each. Balearic | Islands (1 district) includes four islands, of which 2 elect 1 | senator among the two, one elects 1, and Mallorca elects 3 (5 | senators altogether). Ceuta and Melilla elect 2 senators each. | Note that this variable is coded "1" in order to maintain | consistency with Module 1. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWITZERLAND (2003): B5038_1 | | All Switzerland cases for this variable have been coded "91" for | the following reason: | | "They have as much votes as the number of seats in their | district (between 1 and 34 depends on the cantons). "Each voter | gets by mail all official Lists, that means all accredited Party | Lists with names of the candidates of his/her district (canton), | and one (official) empty List. "Voters can choose one of the | party lists. They also have the possibility to create their own | list by filling the empty list in with the candidates they want. | They can modify a list (e.g. add candidates from other parties | instead of some candidates of the list (panachage), delete | candidates, vote twice for a candidate (cummulation). | | "Voters are not allowed to vote for more candidates than the | number of seats in their district. If they vote for less | candidates (than district seats), the remaining votes go to the | party indicated on the list. In the case no party is indicated | the remaining votes are lost. All candidates belong to a party, | so that if voters cast a single vote for a candidate, this vote | automatically counts for that candidate's party list. The number | of seats in the national council is shared between parties | proportionally to the results of the ballot. Then within parties | - candidates who get the highest amount of votes get the seats. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWITZERLAND (2003): B5038_3 | | All Switzerland cases for this variable have been coded "91" for | the following reason: | | In 20 cantons, voters have two votes, while the six so-called | half-cantons (BL, BS, OW, NW, AI, AR) voters have one vote. The | number of votes is equal the number of seats elected in a | particular (half)canton. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - TAIWAN (2001 and 2004): B5038_1 | | Elections for the Legislative Yuan "use the single | nontransferable vote (SNTV) method. Normally, several | representatives are elected from a single electoral | district [...] Each voter casts only one vote, and | several leading candidates are elected." --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B5039_1 >>> VOTING PROCEDURE - LOWER - 1ST SEGMENT B5039_2 >>> VOTING PROCEDURE - LOWER - 2ND SEGMENT B5039_3 >>> VOTING PROCEDURE - UPPER - 1ST SEGMENT B5039_4 >>> VOTING PROCEDURE - UPPER - 2ND SEGMENT --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QII.B.6b.1-4. With each vote allocated in this segment, voters select: .................................................................. 1. SINGLE CANDIDATE 2. SINGLE CANDIDATE, WITH ALTERNATIVES 3. CLOSED PARTY LIST 4. PREFERENTIAL OR "OPEN" PARTY LIST 5. OTHER [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 9. MISSING 0. NOT APPLICABLE | NOTES: B5039 | | These variables draw on information reported in Macro Report | items QII.B.6, QII.B.6B, QII.B9. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BELGIUM (2003): B5039_4 | | Senators from the second segment are indirectly elected, by two | electoral colleges (French and Dutch). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BRAZIL (2002): B5039_1 | | Each political party presents a list of candidates. Voters can | vote for a candidate or they can vote for a party. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BULGARIA (2001): B5039_1 | | Voters vote for party of coalition lists. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CHILE (2005): B5039_1 and B5039_3 | | Each political coalition presents a list of a maximum of two | candidates per electoral district, normally each from a | different party of the coalition. Voters vote for one candidate | of one of the lists. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CZECH REPUBLIC (2002): B5039_1 | | Each elector votes for the party list of her/his choice, but | voters can mark two preferential votes for individual candidates | on the list. For winning parties, individual candidates who | receive more than 7% of votes from the candidate lists receive | the first allocation of seats. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - FRANCE (2002): B5039_3 | | Approximately 2/3 of the Senators are elected according to | majoritarian two-round system, in departments represented by | four senators or less. The remaining 1/3 of the senate is | elected according to proportional representation using rule of | highest average, without preferential vote or vote-splitting, | in departments entitled to five or more senators. | | These cases are coded in the data as "5. Other". | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HUNGARY (2002): B5039 | | In the first round, citizens can cast one vote for a closed | party list in their multimember district, and another one for a | candidate in their single-member district. Whether they can | (have to) vote in the second round either for a candidate or a | list (or both) depends on results of the first round (see | above). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - IRELAND (2002): B5039_1 and B5040 | | Dáil Éireann (House of Representatives) in Ireland employs | the Single Transferable Vote (STV) System. Therefore, B5039_1 is | coded as 1 (voters choose single candidates) and B5040 is coded | as 1 (vote is transferable). | | Be careful that even though voters choose single candidate (with | ranking) in their districts under STV and coded as 1 in B5039_1, | the STV has much different mechanism from the other systems | where people also choose single candidate but vote transfer is | impossible, such as Single Member District (SMD) used in both of | the US houses or the Single Non Transferable Vote (SNTV) which | has been used in the Japanese lower house until 1993. | | See also B5043 for the detail of the Irish electoral system. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ITALY (2006): B5039_1 | | The Italian Chamber of Deputies has also a third electoral | segment represented by a single member constituency in the | region of Valle D'Aosta. In this segment, each voter has a | single non-transferable vote. Votes are allocated to single | candidates, and the one with the plurality wins. See note | B5031_1 for more information. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ITALY (2006): B5039_3 | | The Italian Senate has also two more electoral segments, in | addition to the ones specified in the dataset. The third segment | consists of six single member districts in the region of | Trentino-Alto. In addition to the plurality winner in each | district, there is a remaining seat that is assigned as follows: | for every party or coalition, votes are summed across all six | single-member districts; for every party or coalition that wins | one or more single-member district, the votes of the winning | candidate are subtracted from the total. After this subtraction, | the party or coalition with most votes is awarded the remaining | seat. The fourth segment is represented by a single member | constituency in the region of Valle D'Aosta. In this segment, | each voter has a single non transferable vote. Votes are | allocated to single candidates, and the one with the plurality | wins. See note B5031_2 for more information. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - JAPAN (2004): B5039_4 | | Until 2000, for the proportional representation vote voters | could only vote on a party list. In 2000, the Diet passed | a bill allowing voters to vote either for a single candidate | or a party of their choice. A vote for an individual | candidate is taken to mean a vote for the party to which the | candidate belongs. These votes for candidates also determine | the ranking of candidates within each party." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - MEXICO (2003): B5039_1 | | "The vote cast for the party's candidate to the single-member | district also counts for the allocation of the 40 seats disputed | in the larger multi-member district (circunscripcion). Voters | are not allowed to split their vote. In fact, the same vote is | subject to a double counting that produces two-seat relevant | vote totals. The first, vote total determines who wins the | plurality in the single-member district. The second serves to | allocate seats in the circunscripcion." Lists submitted for | proportional seat apportionment are closed. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NETHERLANDS (2002): B5039_1 | | Voters have a single vote which is both for a list and for a | candidate at the same time. A majority of voters however cast | their vote on the first candidate on the list. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NETHERLANDS (2002): B5039_3 | | Members of the Senate (Eerste Kamer) of the Dutch Parliament | (the States General) are elected indirectly - by the members | of the twelve Provincial Councils. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PERU (2006): B5039_1 | | In Peru, voters cast one vote for a party list, but they can | also express optionally a preferential vote for some specific | candidate. They can signal up to two preferred candidates from | the list he has chosen. The preferential votes are taken into | account only to decide the order in which candidates | from a list will fill the seats the party has won in the | election. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PORTUGAL (2002): B5039_1 | | Deputies are elected from closed lists presented by parties or | party coalitions in each electoral constituency. Votes are | converted to seats through proportional representation using | D'Hondt's highest average method. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - RUSSIA (2004): B5038-5044 | | See election study note at variable B5038. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SPAIN (2004): B5039_3 | | Parties present three candidates per district, but all | candidates are, in alphabetical order, in the same ballot. | Voters vote for one to three candidates, but the four with | largest number of votes is elected. See also notes for B5038_3. | Note that this code is different than in Module 1. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWITZERLAND (2003): B5039_1 | | In multi-member constituencies voters vote for 'open' party | lists. In 5 single-member constituencies (two cantons, three | half-cantons), single-member majority system is in use. "In | cantons AI and OW: Candidates for the Council of State are | elected at the "Landsgemeinde" by direct suffrage (Majority | system). The "Landsgemeinde" takes place once a year (last | Sunday of April) on the main square of the canton's capital | "city" (in fact a village). All voters gather together, | appointed the highest authorities, approve the cantonal budget | and pass resolutions concerning important cantonal matters | (e.g., new laws, taxes, etc.). Vote counters are appointed to | estimate the results of the elections. In some cantons tacit | election allowed (NW, OW, AI, ZG, TI, NE, JU), de facto seldom | used except in NW and in cantons with "Landsgemeinde" (OW, AI). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWITZERLAND (2003): B5039_3 | | Elections for the Council of States (Upper House) are ruled | by cantonal law. Majority voting system operates in almost | all districts/cantons, except for canton of Jura (JU), which | uses proportional voting system with Hagenbach-Bischoff method. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - TAIWAN (2001 and 2004): B5039_1 | | See notes for B5038_1. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B5040 >>> TRANSFERABLE VOTES --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QII.B.7. Are the votes transferable? .................................................................. 1. YES 5. NO 9. MISSING | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HUNGARY (2002): B5040 | | The voter can in no way indicate a desired direction of vote | transfer. However, votes cast for a particular candidate in a | single-member district, or a particular list of candidates in | a multimember district often turn into 'remainder votes' that | do not earn mandate in the primary district, but are cumulated | at the national level where they benefit candidates who stand | for election on the national list of their party. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - IRELAND (2002): B5039_1 and B5040 | | Dáil Éireann (House of Representatives) in Ireland employs | the Single Transferable Vote (STV) System. Therefore, B5039_1 is | coded as 1 (voters choose single candidates) and B5040 is coded | as 1 (vote is transferable). | | Be careful that even though voters choose single candidate (with | ranking) in their districts under STV and coded as 1 in B5039_1, | the STV has much different mechanism from the other systems | where people also choose single candidate but vote transfer is | impossible, such as Single Member District (SMD) used in both of | the US houses or the Single Non Transferable Vote (SNTV) which | has been used in the Japanese lower house until 1993. | | See also B5043 for the detail of the Irish electoral system. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B5041 >>> CUMULATED VOTES - IF MORE THAN ONE CAN BE CAST --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QII.B.8. If more than one vote can be cast, can they be cumulated? .................................................................. 1. YES 5. NO 9. MISSING 0. NOT APPLICABLE [VOTERS CAST ONE VOTE ONLY] | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HUNGARY (2002): B5041 | | No, the voters cannot cumulate votes themselves. However, as | described at the previous point, their two votes (one for a | regional party list and one for a candidate standing for | election in a single-member district) may both turn into | remainder votes and thus end up cumulated at the national level. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWITZERLAND (2003): B5041 | | In case of the Lower House (Nationalrat) votes can be cumulated | "but it is not allowed to write a candidate's name more than | "twice". There is no cumulating of votes in case of the Upper | House elections. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B5042_1 >>> PARTY THRESHOLD - LOWER - 1ST SEGMENT B5042_2 >>> PARTY THRESHOLD - LOWER - 2ND SEGMENT B5042_3 >>> PARTY THRESHOLD - UPPER - 1ST SEGMENT B5042_4 >>> PARTY THRESHOLD - UPPER - 2ND SEGMENT --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QII.C.l0a.1-4. Are there legally mandated thresholds that a party must exceed before it is eligible to receive seats? If so, what is the threshold? (percentage of vote) .................................................................. 00. THERE IS NO THRESHOLD 0.01-95.00. A PARTY MUST RECEIVE THIS PERCENT [0.01% to 95.00%] OF THE POPULAR VOTE IN ORDER TO BE ELIGIBLE FOR SEATS 97. OTHER THRESHOLD [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 98. NOT APPLICABLE 99. MISSING | NOTES: B5042 | | In some plurality systems, a threshold is established for a | declaration of "official party status" rather than for the | acquisition of seats in the legislature. Usually, these | thresholds are a certain number of seats, rather than a | percentage of the popular vote. For countries in which this | is the case, this variable was coded "97. NOT APPLICABLE". | | See also notes for B5039-B5043 | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ALBANIA (2005): B5042_2 | | The threshold applies to the second segment, i.e., the nation- | wide proportional district: 2.5% of the total valid votes for | party lists. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BELGIUM (2003): B5042_1 and B5042_3 | | A five percent threshold at the electoral district level was | introduced in 2003. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BULGARIA (2001): B5042_1 | | Only parties/lists that collected 4% or more of the total number | of valid votes cast nation-wide participate in the distribution | of parliamentary seats. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CZECH REPUBLIC (2002): B5042 | | The threshold is 5% for a single party. It is higher for | coalitions: | 10% for coalition of 2 parties, | 15% for coalition of 3 parties, | 20% for coalition of 4 parties, etc. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - DENMARK (2001): B5042_1 | | The extra mandates are split between the parties. There are | three ways to get them: | 1. That a party has achieved at least one Kredsmandat. | 2. That a party in two out of three electoral regions | achieved as much votes as an average Kredsmandat | would get in the segment. | 3. That a party has achieved at least 2% of the total | votes nationally. | | Experience shows that threshold (3), the 2% rule, is much | more important than threshold (2), the vote/seat ratio in | two of three electoral regions. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - FRANCE (2002): B5042_1 | | To be eligible at the second ballot, the candidate must have | obtained more than 12,5% of registered voters at the first | ballot. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GERMANY (2002): B5042_1 | | Constituency candidates with a relative majority (first vote) | in one of the 299 constituencies win a seat. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GERMANY (2002): B5042_2 | | "Parties with more than 5% of the valid party votes ('second | vote') nationally or who have won three of the 299 constituency | seats receive a proportional seat share of the 598 regular seat | total based on their national vote share." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HUNGARY (2002): B5042_2 | | To win seats in the regional multi-member districts or at the | national level, a party must have received at least 5 percent of | all votes cast for regional party lists nationally. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ICELAND (2003): B5042_1 | | In order to obtain a supplementary seat (secondary district) a | party must obtain at least 5% of the national vote. There is no | such threshold in the constituencies. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ITALY (2006): B5042_1 | | For parties in a coalition there is a 2% national valid vote | threshold. Complementary, there is a repechage clause that | also admits the party with most votes among those obtaining | less than 2%. For parties outside of coalitions there is an 4% | (national valid votes) threshold. Coalitions get seats only | if the obtain at least 10% valid vote and include a party | which obtains at least 2% of the valid vote. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ITALY (2006): B5042_3 | | For parties in a coalition there is a 3% district level valid | vote threshold. For parties outside of coalitions there is an 8% | national level valid vote threshold. Coalitions get seats only | if the obtain at least 20% of the district level vote and | include a party getting at least 3% of district level valid | votes. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - JAPAN (2004): B5042_1 | | In single-member districts, a candidate needs to receive more | than 1/6 (16.7 percent) of the total votes to be elected. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - JAPAN (2004): B5042_2 | | For the purpose of seat allocation the whole country is divided | into 11 PR districts. Then the single-member districts are | connected with corresponding PR districts. There are two | categories of candidate in PR districts: | (1) Candidate for PR only, | (2) Candidate both for PR and a single-member district. | | The share of PR seats for each party is determined by D'Hondt | formula. The seats each party gets are to be given to the | candidates according to the list the party formally set at the | beginning of an election. The list has priority numbers and | allocation of the PR seats follows this list. If one is a | candidate for (1) category, and entitled to get a seat according | to the above rule, there is no threshold to be elected. But if | one is a candidate for (2) category, the candidate has the same | threshold rule as in the B5042_1. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - JAPAN (2004): B5042_3 | | For the Upper House, prefectural districts, one needs to | receive more than 1/6 (16.7 percent) of the total votes | to be elected. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - JAPAN (2004): B5042_4 | | For PR district for Upper House, there is no threshold in | terms of vote but for any party to involve in the election, | the party needs to have either of the 3 conditions below: | 1. The party has at least five congress persons; | 2. The party received at least 2% of the total votes in | the country in the most recent National Elections (either | Upper House or Lower House). | 3. The party has at least 10 candidates in the focal Upper | House Election. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - MEXICO (2003): B5042_1 | | Parties must receive at least 2 percent of the total of all | party votes that are cast (including invalid votes, which | makes the de-facto threshold at 3-4 percent of all votes) in | order to qualify for proportional apportionment of seats in | 5 secondary districts (circunscripciones). | | Parties that did not pass the electoral threshold are excluded | from the calculations at circunscripcion level. This means that | vote totals at the circunscripcion level are re-calculated | without taking these parties into account. Also, the | constitution provides that the majority party's percentage of | seats in the Chamber of Deputies can not exceed by more that | eight percentage points its share of the national vote cast. | This works in practice as a limit to the total number of | proportional representation seats that the majority party can | attain. