=========================================================================== COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ELECTORAL SYSTEMS (CSES) - MODULE 1 (1996-2001) CODEBOOK: VARIABLES DESCRIPTION FULL RELEASE - DECEMBER 15, 2015 VERSION CSES Secretariat www.cses.org =========================================================================== HOW TO CITE THE STUDY: The Comparative Study of Electoral Systems (www.cses.org). CSES MODULE 1 FULL RELEASE [dataset]. December 15, 2015 version. doi:10.7804/cses.module1.2015-12-15 These materials are based on work supported by the American National Science Foundation (www.nsf.gov) under grant number SBR-9317631, the GESIS - Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences, the University of Michigan, in-kind support of participating election studies, the many organizations that sponsor planning meetings and conferences, and the many organizations that fund election studies by CSES collaborators. Any opinions, findings and conclusions, or recommendations expressed in these materials are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the funding organizations. =========================================================================== IMPORTANT NOTE REGARDING FULL RELEASES: This dataset and all accompanying documentation is the "Full Release" of CSES Module 1 (1996-2001). Users of the Final Release may wish to monitor the errata for CSES Module 1 on the CSES website, to check for known errors which may impact their analyses. To view errata for CSES Module 1, go to the Data Center on the CSES website, navigate to the CSES Module 1 download page, and click on the Errata link in the gray box to the right of the page. =========================================================================== TABLE OF CONTENTS =========================================================================== ))) CSES MODULE 1 VARIABLE LIST ))) CSES MODULE 1 MICRO-LEVEL DATA: IDENTIFICATION, WEIGHTING, AND STUDY ADMINISTRATION VARIABLES ))) CSES MODULE 1 MICRO-LEVEL DATA: DEMOGRAPHIC, VOTE CHOICE, AND ELECTION VARIABLES ))) CSES MODULE 1 MICRO-LEVEL DATA: SURVEY VARIABLES ))) CSES MODULE 1 DISTRICT-LEVEL VARIABLES ))) CSES MODULE 1 MACRO-LEVEL VARIABLES =========================================================================== ))) CSES MODULE 1 VARIABLE LIST =========================================================================== ))) CSES MODULE 1 MICRO-LEVEL DATA: IDENTIFICATION, WEIGHTING, AND STUDY ADMINISTRATION VARIABLES A1001 >>> DATASET A1002 >>> DATASET VERSION A1002_DOI>>> DIGITAL OBJECT IDENTIFIER A1003 >>> ID VARIABLE - ELECTION STUDY (NUMERIC POLITY) A1004 >>> ID VARIABLE - ELECTION STUDY (ALPHABETIC POLITY) A1005 >>> ID VARIABLE - RESPONDENT A1006 >>> ID COMPONENT - POLITY CSES CODE A1006_UN >>> ID COMPONENT - POLITY UN CODE A1006_NAM>>> ID COMPONENT - POLITY NAME A1007 >>> SAMPLE COMPONENT A1008 >>> ID COMPONENT - ELECTION YEAR A1009 >>> ID COMPONENT - RESPONDENT WITHIN ELECTION STUDY A1010_1 >>> ORIGINAL WEIGHT: SAMPLE A1010_2 >>> ORIGINAL WEIGHT: DEMOGRAPHIC A1010_3 >>> ORIGINAL WEIGHT: POLITICAL A1011_1 >>> FACTOR: MEAN OF SAMPLE WEIGHT A1011_2 >>> FACTOR: MEAN OF DEMOGRAPHIC WEIGHT A1011_3 >>> FACTOR: MEAN OF POLITICAL WEIGHT A1012_1 >>> POLITY WEIGHT: SAMPLE A1012_2 >>> POLITY WEIGHT: DEMOGRAPHIC A1012_3 >>> POLITY WEIGHT: POLITICAL A1013 >>> FACTOR: SAMPLE SIZE ADJUSTMENT A1014_1 >>> DATASET WEIGHT: SAMPLE A1014_2 >>> DATASET WEIGHT: DEMOGRAPHIC A1014_3 >>> DATASET WEIGHT: POLITICAL A1015 >>> ELECTION TYPE A1016 >>> DATE 1ST ROUND ELECTION BEGAN - MONTH A1017 >>> DATE 1ST ROUND ELECTION BEGAN - DAY A1018 >>> DATE 1ST ROUND ELECTION BEGAN - YEAR A1019 >>> DATE 2ND ROUND ELECTION BEGAN - MONTH A1020 >>> DATE 2ND ROUND ELECTION BEGAN - DAY A1021 >>> DATE 2ND ROUND ELECTION BEGAN - YEAR A1022 >>> STUDY TIMING A1023 >>> MODE OF INTERVIEW A1024 >>> INTERVIEWER WITHIN ELECTION STUDY A1025 >>> INTERVIEWER GENDER A1026 >>> DATE QUESTIONNAIRE ADMINISTERED - MONTH A1027 >>> DATE QUESTIONNAIRE ADMINISTERED - DAY A1028 >>> DATE QUESTIONNAIRE ADMINISTERED - YEAR ))) CSES MODULE 1 MICRO-LEVEL DATA: DEMOGRAPHIC, VOTE CHOICE, AND ELECTION VARIABLES A2001 >>> AGE A2002 >>> GENDER A2003 >>> EDUCATION A2004 >>> MARITAL STATUS A2005 >>> UNION MEMBERSHIP A2006 >>> UNION MEMBERSHIP OF OTHERS IN HOUSEHOLD A2007 >>> CURRENT EMPLOYMENT STATUS A2008 >>> MAIN OCCUPATION A2009 >>> EMPLOYMENT TYPE - PUBLIC OR PRIVATE A2010 >>> INDUSTRIAL SECTOR A2011 >>> OCCUPATION OF CHIEF WAGE EARNER OR SPOUSE A2012 >>> HOUSEHOLD INCOME A2013 >>> NUMBER IN HOUSEHOLD A2014 >>> NUMBER IN HOUSEHOLD UNDER AGE 18 A2015 >>> RELIGIOUS SERVICES ATTENDANCE A2016 >>> RELIGIOSITY A2017 >>> RELIGIOUS DENOMINATION A2018 >>> LANGUAGE USUALLY SPOKEN AT HOME A2019 >>> REGION OF RESIDENCE A2020 >>> RACE A2021 >>> ETHNICITY A2022 >>> RURAL OR URBAN RESIDENCE A2023 >>> POLITICAL INFORMATION ITEM - 1ST A2024 >>> POLITICAL INFORMATION ITEM - 2ND A2025 >>> POLITICAL INFORMATION ITEM - 3RD A2026 >>> DAYS INTERVIEW CONDUCTED POST ELECTION A2027 >>> PRIMARY ELECTORAL DISTRICT A2028 >>> DID RESPONDENT CAST A BALLOT A2029 >>> PARTY VOTED FOR PRESIDENT A2030 >>> PARTY LIST VOTED FOR - DISTRICT A2031 >>> PARTY OF CANDIDATE VOTED FOR - DISTRICT A2032 >>> DID R CAST CANDIDATE PREFERENCE VOTE ))) CSES MODULE 1 MICRO-LEVEL DATA: SURVEY VARIABLES A3001 >>> SATISFACTION WITH DEMOCRATIC PROCESS A3002 >>> LAST ELECTION WAS CONDUCTED FAIRLY A3003 >>> QUESTIONNAIRE USED - LONG OR SHORT A3004 >>> ARE YOU CLOSE TO ANY POLITICAL PARTY A3005_1 >>> PARTY CLOSEST TO - 1ST MENTION A3005_2 >>> PARTY CLOSEST TO - 2ND MENTION A3005_3 >>> PARTY CLOSEST TO - 3RD MENTION A3006 >>> NUMBER OF PARTIES MENTIONED IN A3005 A3007_1 >>> BLOCK PARTY CLOSEST TO - 1ST MENTION A3007_2 >>> BLOCK PARTY CLOSEST TO - 2ND MENTION A3007_3 >>> BLOCK PARTY CLOSEST TO - 3RD MENTION A3008 >>> NUMBER OF PARTIES MENTIONED IN A3007 A3009 >>> WHICH PARTY DO YOU FEEL CLOSEST TO A3010 >>> DO YOU FEEL CLOSER TO ONE PARTY A3011 >>> WHICH PARTY DO YOU FEEL CLOSER TO A3012 >>> DEGREE OF CLOSENESS TO THIS PARTY A3013 >>> POLITICAL PARTIES CARE WHAT PEOPLE THINK A3014 >>> POLITICAL PARTIES ARE NECESSARY A3015 >>> RECALL CANDIDATES FROM LAST ELECTION A3016_1 >>> CANDIDATE MENTIONED 1ST - NAME A3016_2 >>> CANDIDATE MENTIONED 2ND - NAME A3016_3 >>> CANDIDATE MENTIONED 3RD - NAME A3017_1 >>> CANDIDATE MENTIONED 1ST - GENDER A3017_2 >>> CANDIDATE MENTIONED 2ND - GENDER A3017_3 >>> CANDIDATE MENTIONED 3RD - GENDER A3018_1 >>> CANDIDATE MENTIONED 1ST - PARTY A3018_2 >>> CANDIDATE MENTIONED 2ND - PARTY A3018_3 >>> CANDIDATE MENTIONED 3RD - PARTY A3019 >>> NUMBER OF CANDIDATES CORRECTLY NAMED A3020_A >>> LIKE-DISLIKE - PARTY A A3020_B >>> LIKE-DISLIKE - PARTY B A3020_C >>> LIKE-DISLIKE - PARTY C A3020_D >>> LIKE-DISLIKE - PARTY D A3020_E >>> LIKE-DISLIKE - PARTY E A3020_F >>> LIKE-DISLIKE - PARTY F A3020_G >>> LIKE-DISLIKE - ADDITIONAL - PARTY G A3020_H >>> LIKE-DISLIKE - ADDITIONAL - PARTY H A3020_I >>> LIKE-DISLIKE - ADDITIONAL - PARTY I A3021_A >>> LIKE-DISLIKE - LEADER A A3021_B >>> LIKE-DISLIKE - LEADER B A3021_C >>> LIKE-DISLIKE - LEADER C A3021_D >>> LIKE-DISLIKE - LEADER D A3021_E >>> LIKE-DISLIKE - LEADER E A3021_F >>> LIKE-DISLIKE - LEADER F A3021_G >>> LIKE-DISLIKE - ADDITIONAL - LEADER G A3021_H >>> LIKE-DISLIKE - ADDITIONAL - LEADER H A3021_I >>> LIKE-DISLIKE - ADDITIONAL - LEADER I A3022 >>> ECONOMY IMPROVED LAST 12 MONTHS A3023 >>> ECONOMY CHANGE A3024 >>> ECONOMY HOW MUCH BETTER A3025 >>> ECONOMY HOW MUCH WORSE A3026 >>> POLITICIANS KNOW WHAT PEOPLE THINK A3027 >>> CONTACT WITH POLITICIAN IN PAST YEAR A3028 >>> WHO IS IN POWER CAN MAKE DIFFERENCE A3029 >>> WHO PEOPLE VOTE FOR MAKES A DIFFERENCE A3030 >>> DO PEOPLE EXPRESS POLITICAL OPINION A3031 >>> LEFT-RIGHT - SELF A3032_A >>> LEFT-RIGHT - PARTY A A3032_B >>> LEFT-RIGHT - PARTY B A3032_C >>> LEFT-RIGHT - PARTY C A3032_D >>> LEFT-RIGHT - PARTY D A3032_E >>> LEFT-RIGHT - PARTY E A3032_F >>> LEFT-RIGHT - PARTY F A3032_G >>> LEFT-RIGHT - ADDITIONAL - PARTY G A3032_H >>> LEFT-RIGHT - ADDITIONAL - PARTY H A3032_I >>> LEFT-RIGHT - ADDITIONAL - PARTY I A3033 >>> OPTIONAL SCALE - SELF A3034_A >>> OPTIONAL SCALE - PARTY A A3034_B >>> OPTIONAL SCALE - PARTY B A3034_C >>> OPTIONAL SCALE - PARTY C A3034_D >>> OPTIONAL SCALE - PARTY D A3034_E >>> OPTIONAL SCALE - PARTY E A3034_F >>> OPTIONAL SCALE - PARTY F A3035_A >>> OPTIONAL SCALE - LEADER A A3035_B >>> OPTIONAL SCALE - LEADER B A3035_C >>> OPTIONAL SCALE - LEADER C A3035_D >>> OPTIONAL SCALE - LEADER D A3035_E >>> OPTIONAL SCALE - LEADER E A3035_F >>> OPTIONAL SCALE - LEADER F ))) CSES MODULE 1 DISTRICT-LEVEL VARIABLES A4001 >>> NUMBER OF SEATS IN DISTRICT A4002 >>> NUMBER OF CANDIDATES IN DISTRICT A4003 >>> NUMBER OF PARTY LISTS IN DISTRICT A4004_A >>> PERCENT VOTE IN DISTRICT - PARTY A A4004_B >>> PERCENT VOTE IN DISTRICT - PARTY B A4004_C >>> PERCENT VOTE IN DISTRICT - PARTY C A4004_D >>> PERCENT VOTE IN DISTRICT - PARTY D A4004_E >>> PERCENT VOTE IN DISTRICT - PARTY E A4004_F >>> PERCENT VOTE IN DISTRICT - PARTY F A4005 >>> TURNOUT IN DISTRICT ))) CSES MODULE 1 MACRO-LEVEL VARIABLES PART I. DATA ON POLITICAL PARTIES AND PARTY SYSTEMS A5001_A >>> YEAR FOUNDED - PARTY A A5001_B >>> YEAR FOUNDED - PARTY B A5001_C >>> YEAR FOUNDED - PARTY C A5001_D >>> YEAR FOUNDED - PARTY D A5001_E >>> YEAR FOUNDED - PARTY E A5001_F >>> YEAR FOUNDED - PARTY F A5002_A >>> IDEOLOGICAL FAMILY - PARTY A A5002_B >>> IDEOLOGICAL FAMILY - PARTY B A5002_C >>> IDEOLOGICAL FAMILY - PARTY C A5002_D >>> IDEOLOGICAL FAMILY - PARTY D A5002_E >>> IDEOLOGICAL FAMILY - PARTY E A5002_F >>> IDEOLOGICAL FAMILY - PARTY F A5003_A >>> INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION - PARTY A A5003_B >>> INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION - PARTY B A5003_C >>> INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION - PARTY C A5003_D >>> INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION - PARTY D A5003_E >>> INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION - PARTY E A5003_F >>> INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION - PARTY F A5004_A >>> LEFT-RIGHT - PARTY A A5004_B >>> LEFT-RIGHT - PARTY B A5004_C >>> LEFT-RIGHT - PARTY C A5004_D >>> LEFT-RIGHT - PARTY D A5004_E >>> LEFT-RIGHT - PARTY E A5004_F >>> LEFT-RIGHT - PARTY F A5005_A >>> PERCENT VOTE - LOWER HOUSE - PARTY A A5005_B >>> PERCENT VOTE - LOWER HOUSE - PARTY B A5005_C >>> PERCENT VOTE - LOWER HOUSE - PARTY C A5005_D >>> PERCENT VOTE - LOWER HOUSE - PARTY D A5005_E >>> PERCENT VOTE - LOWER HOUSE - PARTY E A5005_F >>> PERCENT VOTE - LOWER HOUSE - PARTY F A5006_A >>> PERCENT SEATS - LOWER HOUSE - PARTY A A5006_B >>> PERCENT SEATS - LOWER HOUSE - PARTY B A5006_C >>> PERCENT SEATS - LOWER HOUSE - PARTY C A5006_D >>> PERCENT SEATS - LOWER HOUSE - PARTY D A5006_E >>> PERCENT SEATS - LOWER HOUSE - PARTY E A5006_F >>> PERCENT SEATS - LOWER HOUSE - PARTY F A5007_A >>> PERCENT VOTE - UPPER HOUSE - PARTY A A5007_B >>> PERCENT VOTE - UPPER HOUSE - PARTY B A5007_C >>> PERCENT VOTE - UPPER HOUSE - PARTY C A5007_D >>> PERCENT VOTE - UPPER HOUSE - PARTY D A5007_E >>> PERCENT VOTE - UPPER HOUSE - PARTY E A5007_F >>> PERCENT VOTE - UPPER HOUSE - PARTY F A5008_A >>> PERCENT SEATS - UPPER HOUSE - PARTY A A5008_B >>> PERCENT SEATS - UPPER HOUSE - PARTY B A5008_C >>> PERCENT SEATS - UPPER HOUSE - PARTY C A5008_D >>> PERCENT SEATS - UPPER HOUSE - PARTY D A5008_E >>> PERCENT SEATS - UPPER HOUSE - PARTY E A5008_F >>> PERCENT SEATS - UPPER HOUSE - PARTY F A5009_A >>> PERCENT VOTE - PRESIDENT - PARTY A A5009_B >>> PERCENT VOTE - PRESIDENT - PARTY B A5009_C >>> PERCENT VOTE - PRESIDENT - PARTY C A5009_D >>> PERCENT VOTE - PRESIDENT - PARTY D A5009_E >>> PERCENT VOTE - PRESIDENT - PARTY E A5009_F >>> PERCENT VOTE - PRESIDENT - PARTY F PART II. DATA PERTINENT TO THE ELECTION AT WHICH THE MODULE WAS ADMINISTERED A5010 >>> ELECTORAL TURNOUT A5011 >>> ELECTORAL ALLIANCES IN ELECTION A5012 >>> DID ANY ELECTORAL ALLIANCES FORM? A5013_1 >>> MOST SALIENT FACTORS IN ELECTION - 1ST A5013_2 >>> MOST SALIENT FACTORS IN ELECTION - 2ND A5013_3 >>> MOST SALIENT FACTORS IN ELECTION - 3RD A5013_4 >>> MOST SALIENT FACTORS IN ELECTION - 4TH A5013_5 >>> MOST SALIENT FACTORS IN ELECTION - 5TH PART III. DATA ON ELECTORAL INSTITUTIONS A. SELECTION/ELECTION OF THE HEAD OF STATE A5014 >>> HEAD OF STATE A5015 >>> HEAD OF STATE - SELECTION A5016 >>> HEAD OF STATE - PROCESS IF DIRECT ELECTION A5017 >>> HEAD OF STATE - 1ST ROUND VICTORY A5018 >>> HEAD OF STATE - ADVANCE TO 2ND ROUND A5019 >>> HEAD OF STATE - 2ND ROUND VICTORY A5020_1 >>> YEAR OF PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION - 1ST A5020_2 >>> YEAR OF PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION - 2ND A5021 >>> PROCESS IF INDIRECT ELECTION B. SELECTION/ELECTION OF THE HEAD OF GOVERNMENT A5022 >>> HEAD OF GOVERNMENT A5023 >>> PRIME MINISTER SELECTION C. ELECTORAL STRUCTURE OF THE LEGISLATURE A5024 >>> NUMBER OF ELECTED LEGISLATIVE CHAMBERS A5025_1 >>> ELECTORAL SEGMENTS - LOWER HOUSE A5025_2 >>> ELECTORAL SEGMENTS - UPPER HOUSE A5026_1 >>> PRIMARY DISTRICTS - LOWER - 1ST SEGMENT A5026_2 >>> PRIMARY DISTRICTS - LOWER - 2ND SEGMENT A5026_3 >>> PRIMARY DISTRICTS - UPPER - 1ST SEGMENT A5026_4 >>> PRIMARY DISTRICTS - UPPER - 2ND SEGMENT A5027_1 >>> NUMBER OF SEATS - LOWER - 1ST SEGMENT A5027_2 >>> NUMBER OF SEATS - LOWER - 2ND SEGMENT A5027_3 >>> NUMBER OF SEATS - UPPER - 1ST SEGMENT A5027_4 >>> NUMBER OF SEATS - UPPER - 2ND SEGMENT A5028_1 >>> DISTRICT MAGNITUDE - LOWER - 1ST SEGMENT A5028_2 >>> DISTRICT MAGNITUDE - LOWER - 2ND SEGMENT A5028_3 >>> DISTRICT MAGNITUDE - UPPER - 1ST SEGMENT A5028_4 >>> DISTRICT MAGNITUDE - UPPER - 2ND SEGMENT A5029_1 >>> SECONDARY DISTRICTS - LOWER - 1ST SEGMENT A5029_2 >>> SECONDARY DISTRICTS - LOWER - 2ND SEGMENT A5029_3 >>> SECONDARY DISTRICTS - UPPER - 1ST SEGMENT A5029_4 >>> SECONDARY DISTRICTS - UPPER - 2ND SEGMENT A5030_1 >>> TERTIARY DISTRICTS - LOWER - 1ST SEGMENT A5030_2 >>> TERTIARY DISTRICTS - LOWER - 2ND SEGMENT A5030_3 >>> TERTIARY DISTRICTS - UPPER - 1ST SEGMENT A5030_4 >>> TERTIARY DISTRICTS - UPPER - 2ND SEGMENT D. LEGISLATIVE ELECTION- VOTING PROCEDURES A5031 >>> COMPULSORY VOTING A5032_1 >>> VOTES CAST - LOWER - 1ST SEGMENT A5032_2 >>> VOTES CAST - LOWER - 2ND SEGMENT A5032_3 >>> VOTES CAST - UPPER - 1ST SEGMENT A5032_4 >>> VOTES CAST - UPPER - 2ND SEGMENT A5033_1 >>> VOTING PROCEDURE - LOWER - 1ST SEGMENT A5033_2 >>> VOTING PROCEDURE - LOWER - 2ND SEGMENT A5033_3 >>> VOTING PROCEDURE - UPPER - 1ST SEGMENT A5033_4 >>> VOTING PROCEDURE - UPPER - 2ND SEGMENT A5034_1 >>> ELECTORAL FORMULA - LOWER - 1ST SEGMENT A5034_2 >>> ELECTORAL FORMULA - LOWER - 2ND SEGMENT A5034_3 >>> ELECTORAL FORMULA - UPPER - 1ST SEGMENT A5034_4 >>> ELECTORAL FORMULA - UPPER - 2ND SEGMENT A5035_1 >>> PARTY THRESHOLD - LOWER - 1ST SEGMENT A5035_2 >>> PARTY THRESHOLD - LOWER - 2ND SEGMENT A5035_3 >>> PARTY THRESHOLD - UPPER - 1ST SEGMENT A5035_4 >>> PARTY THRESHOLD - UPPER - 2ND SEGMENT E. TYPES OF ELECTORAL ALLIANCES A5036 >>> CAN PARTIES RUN JOINT LISTS A5037 >>> REQUIREMENTS FOR JOINT PARTY LISTS A5038 >>> THE POSSIBILITY OF APPARENTEMENT A5039 >>> TYPES OF APPARENTEMENT AGREEMENTS A5040 >>> MULTI-PARTY ENDORSEMENTS A5041 >>> MULTI-PARTY ENDORSEMENTS ON BALLOT A5042 >>> ALLY PARTY SUPPORT PART IV. DATA ON REGIME TYPE A. POWERS OF THE HEAD OF STATE A5043 >>> HEAD OF STATE - INTRODUCE LEGISLATION A5044 >>> HEAD OF STATE - EXPEDITED ACTION A5045 >>> HEAD OF STATE - PACKAGE VETO A5046 >>> HEAD OF STATE - PARTIAL VETO A5047 >>> HEAD OF STATE - LEGISLATE BY DECREE A5048 >>> HEAD OF STATE - EMERGENCY POWERS A5049 >>> HEAD OF STATE - POSTPONE ELECTION A5050 >>> HEAD OF STATE - NEGOTIATE AGREEMENTS A5051 >>> HEAD OF STATE - COMMANDER OF FORCES A5052 >>> HEAD OF STATE - PROMOTION OF OFFICERS A5053 >>> HEAD OF STATE - DEMOTION OF OFFICERS A5054 >>> HEAD OF STATE - MOBILIZE TROOPS A5055 >>> HEAD OF STATE - INTRODUCE REFERENDA A5056 >>> HEAD OF STATE - REFER LEGISLATION TO JUDICIARY A5057 >>> HEAD OF STATE - LEGISLATIVE SESSIONS B. POWERS OF THE HEAD OF GOVERNMENT A5058 >>> PRIME MINISTER - NAME CABINET A5059 >>> PRIME MINISTER - CHAIR CABINET MEETINGS A5060 >>> PRIME MINISTER - LEGISLATURE SCHEDULES A5061 >>> PRIME MINISTER - POLICY ALTERNATIVES A5062 >>> PRIME MINISTER - REFERS POLICY TO COMMITTEE A5063 >>> PRIME MINISTER - VOTES OF CONFIDENCE C. DISSOLUTION OF THE LEGISLATURE A5064 >>> METHODS OF CABINET DISMISSAL A5065 >>> DISSOLUTION OF LEGISLATURE A5066 >>> RESTRICTIONS ON DISSOLVING LEGISLATURE =========================================================================== ))) CSES MODULE 1 MICRO-LEVEL DATA: IDENTIFICATION, WEIGHTING, AND STUDY ADMINISTRATION VARIABLES =========================================================================== --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A1001 >>> DATASET --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Dataset. .................................................................. CSES-MODULE-1. CSES Module 1 | NOTES: A1001 | | This variable reports the CSES module used in each election | study. Generally, Module 1 was used for election studies | conducted between the years 1996 and 2001, inclusive. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A1002 >>> DATASET VERSION --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Dataset version. .................................................................. VER2003-AUG-04. Version of dataset released on August 4, 2003. | NOTES: A1002 | | The version number corresponds to the date of the dataset's | release. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A1002_DOI>>> DIGITAL OBJECT IDENTIFIER --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Digital Object Identifier. .................................................................. doi:10.7804/cses.module1.2015-12-15. | NOTES: A1002_DOI | | This variable indicates the Digital Object Identifier (DOI) which | is registered for the dataset. CSES DOI registration is conducted | by the DA|RA registration agency for economic and social science | data. Each CSES dataset version (see variable A1002) has a | unique, persistent DOI. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A1003 >>> ID VARIABLE - ELECTION STUDY (NUMERIC POLITY) --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Election Study Identifier, with Numeric Polity Component. .................................................................. 03601996. AUSTRALIA (1996) 05611999. BELGIUM-FLANDERS (1999) 05621999. BELGIUM-WALLOON (1999) 11202001. BELARUS (2001) 12401997. CANADA (1997) 15201999. CHILE (1999) 15801996. TAIWAN (1996) 20301996. CZECH REPUBLIC (1996) 20801998. DENMARK (1998) 27601998. GERMANY (1998) 34401998. HONG KONG (1998) 34402000. HONG KONG (2000) 34801998. HUNGARY (1998) 35201999. ICELAND (1999) 37601996. ISRAEL (1996) 39201996. JAPAN (1996) 44001997. LITHUANIA (1997) 48401997. MEXICO (1997) 48402000. MEXICO (2000) 52801998. NETHERLANDS (1998) 55401996. NEW ZEALAND (1996) 57801997. NORWAY (1997) 60402000. PERU (2000) 60402001. PERU (2001) 61601997. POLAND (1997) 62002002. PORTUGAL (2002) 64201996. ROMANIA (1996) 64301999. RUSSIAN FEDERATION (1999) 64302000. RUSSIAN FEDERATION (2000) 70501996. SLOVENIA (1996) 41002000. SOUTH KOREA (2000) 72401996. SPAIN (1996) 72402000. SPAIN (2000) 75201998. SWEDEN (1998) 75601999. SWITZERLAND (1999) 76402001. THAILAND (2001) 80401998. UKRAINE (1998) 82601997. GREAT BRITAIN (1997) 84001996. UNITED STATES (1996) | NOTES: A1003 | | This eight-character variable uniquely identifies an election | study within the CSES. | | The variable is constructed from two components, variable A1006 | (CSES polity code) and A1008 (election year). | | The first three characters are the numeric version of the | country codes created by the United Nations Statistics Division | ("Countries or areas, codes and abbreviations", revised | 13 February 2002). | | The fourth character distinguishes between multiple studies | conducted within a single country, for the same election. | The only example of this to be found in CSES Module 1 is | Belgium, which had a Flanders study (coded 1) and a Walloon | study (coded 2). All other election studies in CSES Module 1 | are coded 0 here. | | The fifth through eighth characters correspond to the election | year as specified in variable A1008. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A1004 >>> ID VARIABLE - ELECTION STUDY (ALPHABETIC POLITY) --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Election Study Identifier, with Alphabetic Polity Component. .................................................................. AUS_1996. AUSTRALIA (1996) BELF1999. BELGIUM-FLANDERS (1999) BELW1999. BELGIUM-WALLOON (1999) BLR_2001. BELARUS (2001) CAN_1997. CANADA (1997) CHE_1999. SWITZERLAND (1999) CHL_1999. CHILE (1999) CZE_1996. CZECH REPUBLIC (1996) DEU_1998. GERMANY (1998) DNK_1998. DENMARK (1998) ESP_1996. SPAIN (1996) ESP_2000. SPAIN (2000) GBR_1997. GREAT BRITAIN (1997) HKG_1998. HONG KONG (1998) HKG_2000. HONG KONG (2000) HUN_1998. HUNGARY (1998) ISL_1999. ICELAND (1999) ISR_1996. ISRAEL (1996) JPN_1996. JAPAN (1996) KOR_2000. SOUTH KOREA (2000) LTU_1997. LITHUANIA (1997) MEX_1997. MEXICO (1997) MEX_2000. MEXICO (2000) NLD_1998. NETHERLANDS (1998) NOR_1997. NORWAY (1997) NZL_1996. NEW ZEALAND (1996) PER_2000. PERU (2000) PER_2001. PERU (2001) POL_1997. POLAND (1997) PRT_2002. PORTUGAL (2002) ROU_1996. ROMANIA (1996) RUS_1999. RUSSIA (1999) RUS_2000. RUSSIA (2000) SVN_1996. SLOVENIA (1996) SWE_1998. SWEDEN (1998) THA_2001. THAILAND (2001) TWN_1996. TAIWAN (1996) UKR_1998. UKRAINE (1998) USA_1996. UNITED STATES (1996) | NOTES: A1004 | | This eight-character variable uniquely identifies an election | study within the CSES. | | The variable is constructed from two components, variable A1006 | (CSES polity code) and A1008 (election year). | | The first three characters are the alphabetic country codes | 'alpha-3' created by the International Organization for | Standardization in their ISO 3166 Standard and shared by the | United Nations Statistics Division ("Countries or areas, codes | and abbreviations", revised 13 February 2002). | | If appropriate, the fourth character distinguishes between | multiple studies conducted within a single country, for the same | election. The only example of this to be found in CSES Module 1 | is Belgium, which had a Flanders study (coded "F") and a Walloon | study (coded "W"). All other election studies in CSES Module 1 | are coded _ here. | | The fifth through eighth characters correspond to the election | year as specified in variable A1008. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A1005 >>> ID VARIABLE - RESPONDENT --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Respondent Identifier, unique across dataset. .................................................................. This variable is eighteen characters in length. | NOTES: A1005 | | This eighteen-character variable uniquely identifies a | respondent within the CSES. | | The variable is constructed from three components, variable | A1006 (CSES polity code), A1008 (election year), and A1009 | (respondent within election study). | | The first three characters are the numeric version of the | country codes created by the United Nations Statistics Division | ("Countries or areas, codes and abbreviations", revised | 13 February 2002). | | If appropriate, the fourth character distinguishes between | multiple studies conducted within a single country, for the same | election. The only example of this to be found in CSES Module 1 | is Belgium, which had a Flanders study (coded 1) and a Walloon | study (coded 2). All other election studies in CSES Module 1 | are coded 0 here. | | The fifth through eighth characters correspond to the election | year as specified in variable A1008. | | The last ten characters are the respondent identifier from | A1009, which is unique within each election study. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A1006 >>> ID COMPONENT - POLITY CSES CODE --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Polity Identifier CSES Code. .................................................................. 