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - MEXICO (2003): B5042_3 | | The thirty-two seats appointed by means of the proportional | representation system according to voter rolls in one single | national multi-member district, are distributed on the basis of | a pure proportionality formula (natural quotient and higher | remainder). Hence, no threshold. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NEW ZEALAND (2002): B5042_2 | | "5% or more of the 'party vote', or the winning of one or more | electorate seats from the [first] segment". | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NORWAY (2001): B5042_1 | | No threshold at primary district level. There is one secondary | district at the national level, where 8 seats are proportionally | apportioned to party lists receiving at lest 4% of the total | vote. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PERU (2006): B5042_1 | | A threshold of 4% or five candidates of a list elected in two | or more different electoral districts applied in the general | elections of 2006. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PHILIPPINES (2004): B5042_2 | | Only those parties garnering a minimum of two percent of the | total votes cast are qualified to have a seat in the House of | Representatives. A maximum of three seats can be allocated for | each qualified parties. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - POLAND (2001): B5042_1 | | Votes are first counted at the district level, the results then | go to the National Election Committee to determine which parties | and coalitions have cleared, respectively, the 5% and 8% | threshold. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PORTUGAL (2002): B5042_1 | | "The law shall not limit the conversion of votes cast into | numbers elected by a requirement for a minimum national | percentage of votes." The Constitution, 4th revision 1997, | Article 152. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ROMANIA (2004): B5042_1 | | The threshold is 5% for a single party. In the case of | alliances, 3% are added for the second party and 1% for | any supplementary party. Please note that the threshold changed | in 2000 from 3% to 5%. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ROMANIA (2004): B5042_3 | | The threshold is 5% for a single party. In the case of | alliances, 3% are added for the second party and 1% for any | supplementary party. Please note that the threshold changed | in 2000 from 3% to 5%. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - RUSSIA (2004): B5042 | | In the State Duma election only the Federal PR list has a | 5% threshold. The Soviet Federatsii is not directly elected | by the popular vote. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SOUTH KOREA (2004): B5042_2 | | The threshold applies to the second segment, i.e., the nation- | wide proportional district: 3% of the total valid votes for | party lists, or at least 5 primary district seats. Note that | according to the earlier electoral law, the threshold was 5 | percent. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWEDEN (2002): B5042_1 | | The Swedish electoral system includes barriers to exclude small | parties. To take part in the distribution of seats in the | Riksdag elections, a political party must gain at least 4 | percent of all votes cast in the country. A party gaining fewer | votes may, however, take part in the distribution of permanent | constituency seats in the constituency where it has gained at | least 12 percent of the votes cast in that constituency. [...] | The requirement (threshold) for election on the basis of total | number of personal votes cast for the candidate is at least 8 | percent of the total number of votes cast for the party in a | constituency in Riksdag elections." (Source: Valmyndigheten, | http://www.val.se/). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWITZERLAND (2003): B5042_3 | | No thresholds on national level, but they exist in some cantonal | parliaments. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - TAIWAN (2001): B5042_1 | | There is no threshold for allocation of seats in the primary | districts (plurality multi-member districts). However, | allocation of seats in the secondary districts is proportional | among parties winning at least 5% votes nationally. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - TAIWAN (2004): B5042_1 | | There is no threshold for allocation of seats in the primary | districts (plurality multi-member districts). However, | allocation of seats in the secondary districts is proportional | among parties winning at least 5% votes nationally. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B5043_1 >>> ELECTORAL FORMULA - LOWER - 1ST SEGMENT B5043_2 >>> ELECTORAL FORMULA - LOWER - 2ND SEGMENT B5043_3 >>> ELECTORAL FORMULA - UPPER - 1ST SEGMENT B5043_4 >>> ELECTORAL FORMULA - UPPER - 2ND SEGMENT --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QII.C.10b.1-4. What electoral formula(e) are used? .................................................................. 10. PLURALITY 11. PLURALITY - SINGLE MEMBER DISTRICTS 12. PLURALITY - MULTI MEMBER DISTRICTS 20. MAJORITY 21. MAJORITY - RUN-OFF 22. MAJORITY - ALTERNATIVE 30. PROPORTIONAL REPRESENTATION 31. PR - D'HONDT 32. PR - LARGEST REMAINDER - DROOP 33. PR - LARGEST REMAINDER - HARE 34. PR - STE-LAGUE 98. OTHER [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 99. MISSING 00. NOT APPLICABLE | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ALBANIA (2005): B5043_1 | | "1. The candidate who wins the largest number of valid votes of | the voters who have taken part in the voting in a single-member | zone is considered elected the deputy of that zone to the | Assembly." (Article 66, The Electoral Code of The Republic of | Albania) | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ALBANIA (2005): B5043_2 | | "b) The number of valid votes won by each party or coalition | meeting the respective threshold is divided by the sum of valid | votes they have obtained in the whole country, and the result is | multiplied by 140. Each of these parties or coalitions is | allocated initially a general number of seats equal to the whole | number obtained by the above-mentioned calculation. The | remaining seats are allocated to the subjects with the largest | remainders. In case the remainders for the last seat are equal, | lots are drawn." (Article 67, The Electoral Code of The | Republic of Albania) | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BELGIUM (2003): B5043_4 | | B5043_4 has been coded as "98. OTHER" for the Belgium (2003) | study. | | The Senators from the second segment are indirectly elected, | by two electoral colleges (French and Dutch). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BRAZIL (2002): B5043_1 | | Quota Hare in the first stage and quota D´Hont in the second | stage. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BULGARIA (2001): B5043_1 | | Among parties/lists crossing the 4% threshold, seats are | distributed proportionally to the number of votes obtained in | the whole country (by the formula of D'Hondt). The total number | of seats won by each individual party nationally is subsequently | distributed among its regional lists proportionally to the votes | cast for each regional list (again by the D'Hondt formula). Then | an algorithm is applied to adjust the results of the above | procedure to the number of mandates for each electoral region | pre-assigned by the Central Electoral Commission. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CHILE (2005): B5043_1 and B5043_3 | | Seat allocation between the lists is done by D'Hondt's | method. However, the Chilean electoral system has some further | complications. Usually named the "binomial system", in each | district voters elect two deputies. While the first seat goes to | the candidate with the plurality of the vote, the allocation of | the second seat depends on the overall results of the winning | coalition. If two candidates from the same list (coalition) | obtain together double the amount of votes of the alliance | coming in second, both candidates from the first alliance are | elected. Otherwise, the candidate from the alliance coming in | second with the highest share of votes is elected for the | second seat. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CZECH REPUBLIC (2002): B5043_1 | | Votes are calculated in the primary electoral districts. They | are then summed at the national level (secondary district). If | a party receives more than 5 % of votes nationally, the party | may win a seat. The seats are allocated regionally in each | primary electoral district according to D'Hondt electoral | divisor. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - FRANCE (2002): B5043_1 | | If the candidate obtains the absolute majority at the first | round and 25% of registered electors, he/she is elected. If | not the relative majority at the second round is enough to be | elected. To be eligible at the second ballot, the candidate must | have obtained more than 12.5% of registered voters at the first | ballot. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - FRANCE (2002): B5043_3 | | B5043_3 has been coded as "98. OTHER" for the France (2002) | study. | | Majority in two rounds in departments represented by four | Senators or less and in all overseas territories (2/3 of the | Senate). Proportional representation using rule of highest | average in departments entitled to five or more Senators | (1/3 of the Senate). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GERMANY (2002): B5043_2 | | Parties with more than 5% of the valid party votes ('second | vote') nationally or who have won three of the 299 constituency | seats receive a proportional seat share of the 598 regular seat | total based on their national vote share. | "Party seats are distributed on the state level based on each | party's vote distribution (not: vote shares) among the 16 | states. Constituency seats already won in a state are subtracted | from each party's seat total in this state. The remaining party | seats are filled by the (closed) party lists for each state | (second segment) according to the ranking of the candidates. | If there are more constituency seats won by a party in a state | than a party's seat share would be based on the party vote | distribution, constituency winners remain in parliament as | so-called additional members (Überhangmandate). There were 5 | additional members in 2002 (4 SPD, 1 CDU). While regular MP | seats can be filled by alternates (in the case of death or | resignation of the MP), additional members are not replaced | during an electoral term." | Electoral formula: Hare-Niemeyer, equal to the Hare quota and | largest remainder. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HUNGARY (2002): B5043_2 | | "In the twenty multi-member districts, the Hagenbach-Bischoff | quota is used to allocate seats between those parties that | received at least 5 percent of all votes cast for regional party | lists nationally. If there are more seats to be allocated than | as many full quotas were obtained by these parties in the | multi-member district in question, then less than a full quota - | but at least 2/3 of the full quota - is also enough to earn a | seat." | D'Hondt's formula is used at the national level (secondary | district). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ICELAND (2003): B5043_1 | | The D'Hondt formula is used both for allocating constituency | seats and for dividing supplementary seats between the national | parties (exceeding the 5% threshold). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - IRELAND (2002): B5043_1 | | "The electoral system in Ireland is a proportional | representation single transferable vote system (PRSTV). Voters | put a '1' beside their most preferred candidate, a '2' beside | their second most preferred candidate, and so on. Voters can | express as many preferences as there are candidates running in | their constituency. On the first count, candidates are declared | elected if they attract enough first preference votes to pass a | specified threshold, which is defined separately for each | constituency according to the formula: [total valid votes/ | (total number of seats +1) +1]. If a candidate is declared | elected on the first count, the second preferences of the | candidate's surplus votes (i.e., votes over and above the | threshold) are then distributed among the other candidates. If | this redistribution does not push any of the remaining | candidates over the threshold, the candidate with the lowest | number of votes is eliminated, then the second preferences of | the eliminated candidate's votes are redistributed. This process | of redistribution of surpluses and elimination of candidates | continues until all the seats in a given constituency are | filled. (For details, see Gallagher et al., 2003, Appendix 4)." | | Owing to the quota formula: [total valid votes/(total number | of seats "+1") +1], the STV system in Ireland works similarly | as the party-list proportional representation which uses | the largest-reminder method with droop quota. Consequently, | B3039_1 of IRL_2002 is coded as 33. | | Please be careful that because Ireland uses STV instead of PR, | there are non-trivial differences between the electoral system | of Ireland and the other countries with the PR, for example, | "residual" votes go to the next preferred candidates in the STV | but in the PR to the next listed/ranked candidates, even though | both systems employ "droop" quota for the seats allocation. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ITALY (2006): B5043_1 | | Italy counts with a special mechanism for the allocation | of seats in the Chamber of Deputies. The coalition obtaining a | plurality of votes is awarded 340 seats, which are distributed | among its parties proportionally (using the Hare quota). The | remaining 277 seats are distributed among all other parties. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ITALY (2006): B5043_3 | | Italy counts with a special mechanism for the allocation | of seats in the Senate. In every district (except Molise) | the coalition obtaining a plurality of votes is awarded 55% | of seats. The actual number of seats awarded to the winning | coalition is computed by first computing 55% of the available | seats, and then rounding to the next integer. These seats are | distributed among the parties of the winning coalition | proportionally using the Hare quota. The remaining seats are | distributed among all other parties proportionally using the | Hare quota. In Molise, all seats are assigned proportionally | (no 55% automatic majority mechanism exists). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - KYRGYZSTAN (2005): B5043_1 | | In each constituency, the turnout must cross the threshold of | 50% and candidates need absolute majority to be declared elected | (more than 50% of the votes cast). Should one of these | conditions be missing, a second round of elections must take | place. In the second round, a simple majority suffices. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - MEXICO (2003): B5043_1 | | The 300 single-member districts elect deputies by plurality or | first-past-the-post system. The five multimember districts or | circunscripciones elect 40 members each through proportional | representation. Circunscripciones and single-member districts | are geographically overlapping. Each circunscripcion encompasses | a similar number of districts. To allocate multimember seats the | vote cast in single-member districts is added up to calculate | new totals at the circunscripcion level. Two systems are | employed to accord seats to political parties. Firstly, a | quotient is calculated by dividing the total number of votes in | the circunscripcion by 40. The quotient represents the | number of votes a party must gather in order to gain one | multimember seat in the circunscripcion. Secondly, once parties | have been granted seats according to the quotient system, if | there are any seats left they will be apportioned to the parties | that have the largest remaining vote. The remaining vote is a | portion of the quotient that is left after dividing the party's | vote cast by the quotient. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - MEXICO (2003): B5043_3 | | Three senators are elected in every one of the thirty-two | federal entities. Two of the seats are allocated through the | relative majority principle, that is, they belong to the party | that obtained the largest number of votes. The third one is | appointed through the first minority principle, that is, to the | party that obtained the second largest amount of votes. | The remaining thirty-two seats are appointed by means of the | proportional representation system according to voter rolls in | one single national multi-member district. The law establishes | that a pure proportionality formula (natural quotient and higher | remainder) must be used for their appointment. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NETHERLANDS (2002): B5043 | | B5043_3 has been coded as "98. OTHER" for the Netherlands (2002) | study. | | Members of the Senate (Eerste Kamer) of the Dutch Parliament | (the States General) are elected indirectly - by the members | of the twelve Provincial Councils. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NEW ZEALAND (2002): B5043_2 | | "PR using the Sainte Lague formula on the basis of total seats: | that is, the system is compensatory, party list seats being | used to top up the House from a base of [the first] segment | seats allocated to each party, to the seat numbers calculated | from the party vote alone." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NORWAY (2001): B5043_1 | | Modified St. Laguës formula. The first divisor is 1.4 then | 3, 5, 7, etc. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PHILIPPINES (2004): B5043_2 | | "The parties, organizations and coalitions receiving at least | two percent of the total votes cast for the party-list system | shall be entitled to one seat each, provided that those | garnering more than two percent of the votes shall be entitled | to additional seats in proportion to their total number of | votes." (Section 11 (B) and Section 12 of Republic Act (RA) 941 | or the Party-list System Act). Party-list groups are only | allowed a maximum of three seats. | | There are two formulae in determining the number of allocated | seats for each qualified party. The first formula is used to | compute the number of seats to which the first party (top vote | getter) is entitled to. | | Proportion of the first party = | (Total votes for the first party-list) | / (total number of votes for the party-list system). | | If the proportion of votes received by the top party without | rounding it off is equal to at least six percent of the total | valid votes cast for all party list groups, then the top party | is entitled to two additional seats for a total of three seats | overall. If the proportion of votes without rounding off is | equal to or greater than four percent, but less than six | percent, then the first party shall have one additional seats | for a total of two seats. If the proportion is less than four | percent, then the first party is not entitled to any additional | seat. | | Formula for solving additional seats that other qualified | parties are entitled to: (Additional seats for concerned party) | = [ (Number. of votes of concerned party)/(Number of votes of | first party)] x (Number of additional seats allocated to the | first party) | | COMELEC used the simplified formula of one additional seat per | additional 2% of the total party-list votes in the Proclamation | of party-list winners in the 10 May 2004 national and local | elections. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - POLAND (2001): B5043_1 | | Modified St. Lague formula (divisors: 1.4, 3, 5, 7, etc.). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - RUSSIA (2004): B5038-5044 | | See election study note for B5038. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SLOVENIA (2004): B5043_1 | | Each voter votes for a party-list or an individual candidate | with indication of her choice among the candidates. Seats | are distributed on a proportional basis, employing both the | D'Hondt system and Droop quota. Seats are distributed at the | national level using the D'Hondt system, and Deputies are | selected from the party lists using the highest remainders. | Source: Electoral Code, article 92. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SPAIN (2004): B5043_3 | | See notes for B5039_3. | | Note that this code is different than in Module 1. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWEDEN (2002): B5043_1 | | Modified St-Laguë method. "The permanent constituency seats are | distributed on the basis of the total number of votes gained by | the political parties in each constituency. Comparative numbers | are calculated for the parties that will take part in the | distribution of seats. The first comparative number is obtained | by dividing the parties' respective total number of votes by 1.4. | The party which receives the highest comparative number is | awarded the first seat in the constituency. That party is then | allocated a new comparative number, obtained by dividing the | party's votes by 3. The other parties keep their comparative | numbers until they are awarded a seat. When a party obtains its | second seat, its votes are divided by 5 to calculate the next | comparative number. For the third seat by 7 etc. This method of | calculation is referred to as the 'adjusted odd-number method'." | (Source: Valmyndigheten, http://www.val.se/). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWITZERLAND (2003): B5043_1 | | Note that PR formally applies to all the districts in lower | house (National Council) elections, but congeals to de facto | plurality in the 6 single member districts: Uri (B2031=4), | Obwalden (6), Nidwalden (7), Glarus (8), Appenzell Outer- | Rhodes (15), and Appenzell Inner-Rhodes (16). The formula | by which seats are allocated is Hagenbach-Bischoff, a quota | method. B5043_1 is nevertheless coded 'PR - D'Hondt' since | D'Hondt's divisor method results in the same distribution | of seats as Hagenbach-Bischoff. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWITZERLAND (2003): B5043_3 | | With the exception of the Canton Jura (which uses PR formula), | seats are assigned in majority run-off elections. "There are | different ways to calculate the absolute majority: | In the following cantons: LU, UR, SZ, FR, AR, SG, AG, TG, VD, | VS, NE, JU: on the base of all valid votes, often minus blank | votes: (Total valid votes shared by 2) + 1 = the absolute | majority. Candidates have to get more than 50% of all votes to | be elected in the first run. In the second run (usually a few | weeks later) the simple majority is enough. In ZH, BE, GL. ZG, | SO, BL, SH: based of the votes for candidates: total votes for | candidates shared by the amount seats to provide, and then | shared by 2 = Majority. In those cases the majority is usually | under 50%. In Graubünden (GR): the total of the votes for | candidates is shared by the amount of seats to provide + 1. | The result + 1 is the absolute majority. In GE a simple Majority | of 33.33% is enough to be elected." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - TAIWAN (2001 and 2004): B5043_1 | | The primary districts are plurality multi-member districts. | However, allocation of seats in the secondary districts is | proportional among parties winning at least 5% votes | nationally. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B5044 >>> PARTY LISTS - CLOSED, OPEN, OR FLEXIBLE --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QII.C.11. If there are lists, are they closed, open, or flexible? .................................................................. 1. CLOSED 2. FLEXIBLE, BUT IN PRACTICE VIRTUALLY CLOSED 3. FLEXIBLE 4. FLEXIBLE, BUT IN PRACTICE VIRTUALLY OPEN 5. OPEN 9. MISSING 0. NOT APPLICABLE [THERE ARE NO PARTY LISTS]. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ALBANIA (2005): B5044 | | "d) Deputies are elected from the multi-name lists of parties or | party coalitions according to their respective order;" (Article | 67, The Electoral Code of The Republic of Albania). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - FRANCE (2002): B5044 | | Party lists are used in Senate elections, in departments | entitled to five or more Senators (1/3 of the Senate). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ITALY (2006): B5044 | | The Italian Chamber of Deputies has three independent electoral | segments with different voting procedures (see note B5031_1). | In the most important segment (represented by the national | territory with the exception of Valle D'Aosta) closed list | voting is employed. In the second segment (represented by | four electoral districts for Italian citizens living abroad | a flexible list is used. In the third segment, represented | by a single member constituency in the region of Valle D'Aosta, | party lists are not employed (voters cast their votes for | candidates). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ITALY (2006): B5044 | | Coalitions must be declared when party lists are registered, | given that they explicitly influence the allocation of seats | (see note B5043_1 and B5043_3). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - MEXICO (2003): B5044 | | Party lists used in secondary districts for the Lower and | Upper Chambers are closed. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NEW ZEALAND (2002): B5044 | | This refers to the second segment of the House of | Representatives (51 seats). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - RUSSIA (2004): B5044 | | Federal PR segments of the State Duma election employ the | Hare method for the seat distribution to each political party. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - TAIWAN (2001 and 2004): B5044 | | Party lists for the nationwide apportion of seats are closed | (for secondary districts). However, "when the elected women | are less than the woman quota the respective political parties | shall give precedence to their female candidates so as to fill | all prescribed number of seats for women." (Election Law, | Article 65). Note that voters do NOT vote for lists, but for | candidates in primary districts. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B5045 >>> CAN PARTIES RUN JOINT LISTS --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QII.D.12.A. Can parties run joint lists? .................................................................. 1. YES 5. NO 9. MISSING | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - FRANCE (2002): B5045 | | "Parties can decide whether to form alliances in the first or | second round of elections. When they agree to form an alliance | in the first round they define a set of constituencies | (circonscriptions) in which only one of the alliance partner | fields a candidate. | | In the second round French parties often agree to withdraw in | favor of the more successful candidate of the same political | camp. Alternatively they can found electoral alliances and | compete under the alliance name. Usually in such cases the | districts are a priori divided amongst the participating | parties." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HUNGARY (2002): B5045 | | "The answer is yes, but no other information can be printed on | the ballot paper than the names of the candidates, their rank | order on the list, and the name of the list. The ballot paper | will not show if they come from different parties/organizations. | In the 2002 elections, for the first time ever in a national | election since the restoration of democracy in 1990, there was | a joint party list presented to the voters, namely the joint | list of Fidesz-MPP and MDF." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - MEXICO (2003): B5045 | | Political parties can form alliances in all Federal elections. | There are three possibilities: | | 1. Two or more parties can nominate the same presidential | candidate only if they also agree on a single slate of | legislative candidates (in the Chamber of Deputies and in the | Senate, both single-member and multi-member districts | candidates). | | 2. Two or more parties can produce a single list of candidates | for the 200 proportional representation seats in the Chamber of | Deputies and the 32 proportional seats in the Senate (5 regional | multi-member districts in the case of the Chamber of Deputies | and one national multi-member district in the case of the | Senate), only if they agree on the same slate of candidates for | the 300 simple majority deputies and the 32 three-member federal | districts for the Senate. | | 3. Two or more parties can form a partial alliance to nominate | candidates running for the Chamber of Deputies in single-member | districts if the number of common candidates postulated is | between 33 and 100, otherwise the parties must commit to a total | alliance. I the case of the Senate, two or more parties can form | a partial alliance to nominate candidates of simple majority if | the number of common candidates postulated is between 6 and 20, | otherwise the parties involved must commit to a total alliance | including all the legislative formulas. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NETHERLANDS (2002): B5045 | | Joint lists are possible - in the sense that parties may | decide before the election to submit a single list. But | this joint list is for electoral purposed indistinguishable | from a "normal" single list. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NEW ZEALAND (2002): B5045 | | "Parties can form a 'federal' party, and run a joint list, | as did the Alliance, which had a number of component parties. | Apparentement as such is probably not possible in law but | component parties can be registered as parties as well as | the umbrella organisation that contests the election. | Alliances are more frequently made by a larger party agreeing | not to run a candidate in an electorate that a smaller party | ally may win - National did not run in an electorate in 1996 | and 1999, thus allowing the United party to gain a seat. | While still running a candidate, parties may allow tacitly | encourage their voters to cast an electorate vote for a small | party ally - for example National for Act in 1996, and Labour | for the Greens in 1999. There were no such arrangements in | 2002." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PHILIPPINES (2004): B5045 | | This applies only to the second segment of the Lower House, | where voters vote for lists. For all other positions voters | vote for candidates. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PORTUGAL (2002): B5045 | | From the Macro Report: | "Different political parties can run together under a common | label but they must announce and register the pre electoral | coalition, the parties that integrate the list and the list's | label, to the Constitutional Court (Tribunal Constitutional) | forty one days before the election." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWITZERLAND (2003): B5045 | | For elections in the national council (Nationalrat), list | alliances, joint list and apparentements, are allowable | (Art. 31, 42 BPR). For the Council of States (Ständerrat) | joint lists are allowable. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B5046 >>> THE POSSIBILITY OF APPARENTEMENT --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QII.D.12.B. Is there apparentement or linking of party lists? .................................................................. 1. YES 5. NO 9. MISSING | NOTES: B5046 | | Please also refer to notes for variable B5045. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BELGIUM (2003): B5046 | | "Yes, but, since electoral reform of 2003, only in secondary | district Brussel-Halle-Vilvoorde-Leuven-Waals Brabant". | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CHILE (2005): B5046 | | Formally there is no apparentement, but under the binomial | system political parties compete through electoral coalitions | which are presented on the ballot as party lists. If the | leading coalition is able to outpoll the second-place coalition | by a margin of more than 2-to-1, then the winning coalition | obtains both seats for that district. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HUNGARY (2002): B5046 | | "The answer is yes, but this option has never been used." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ISRAEL (2003): B5046 | | "Yes, for distribution of remaining seats." (Collaborator) | | "In accordance with Section 67(c) of the Knesset Elections Law | (Consolidated Version) - 1969, the following lists running for | the 16th Knesset have formed surplus vote agreements regarding | the distribution of Knesset mandates: | 1. Labor-Meimad with Meretz | 2. Shinui with Greens (Hayerukim) | 3. National Unity (HaIchud HaLeumi) with Yisrael B'Aliya | 4. National Religious Party (Mafdal) with Am Ehad | 5. Shas with Torah and Shabbat Judaism | 6. Democratic Front for Peace and Equality (Hadash) with | National Democratic Assembly (Balad)" | (Source: | http://www.knesset.gov.il/elections16/eng/about/surplus_eng.htm) | | "In 2003, both parties of the apparentement agreement had to | win more than the minimum 1.5 percent of the vote; since the | Greens failed to do so, only five party-couples participated | in the calculations." (Collaborator) | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NEW ZEALAND (2002): B5046 | | See election study note for B5045. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PHILIPPINES (2004): B5046 | | The President can suggest/initiate legislation through his | allies in the Congress but it is still needs the approval of | the Congress. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWITZERLAND (2003): B5046 | | For elections in the national council (Nationalrat), list | alliances, joint list and apparentements, are allowable (Art. | 31, 42 BPR). For the Council of States (Ständerrat) joint | lists are allowable. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B5047 >>> MULTI-PARTY ENDORSEMENTS --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QII.D.12.C. Can candidates run with the endorsement of more than one party? .................................................................. 1. YES 5. NO 9. MISSING | NOTES: B5047 | | Please also refer to notes for variable B5045. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HUNGARY (2002): B5047 | | Yes. This was the form that Fidesz-MDF electoral alliance took | in the 1998 election, but in 2002 no relevant candidate made | use of this option. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - IRELAND (2002): B5047 | | "Yes, in the sense that if a party did not run candidates in | all constituencies it may advocate that its supporters vote | for party x in a particular constituency." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - JAPAN (2004): B5047 | | "This is Yes and No. Because there is no legal rule at the | district level. It is legally possible at the district | elections (with no actual case), but if a candidate win in | such case, s/he will have to choose Kaiha (party in Japanese | parliament) that s/he belong to or to become independent in | the parliament. At the PR seats, it is impossible, because | there are no joint lists." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - KYRGYZSTAN (2005): B5047 | | Multi-party endorsement is not possible, unless parties form a | pre-electoral coalition. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - KYRGYZSTAN (2005): B5052 | | "1. The President of the Kyrgyz Republic shall be elected for a | term of five years. | 2. The same person cannot be elected President of the Kyrgyz | Republic for more than two consecutive terms." (Article 43, The | Constitution of the Kyrgyz Republic.) | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NETHERLANDS (2002): B5047 | | "Candidates can run with the endorsement of more than one party, | but only in different (administrative) districts. A candidate's | name may not appear more than once on a ballot.(In practice, | this never happens.)" | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NEW ZEALAND (2002): B5047 | | See election study note for B5045. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PORTUGAL (2002): B5047 | | Multi-party endorsements not possible, unless the parties run | in a joint list with a common label - pre electoral coalition | - and with several candidates, from the corresponding political | parties that integrate the coalition. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - UNITED STATES (2004): B5047 and B5048 | | "Candidates can be endorsed by more than one party. Multiple | party endorsement are generally rare but do occur in states like | New York with active third parties. Theoretically parties could | withdraw candidates to optimize joint performance. However, this | is rare to non-existent in practice due to the weakness of third | parties." --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B5048 >>> ALLY PARTY SUPPORT --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QII.D.12.D. Can parties withdraw their lists or candidates in some constituencies, urging their supporters there to vote for an ally's list or candidate? .................................................................. 1. YES 5. NO 9. MISSING | NOTES: B5048 | | Please also refer to notes for variable B5045. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BULGARIA (2001): B5048 | | Possible but only if done 7 days before elections. Not possible | to transfer votes after the elections. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - FRANCE (2002): B5048 | | "1st round: It is possible that two or more parties support one | candidate representing their alliance; 2nd round: Even if having | passed the threshold candidates can withdraw in favour of an | ally's candidate." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HUNGARY (2002): B5048 | | "Some smaller parties some times agree not to run their own | list/candidates in the election in exchange for having some of | their potential candidates nominated by a bigger party. In 2002, | this arrangement was the basis of an agreement between Fidesz- | MPP and MKDSZ (Hungarian Christian Democratic Alliance)." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NEW ZEALAND (2002): B5048 | | See election study note for B5045. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PORTUGAL (2002): B5048 | | From the Macro Report: "No, at least in the 2002 Parliamentary | Election. However, this is legally possible." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ROMANIA (2004): B5048 | | "There is not any reference to such a situation in the | legislation, so nothing forbids it. However, party lists become | permanent at the beginning of the electoral campaign, and, as a | consequence, they can't be withdrawn. Please note that this | differs from the interpretation in Module 1 where the | corresponding variable (A5041) was coded '5. No'." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SPAIN (2004): B5048 | | No, however, although it is legally possible it has | happened very rarely and with very small parties. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWITZERLAND (2003): B5048 | | No, except sometimes in the second run for the Council of | States (majority system). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - UNITED STATES (2004): B5047 and B5048 | | See election study note for B5047. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B5049 >>> REQUIREMENTS FOR JOINT PARTY LISTS --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QII.D.13.A. If joint lists are possible, are they subject to different regulations than single-party lists? For example higher thresholds, different numbers of candidates that may appear on the list, etc. .................................................................. 1. YES, JOINT PARTY LISTS MUST SATISFY HIGHER THRESHOLDS TO RECEIVE SEATS IN THE LEGISLATURE 2. YES, JOINT PARTY LISTS MAY PRESENT DIFFERENT NUMBERS OF CANDIDATES 3. YES, JOINT PARTY LISTS ARE SUBJECT TO OTHER REGULATIONS THAT ARE DIFFERENT FROM THE REGULATIONS GOVERNING INDEPENDENT PARTIES 5. NO, JOINT PARTIES ARE GOVERNED BY THE SAME RULES AS OTHER PARTIES 9. MISSING 0. NOT APPLICABLE; NO JOINT PARTY LISTS ARE ALLOWED | NOTES: B5049 | | Please also refer to notes for variable B5045. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ALBANIA (2005): B5049 | | Joint party lists or coalitions are subject to 4% threshold | (this applies to the second electoral segment). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BRAZIL (2002): B5049 | | This applies to lower house elections. If district magnitude | is larger or equal to 20, individual parties can present up | to 1.5 candidates for each seat, while joint lists can | present up to 2 candidates for each seat. If district | magnitude is smaller than 20: individual parties can present | up to 2 candidates for each seat, while joint lists can present | up to 2.5 candidates for each seat. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BULGARIA (2001): B5049 | | No special requirements, as long as coalition of parties is | registered as such before the elections are held. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CHILE (2005): B5049 | | Under the binomial system, coalitions cannot present in their | list more than 2 candidates from any member of the coalition. | Thus, coalitions with more than 2 parties -such as the | Concertacion- normally achieve pre-electoral agreements through | which they decide what candidates from which parties will run | in each electoral district. All these agreements take place | before the election. It is not possible to transfer votes, or | something similar, after the elections. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CZECH REPUBLIC (2002): B5049 | | The threshold is 5% higher for coalitions: | 10% for coalition of 2 parties, | 15% for coalition of 3 parties, | 20% for coalition of 4 parties, etc. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HUNGARY (2002): B5049 | | "The threshold is higher (5 percent for a single party, 10 | percent for the joint list of two parties, and so forth)." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - POLAND (2001): B5049 | | Joint party lists or coalitions are subject to 8% threshold. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B5050 >>> TYPES OF APPARENTEMENT AGREEMENTS --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QII.D.14. If apparentement is possible, what lists can participate in such agreements? .................................................................. 1. LISTS OF THE SAME PARTIES IN THE SAME CONSTITUENCY 2. LISTS OF THE SAME PARTY FROM DIFFERENT CONSTITUENCIES 3. LISTS OF DIFFERENT PARTIES IN THE SAME CONSTITUENCY 4. LISTS OF DIFFERENT PARTIES IN DIFFERENT SECONDARY DISTRICTS 9. MISSING 0. NOT APPLICABLE; NO APPARENTEMENT | NOTES: B5050 | | Please also refer to notes for variable B5045. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BELGIUM (2003): B5050 | | See also election study note for B5046. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B5051 >>> MULTI-PARTY ENDORSEMENTS ON BALLOT --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QII.D.15. If candidates can run with the endorsement of more than one party, is this reflected on the ballot? .................................................................. 1. NO 2. NO, PARTY ENDORSEMENTS ARE INDICATED ON THE BALLOT PAPER 3. YES, CANDIDATE'S NAME APPEARS ONCE, TOGETHER WITH THE NAMES OF ALL SUPPORTING PARTIES 4. YES, CANDIDATE'S NAME APPEARS AS MANY TIMES AS THERE ARE DIFFERENT PARTIES ENDORSING HIM/HER, EACH TIME WITH THE NAME OF THE ENDORSING PARTY 5. YES, OTHER [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 9. MISSING 0. NOT APPLICABLE | NOTES: B5051 | | Please also refer to notes for variable B5045. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GREAT BRITAIN (2005): B5051 | | B5051 has been coded as "98. YES, OTHER" for the Great Britain | (2005) study. | | There is a possibility to indicate multiple party labels on | the ballot but it generally does not happen because candidates | normally run with the endorsement of only one party. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NETHERLANDS (2002): B5051 | | "Candidates can run with the endorsement of more than one | party, but only in different (administrative) districts. | A candidate's name may not appear more than once on a ballot. | (In practice, this never happens.)" | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PHILIPPINES (2004): B5051 | | B5051 has been coded as "98. YES, OTHER" for the Philippines | (2004) study. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PORTUGAL (2002): B5051 | | No, unless parties form a pre electoral coalition. See notes | for B5045 and B5047. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B5052 >>> HEAD OF STATE --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QIII.A.1. Who is the head of state? .................................................................. 1. PRESIDENT 2. MONARCH SERVES AS CEREMONIAL HEAD OF STATE 3. PRIME MINISTER 4. OTHER 9. MISSING | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - AUSTRALIA (2004): B5052 | | "Queen Elizabeth is the 'symbolic' head of state of Australia; | however, the Governor- General, who is appointed by the Queen | (on the recommendation of the Prime Minister) is the | constitutional head of state." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CANADA (2004): B5052 | | "The British Monarch is officially Canada's head of state. | She is represented in Canada by the Governor-General. While | the Governor-General possesses certain statutory and | prerogative powers, her role is largely ceremonial." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CHILE (2005): B5052 | | Head of State is president. President Michelle Bachelet won | the 2006 presidential election in a runoff held on January 15, | 2006. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - DENMARK (2001): B5052 | | Denmark's present sovereign is Queen Margrethe II (b.1940). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - FRANCE (2002): B5052-B5059 | | President; elected for 5 year term, directly by the People. | Jacques Chirac was re-elected in 2002 elections. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HONG KONG (2004): B5052 | | Hong Kong is a Special Administrative Region of China, so the | President of China is the Head of State. Because of the "one | country, two systems" principle, Hong Kong has enjoyed high | autonomy in handling domestic affairs and has a local political | system which is different from the mainland China. In view of | the fact that this election study is only confined to Hong Kong, | the information on the head of state (B5065-B5075) of the PRC is | therefore not reported here. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ISRAEL (2003): B5052 | | President: Moshe Katzav (2000), Likud. The president is elected | for a five year term by the parliament. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ITALY (2006): B5052 | | The president is elected by an electoral college consisting | of both houses of parliament and 58 regional representatives | (3 for every region, except only 1 for Valle D'Aosta). Votes | are cast using secret ballots; a 2/3 majority is required in | the first three rounds; later rounds require a simple majority. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - MEXICO (2003): B5052 | | The president is elected for a six year term by the people, and | cannot be re-elected for another term. The current Mexican | president is Vicente Fox Quesada (PAN) - Alianza por | cambio-Partido Acción Nacional. He was elected on July 2, 2000, | obtaining 42.5% of the total vote. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PORTUGAL (2002): B5052 | | Head of State is president. President Jorge Sampaio, was elected | for a first term in 1996 and for a second term in 2001. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWITZERLAND (2003): B5052 | | "The President of the Federal Council is both, Head of | the State and of the government, the latter as primus | inter pares." The 'President of the Confederation' is | elected for a year term by the parliament out of the | ministers (the Federal Council). Each year one of the | 7 federal councilors (Bundesräte) is elected Head of | State. Federal President: Joseph Deiss (2004) CVP. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B5053 >>> HEAD OF STATE - SELECTION --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QIIIA.2. How is the head of state selected? .................................................................. 1. DIRECT ELECTION 2. INDIRECT ELECTION 3. BIRTH RIGHT 4. DIVINE RIGHT 5. OTHER [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 9. MISSING | NOTES: B5053 | | Also see notes for variable B5052 | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CANADA (2004): B5053 | | B5053 has been coded as "5. OTHER" for the Canada (2004) study. | | "The Governor-General is chosen by the British Monarch on | the advice of the Prime Minister of Canada." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - FINLAND (2003): B5053 | | According to the Finnish Constitution the President of the | Republic is elected by a direct vote for a term of six years. | The President has to be a native-born Finnish citizen. The | same person may be elected President for no more than two | consecutive terms of office. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HONG KONG (2004): B5053 | | B5053 has been coded as "5. OTHER" for the Hong Kong (2004) | study. For the reason, please see the Hong Kong (2004) election | study note for B5052. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWITZERLAND (2003): B5053 | | De facto according to the length of service/seniority. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B5054 >>> HEAD OF STATE - PROCESS IF DIRECT ELECTION -------------------------------------------------------------------------- QIII.A.2a. If by direct election, by what process? .................................................................. 1. PLURALITY ELECTION 2. RUN-OFF OR TWO-BALLOT SYSTEM 3. OTHER [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 9. MISSING 0. NOT APPLICABLE; HEAD OF STATE NOT SELECTED BY DIRECT ELECTION | NOTES: B5054 | | Also see notes for variable B5052 | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - FINLAND (2003): B5054 | | If one of the candidates receives more than half of the | (approved) votes cast in the election, he/she is elected | President. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - IRELAND (2002): B5054 | | Alternative vote. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PORTUGAL (2002): B5054 | | Election of the president: | "1. The candidate who obtains more than half the votes validly | cast shall be elected President of the Republic. Blank ballot | papers shall not be considered to be validly cast. | 2. If none of the candidates obtains that proportion of the | votes, a second ballot shall be held until the 21st day after | the date of the first ballot. | 3. In a second ballot, only the two candidates who have obtained | the most votes and have not withdrawn shall stand for election." | (Constitution, 4th revision 1997, Article 126.) --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B5055 >>> HEAD OF STATE - 1ST ROUND VICTORY --------------------------------------------------------------------------- If by run-off system, what is the threshold for first-round victory? .................................................................. 1. ABSOLUTE MAJORITY 2. OTHER 9. MISSING 0. NOT APPLICABLE; HEAD OF STATE NOT SELECTED BY RUN-OFF ELECTION; NOT ELECTED DIRECTLY | NOTES: B5055 | | Also see notes for variable B5052. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BULGARIA (2001): B5055 | | Elections are valid when more than half of the citizens eligible | to vote have participated in the elections. To win, the | candidate needs to collect more than half of the votes | nation-wide. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - FINLAND (2003): B5055 | | The candidate receiving most votes in the second round of the | election is elected President. If only one candidate is | nominated, he/she is appointed President without an election. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - KYRGYZSTAN (2005): B5055-B5057 | | "4. The election of the President of the Kyrgyz Republic is | considered valid if more than fifty per cent of all voters in | the republic shall have taken part in the elections. | In the first ballot, a candidate is considered elected to the | office of the President if he/she obtains more than a half of | the votes of voters who have taken part in the elections. | If no candidate receives more than half of the votes cast in the | first ballot, only the two candidates who received the most | votes shall appear on the second ballot. In the second ballot, a | candidate who receives more than half of the votes cast shall be | considered elected if not less than fifty per cent of all voters | participate." (Article 44, The Constitution of the Kyrgyz | Republic.) | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - POLAND (2001): B5055 | | "A candidate who has received more than half of the valid | votes shall be considered elected President of the Republic. | If none of the candidates has received the required majority | of votes, then a repeat ballot shall be held on the 14th day | after the first vote." Polish Constitution, Ch. 5, Article | 127. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - RUSSIA (2004): B5055-B5057 | | Under the majoritarian run-off rules, the two most competitive | candidates contest in a second round, provided that the most | popular candidate has received more votes than are cast in the | "against all" category. | | In the second round, the leading candidate must attain more | votes than are cast in the "against all" category in order to | be elected. | | If, as was the case in 2000 and 2004, a candidate wins more | than 50% of the vote in the first round, a second round is not | held. | | A second round is held only if one candidate does not emerge | with over 50 percent of the vote. When a second round is held, | the victor has to beat not only the other frontrunner, but also | the "against all candidates" vote. Owing to this "against all | candidates" choice, B5057 is coded as 3 (others) although the | Russian system basically requires simple majority. In 2000 and | 2004 there were no need for a second round since Putin received | over 50 percent of the vote in both elections. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B5056 >>> HEAD OF STATE - ADVANCE TO 2ND ROUND --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QIII.A.2a1. If by run-off system, what is the threshold to advance to second round? .................................................................. 1. TWO CANDIDATES WITH THE HIGHEST VOTE TOTALS ADVANCE TO THE SECOND ROUND 2. THREE OR MORE CANDIDATES WITH THE HIGHEST VOTE TOTALS ADVANCE TO THE SECOND ROUND 3. ALL CANDIDATES PROCEED, IF NONE WITH ABSOLUTE MAJORITY 4. ANY CANDIDATE WITH CERTAIN PERCENT OF THE POPULAR VOTE ADVANCES TO THE SECOND ROUND [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 5. OTHER [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 9. MISSING 0. NOT APPLICABLE; HEAD OF STATE NOT SELECTED BY RUN-OFF ELECTION/NOT ELECTED DIRECTLY | NOTES: B5056 | | Also see notes for variable B5052. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - KYRGYZSTAN (2005): B5055-B5057 | | See election study note for B5055. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PORTUGAL (2002): B5056 | | See election study note for B5054. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - RUSSIA (2004): B5055-B5057 | | See election study note for B5055. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B5057 >>> HEAD OF STATE - 2ND ROUND VICTORY --------------------------------------------------------------------------- If by run-off system, what is the threshold for victory in the second round? .................................................................. 1. SIMPLE MAJORITY 2. ABSOLUTE MAJORITY 3. OTHER [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 9. MISSING 0. NOT APPLICABLE; HEAD OF STATE NOT ELECTED BY RUN-OFF ELECTION/NOT ELECTED DIRECTLY | NOTES: B5057 | | Also see notes for variable B5054. Note that if B5056=1, | simple majority is also the absolute majority. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - KYRGYZSTAN (2005): B5055-B5057 | | See election study note for B5055. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - RUSSIA (2004): B5055-B5057 | | See election study note for B5055. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B5058_1 >>> YEAR OF PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION - BEFORE B5058_2 >>> YEAR OF PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION - AFTER --------------------------------------------------------------------------- If the presidential election was not held concurrently with the legislative election, the year of the presidential election prior to this [after this] legislative election is: .................................................................. 2001-2011. YEAR 9999. MISSING 0000. NOT APPLICABLE; HEAD OF STATE ELECTIONS HELD CONCURRENTLY | NOTES: B5058 | | Also see notes for variable B5052. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BULGARIA (2001): B5058_1 | | First round: 27 October 1996; Second round: 3 November 1996. | Elected: Petar Stoyanov (SDS/UDF). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BULGARIA (2001): B5058_2 | | First Round: 11 November 2001; Second Round: 18 November 2001. | Winner: Georgi Parvanov (BSP). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - FINLAND (2003): B5058_1 | | Tarja Halonen was elected President in 2000. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - FINLAND (2003): B5058_2 | | The next presidential elections will be held in 2006. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - FRANCE (2002): B5058_1 | | The previous presidential election was held in 1995. The winner | in the second round was Jacques Chirac (RPR) with 52.6% of the | vote cast. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - FRANCE (2002): B5058_2 | | Next presidential elections will be held in 2007. The | presidential term was 7 years until it was changed to 5 years | term, in October 2000. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ICELAND (2003): B5058_1 | | Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson was elected President in 1996. He was | re-elected in 2000 without any election, as there was no other | candidate. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ICELAND (2003): B5058_2 | | Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson was elected President on June 26, 2004 | (85.6% of the vote). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - IRELAND (2002): B5058_1 | | Mary McAleese was elected in 1997, obtaining 45.24% of the | first-preference votes.. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - IRELAND (2002): B5058_2 | | Mary McAleese was re-elected in 2004 in an uncontested election. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PERU (2006): B5058_1 | | On June 3, 2001, Alejandro Toledo Manrique from the party Peru | Possible was elected President in a second round election with | 53.1% of vote, for a five year term. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - POLAND (2001): B5058_1 | | Aleksander Kwasniewski (SLD) won the Presidential Elections of | October 9, 2000. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SOUTH KOREA (2004): B5058_1 | | On December 19, 2002, Roh Moo-hyun from the Uri Dang party was | elected President, with 49.0% of vote, for a five year term. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - TAIWAN (2001 and 2004): B5058_1 | | Presidential elections of March 23, 2000 were won by Chen | Shui-Bian (DPP) with 39.3% of the vote. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - TAIWAN (2001 and 2004): B5058_2 | | Presidential elections of March 20, 2004 were won by Chen | Shui-Bian (DPP), with 50.1% of the vote. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B5059 >>> PROCESS IF INDIRECT ELECTION --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QIII.A.2b. If by indirect election, by what process? .................................................................. 1. ELECTORAL COLLEGE 2. SELECTION BY THE LEGISLATURE 3. OTHER [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 9. MISSING 0. NOT APPLICABLE; HEAD OF STATE NOT INDIRECTLY ELECTED | NOTES: B5059 | | Also see notes for variable B5052. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GERMANY (2002): B5059 | | By "all Members of the Bundestag and the same number of | electors from the states based on the seat shares in the | state legislatures (called 'Bundesversammlung')". Voting | procedure may include up to three rounds of voting: absolute | majority is required in the first and second round; relative | majority is sufficient in the third round . --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B5060 >>> ELECTORAL COLLEGE - SELECTION OF ELECTORS --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QIII.A.2b.1. If by electoral college, how are electors chosen? .................................................................. 1. [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 9. MISSING 0. NOT APPLICABLE | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - UNITED STATES (2004): B5060 | | "Voters cast their vote for President and Vice-President by | selecting a pair of candidates listed on a single Presidential/ | Vice Presidential ticket. This vote selects slates of electors | to serve in the Electoral College. In forty-eight of the fifty | states and the District of Columbia, the list of electors that | gets a majority of all votes wins the state and all the electors | are from the winning ticket. Maine and Nebraska allow the | possibility for the state electors to be split." --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B5061 >>> ELECTORAL COLLEGE - DELIBERATES --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QIII.A.2b.2. Does the electoral college deliberate? .................................................................. 1. YES 5. NO 9. MISSING 0. NOT APPLICABLE; HEAD OF STATE NOT INDIRECTLY ELECTED --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B5062 >>> ELECTORAL COLLEGE - VOTING PROCEDURE --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QIII.A.2b.3. What is the voting procedure used by the electoral college? .................................................................. 1. [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 9. MISSING 0. NOT APPLICABLE | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - UNITED STATES (2004): B5062 | | "Absolute majority. If a majority is not reached then the | election is decided by the House of Representatives." --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B5063 >>> IF BY LEGISLATURE - WHAT CHAMBER(S) --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QIII.A.2b.4a. If by the legislature, by which chamber(s) of the legislature? .................................................................. 1. LOWER CHAMBER 2. UPPER CHAMBER 3. BOTH CHAMBERS 9. MISSING 0. NOT APPLICABLE; HEAD OF STATE NOT INDIRECTLY ELECTED | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CZECH REPUBLIC (2002): B5063-B5064 | | The Head of State is elected by members of both legislative | chambers. The vote can either be public or secret, but generally | it is secret. A candidate who receives a simple majority of all | votes from all the MPs and Senators (at least 101 votes of MPs | and 41 Senators) is elected in the first round. If no candidate | is elected, a candidate who receives most votes in the Chamber | of Deputies and a candidate who receives most votes in the | Senate proceed to the second round. A candidate who receives a | simple majority of all the MPs present and a simple majority of | all the Senators present (their votes are calculated separately) | is elected in the second round. If no candidate is elected, | there is a third vote; in the third vote a candidate who | receives a simple majority of the votes of all the MPs and | Senators present (taken together) is elected the President. | This election mechanism makes it possible not to elect any of | the candidates in the event that a greater number of voters opt | to abstain from the vote, which increases the quorum (the number | of votes needed for an election). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HUNGARY (2002): B5063-B5064 | | "The selection is by the one and only chamber of parliament. | Legislators can make up to three attempts to elect president. | In the first and second rounds, the threshold of victory is | a two-thirds majority; in the third round an absolute majority | is required. There is a new round of nomination for each round | of voting." --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B5064 >>> IF BY LEGISLATURE - VOTING PROCEDURE --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QIII.A.2b.4b. If by the legislature, what is the voting procedure used? .................................................................. 1. BY SIMPLE MAJORITY 2. [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 9. MISSING 0. NOT APPLICABLE; HEAD OF STATE NOT INDIRECTLY ELECTED | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ALBANIA (2005): B5064 | | The Albanian Parliament (Kuvendi) is unicameral. The president | is elected with a 3/5 majority of all members of the parliament. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CZECH REPUBLIC (2002): B5063-B5064 | | See election study note for B5063. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HUNGARY (2002): B5063-B5064 | | See election study note for B5063. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWITZERLAND (2003): B5064 | | The 'President of the Confederation' is elected by the | parliament from the seven ministers that are members of the | Federal Council. The election is de facto based on seniority. | The President of the Confederation is elected for a one year | term. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - UNITED STATES (2004): B5064 | | "If no candidate receives an absolute majority then the House of | Representatives chooses between the candidates with the top | three vote totals in the Electoral College. Each state has one | vote in the House and the president is chosen by absolute | majority." --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B5065 >>> HEAD OF STATE - INTRODUCE LEGISLATION --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QIII.A.3a. Does the head of state have power to introduce legislation? .................................................................. 1. YES 5. NO 9. MISSING | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - AUSTRALIA (2004): B5065 | | "Although the Australian constitution gives considerable | legislative and executive power to the Governor-General (e.g., | to dissolve parliament, or refuse its laws, dismiss ministers, | and as commander in chief of the armed forces), by convention he | acts on advice of the Prime Minister." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - UNITED STATES (2004): B5065 | | 'De facto yes and the US Constitution specifies that the | President may propose that Congress consider specific "pieces of | legislation". However, legislation must officially be introduced | to Congress by a member of Congress.' --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B5066 >>> HEAD OF STATE - EXPEDITED ACTION --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QIII.A.3b. Does the Head of State have power to require expedited action on specific legislation? (i.e., set a deadline by which the legislature is required to act on the bill)? .................................................................. 1. YES [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 5. NO 9. MISSING | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HUNGARY (2002): B5066 | | "Parliament is obliged to treat presidential bills like any | others - except that it is obliged to deliberate on it." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PHILIPPINES (2004): B5066 | | The President can identify priority legislation but it still | needs the approval of Congress. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B5067 >>> HEAD OF STATE - PACKAGE VETO --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QIII.A.3c. Does the Head of State have package veto powers? If yes, what is the requirement to override the veto? .................................................................. 1. YES [SEE VARIABLE NOTES FOR THE OVERRIDE REQUIREMENTS] 5. NO 9. MISSING | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BRAZIL (2002): B5067-B5068 | | If the President of the Republic considers the project, in all | or part, unconstitutional or contrary to the public interest, | she/he will veto it partially or total, in the stated period of | fifteen working days, counted of the date of the act of | receiving. The veto will be appreciated in joint session for | federal deputies and senators, inside of thirty days to count of | its act of receiving, only being able to be rejected by the vote | of the absolute majority of the deputies and senators, in secret | vote. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BULGARIA (2001): B5067-B5068 | | The president possesses both partial and package veto. S/He | may return twice (the second time needs to be a motivated veto) | a legislation partially or entirely to the National Assembly | for further debating. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CHILE (2005): B5067-B5068 | | The president has both package and partial veto. After vetoing | a legislative initiative he/she can turn it back to Congress | with observations. If both chambers (Deputies and Senate) | approve the modified project it becomes law. However, the veto | can be overridden if both chambers reject the observations by a | 2/3 majority vote of all present members. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CZECH REPUBLIC (2002): B5067 | | The requirement to override the veto is the majority of all | MPs in the Chamber of Deputies to vote for the legislation. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - FINLAND (2003): B5067 | | Parliament may immediately override the veto of the president. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HUNGARY (2002): B5067 | | "The requirement to override the veto is: Repeated | deliberation in Parliament is required after a presidential | veto, but the same majority as before is enough to override | the president's veto through a second vote." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ITALY (2006): B5067 | | Parliament may immediately override the veto of the president, | just by resubmitting the proposal. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - MEXICO (2003): B5067 | | "The requirement to override the veto is the vote against | the veto in both cameras with qualified majority (two third | of votes in each one)." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NEW ZEALAND (2002): B5067 | | "No in practice, except in an extreme situation where the | Governor-General might use reserve powers to refuse to | approve undemocratic legislation." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PHILIPPINES (2004): B5067 | | The requirement to override the veto is two-thirds vote of | both Houses of Congress. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - POLAND (2001): B5067 | | President's veto can be overridden if the bill is "repassed | by the Sejm by a three-fifths majority vote in the presence | of at least half of the statutory number of Deputies". | (Constitution, Article 122). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PORTUGAL (2002 and 2005): B5067 | | From the Macro Report: "When veto is exercised over | parliamentary legislation, it can be overridden by a majority of | all legislators (unless the vetoed law is "organic" or concerns | issues listed in article 136. of the Constitution: in those | cases, veto override requires a 2/3 vote in parliament). When | veto is exercised over governmental decrees, it cannot be | overridden." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ROMANIA (2004): B5067 | | The president may ask the parliament to 're-examine' the | legislation project. He/she is allowed to do it only once for a | single project. In order to override the presidential veto, the | parliament has to re-pass the project with the majority of votes. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SOUTH KOREA (2004): B5067-B5068 | | At least a half of members of the legislature must be present | and at least 2/3 of them must vote for the legislation. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - UNITED STATES (2004): B5067 | | "Two thirds majority in both the House and Senate." --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B5068 >>> HEAD OF STATE - PARTIAL VETO --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QIII.A.3d. Does the Head of State have partial veto powers? If yes, what is the requirement to override the veto? .................................................................. 1. YES [SEE VARIABLE NOTES FOR THE OVERRIDE REQUIREMENTS] 5. NO 9. MISSING | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BRAZIL (2002): B5067-B5068 | | See election study note for B5067. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BULGARIA (2001): B5067-B5068 | | See election study note for B5067. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CHILE (2005): B5067-B5068 | | See election study note for B5067. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PHILIPPINES (2004): B5068 | | As a general rule, if the President disapproves the provision | in a bill approved by Congress, she/he should veto the entire | bill. She/he is not allowed to veto separate parts of a bill | while retaining others. It is only in the case of appropriation, | revenue, and tariff bills that he is authorized to exercise | item-veto. The requirement to override this veto is a two- | thirds vote of both Houses of Congress. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SOUTH KOREA (2004): B5067-B5068 | | See election study note for B5067. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B5069 >>> HEAD OF STATE - LEGISLATE BY DECREE --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QIII.A.3e. Does the Head of State have power to issue decrees with the power of law? (to legislate by decree?) .................................................................. 1. YES [SEE VARIABLE NOTES FOR POSSIBLE RESTRICTIONS] 5. NO 9. MISSING | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - MEXICO (2003): B5069 | | "The right to introduce laws or decrees belongs [...] To | the President of the Republic". (Constitution, 71.I). "The | Mexican President has faculties to legislate by decree, but | they are very limited. The Mexican Constitution in its 71st | and 72nd articles specifies that the President can initiate | a decree and then it has to pass through both of the chambers. | In practice the president can promote decrees without the | intervention of chambers exclusively for individual and | concrete acts." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PHILIPPINES (2004): B5069 | | Via executive orders. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B5070 >>> HEAD OF STATE - EMERGENCY POWERS --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QIII.A.3f. Does the Head of State have emergency powers? .................................................................. 1. YES [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 5. NO 9. MISSING | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CANADA (2004): B5070 | | "Yes, but have very rarely been used." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CHILE (2005): B5070 | | The president can issue decree but with certain restrictions. | He or she can do so, but with the authorization of congress and | the decrees cannot be related to issues about nationality, | citizenship, elections, referenda, constitutional guaranties or | object of constitutional law or which approval requires | qualified quorum in congress. They cannot either relate to norm | which affect the organization and attribution of the Judiciary, | the National Congress, the Constitutional Tribune, or the | Contraloria General of the Republic. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - DENMARK (2001): B5070 | | "In an emergency the King may, when the Folketing cannot | assemble, issue provisional laws, provided that they shall | not be at variance with the Constitutional Act, and that | they shall always, immediately on the assembling of the | Folketing, be submitted to it for approval or rejection." | (The Constitutional Act of Denmark, § 23). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - MEXICO (2003): B5070 | | "The President has very limited emergency powers. The 29th | article of the Mexican Constitution establishes the conditions | and restrictions on the emergency powers of the President. The | restrictions are primarily that the President needs approval of | the following actors: all the cabinet (including the General | Attorney), the Mayor of Mexico City (now directly elected), and | Congress." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PORTUGAL (2002): B5070 | | From the Macro Report: "The President does not have, on his/her | own, "emergency powers". Those belong to the cabinet, who has | the competence of "executing" the all measures allowed by a | state of siege or emergency, under the constraints posed by the | Constitution: respect for the principle of proportionality, | based on properly substantiated grounds, no more than 15 days - | renewable - (or for period specified by law in case of war), in | no case affecting the rights to life, personal integrity and | identity, civil capacity, and citizenship, of the person, the | non-retroactivity of criminal law, the defence rights of accused | persons and the freedom of conscience and religion, nor the | enforcement of the constitutional provisions with respect to | the powers and operation of the organs with supreme authority | and the organs of self-government of the autonomous regions, | nor the rights and immunities of their members. However, it | is the President who declares the state of emergency, after | consulting the government and subject to approval of | parliament by absolute majority." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SLOVENIA (2004): B5070 | | "When the parliament is unable to convene due to a state of | emergency or war the President may, on the proposal of the | Government, issue decrees with legal effect. However, the | President must submit such decrees to the parliament for | its confirmation immediately when it next convenes." --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B5071 >>> HEAD OF STATE - NEGOTIATE AGREEMENTS --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QIII.A.3g. Does the Head of State have power to negotiate treaties and international agreements? If yes, what other requirements are there for approval of treaties and international agreements negotiated by the head of state? .................................................................. 1. YES [SEE VARIABLE NOTES FOR ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS] 5. NO 9. MISSING | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BRAZIL (2002): B5071 | | The President can negotiate treaties, but they are subject | to legislative approval. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CZECH REPUBLIC (2002): B5071 | | International agreements negotiated by the President must be | approved by parliament. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - FINLAND (2003): B5071 | | President leads Finnish foreign policy in co-operation with the | government. Negotiating treaties is the task of the foreign | minister. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - FRANCE (2002): B5071 | | They have to be ratified by the parliament. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ICELAND (2003): B5071 | | The constitution states that the president negotiates treaties, | but this is entirely formal. The foreign minister negotiates | treaties, and some of them need the approval of the legislature. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - MEXICO (2003): B5071 | | Yes, provided the following additional requirements are met: | with the approval of the Senate and following the normative | principles of the article 89 fraction X of the Mexican | constitution. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PERU (2006): B5071 | | "The President can celebrate or ratify treaties without the | approval of the Congress if they are about issues not concerning | to: human rights, sovereignty or integrity of State, national | defense, financial obligations of the State". | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PHILIPPINES (2004): B5071 | | The President can negotiate treaties and international | agreements but it will only be valid or effective with the | two-thirds (2/3) concurrence of all the members of the Senate of | the Philippines (Article VII Section 21). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ROMANIA (2004): B5071 | | International agreements negotiated by the president must be | approved by the parliament. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - TAIWAN (2004): B5071 | | The Head of State can negotiate treaties and international | agreements but to do so that person needs the approval of the | cabinet meeting and the passage of the Legislative Yuan. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - UNITED STATES (2004): B5071 | | "Two thirds approval of the Senate." --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B5072 >>> HEAD OF STATE - COMMANDER OF FORCES --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QIII.A.3h. Does the Head of State have power as commander of the armed forces? .................................................................. 1. YES [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 5. NO 9. MISSING | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GREAT BRITAIN (2005): B5072 | | Even though in Great Britain the head of state is the honorary | leader/commanding officer of some of the elements of the armed | forces, technically the armed forces answer to the minister of | defense, who in turn is answerable to parliament. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B5073 >>> HEAD OF STATE - INTRODUCE REFERENDA --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QIII.A.3i. Does the head of State have power to introduce referenda or plebiscites? If yes, under what conditions? .................................................................. 1. YES [SEE VARIABLE NOTES FOR CONDITIONS] 5. NO 9. MISSING | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CHILE (2005): B5073 | | Formally the president is not the commander of the armed forces, | although the commander in chief depends directly from the | president and can be removed by him or her. Also, according to | the constitution, in case of war the president assumes this | position also. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CHILE (2005): B5073 | | In addition to its normal legislative functions (approval of | laws) the senate has several special attributions. Among them: | a) Approve the designation of appointments made the president of | the republic of high-rank governmental members (such as | judiciary and central bank functionaries); b) resolve the | admissibility of judicial charges against state ministers which | are perceived to cause unjust perjuries; c) Rehabilitate | citizen status to those who have lost it; and many others. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ICELAND (2003): B5073 | | The constitution states that if the president refuses to | countersign a bill, it nevertheless becomes law, but the new law | shall go to a referendum. The president used this right for the | first time in 2004. The government withdrew the law, and no | referendum was held. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PORTUGAL (2002 and 2005): B5073 | | From the Macro Report: "On the proposal of the cabinet or | parliament." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ROMANIA (2004): B5073 | | Only after consulting the parliament. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B5074 >>> HEAD OF STATE - REFER LEGISLATION TO JUDICIARY --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QIII.A.3j. Does the Head of State have the power to refer legislation to the judicial branch for review of constitutionality? .................................................................. 1. YES [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 5. NO 9. MISSING | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ROMANIA (2004): B5074 | | However, the president has to convene the parliament if state of | emergency or state of siege are declared. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B5075 >>> HEAD OF STATE - LEGISLATIVE SESSIONS --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QIII.A.3k. Does the Head of State have power to convene special legislative sessions? .................................................................. 