0360. AUSTRALIA 0561. BELGIUM-FLANDERS 0562. BELGIUM-WALLOON 1120. BELARUS 1240. CANADA 1520. CHILE 1580. TAIWAN 2030. CZECH REPUBLIC 2080. DENMARK 2760. GERMANY 8260. GREAT BRITAIN 3440. HONG KONG 3480. HUNGARY 3520. ICELAND 3760. ISRAEL 3920. JAPAN 4400. LITHUANIA 4840. MEXICO 5280. NETHERLANDS 5540. NEW ZEALAND 5780. NORWAY 6040. PERU 6160. POLAND 6200. PORTUGAL 6420. ROMANIA 6430. RUSSIA 7050. SLOVENIA 4100. SOUTH KOREA 7240. SPAIN 7520. SWEDEN 7560. SWITZERLAND 7640. THAILAND 8040. UKRAINE 8400. UNITED STATES | NOTES: A1006 | | This four-character variable uniquely identifies a polity | conducting an election study that is present in CSES Module 1. | | The first three characters are the numeric version of the | country codes created by the United Nations Statistics Division | ("Countries or areas, codes and abbreviations", revised | 13 February 2002). | | The fourth character distinguishes between multiple studies | conducted within a single country, for the same election. | The only example of this to be found in CSES Module 1 is | Belgium, which had a Flanders study (coded 1) and a Walloon | study (coded 2). All other election studies in CSES Module 1 | are coded 0 here. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A1006_UN >>> ID COMPONENT - POLITY UN CODE --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Polity Identifier UN Country Code. .................................................................. 036. AUSTRALIA 056. BELGIUM 112. BELARUS 124. CANADA 152. CHILE 158. TAIWAN 203. CZECH REPUBLIC 208. DENMARK 276. GERMANY 826. GREAT BRITAIN 344. HONG KONG 348. HUNGARY 352. ICELAND 376. ISRAEL 392. JAPAN 440. LITHUANIA 484. MEXICO 528. NETHERLANDS 554. NEW ZEALAND 578. NORWAY 604. PERU 616. POLAND 620. PORTUGAL 642. ROMANIA 643. RUSSIA 705. SLOVENIA 410. SOUTH KOREA 724. SPAIN 752. SWEDEN 756. SWITZERLAND 764. THAILAND 804. UKRAINE 840. UNITED STATES | NOTES: A1006_UN | | This three-character variable uniquely identifies a polity | conducting an election study that is present in CSES Module 1. | | It consists of the numeric version of the country codes created | by the United Nations Statistics Division ("Countries or areas, | codes and abbreviations", revised 13 February 2002). --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A1006_NAM>>> ID COMPONENT - POLITY NAME --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Polity Identifier Country Name. .................................................................. Australia Belarus Belgium Canada Chile Czech Republic Denmark Germany Great Britain Hong Kong Hungary Iceland Israel Japan Lithuania Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Peru Poland Portugal Republic of Korea Romania Russian Federation Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Taiwan Thailand Ukraine United States of America | NOTES: A1006_NAM | | This variable uniquely identifies a polity conducting an | election study that is present in CSES Module 1. | | It consists of country names based on those used by the United | Nations Statistics Division ("Countries or areas, codes and | abbreviations", revised 13 February 2002). However, in some | instances, country names deviate from those used by the United | Nations. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A1007 >>> SAMPLE COMPONENT --------------------------------------------------------------------------- In some cases, analysts may wish to consider regions of countries or other sample components as units of analysis, rather than the elections themselves. This variable identifies these sample components. Where these sample components do not exist this variable reports 001. .................................................................. 001. [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] . . | NOTES: Note, this variable replaces A1007 "OLD POLITY CODE" | reported in an earlier version of the datafile. The "OLD | POLITY CODE" variable provided country codes used in versions | of the CSES Module 1 datafile released prior to July 26, 2002. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GERMANY (1998): A1007 | | CSES CODE ELECTION STUDY RESPONSE CATEGORY/CODE | 001. WEST GERMANY | 002. EAST GERMANY | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NEW ZEALAND (1996): A1007 | | 001. POSTAL NEW SAMPLE (INCLUDING MAORI SAMPLE) | 002. POSTAL PANEL FROM 1993 AND 1990 | 006. POSTAL CAMPAIGN | | Post-Election Study (1=postal new sample): Respondents to | the post election survey were randomly selected from the 1996 | electoral roll and sent a self completion questionnaire. | | Maori Sample (1=postal new sample): As part of the post-election | survey, persons on the Maori roll were oversampled allowing for | an analysis of Maori political attitudes and behaviour. Persons | randomly selected from the Maori electoral rolls were mailed | self-administered questionnaires. | | Panel Study (2 = postal panel from 1993 and 1990): Each elector | survey includes a panel of respondents carried through from the | previous study, making it possible to track patterns of | individual-level change. The 1996 survey includes the final wave | of a panel of respondents who participated in the 1993 and 1990 | NZES. | | The Campaign Wave (6 = postal campaign): A pre-election survey | was conducted over the course of the campaign to track short- | term changes in voting behaviour. The rolling cross section was | conducted 5 September through 11 October, during which time | approximately 120 computer-assisted telephone interviews per | day were conducted with randomly selected New Zealanders of | voting age. Respondents' names and addresses were also requested | and those who supplied them were sent a postal questionnaire | after the election. | | The post-election wave of the campaign sample was added to the | post-election sample from the electoral rolls, the Maori sample | and the panel and these components comprise the complete post- | election data set. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A1008 >>> ID COMPONENT - ELECTION YEAR --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Election year. .................................................................. 1996-2002. ELECTION YEAR --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A1009 >>> ID COMPONENT - RESPONDENT WITHIN ELECTION STUDY --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Respondent identifier, unique for each survey respondent within an election study. .................................................................. This variable is ten characters in length. | NOTES: A1009 | | While this variable uniquely identifies a respondent within | an election study, it is not unique across the entire dataset. | | The variable is ten digits in length. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CHILE (1999): A1009 | | There were two sets of duplicate case identification codes in | the original deposit. They have been recoded in the following | way: | | IF A1009=683 AND A2001=41 THEN A1009=685 | IF A1009=848 AND A2001=68 THEN A1009=849 | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - DENMARK (1998): A1009 | | There was one duplicate case identification code present in the | original deposit. It has been recoded in the following way: | | IF A1009=95 AND A2003=4 THEN A1009=8095 | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HONG KONG (1998): A1009 | | There were two sets of duplicate case identification codes in | the original deposit. They have been recoded in the following | way: | | IF A1009=324 AND A2003=5 THEN A1009=1324. | IF A1009=522 AND A2003=8 THEN A1009=1522. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PORTUGAL (2002): A1009 | | There was one duplicate case identification code in the | original deposit. It has been recoded in the following way: | | IF A1009=2093 AND A2001=34 THEN A1009=2092. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - RUSSIA (1999): A1009 | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - RUSSIA (2000): A1009 | | There are three sets of case identification codes used in the | original deposit. The CSES data files incorporate those | assigned in the pre-parliamentary wave of the study, labeled | 'MREDID' in the original deposit. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A1010_1 >>> ORIGINAL WEIGHT: SAMPLE A1010_2 >>> ORIGINAL WEIGHT: DEMOGRAPHIC A1010_3 >>> ORIGINAL WEIGHT: POLITICAL --------------------------------------------------------------------------- | NOTES: | | These variables report the original weights provided with the | survey data by the deposit. | | Sample weights include those intended to correct for unequal | selection probabilities resulting from "booster" samples, | procedures for selection within the household, non-response, | as well as other features of the sample design. | | Demographic weights adjust sample distributions of socio- | demographic characteristics so that it more closely resembles | the characteristics of the population. | | Political weights reconcile discrepancies in the reported | electoral behavior of the survey respondents from the official | vote counts. | | In cases where a collaborator provides a single weight that is | a combination of one or more of the three weight categories | (sample, demographic, and political), the weight is duplicated | in the two or more appropriate variables. Thus, analysts using | two or more of the weights simultaneously will need to account | for this duplication. | | Use of weights is at the discretion of the analyst based upon | the considerations of their individual research question. We | recommend that analysts familiarize themselves with the | weights, their components, and their methods of creation before | applying them. | | Additionally, analysts will want to keep in mind that these | weights are prepared to be election study weights, not country | weights. To convert the weights to country weights requires an | adjustment for those countries for which one or more polities | or election studies appear in the dataset. | | Where a weight of a particular type is not available, these | variables are coded 1. | | TABLE: SUMMARY OF ELECTION STUDY WEIGHTS, BY TYPE OF WEIGHT. | | SAMPLE DEMOGRAPHIC POLITICAL NO WEIGHT | WEIGHT WEIGHT WEIGHT PROVIDED | --------------------------------------- | AUSTRALIA 1996 X | BELARUS 2001 X | BELGIUM-FLANDERS 1999 X X | BELGIUM-WALLOON 1999 X X | CANADA 1997 X | CHILE 1999 X | CZECH REPUBLIC 1996 X | DENMARK 1998 X X | GERMANY 1998 X X X | GREAT BRITAIN 1997 X | HONG KONG 1998 X | HONG KONG 2000 X | HUNGARY 1998 X | ICELAND 1999 X | ISRAEL 1996 X | JAPAN 1996 X | LITHUANIA 1997 X | MEXICO 1997 X X | MEXICO 2000 X X | NETHERLANDS 1998 X X X | NEW ZEALAND 1996 X X | NORWAY 1997 X | PERU 2000 X | PERU 2001 X | POLAND 1997 X X | PORTUGAL 2002 X | ROMANIA 1996 X | RUSSIA 1999 X | RUSSIA 2000 X | SLOVENIA 1996 X | SOUTH KOREA 2000 X | SPAIN 1996 X | SPAIN 2000 X | SWEDEN 1998 X | SWITZERLAND 1999 X | TAIWAN 1996 X | THAILAND 2001 X | UNITED STATES 1996 X X | UKRAINE 1998 X | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - A1010_1 to A1010_3 | | Users should note that there are several cases in which | individual weights (A1010-A1014) for CSES Module 1 are equal to | 0. | This is evident in Spain (1 record), Netherlands (287 records), | and Belgium-Walloon (447 records). | This seems to have has occurred because some of the data used to | calculate the weights were unavailable for some of the | respondents. Those respondents with missing data in the | components had their weights set to zero. | Because this was a collaborator decision and the weights appear | this way in the original data deposits, no change was made by the | CSES staff. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BELGIUM-FLANDERS (1999): A1010-A1012 | | The BELGIUM-FLANDERS (1999) election study provides both a | demographic weight and a political weight. Note that the | political weight incorporates demographic corrections, as | discussed below. | | The following advice is provided by the collaborators in | Belgium-Flanders with regards to weighting: | | "In order to compensate for non responses, data can be | post-stratified. Adjustments are used to give different weights | to weighting classes in the sample to compensate for the | different non-response rates. | | This dataset contains two weighting coefficients. The first | weighting coefficient is based on the distribution of | age*gender*education and is displayed by Table [1]. For the | calculation of this weighting coefficient, the variables R2 | (gender, 2 categories), AGE6 (age, 6 categories) and EDUC5 | (education level, 5 categories) were used. The second | coefficient is based on the age*gender*education*voting | behavior 1999 marginal distribution. We used R2 (gender, 2 | categories), AGE6 (age, 6 categories), EDUC4 (education level, | 4 categories) and VOT99 (voting behavior 1999, 6 categories) . | | Different methods can be used to generate weights. The method | used by the ISPO is a population-based method in which | information on population subclasses is used to calculate | weighting coefficients. More specifically, four variables are | used for post-stratification: age, gender, education and voting | behavior in the 1999 General Election. Since the joint | distribution of these four variables in the population is not | known, we use IPF (Iterative Proportional Fitting), a technique | that uses all available information of known population | distributions and known sample information. The idea behind | this method is to make the marginal distributions of the | stratification variables conform with the population marginal | distributions without distorting the pattern of the joint sample | distribution . | | As is well known, there are various debates on the use of | coefficients. The user him or herself should decide whether or | not to use the weighting coefficients. The use of weights | depends very much on the nature and the purpose of the analysis. | If used, it is strongly recommended to apply the weighting | adjustments with care and to interpret the findings with | caution" (Meersseman, et al. (2001). "1999 General Election | Study of Flanders-Belgium; Codebook: Questions and Frequency | Tables." K.U., Leuven: Interuniversity Centre for Public | Opinion Research). | | Table [1] | Weighing coefficients for the Flemish sample, 1999 | | NE or Higher | PE LSE HSE Educ. Univ. | -------------------------------------- | M 18-24 1.000 0.218 1.959 0.666 0.498 | M 25-34 2.295 1.324 1.023 0.717 0.929 | M 35-44 1.745 0.907 1.039 0.572 0.679 | M 45-54 1.225 0.584 0.960 0.627 0.493 | M 55-64 1.005 0.791 0.954 0.481 0.565 | M 65-79 1.629 0.510 0.890 0.436 0.834 | F 18-24 7.908 2.709 2.424 0.647 0.633 | F 25-34 2.446 1.522 1.173 1.016 0.646 | F 35-44 2.460 0.947 0.946 0.605 1.003 | F 45-54 1.552 0.861 0.847 0.701 0.658 | F 55-64 1.527 0.777 0.771 0.555 0.464 | F 65-79 2.124 0.720 0.758 0.521 0.418 | | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GREAT BRITAIN (1997): A1010-A1012 | | The GREAT BRITAIN (1997) election study provides a sample | weight. | | The following text was included in a document provided with the | British deposit: | | "Weighting: | | The British file needs to be weighted to take account of: | | (a) unequal selection probabilities (slightly | simplified: households were selected with equal probability and | weighting is required to take account of unequal household | sizes) | | (b) an extra boost sample in Scotland non-response." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CANADA (1997): A1010-A1012 | | The CANADA (1997) election study provides five sample | weights. Election study variable CPSNWGT1 was used in | creation of the CSES Sample Weight. The remaining four | weights are not available in this file, as they are primarily | intended for within-region analysis. Researchers who | are interested in them will want to reference the original | election study. | | The following weight documentation was included in "1997 | Canadian Election Study: Technical Documentation": | | For purposes of sample design the country was divided into six | "regions": | | 1. the East (Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island | and New Brunswick); | 2. Quebec; | 3. Ontario; | 4. the Midwest (Manitoba and Saskatchewan); | 5. the West (Alberta and British Columbia); and | 6. the Territories. | | Smaller provinces and the territories were, relative to their | population, over-represented in the sample. The | overrepresentation of the smaller provinces facilitates | comparison between the six regions. A minimum of 400 interviews | were allocated to each region, with a larger allocation of | sample going to the larger regions/ provinces. The sample was | distributed equally among the provinces when there was more than | one province in the region. For example, the 400 cases in the | Atlantic region were equally distributed among the provinces of | Newfoundland, Prince Edward Island (PEI), Nova Scotia and New | Brunswick. Unlike Ontario, Quebec was not under-represented in | the sample. The larger sample for Quebec (relative to Ontario) | ensures enough observations in Quebec so that attitudes towards | separation can be factored into analysis. Because the sample | distribution is not proportional to the population of the | provinces and territories, the data must be weighted before | national estimates are derived... The weights are calculated by | dividing the province or territories or territories' proportion | of the households in the sample. Ontario has the largest weight | (1.5) as the province has 36 percent of Canada's households, but | only 24 percent of the sample. In preparing national estimates | each Ontario case will count for 1.5 observations in the | weighted data set; that is, Ontario is "weighted up" so that the | impact of the Ontario sample on national estimates is an | accurate reflection of Ontario's proportion of the number of | households in Canada. Conversely, for provinces or territories | where the weights are very small, for example PEI (.1736) and | the Northwest Territories (.0653), the proportion of the sample | allocated to the province or territory was greater than that | province or territories' proportion of the population. As a | result, each case is "weighted down." | | Random Digit Dialing methods were used to identify households | for inclusion in the survey by randomly generating residential | telephone numbers. Within households, respondents were randomly | selected using the "next birthday" method. Note, "the | probability of an adult member of the household being selected | for an interview varies inversely with the number of people | living in that household (in a household with only one adult, | that adult has a 100 percent chance of selection, in a two adult | household each adult has a 50 percent chance of selection, | etc.). As a result, it is possible that analyses based on | unweighted estimates are biased, as one adult households are | over-represented, and larger households are under-represented in | the data set." | | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CHILE (1999): A1010-A1012 | | The CHILE (1999) election study provides a political weight. | | The Chilean study was conducted between the first and second | run-off rounds of the presidential election. To compensate for | the differences in the results of these elections, the | collaborator has provided this weight. It is constructed in the | following way: If the respondent indicated that they had voted | in the first round for: | | Lagos, a1010_3= 0.894064 | Lavin, a1010_3= 1.141058 | Another candidates, CHILWT1=1.0000 | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - DENMARK (1998): A1010-A1012 | | The DENMARK (1998) election study provides both a demographic | weight and a political weight. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GERMANY (1998): A1010-A1012 | | The German (1998) election study provides a sample correction, | a demographic, and a political weight. Note that the political | weight incorporates demographic corrections. | | A1010_1 - This weight corrects east-west sample sizes | to allow for representative national estimates. While | the sample sizes are almost equal, the populations are not. | A1010_2 - Weight: Sociodemographic | A1010_3 - Weight: Recall X Sociodemographic | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HUNGARY (1998): A1010-A1012 | | The HUNGARY (1998) election study provides a demographic weight. | | From the Hungarian "Description of Sample and Data Collection": | | a) Are the data weighted? Yes _X_ No ___ If yes: | b) Are the data weighted to compensate for disproportionate | probability of selection at the person or household | level? Yes ___ No _X_ | c) Are the data weighted to match known demographic | characteristics of the population? Yes _X_ No ___ | d) Are the data weighted to correct for non-response? | Yes ___ No _X_ | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - JAPAN (1996): A1010-A1012 | | The JAPAN (1996) election study provides a sample weight. | | From the election study documentation: | | The weight to correct for sampling bias is generated by the | following steps: | | 1) For each stratum, an adjusted target sample size is | calculated by multiplying the original sample size by the | overall response rate. Take the Hokkaido/13 Metropolitan Cities | stratum as an example. The adjusted target sample is 21.19762 | (29 x 1,535 / 2,100) (See table below). | | 2) The weight, then, is a factor that adjusts the actual to the | adjusted target sample size. For the same strata, the weight is | 1.009410 (21.19762 / 21). | | 3) In the SPSS weight data set (cese96JPv2 weight.sav), each | respondent receives a weight value that corresponds with the | stratum to which the respondent belongs. | | TABLE: | JAPAN SAMPLING STRATIFICATION AND WEIGHT GENERATION SCHEME | | City Size | --------------------------------------------------------------- | | 13 Metro Cities Cities Other Towns& Total | PR block | Cities >= 200th >= 100th Cities Villages | --------------------------------------------------------------- | HOKKAIDO | Prime | 2 1 2 1 2 8 | Second | 29 11 17 15 23 95 | Actual | 21 8 14 8 16 67 | Adjusted| 21.19762 8.04048 12.42619 10.96429 16.81190 | Weight | 1.009410 1.005060 0.887585 1.370536 1.050744 | | TOHOKU | Prime | 1 3 1 3 4 12 | Second | 15 39 10 40 62 166 | Actual | 12 26 8 30 46 122 | Adjusted| 10.96429 28.50714 7.30952 29.23810 45.31905 | Weight | 0.913690 1.096429 0.91369 0.974603 0.985197 | | KITA-KANTO | Prime | NA 5 3 4 4 16 | Second | - 68 37 59 61 225 | Actual | - 51 29 49 44 173 | Adjusted| - 49.70476 27.04524 43.12619 44.58810 | Weight | - 0.974603 0.932594 0.880126 1.013366 | | MINAMI-KANTO | Prime | 6 5 3 2 2 18 | Second | 90 71 34 27 27 249 | Actual | 63 50 21 19 20 173 | Adjusted| 65.78571 51.89762 24.85238 19.73571 19.73571 | Weight | 1.044218 1.037952 1.183447 1.038722 0.986786 | | TOKYO | Prime | 9 2 2 1 0 14 | Second | 141 18 31 15 0 205 | Actual | 98 13 22 10 0 67 | Adjusted| 103.06429 13.15714 22.65952 10.96429 0 | Weight | 1.051676 1.012088 1.029978 1.096429 - | | TOKAI | Prime | 3 5 3 3 4 18 | Second | 36 65 37 48 55 241 | Actual | 27 50 30 35 42 184 | Adjusted| 26.31429 47.51190 27.04524 35.08571 40.20238 | Weight | 0.974603 0.950238 0.901508 1.002449 0.957200 | | HOKURIKU/SHINETSU | Prime | NA 2 2 3 3 10 | Second | - 31 17 39 45 132 | Actual | - 21 15 31 34 101 | Adjusted| - 22.65952 12.42619 28.50714 32.89286 | Weight | - 1.079025 0.828413 0.919585 0.967437 | | KINKI | Prime | 6 7 3 4 3 23 | Second | 92 111 38 52 48 341 | Actual | 60 71 25 36 37 229 | Adjusted| 67.24762 81.13571 27.77619 38.00952 35.08571 | Weight | 1.120794 1.142757 1.111048 1.055820 0.948263 | | CHUGOK | Prime | 2 2 2 2 3 11 | Second | 18 31 20 26 36 131 | Actual | 15 24 11 19 35 104 | Adjusted| 