1. YES [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 5. NO 9. MISSING | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - MEXICO (2003): B5075 | | The President can "convoke the Congress in extraordinary session | when the Permanent Committee so resolves." (Constitution, | Article 89/XI). "Extraordinary sessions of the Congress are | called by the Permanent Commission of Congress. According to the | 89th article, fraction IX of the Mexican Constitution, the | president can call to an extraordinary session, but only with | prior approval of the Permanent Commission." --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B5080 >>> HEAD OF GOVERNMENT --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Who is the Head of Government? .................................................................. 1. PRESIDENT 2. PRIME MINISTER (OR EQUIVALENT) 3. OTHER 9. MISSING | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HONG KONG (2004): B5080 | | The Chief Executive is the head of the Hong Kong Special | Administrative Region Government. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NEW ZEALAND (2002): B5080 | | Prime Minister: Rt Hon Helen Clark. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PORTUGAL (2002): B5080 | | Prime Minister: José Manuel Durão Barroso (PSD), since 2002. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWITZERLAND (2003): B5080 | | The 'President of the Confederation' is elected by the Federal | Council, a position which rotates annually. The Federal Council | is elected by the United Federal Assembly (the two chambers of | parliament jointly) after each general election to the National | Council. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - TAIWAN (2004): B5080 | | The head of government is the Premier (President of the | Executive Yuan). --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B5081 >>> HEAD OF GOVERNMENT - ELECTED INDEPENDENTLY --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QIII.B.4. Is the Head of Government elected independently of the legislature? .................................................................. 1. YES 5. NO 9. MISSING | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - KYRGYZSTAN (2005): B5081 | | "The President appoints the Prime-Minister of the Kyrgyz | Republic after the agreement of the Zhogorku Kenesh of the | Kyrgyz Republic, the President also appoints the government | members of the Kyrgyz Republic after the proposal of the Prime- | Minister of the Kyrgyz Republic and after the agreement of the | Zhogorku Kenesh of the Kyrgyz Republic; at the basis of the | proposal of the Prime-Minister of the Kyrgyz Republic the | President appoints the heads of administrative offices and | relieves them from their posts." (from the Macro Report) --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B5082 >>> HEAD OF GOVERNMENT - IS THE HEAD OF STATE --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QIII.B.4.a. Is the Head of Government also the Head of State? .................................................................. 1. YES 5. NO 9. MISSING | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWITZERLAND (2003): B5082 | | "Yes and No: Head of Government is elected out of 7 federal | councilors (Bundesräte), each year one of them is elected | Head of State." --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B5083 >>> HEAD OF GOVERNMENT - SELECTION METHOD (IF NOT INDEPENDENT OF LEGISLATURE) --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QIII.B.4.b. If the Head of Government is not elected independently of the legislature, how is the Head of Government selected? .................................................................. 1. APPOINTED BY THE HEAD OF STATE ALONE 2. APPOINTED BY THE LEGISLATURE ALONE 3. NOMINATED BY THE HEAD OF STATE, AND APPROVED BY THE LEGISLATURE 4. NOMINATED BY THE LEGISLATURE, AND APPROVED BY THE HEAD OF STATE 5. DIRECTLY ELECTED 6. OTHER [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 9. MISSING 0. NOT APPLICABLE; THE HEAD OF GOVERNMENT IS NOT A PRIME MINISTER | NOTES: B5083 | | Also see notes for variable B5080 | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - AUSTRALIA (2004): B5083 | | By convention, the Prime Minister is the leader of the party | with a majority of the seats in the House of Representatives; | that person and other ministers are formally "commissioned" | by the Governor-General under Section 64 of the Constitution. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BULGARIA (2001): B5083 | | "The candidate for a prime minister is suggested to the | President by the biggest parliamentary group (i.e. | party/coalition with the greatest number of mandates in the | parliament after the parliamentary elections are held). The | President introduces the candidate to the National Assembly | for approval. After that the new Prime Minister nominates | the ministers and assigns portfolios." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - DENMARK (2001): B5083 | | Formally the government is appointed by the monarch. ("The King | shall appoint and dismiss the Prime Minister" and the other | Ministers.", The Constitutional Act of Denmark, § 14). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GERMANY (2002): B5083 | | If the candidate is not approved, parliament can nominate a | different candidate. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HONG KONG (2004): B5083 | | CSES Code 6. Other [See Variable Notes]: The Chief Executive of | the HKSAR is elected by the Election Committee (electoral | college). The current Election Committee comprises four sectors | and each sector returns 200 members by means of either elections | (with restricted franchise) or nominations, except the | ex-officio members. The total membership is 800 and the | breakdown is as follows: a) 664 members returned by 35 | sub-sectors covering business, professional, labour and social | welfare groups as well as district organizations; b) 40 members | nominated by the religious sub-sector; and c) 96 ex-officio | members (Hong Kong deputies to the National People's Congress | and Legislative Council members). Each member can cast one vote | in any round of voting. The candidate who has obtained more than | half of the total number of valid votes cast in any round of | voting is regarded as duly elected. If no candidate obtains more | than half of the total number of valid votes, another round of | voting shall be conducted for the two candidates who have | obtained the highest and the next highest valid votes in | previous round of voting. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ICELAND (2003): B5083 | | Formally nominated by the head of state (but actually decided by | the political parties that form a government majority | coalition). The government is not formally approved by the | legislature, but has to resign if a no-confidence motion is | carried in the legislature. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NETHERLANDS (2002): B5083 | | "Appointed by Head of State and countersigned by Prime | Minister." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NEW ZEALAND (2002): B5083 | | "Appointed by the legislature alone as leader of a party that | has the confidence of the House to govern." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NORWAY (2001): B5083 | | "Formally, Head of Government is appointed by the head of | state alone. In reality: Appointed by the legislature alone." --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B5084_1 >>> HEAD OF GOVERNMENT - CABINET - NAME MINISTERS --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QIII.B.5.a. Does the Head of Government have the authority to name ministers and assign portfolios alone? .................................................................. 1. MENTIONED 5. NOT MENTIONED 9. MISSING 0. NOT APPLICABLE | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - MEXICO (2003): B5084_1 | | In Mexican presidential system, it is a power and duty of the | President "To appoint ministers, diplomatic agents, and consuls | general, with the approval of the Senate." (The Constitution, | Article 89/III). Appointment of the Attorney General requires | the approval of the Senate (The Constitution, Article 89 II and | IV). --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B5084_2 >>> HEAD OF GOVERNMENT - CABINET - NOMINATE MINISTERS --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QIII.B.5.b. Does the Head of Government have the authority to nominate ministers for approval by the president? .................................................................. 1. MENTIONED 5. NOT MENTIONED 9. MISSING 0. NOT APPLICABLE | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CZECH REPUBLIC (2002): B5084_2 | | The role of the president in approving the cabinet is formal. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B5084_3 >>> HEAD OF GOVERNMENT - CABINET - REVIEW MINISTERIAL NOMINATIONS --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QIII.B.5.c. Does the Head of Government have the authority to review and approve ministerial nominations made by the president? .................................................................. 1. MENTIONED 5. NOT MENTIONED 9. MISSING 0. NOT APPLICABLE --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B5084_4 >>> HEAD OF GOVERNMENT - CABINET - DISMISS MINISTERS --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QIII.B.5.d. Does the Head of Government have the authority to dismiss ministers and reassign portfolios at own discretion? .................................................................. 1. MENTIONED 5. NOT MENTIONED 9. MISSING 0. NOT APPLICABLE | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CZECH REPUBLIC (2002): B5084_4 | | The President has a formal role in approving the changes in the | cabinet. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ISRAEL (2003): B5084_4 | | "Dismisses ministers and reassigns portfolios at own discretion | but needs the approval of the parliament for that." --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B5084_5 >>> HEAD OF GOVERNMENT - CABINET - OTHER --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QIII.B.5.e. Does the Head of Government have some other authorities over the cabinet (please explain)? .................................................................. 1. MENTIONED [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 5. NOT MENTIONED 9. MISSING 0. NOT APPLICABLE | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BELGIUM (2003): B5084_5 | | "No real authorities, but the head of government is the | negotiator of the cabinet." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BULGARIA (2001): B5084_5 | | Head of Government also assigns/dismisses the vice prime | ministers. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - FRANCE (2002): B5084_5 | | "The prime minister nominates ministers. The president [...] | has to approve them (art. 8)." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HONG KONG (2004): B5084_5 | | The Chief Executive appoints the members of the Executive | Council (ExCo). There are two types of ExCo membership: official | and non-official members. The official members are concurrently | the Principal Officials in the government secretariat who have | policy portfolios, while the non-official members do not have | any specific portfolio. The Principal Officials are nominated by | the Chief Executive and are appointed by the Central People's | Government of China. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HUNGARY (2002): B5084_5 | | "Formally the President appoints and dismisses the ministers, | but the substantive decision is that of the Prime Minister. | The President is strongly expected to act merely as a rubber | stamp." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ICELAND (2003): B5084_5 | | Each party in the government coalition hires and fires its | own ministers. Formally the president appoints and dismisses | ministers on the prime minister's advice. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - KYRGYZSTAN (2005): B5084_5 | | "The Head of Government works out the structure and introduces | it before the Parliament." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NETHERLANDS (2002): B5084_5 | | "Countersigns the appointment of ministers by the Head of | State." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SLOVENIA (2004): B5084_5 | | The PM nominates and dismisses ministers with approval of the | parliament, for which she or he must send a proposal to | parliament. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWITZERLAND (2003): B5084_5 | | "After being (re)elected by the legislature they decide by | consensus and in secret who gets which portfolio. The number | of portfolios is fixed (7)." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - UNITED STATES (2004): B5084_5 | | Presidential appointments require the majority consent of | the senate. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B5085_1 >>> HEAD OF GOVERNMENT - POLICY - CHAIR CABINET MEETINGS --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QIII.B.6.a. If there is a Head of Government, What authority does the Head of Government have over the policy making process? Chairs cabinet meetings? .................................................................. 1. MENTIONED 5. NOT MENTIONED 9. MISSING 0. NOT APPLICABLE --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B5085_2 >>> HEAD OF GOVERNMENT - POLICY - LEGISLATURE SCHEDULES --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QIII.B.6.b. If there is a Head of Government, What authority does the Head of Government have over the policy making process? Determines schedule of issues to be considered by the legislature? .................................................................. 1. MENTIONED 5. NOT MENTIONED 9. MISSING 0. NOT APPLICABLE --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B5085_3 >>> HEAD OF GOVERNMENT - POLICY - POLICY ALTERNATIVES --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QIII.B.6.c. If there is a Head of Government, What authority does the Head of Government have over the policy making process? Determines which alternatives will be voted on by the legislature, and in which order? .................................................................. 1. MENTIONED 5. NOT MENTIONED 9. MISSING 0. NOT APPLICABLE --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B5085_4 >>> HEAD OF GOVERNMENT - POLICY - REFERS POLICY TO COMMITTEE --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QIII.B.6.d. If there is a Head of Government, what authority does the Head of Government have over the policy making process? Refers legislative proposals to party or legislative committees? .................................................................. 1. MENTIONED 5. NOT MENTIONED 9. MISSING 0. NOT APPLICABLE --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B5085_5 >>> HEAD OF GOVERNMENT - POLICY - VOTES OF CONFIDENCE --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QIII.B.6.e. If there is a Head of Government, What authority does the Head of Government have over the policy making process? Calls votes of confidence in government? .................................................................. 1. MENTIONED 5. NOT MENTIONED 9. MISSING 0. NOT APPLICABLE --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B5085_6 >>> HEAD OF GOVERNMENT - POLICY - OTHER --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QIII.B.6.f. If there is a Head of Government, What authority does the Head of Government have over the policy making process? Other (please explain)? .................................................................. 1. MENTIONED [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 5. NOT MENTIONED 9. MISSING 0. NOT APPLICABLE | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BULGARIA (2001): B5085_6 | | Directs/coordinates and is responsible for the overall | government policy. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CZECH REPUBLIC (2002): B5085_6 | | Generally, the head of government is a party leader, and, as | such, has a strong position within the party. The head of | government does not have any other special authority. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HONG KONG (2004): B5085_6 | | The Chief Executive can initiate legislative and budgetary | proposals. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - JAPAN (2004): B5085_6 | | Permits legal action to be taken against Ministers of State. | Countersigns, along with the competent minister, all laws | and cabinet orders. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - KYRGYZSTAN (2005): B5085_6 | | "5. The Prime-Minister of the Kyrgyz Republic in accordance with | the Constitution, laws of the Kyrgyz Republic and decrees of the | President of the Kyrgyz Republic determines the fundamental | directions of the activities of the Pravitel'stvo [Government] | of the Kyrgyz Republic, organizes its work, and is personally | responsible for its activities. (Article 71, The Constitution of | the Kyrgyz Republic.) | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PORTUGAL (2002 and 2005): B5085_6 | | From the Macro Report: "Refers legislation to the judicial | branch for review of constitutionality." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ROMANIA (2004): B5085_6 | | Once nominated by the President, the Prime Minister has to | elaborate a general government program that needs to be | approved (together with the Cabinet as a whole) by the | Parliament. Moreover, the Prime Minister presents reports and | declarations related to the Government's policy in front of the | Senate or Chamber of Deputies. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - UNITED STATES (2004): B5085_6 | | "The US Constitution specifies that the president may propose | that Congress consider specific pieces of legislation | (legislation however must be officially introduced to Congress | by a member of Congress). The president can also veto | congressional legislation. Congress can override presidential | vetoes with two thirds majority in both the House and the | Senate." --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B5086_1 >>> CABINET DISMISSAL - HEAD OF STATE --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QIII.C.7.a. By what method(s) can the cabinet be dismissed? By the head of state acting alone? .................................................................. 1. MENTIONED: BY HEAD OF STATE ALONE 5. NOT MENTIONED 9. MISSING 0. NOT APPLICABLE; CABINET CANNOT BE DISMISSED --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B5086_2 >>> CABINET DISMISSAL - HEAD OF GOVERNMENT --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QIII.C.7.b. By what method(s) can the cabinet be dismissed? By the prime minister acting alone? .................................................................. 1. MENTIONED: BY HEAD OF GOVERNMENT ALONE 5. NOT MENTIONED 9. MISSING 0. NOT APPLICABLE; CABINET CANNOT BE DISMISSED | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BULGARIA (2001): B5086_2 | | "In case the prime minister resigns." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CANADA (2004): B5086_2 | | "If a Cabinet Minister refuses to step down, the Governor- | General can be advised to have that Minister removed." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HONG KONG (2004): B5086_2 | | The Cabinet (Executive Council) can be dismissed by the | Chief Executive acting alone. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ICELAND (2003): B5086_2 | | Formally the president dissolves the cabinet on the advice | from the prime minister. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ISRAEL (2003): B5086_2 | | "If the P.M. resigns, his resignation applies to the entire | cabinet." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NEW ZEALAND (2002): B5086_2 | | "By the prime minister acting alone. This is technically | possible but could only happen in an extreme situation | and would almost certainly lead to the Prime Minister's | resignation soon afterward." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ROMANIA (2004): B5086_2 | | In case the Prime Minister resigns. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B5086_3 >>> CABINET DISMISSAL - MAJORITY OF LEGISLATURE --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QIII.C.7.c. By what method(s) can the cabinet be dismissed? By majority vote of the legislature where a majority of all legislators is required? .................................................................. 1. MENTIONED: BY MAJORITY VOTE OF THE LEGISLATURE 5. NOT MENTIONED 9. MISSING 0. NOT APPLICABLE; CABINET CANNOT BE DISMISSED --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B5086_4 >>> CABINET DISMISSAL - PLURALITY OF LEGISLATURE --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QIII.C.7.d. By what method(s) can the cabinet be dismissed? By majority vote of the legislature where a majority of those legislators voting is required? .................................................................. 1. MENTIONED: BY MAJORITY VOTE OF THE LEGISLATURE 5. NOT MENTIONED 9. MISSING 0. NOT APPLICABLE; CABINET CANNOT BE DISMISSED | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CANADA (2004): B5086_4 | | "If a Cabinet Minister refuses to step down, the | Governor-General can be advised to have that Minister removed." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GREAT BRITAIN (2005): B5086_4 | | Despite the fact that the prime minister appoints the cabinet, | the cabinet is collectively answerable to parliament, thus | this response is coded affirmatively. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NEW ZEALAND (2002): B5086_4 | | "By majority vote of the legislature where a majority of those | legislators voting is required - that is, a motion of no | confidence would lead to a resignation of all Ministers." --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B5086_5 >>> CABINET DISMISSAL - COMBINATION --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QIII.C.7.e. By what method(s) can the cabinet be dismissed? By some combination of the above, acting in concert (Please explain)? .................................................................. 1. MENTIONED: SOME COMBINATION OF THE ABOVE 5. NOT MENTIONED 9. MISSING 0. NOT APPLICABLE; CABINET CANNOT BE DISMISSED | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BELGIUM (2003): B5086_5 | | "Government can resign on the prime minister's initiative | and must be ratified by the king." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PERU (2006): B5086_5 | | "The president can change the cabinet (entirely or partially) at | any moment. All motion of censure against the cabinet or one | minister must be presented by no less than 25% of the legal | number of congress man/woman. The motion must be debated and | voted between the 4th and the 10th natural day of its | presentation. Its approval requires the vote of more than a half | of the legal number of members of the Congress (Article 132, | Constitution). If the censure is against the Prime Minister | (President of Council of Ministers) all the cabinet is | dismissed. If the Prime Minister resigns by his own, all the | cabinet is dismissed." --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B5086_6 >>> CABINET DISMISSAL - OTHER --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QIII.C.7.f. By what method(s) can the cabinet be dismissed? Other (Please explain)? .................................................................. 1. MENTIONED: OTHER 5. NOT MENTIONED 9. MISSING 0. NOT APPLICABLE; CABINET CANNOT BE DISMISSED | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - AUSTRALIA (2004): B5086_6 | | "By convention, the Prime Minister appoints/dismisses cabinet | members, and would resign along with his government, if he/she | no longer had the majority support of the House of | Representatives. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - FRANCE (2002): B5086_6 | | Prime Minister can combine the passing of a law with a motion of | censure (Art. 49.3) Art. 44.3 attributes the government the | right to ultimately define the amendments that are being voted | by the National Assembly. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HUNGARY (2002): B5086_6 | | "By the 'Constructive vote of non-confidence': The dismissal of | the government (actually of the Prime Minister, since that is | the only way Parliament can dismiss ministers) is valid only if | at the same time a new Prime Minister is elected by parliament." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ISRAEL (2003): B5086_6 | | "The P.M. can be replaced by a constructive vote of no | confidence." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - KYRGYZSTAN (2005): B5086_6 | | "5. The Assembly of the People's Representatives may express a | no confidence vote to the Prime Minister. A resolution of no | confidence in the Prime Minister shall be adopted by a majority | vote of no fewer than two-thirds of the total number of deputies | of the Assembly of People's Representatives. After an expression | of no confidence in the Prime Minister by the Assembly of | People's Representatives, the President of the Kyrgyz Republic | shall have the right either to announce the resignation of the | Prime Minister or to reject the decision of the Assembly of | People's Representatives. In the event that the Assembly of | People's Representatives expresses no confidence in the Prime | Minister a second time within three months, the President of the | Kyrgyz Republic shall either announce the resignation of the | Prime Minister or dissolve the Assembly of People's | Representatives." | (Article 71, The Constitution of the Kyrgyz Republic). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NEW ZEALAND (2002): B5086_6 | | "Schedules of issues to be considered by Parliament,structure of | legislative voting are matters determined in Cabinet, in which | the Prime minister is 'first among equals'." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PORTUGAL (2002 and 2005): B5086_6 | | From the Macro Report: "Dismissal of cabinet as a whole when | motion of confidence fails to obtain a favourable plurality of | the vote." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ROMANIA (2004): B5086_6 | | If the Prime Minister (1) enters a situation of incompatibility, | (2) loses his/her electoral rights, (3) dies, or (4) hasn't been | able to exercise his/her attributions for 45 days. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SLOVENIA (2004): B5086_6 | | From the Collaborator: | "In Slovenia government stability was ensured with a so-called | constructive vote of no confidence. Accordingly, the PM and | consequently the cabinet can be removed from office during a | legislative term only where the parliament supports a | candidate for new PM with a majority of all votes (meaning that | simultaneous to the removal of the 'old' PM a 'new' one is | elected). Slovenia has in the past experienced three cases of | a constructive vote of no confidence and the result was two | failures while in the third case a new PM was elected - all | cases stem from the first four months of 1992. On the other | hand, the PM may also require the parliament to vote on a | motion of confidence in the Government. This mechanism can | conditionally also lead to cabinet dismissal - if PM does | not receive enough votes." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWITZERLAND (2003): B5086_6 | | "Only if the decision over an entire modification of the federal | constitution (Total revision der Bundesverfassung) is approved | in a referendum (Art. 193 Abs. 3 BV), a new Federal Government | and a new Legislature will be elected before the usual end of | the period of office. There is no other possibility. But it has | never happened in the Swiss history." --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B5087 >>> DISSOLUTION OF LEGISLATURE --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QIII.D.8. Can the legislature be dissolved prior to regularly scheduled elections? .................................................................. 1. YES 5. NO 9. MISSING | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CANADA (2004): B5087 | | "The dissolution can occur at the request of the Prime Minister | or following a vote of "no confidence" in the House of Commons." --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B5087_1 >>> DISSOLUTION OF LEGISLATURE - HEAD OF STATE --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QIII.D.8.a. Can the legislature be dissolved prior to regularly scheduled elections? If yes - By the head of state acting alone? .................................................................. 1. YES, BY HEAD OF STATE ALONE 5. NOT MENTIONED 9. MISSING 0. NOT APPLICABLE; LEGISLATURE CANNOT BE DISMISSED | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - DENMARK (2001): B5087_1 | | "(2) The King may at any time issue writs for a new election, | with the effect that the existing seats shall be vacated upon | a new election, except that writs for an election shall not | be issued after the appointment of a new Ministry until the | Prime Minister has appeared before the Folketing." (The | Constitutional Act of Denmark, § 32). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - KYRGYZSTAN (2005): B5087_1 | | "2. The Jogorku Kenesh of the Kyrgyz Republic may be dissolved | early by the President of the Kyrgyz Republic as the result of a | referendum; in the event of three refusals to approve the | appointment of a Prime Minister of the Kyrgyz Republic or in the | event of another crisis caused by insurmountable differences | between the Jogorku Kenesh of the Kyrgyz Republic and other | branches of state power." (Article 63, The Constitution of the | Kyrgyz Republic). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ROMANIA (2004): B5087_1 | | But only if the Parliament did not give a vote of confidence for | the Government's formation in term of 60 days (since first | asked) and only after having rejected at least two calls for | Government's investiture. The Constitution asks for the | President to consult first with the heads of the two Chambers of | the Parliament and with the leaders of the parliamentary groups. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - TAIWAN (2001): B5087_1 | | "The Prime Minister can ask the President to dissolve the | Congress (the Legislative Yuan) when a vote-of-no-confidence | is passed." The Head of State can dismiss the legislature | only when a vote-of-no-confidence is passed. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B5087_2 >>> DISSOLUTION OF LEGISLATURE - HEAD OF GOVERNMENT --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QIII.D.8.b. Can the legislature be dissolved prior to regularly scheduled elections? If yes - By the prime minister acting alone? .................................................................. 1. YES, BY HEAD OF GOVERNMENT ALONE 5. NOT MENTIONED 9. MISSING 0. NOT APPLICABLE; LEGISLATURE CANNOT BE DISMISSED | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - DENMARK (2001): B5087_2 | | "(3) The Prime Minister shall cause a general election to be | held before the expiration of the period for which the Folketing | has been elected." (The Constitutional Act of Denmark, § 32). | | The Prime Minister must call an election if the government | receives a vote of no confidence in the Folketing. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ICELAND (2003): B5087_2 | | Formally the president dissolves the legislature, but in | practice on advice from the prime minister. When a coalition is | formed, sometimes it is agreed that the prime minister will only | dissolve the legislature with the consent of all coalition | partners. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ISRAEL (2003): B5087_2 | | "The P.M. can dissolve the parliament, only if the president | gives his consent." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NEW ZEALAND (2002): B5087_2 | | "By the prime minister acting alone - An early election can be | called by the Prime Minister, but normally with the agreement of | senior party colleagues and the Governor-General." --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B5087_3 >>> DISSOLUTION OF LEGISLATURE - MAJORITY OF LEGISLATURE --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QIII.D.8.c. Can the legislature be dissolved prior to regularly scheduled elections? If yes - By majority vote of the legislature? .................................................................. 1. YES, BY MAJORITY VOTE OF THE LEGISLATURE 5. NOT MENTIONED 9. MISSING 0. NOT APPLICABLE; LEGISLATURE CANNOT BE DISMISSED | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BULGARIA (2001): B5087_3 | | "In case the cabinet is dismissed due to vote of mistrust, the | President invites the second biggest parliamentary group to make | a cabinet within 7 days. Failing that, the President invites the | next parliamentary group. Failing that, the Presidents assigns a | cabinet at his/her discretion and at the same time announces | the date for the next parliamentary elections (no later than two | months)'". | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - KYRGYZSTAN (2005): B5087_3 | | "1. The Jogorku Kenesh of the Kyrgyz Republic may be dissolved | early by a decision on self-dissolution adopted by a majority | vote of no fewer than two-thirds of the total number of deputies | of the Jogorku Kenesh of the Kyrgyz Republic." (Article 63, The | Constitution of the Kyrgyz Republic). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NEW ZEALAND (2002): B5087_3 | | "By majority vote of the legislature. A motion of no confidence | in the government would lead to an early election, unless a new | government could be formed that could gain the confidence of | the House." --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B5087_4 >>> DISSOLUTION OF LEGISLATURE - COMBINATION --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QIII.D.8.d. Can the legislature be dissolved prior to regularly scheduled elections? If yes - By some combination of the above, acting in concert (Please explain)? .................................................................. 1. YES, BY SOME COMBINATION OF THE ABOVE 5. NOT MENTIONED 9. MISSING 0. NOT APPLICABLE; LEGISLATURE CANNOT BE DISMISSED | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ALBANIA (2005): B5087_4 | | "The parliament is dissolved when it fails to elect a president, | prime minister, or when it fails to pass certain important laws | as indicated in the constitution." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - AUSTRALIA (2004): B5087_4 | | "Were the Governor-General to arbitrarily exercise his formal | powers of dismissal, he would, as he did in 1975, dismiss the | government (i.e., all cabinet members including the Prime | Minister) and dissolve parliament (i.e., the House and the | Senate)." | | "By convention, the House may be dissolved (at any point prior | to its constitutional limit of three years) by the | Governor-General on the advice of the Prime Minister." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BELGIUM (2003): B5087_4 | | Government can resign on the prime minister's initiative and | must be ratified by the king. New elections can be called by the | government." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CZECH REPUBLIC (2002): B5087_4 | | President may dissolve the Chamber of Deputies (1.) if Chamber | of Deputies does not give confidence in cabinet for the 3rd time | following each other; (2.) if Chamber of Deputies does not vote | on law with which the cabinet joined confidence vote; (3.) if | Chamber of Deputies is unable to make decisions more then 3 | months." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - FRANCE (2002): B5087_4 | | "The President has to 'consult' the PM and the Presidents of the | two chambers of parliament (art. 12.1)." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GREAT BRITAIN (2005): B5087_4 | | From Module 1 Macro report: "Strictly speaking the PM needs | the consent of the Head of State [the Monarch] to dissolve the | legislature. [...] Most Constitutional lawyers would also say | that the monarch retains some de facto power to dissolve | parliament on her own initiative. This power was used on behalf | of the Crown by the Governor General in Australia in 1975 (and | the Commonwealth being what it is this counts as a precedent | here)." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - TAIWAN (2001): B5087_4 | | See election study note for B5087_1. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - TAIWAN (2004): B5087_4 | | "When the Legislative Yuan passes a vote of non-confidence | on the cabinet and the Head of State decides to dissolve the | Legislative Yuan." --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B5087_5 >>> DISSOLUTION OF LEGISLATURE - OTHER --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QIII.D.8.e. Can the legislature be dissolved prior to regularly scheduled elections? If yes - Other (Please explain)? .................................................................. 1. YES, OTHER [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 5. NOT MENTIONED 9. MISSING 0. NOT APPLICABLE; LEGISLATURE CANNOT BE DISMISSED | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CZECH REPUBLIC (2002): B5087_5 | | By 3/5 majority of majority parties and Senators voting on | constitutional law on shortening the legislature term." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - FINLAND (2003): B5087_5 | | By the head of state on the initiative of the Prime Minister. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GERMANY (2002): B5087_5 | | "If a vote of confidence is not obtained by the chancellor, | the president may dissolve parliament following a proposal | by the chancellor within 21 days. If the parliament is able to | elect a new chancellor with absolute majority, parliament can no | longer be dissolved." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HONG KONG (2004): B5087_5 | | By the Chief Executive after consulting the Executive Council. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - KYRGYZSTAN (2005): B5087_5 | | "3. A negative ruling by the Constitutional Court of the Kyrgyz | Republic on a charge made by the Jogorku Kenesh of the Kyrgyz | Republic shall result in the dissolution of the Jogorku Kenesh | of the Kyrgyz Republic." (Article 51, The Constitution of the | Kyrgyz Republic). | | "4. After three refusals by the Jogorku Kenesh of the Kyrgyz | Republic of nominees for Prime Minister of the Kyrgyz Republic, | the President of the Kyrgyz Republic appoints a Prime Minister | of the Kyrgyz Republic and dissolves the Jogorku Kenesh of the | Kyrgyz Republic." (Article 71, The Constitution of the Kyrgyz | Republic). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NETHERLANDS (2002): B5087_5 | | "By Royal Decree countersigned by the Prime Minister." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SLOVENIA (2004): B5087_5 | | From the Collaborator: "The parliament may be dissolved when | the Government fails to carry a vote of confidence and when | after three rounds of electing new PM she/he is not elected | - in such circumstances the President can dissolve the | parliament. It means that the President does not have a | discretionary right to dissolve the parliament but is obliged | to do so only in line with constitutional and legal provisions." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWITZERLAND (2003): B5087_5 | | "Only if the decision over an entire modification of the federal | constitution (Totalrevision der Bundesverfassung) is approved in | a referendum (Art. 193 Abs. 3 BV), a new Federal Government and | a new Legislature will be elected before the usual end of the | period of office. There is no other possibility. It has never | happened in the Swiss history." --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B5088 >>> RESTRICTIONS ON DISSOLVING LEGISLATURE --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QIII.D.9. If the legislature can be dissolved prior to regularly scheduled elections, are there restrictions on when and how the legislature can be dissolved? .................................................................. 1. YES 5. NO 9. MISSING 0. NOT APPLICABLE; LEGISLATURE CANNOT BE DISMISSED | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CANADA (2004): B5088 | | "The Prime Minister may ask the Governor-General to dissolve | Parliament for election at anytime." --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B5088_1 >>> RESTRICTIONS ON DISSOLVING LEGISLATURE - TIMING --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QIII.D.9.a. If the legislature can be dissolved prior to regularly scheduled elections, are there restrictions on when and how the legislature can be dissolved? On the timing of dissolution? .................................................................. 1. YES, ON THE TIMING OF DISSOLUTION 5. NOT MENTIONED 9. MISSING 0. NOT APPLICABLE; LEGISLATURE CANNOT BE DISMISSED | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CZECH REPUBLIC (2002): B5088_1 | | The legislature may be dissolved not less than 3 months before a | scheduled legislative election. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - DENMARK (2001): B5088_1 | | See election study note for B5087_1. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - FRANCE (2002): B5088_1 | | "Not within one year after a legislative election following a | dissolution (Art. 12.4)." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HONG KONG (2004): B5088_1 | | The Chief Executive must consult the Executive Council before | dissolving the Legislative Council. The Chief Executive may | dissolve the Legislative Council only once in each term of his | or her office" (Article 50 of the Basic Law). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ITALY (2006): B5088_1 | | "Not in the last six months of duration in office of the head | of state". | | "Only when no cabinet can be formed and obtain a vote of | confidence in both houses". | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PERU (2006): B5088_1 | | "The Congress can not be dissolved in its last year of mandate". | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PORTUGAL (2002 and 2005): B5088_1 | | From the Macro Report: "Parliament cannot be dissolved within 6 | months after legislative elections, nor during the last 6 | months of the President's term of office." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ROMANIA (2004): B5088_1 | | The legislature cannot be dissolved during the last 6 months of | the President's term of office. The legislature can be dissolved | only once in the same year. See also the election study note for | variable B5087_1. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - RUSSIA (2004): B5088_1 | | The Duma cannot be dissolved within a year of its election, or | in the six months prior to a scheduled presidential election. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SPAIN (2004): B5088_1 | | The legislature cannot be dissolved within the year following a | legislative election. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWEDEN (2002): B5088_1 | | Restriction on when the legislature can be dissolved: "Not too | close to an ordinary election." --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B5088_2 >>> RESTRICTIONS ON DISSOLVING LEGISLATURE - INACTION --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QIII.D.9.b. If the legislature can be dissolved prior to regularly scheduled elections, are there restrictions on when and how the legislature can be dissolved? As a response to action/inaction by the legislature? .................................................................. 1. YES, AS A RESPONSE TO INACTION IN THE LEGISLATURE 5. NOT MENTIONED 9. MISSING 0. NOT APPLICABLE; LEGISLATURE CANNOT BE DISMISSED | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BULGARIA (2001): B5088_2 | | See election study note for B5087_3. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CZECH REPUBLIC (2002): B5088_2 | | The legislature may be dissolved following 120 days of inaction. | | Following the election, the legislature may be dissolved if | after 3 months, the government fails to gain its confidence, or | is unable to convene 1/3 of all legislators. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HONG KONG (2004): B5088_2 | | The Chief Executive can dissolve the Legislative Council if "the | Chief Executive refuses to sign a bill passed the second time by | the Legislative Council, or the Legislative Council refuses to | pass a budget or any other important bill introduced by the | government" (Article 50 of the Basic Law). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ITALY (2006): B5088_2 | | The Senate has 315 directly elected members which serve for | five-year terms also. In addition, there are 4 more seats | appointed by the President of the Republic and a varying number | of ex-officio members (former Presidents of the Republic). | Legislative bills may originate in either house and must be | passed by a majority in both. Government depends on confidence | from each branch of the parliament. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PERU (2006): B5088_2 | | "The President is allowed to dissolve the Congress if it has | censured two cabinets or has denied them the trust. With the | decree of dissolution, the President must present the | extraordinary call to elections for a new Congress." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - POLAND (2001): B5088_2 | | 1. If legislature fails to approve the budget | 2. If the designated prime minister fails to form a cabinet | supported by parliamentary majority. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ROMANIA (2004): B5088_2 | | See election study note for B5087_1. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - RUSSIA (2004): B5088_2 | | The president can dissolve the Duma if the Duma has rejected | three times the candidate nominated by the president for prime | minister. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - TAIWAN (2004): B5088_2 | | "Only when the Legislative Yuan passes vote of non-confidence." --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B5088_3 >>> RESTRICTIONS ON DISSOLVING LEGISLATURE - OTHER --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QIII.D.9.c. If the legislature can be dissolved prior to regularly scheduled elections, are there restrictions on when and how the legislature can be dissolved? Other (Explain)? .................................................................. 1. YES, OTHER RESTRICTIONS 5. NOT MENTIONED 9. MISSING 0. NOT APPLICABLE; LEGISLATURE CANNOT BE DISMISSED | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - FRANCE (2002): B5088_3 | | "The President cannot dissolve the National Assembly when he | enjoys emergency powers (art. 16.5.)." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HUNGARY (2002): B5088_3 | | "The President can dissolve Parliament if: | 1. The Parliament passes a vote of (constructive) non-confidence | in the government four times within a 12-month period. | 2. In case of the end of mandate of the government (e.g., in | case of the death of the Prime Minister), if the person proposed | by the President is not elected by Parliament within forty | days." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - IRELAND (2002): B5088_3 | | "If the Government has lost a confidence motion in parliament, | the President has the authority to refuse the request of the | Taoiseach (prime minister) to dissolve the parliament." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - JAPAN (2004): B5088_3 | | "Upper house cannot be dissolved. Lower house may be dissolved | by Prime Minister at will." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - KYRGYZSTAN (2005): B5088_3 | | "4. The Jogorku Kenesh of the Kyrgyz Republic may not be | dissolved in time of a state emergency or war, during | consideration by the Jogorku Kenesh of the Kyrgyz Republic of | the issue of dismissing the President of the Kyrgyz Republic | from office or when there shall be fewer than six months | remaining until the end of the term of office of the President | of the Kyrgyz Republic. | 5. In the event of dissolution of the Jogorku Kenesh of the | Kyrgyz Republic, the President of the Kyrgyz Republic designates | the date for elections of deputies of the Jogorku Kenesh of the | Kyrgyz Republic, so that the newly elected Jogorku Kenesh of the | Kyrgyz Republic convene its first session no later than six | months after the moment of dissolution." (Article 63, The | Constitution of the Kyrgyz Republic). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PORTUGAL (2002 and 2005): B5088_3 | | From the Macro Report: "Parliament cannot be dissolved during | state of siege or emergency." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ROMANIA (2004): B5088_3 | | Parliament cannot be dissolved during state of mobilization, | war, siege, or emergency. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - RUSSIA (2004): B5088_3 | | The president can dissolve the Duma if the Duma has filed an | impeachment charge against the president. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SLOVENIA (2004): B5088_3 | | From the Collaborator: | "The parliament may be dissolved when the Government fails to | carry a vote of confidence and when after three rounds of | electing new PM she/he is not elected - in such circumstances | the President can dissolve the parliament." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWITZERLAND (2003): B5088_3 | | See notes for B5086_6 and B5087_5. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B5089 >>> SECOND CHAMBER OF THE LEGISLATURE --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QIII.D.10. Is there a second chamber of the legislature? .................................................................. 1. YES [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 5. NO 9. MISSING | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GERMANY (2002): B5089 | | Bundesrat is not a second chamber formally, but it is | functionally because of its policy implications. Hence, Germany | is treated as a two-chamber system. | | "The Länder shall participate through the Bundesrat in the | legislation and administration of the Federation and in matters | concerning the European Union." (The Basic Law, Article 50). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GREAT BRITAIN (2005): B5089 | | The House of Lords is the second chamber of the U.K. Houses of | Parliament. Members of the House of Lords (known as 'peers') | consist of Lords Spiritual (senior bishops) and Lords Temporal | (lay peers). Law Lords (senior judges) also sit as Lords | Temporal. Members of the House of Lords are not elected and, | with the exception of bishops who leave the House on | retirement, they retain their seats for life. Following the | House of Lords Act 1999 there are only 92 peers who sit by | virtue of hereditary peerage. The majority of members are now | life peers. Retrieved 02/02/2006 from: | http://www.parliament.uk/works/lords.cfm | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NETHERLANDS (2002): B5089 | | The Upper House (Eerste Kamer der Staten-Generaal) is called | the "First Chamber", in contrast with the "Second Chamber" | which is directly elected. It has 75 members, indirectly | elected for a 4-years term. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B5090 >>> IF THERE IS SECOND CHAMBER - METHOD OF ELECTION --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QIII.D.10. If there is a second chamber of the legislature, what is the method of election? .................................................................. 1. DIRECTLY ELECTED SECOND CHAMBER 2. INDIRECTLY ELECTED SECOND CHAMBER [SEE COUNTRY NOTES FOR THE ELECTION PROCESS] 3. [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 9. MISSING 0. NOT APPLICABLE [NO SECOND CHAMBER] | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BELGIUM (2003): B5090 | | Forty senators are directly elected. The members of the Flemish | Parliament and the Parlement de la Communauté Française appoint | among each of them 10 senators to hold an extra seat in the | senate. The Rat der Deutschsprachigen Gemeinschaft appoints one | member among their members. So, 21 extra seats are distributed | in the senate among members of the Flemish Parliament and the | Parliament de la Communauté Française and Rat der | Deutschsprachigen Gemeinschaf. The directly elected senators | together with the appointed members by the regional parliaments | co-opt 10 extra senators (6 Flemish and 4 French speaking). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CANADA (2004): B5090 | | Second chamber is named by Governor-General on the advice of | the Prime Minister. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CZECH REPUBLIC (2002): B5090 | | The Senát (Senat) has 81 members, elected for a six-year term | in single-seat constituencies, in which one-third is renewed | every two years. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - FRANCE (2002): B5090 | | "Regional electoral colleges elect the members of the senate for | nine years (1/3 of the senate is replaced every three years)." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GREAT BRITAIN (2005): B5090 | | Members of the House of Lords are not elected and, with the | exception of bishops who leave the House on retirement, they | retain their seats for life. Following the House of Lords Act | 1999, there are only 92 peers who sit by virtue of hereditary | peerage. The majority of members are now life peers. Retrieved | 02/02/2006 from: http://www.parliament.uk/works/lords.cfm | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - IRELAND (2002): B5090 | | "There are 11 Taoiseach nominees, 43 candidates are elected | through vocational constituencies in which councilor and | parliamentarians vote. Also, there are 6 others that are | elected by the universities (3 by National University of Ireland | and 3 by Trinity College Dublin)." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NETHERLANDS (2002): B5090 | | From the Macro Report: "Members of the First Chamber are elected | for a four-year term by the members of the provincial councils. | Elections to the First Chamber are normally held in the same | year as provincial council elections. The team of assessors | comprises the Queen's Commissioner for the province and three | members appointed by the Queen's Commissioner from the members | of the provincial council. The votes are counted by the team and | an official report is drawn up of the number of votes cast for | each list and for each candidate. On the same day the reports | are conveyed to the Electoral Council, which acts as the central | polling station and calculates the result. For this purpose, the | votes from the various provinces are weighted by dividing the | province's population on January 1 of election year by the | number of members in the provincial council. Seats are allocated | to groups or combinations of lists and to lists and candidates | in the same way as in direct elections. The minimum number of | preferential votes in elections to the First Chamber is 50% of | the electoral quota." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SLOVENIA (2004): B5090 | | The Slovenian second chamber is an advisory body organized | on corporatist principles with limited legislative powers. It | is composed by a total of 40 members: 22 representatives of | local interests, 6 representatives of non-commercial activities, | 4 representatives of employers, 4 of employees and 4 | representatives of farmers, crafts and trades and independent | professionals. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SPAIN (2004): B5090 | | The Senate (Senado) is elected on the basis of two electoral | segments. The directly elected segment has 208 members elected | in 52 multi-member constituencies. The remaining 51 senators are | elected indirectly by the regional legislatures (17 Autonomous | Communities). --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B5091 >>> IF THERE IS SECOND CHAMBER - COMPOSITION --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QIII.D.10a. If there is a second chamber and it is indirectly elected, are those who choose its members: .................................................................. 1. WHOLLY REGIONAL AND/OR LOCAL OFFICIALS 2. PARTLY REGIONAL AND/OR LOCAL OFFICIALS 3. NOT NECESSARILY REGIONAL AND/OR LOCAL OFFICIALS 9. MISSING 0. NOT APPLICABLE [NO SECOND CHAMBER/NOT INDIRECTLY ELECTED] | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BELGIUM (2003): B5091 | | See also note for B5090. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GERMANY (2002): B5091 | | The Bundesrat is elected indirectly. Individual elections | in the 16 Länder (states) determine the composition of each | Land assembly (Landtag). Each Landtag elects a Land government | which then appoints its members as delegates to the Bundesrat. | "Each Land shall have at least three votes; Länder with more | than two million inhabitants shall have four, Länder with | more than six million inhabitants five, and Länder with more | than seven million inhabitants six votes." (The Basic Law, | Article 51/2). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SPAIN (2004): B5091 | | This applies to the indirectly elected senators. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B5092 >>> IF THERE IS SECOND CHAMBER - EXCLUSIVE LEGISLATIVE POWERS --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QIII.D.10b. If there is a second chamber, does it have specific and exclusive legislative powers? .................................................................. 1. YES [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 5. NO 9. MISSING 0. NOT APPLICABLE [NO SECOND CHAMBER] | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - AUSTRALIA (2004): B5092 | | If legislation coming from the lower house is rejected twice, | the lower house may call a combined meeting of the two houses | to pass the legislation. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BRAZIL (2002): B5092 | | For example, the senate has the power to approve international | treaties signed by the President and to approve nominations | for the president of the Central Bank, the offices of | diplomats, and some other nominations. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CZECH REPUBLIC (2002): B5092 | | "If the Chamber of Deputies is dissolved, the senate may pass | bills with status of law. These must be approved after the | Chamber of Deputies is established again." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GREAT BRITAIN (2005): B5092 | | This question has been coded affirmatively given that the House | of Lords consent is required for any Act that prolongs the | life of the House of the Commons for more than 5 years (i.e. | postpone a general election). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - IRELAND (2002): B5092 | | "It can delay non-budgetary legislation by 60 days." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NETHERLANDS (2002): B5092 | | "All acts (including the yearly budget acts) have to be approved | by the First Chamber in order to become effective. In contrast | with the Second Chamber, the First Chamber does not have the | right to introduce amendments." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PHILIPPINES (2004): B5092 | | "The Congress as a whole has the power to scrutinize the budget | of the Executive and also has the power to cut or re-allocate | funds of the Executive department prior to approval." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ROMANIA (2004): B5092 | | Yes, but very few and rather insignificant. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SLOVENIA (2004): B5092 | | From the Collaborator: "The second chamber has three so called | legislative powers but only the first mentioned one is specific | and exclusive one: the right to require the National Assembly | to reconsider laws it has passed - a right to issue a suspensive | veto which can be overridden by the majority of all MPs. Two | other legislative powers are not specific neither exclusive | ones: legislative initiative and the right to demand a | legislative referendum on particular laws." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - UNITED STATES (2004): B5092 | | "The Senate has sole power to try impeachments. Two thirds | of the Senate must consent to any treaties made by the | executive. A majority of the Senate must consent to | executive appointments to the cabinet, judiciary, and other | officers of the United States unless congress, by law, has | vested those appointments in the executive or other bodies." --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B5093 >>> IF THERE IS SECOND CHAMBER - POWER OVER THE CABINET --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QIII.D.10c. If there is a second chamber, does it have the power to remove the cabinet or censure its ministers? .................................................................. 1. YES 5. NO 9. MISSING 0. NOT APPLICABLE [NO SECOND CHAMBER] | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NETHERLANDS (2002): B5093 | | The Cabinet may find out that it lacks sufficient confidence | in the First Chamber and, consequently, can offer its | resignation. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - UNITED STATES (2004): B5093 | | "No. However, cabinet members can be impeached by the House | of Representatives and the Senate has sole power to try | impeachments. Impeached officials found guilty are removed | from office." --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B5094 >>> CONSTITUTIONAL FEDERAL STRUCTURE --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QIII.E.11. Is there a constitutionally guaranteed division of power between the central government and regional and/or local governments? .................................................................. 1. YES [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 5. NO 9. MISSING | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BULGARIA (2001): B5094 | | "The country is divided into two general types of territorial | administrative units: | A. Municipalities - the unit of local self government. Local | municipal authorities are elected every 4 years directly by the | citizens registered to live in the particular municipality. | B. (28) Administrative regions/districts. The district | authorities are assigned by the government. The district | authorities are responsible for implementation of the central | government's policy." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GREAT BRITAIN (2005): B5094 | | Under a system of devolution (or home rule) adopted after | Scottish and Welsh referendums on devolution proposals in 1997, | most of the constituent countries within the United Kingdom | were given limited self-government. In 1999, the National | Assembly for Wales was formed, with powers to amend primary | legislation from the UK Parliament. Similarly, the Scottish | Parliament -formed in 1999- can refer devolved matters back to | Westminster to be considered as part of United Kingdom-wide | legislation. Thus, there is an important division of power | between the central and regional governments, which leads to | classify this country as a federal system. | Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_rule | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - POLAND (2001): B5094 | | The basic unit of local government is the commune (Gmina). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PORTUGAL (2002 and 2005): B5094 | | Territorial division applies only to Azores and Madeira Islands. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- B5095 >>> CENTRAL POWER OVER PERIPHERY --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QIII.E.12. Does the central government have the power to remove elected officials of regional and/or local governments? .................................................................. 1. YES [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 5. NO 9. MISSING | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BULGARIA (2001): B5095 | | Yes, with regards to the administrative districts authorities. | No, with regards to the municipal authorities. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HONG KONG (2004): B5095 | | No, but the Central People's Government of China may withhold | the appointment of the Chief Executive who has been duly | elected in Hong Kong. //END OF FILE