13.15714 22.65952 14.61905 19.00476 26.31429 | Weight | 0.877143 0.944147 1.329004 1.000251 0.751837 | | SHIKOKU | Prime | NA 2 0 2 2 6 | Second | - 25 0 19 28 72 | Actual | - 14 0 16 24 54 | Adjusted| - 18.27381 0 13.88810 20.46667 | Weight | - 1.305272 - 0.868006 0.852778 | | KYUSHU | Prime | 3 4 1 4 6 18 | Second | 37 51 15 58 82 243 | Actual | 29 33 10 49 64 185 | Adjusted| 27.04524 37.27857 10.96429 42.39524 59.93810 | Weight | 0.932594 1.129654 1.096429 0.865209 0.936533 | | TOTAL | Prime | 32 38 22 29 33 154 | Second | 458 521 256 398 467 2100 | Actual | 325 361 185 302 362 1535 | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - LITHUANIA (1997): A1010-A1012 | | The LITHUANIA (1997) election study provides a demographic | weight. | | From "Description of Sample and Data Collection Report": | | a) Are the data weighted? Yes | b) Are the data weighted to compensate for disproportionate | probability of selection at the person or household | level? No | c) Are the data weighted to match "known" demographic | characteristics of the population? Yes (See Table below) | d) Are the data weighted to correct for non-response? No | e) Describe the procedure to construct the sample weight: | Sample weighted by sex, age, education, size of | settlement (interlocking variables). Indexes calculated. | The unweighted and weighted distributions are compared | against the population estimates, below. | | Characteristic Population Sample Estimates | Estimates Unweighted Weighted | AGE: | 18-25 17.1% 13.1% 18.1% | 26-40 32.4% 32.8% 32.7% | 41-64 40.5% 41.4% 35.3% | 65-74 10.0% 12.7% 13.9% | | EDUCATION: | Incomplete secondary 40.5% 26.5% 39.3% | Secondary completed, | vocational school 46.6% 54.8% 47.5% | Higher, unfinished higher 12.9% 18.7% 13.2% | | GENDER: | Male 46.8% 50.0% 46.8% | Female 53.2% 50.0% 53.2% | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - MEXICO (1997): A1010-A1012 | | The MEXICO (1997) election study contained a weight that | corrected for both sample and demographics. | | From "Description of Sample and Data Collection": | | a) Are the data weighted? Yes _X__ No ___ If yes: | b) Are the data weighted to compensate for disproportionate | probability of selection at the person or household | level? Yes ___ No _X__ | c) Are the data weighted to match known demographic | characteristics of the population? Yes _X__ No ___ | d) Are the data weighted to correct for non-response? | Yes _X__ No ___ | | The weight is the inverse of the probability of selection of | the respondent, adjusted by the non-response rate, using | quotas by sex and age. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - MEXICO (2000): A1010-A1012 | | The MEXICO (2000) election study contains a weight that | corrects for both sample (non-response) and demographics | (gender and age) according to 1995 sample estimates. | | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NETHERLANDS (1998): A1010-A1012 | | The NETHERLANDS (1998) election study provides a demographic- | political correction, and a sample weight. A third weight | that corrects for the rolling cross-section design of the | pre-election study is also available, but is not included in | this data file. | | The weighting variable was provided by Statistics Netherlands, | and constructed by means of the Bascula program. This weight is | explored and defended in (Schmeets & Molin 1990) and | (CBS 1992a). The weight ('model 4') is based upon actual voting | behavior (including non-voting) , age group (18-24; 25-34; 35-44; | 45-54; 55-64; 65-74; 75 and older), sex, marital status | (married; divorced; widow(er); not-married), degree of | urbanization (see V0013) and region (see V0010). In the original | weighing factor M4 household size was taken into account | (Schmeets & Molin 1992: 13 and 23), however, because a sample of | persons instead of households was used, this correction was not | performed in the construction of this weight. Since the CBS | weight is partly based on electoral behavior, it can only be | computed for those respondents about whom information on their | electoral behavior is available, i.e. the respondents in the | post-election wave of interviews. The minimum value of weight 1 | is of course 0, the maximum value is 3,75. The variance is | 0.473. The mean is 0.86, due to the fact that first wave | respondents not participating in the second wave are not | included (weight = 0). | | Simple post-stratification weight: | | The simple post-stratification weight only adjusts for flaws in | the net pre-election sample when compared to the desired number | of sample units according to the stratification table, Table 11 | (shown below). Table 11 contains 18 non-empty cells, so that | this variable has only 18 distinct values. For computing these | weights, Statistics Netherlands provided a table with the | population figures of persons aged 18 and over for all | Netherlands municipalities, on January 1, 1998. On the basis | of this table, the number of enfranchised persons in each cell | of the stratification table could be computed*. The realized | number of pre-election interviews (refer to Table 11) should | ideally have an identical distribution over the cells of the | table. However, the actual numbers of successful pre-election | interviews in the cells of the table deviate, and this variable | can be used to correct for this deviation (and this deviation | only). Each respondent was assigned a value this variable | depending on the cell of Table 11 this respondent belongs to, | and according to the formula: | | (population aged 18 and over in cell) (total respondents) | ------------------------------------- X --------------------- | (total population aged 18 and over) (respondents in cell) | | Thus computed, this variable has a minimum value of .47, a | maximum value of 2.12, and its variance is .008. Its mean value, | of course, is 1. | | * Not all persons aged 18 and over in a municipality are | enfranchised: e.g., foreigners and persons in mental | institutions are not. The potential bias that might have | resulted from an non-uniform distribution of adults without the | right to vote over the stratification table, was ignored. | | The cells in the table below report: | | A. # inhabitants (Dec. 1997) | B. # units in gross sample | C. # units to be interviewed | D. # interviews (1st wave) | | "CATEG." (category) implies the degree of urbanization, where 1 | is the highest degree of urbanization. | | DUTCH SAMPLE STRATIFICATION TABLE | | CATEG.| REGION: | ======|========================================= | | NORTH EAST WEST SOUTH TOTAL | | ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- | 1 | 168754 0 2572645 0 2741399 | | 51 658 709 | | 22 330 352 | | 28 289 317 | 2 | 88722 710011 1873212 1006817 3678762 | | 55 215 505 266 1041 | | 12 91 241 129 473 | | 26 115 252 152 545 | 3 | 298634 851263 1219189 847918 3217004 | | 87 277 368 276 1008 | | 38 109 157 109 413 | | 45 137 190 132 504 | 4 | 398953 1023902 945011 953255 3321121 | | 94 226 286 123 729 | | 51 132 121 123 427 | | 51 116 144 63 374 | 5 | 678058 638035 653268 632242 2601603 | | 194 141 123 262 720 | | 87 82 84 81 334 | | 87 70 64 140 361 | ======|========================================= | TOTAL | 1633121 3223211 7263325 3440232 15559889 | | 481 859 1940 927 4207 | | 210 414 934 442 2000 | | 237 438 938 487 2101 | | | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NEW ZEALAND (1996): A1010-A1012 | | The NEW ZEALAND (1996) election study provided a weight that | corrects for both sample and politics. | | "The New Zealand sample in the CSES is made up of three | components: first, a 'new sample' coded 1 in A1007. This was | sampled from the electoral rolls but contains an over sample | from the 5 Maori electorates. Second, a panel, containing | persons sampled over one or both of the two previous elections | (2 in A1007). Finally, persons sampled by randomly selected | telephone numbers and random respondent selection within the | household (6 in A1007). | | A1010 first weights correct the effects of the Maori | over-sample, and by household size to prevent a bias | toward persons in smaller households. It then weights by party | vote and non-vote across the three A1007 codes. | | A simpler weight correcting the oversample in A1007=1 and for | household size in A1007=6 can be obtained on request from the | New Zealand Election Study (see www.nzes.org)." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - POLAND (1997): A1010-A1012 | | The POLAND (1997) election study contains a weight that | corrects for both sample and demographics. | | From "Description of Sample Design and Data Collection": | | "Are the data weight to compensate for disproportionate | probability of selection at the person or household | level?" YES | "Are the data weighted to match known demographic | characteristics of the population?" YES | "Are the data weighted to correct for non-response?" No | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - RUSSIA (1999): A1010-A1012 | | The Russia (1999) election study provided a sample weight. | | From "Description of Sample Design and Data Collection": | | a) Are weights included in the data file? Yes: The Kish | procedure selects one adult from all eligible adults in each | household. This means, for example, that adults in a | three-adult household have only one-third the probability of | selection of eligible adults in one-adult households. One | can adjust for this by using a weight based on the number of | eligible adults in each household. For the pre-parliamentary | election survey, the computed weight in the dataset is named | KISHWEIGH. | | b) Are the weights designed to compensate for disproportionate | probability of selection at the person or household level? Yes | | c) Are the weights designed to match known demographic | characteristics of the population? No | | d) Are the data weighted to correct for non-response? No | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - RUSSIA (2000): A1010-A1012 | | The Russia (2000) election study provided a sample weight. | | From "Description of Sample Design and Data Collection": | | a) Are weights included in the data file? Yes: The Kish | procedure selects one adult from all eligible adults in each | household. This means, for example, that adults in a | three-adult household have only one-third the probability of | selection of eligible adults in one-adult households. One | can adjust for this by using a weight based on the number of | eligible adults in each household. For the pre-parliamentary | election survey, the computed weight in the dataset is named | KISHWEIGH. | | b) Are the weights designed to compensate for disproportionate | probability of selection at the person or household level? Yes | | c) Are the weights designed to match known demographic | characteristics of the population? No | | d) Are the data weighted to correct for non-response? No | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SPAIN (1996): A1010-A1012 | | The Spain (1996) election study provided a demographic weight. | | The following text was provided by the collaborator: | | "The weight variable is a matrix with eight cells, since we have | the option to weigh the sample according to the Sex-Age (2 x 4) | distribution of the Spanish population 18 years and over. In | fact, the unweighted data are very similar to the real | population distribution, but for those who want exact | proportions we provide the matrix for weighting the sample. | | The weight matrix is as follows: | PonM (0.13243) Man who is 18 - 29 years old | PonM (0.16978) Man who is 30 -49 years old | PonM (0.10424) Man who is 50 - 64 years old | PonM (0.07538) Man who is 65 or more years old | PonM (0.12836) Woman who is 18 - 29 years old | PonM (0.17039) Woman who is 30 - 49 years old | PonM (0.11145) Woman who is 50 - 64 years old | PonM (0.10797) Woman who is 65 or more years old" | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SPAIN (2000): A1010-A1012 | | The Spain (2000) election study provides a demographic weight, | constructed in the following way: | | Age Male Female | 18-29 0.13243 0.12836 | 30-49 0.16978 0.17039 | 50-64 0.10424 0.11145 | 65/more 0.07538 0.10798 | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWITZERLAND (1999): A1010-A1012 | | The SWITZERLAND (1999) election study provided a sample weight. | | The following note was provided with the deposit: | | "This additional [weight] variable includes the weights | according to respondents' household sizes." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - UNITED STATES (1996): A1010-A1012 | | The United States (1996) election study provides a sample- | demographic weight. | | This weight was created for the primary purpose of correcting | for under-representation in study data of younger and | less-educated respondents, and is post-stratified to match the | Current Population Study (CPS) estimate of the distribution of | age group by education level. It is the product of a | within-household selection weight, a household-level | non response adjustment factor, and the person-level | post-stratification factor described above. The non response | adjustment factor compensates for differential response rates by | Census Region and metropolitan status. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A1011_1 >>> FACTOR: MEAN OF SAMPLE WEIGHT A1011_2 >>> FACTOR: MEAN OF DEMOGRAPHIC WEIGHT A1011_3 >>> FACTOR: MEAN OF POLITICAL WEIGHT --------------------------------------------------------------------------- | NOTES: A1011 | | These variables report the mean weight of each type, within each | polity. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A1012_1 >>> POLITY WEIGHT: SAMPLE A1012_2 >>> POLITY WEIGHT: DEMOGRAPHIC A1012_3 >>> POLITY WEIGHT: POLITICAL --------------------------------------------------------------------------- | NOTES: A1012 | | These variables report standardized versions (with | a mean 1 within the polity) of the original weights provided | with the component election studies, described in A1010. | They are the ratio of each weighting factor to the mean | weight (A1011) of each type, calculated within each polity. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A1013 >>> FACTOR: SAMPLE SIZE ADJUSTMENT --------------------------------------------------------------------------- | NOTES: This variable reports the ratio of the average sample | size to each election study sample. Note that this factor is | calculated on the basis of the samples appearing in the CSES | data files (i.e. does not incorporate booster samples, | panel respondents who did not participate in the CSES wave of | multi-wave studies, etc.). Further, this factor treats | elections, and not political systems, as the unit of analysis. | Analysts wishing to compare across-countries, instead of | across-election studies, should adjust this weight accordingly. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A1014_1 >>> DATASET WEIGHT: SAMPLE A1014_2 >>> DATASET WEIGHT: DEMOGRAPHIC A1014_3 >>> DATASET WEIGHT: POLITICAL --------------------------------------------------------------------------- | NOTES: These variables are intended for micro level analyses | involving the entire CSES sample. Using the sample size | adjustment (A1013), the centered weights (A1012) are corrected | such that each election study component contributes equally to | the analysis, regardless of the original sample size. Users are | advised to read the notes of the preceding variables carefully | so as to ensure that their analyses will be weighted | appropriately. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A1015 >>> ELECTION TYPE --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Type of election. .................................................................. 10. PARLIAMENTARY/LEGISLATIVE 12. PARLIAMENTARY/LEGISLATIVE AND PRESIDENTIAL 13. PARLIAMENTARY/LEGISLATIVE AND PRIME MINISTER 20. PRESIDENTIAL 30. HEAD OF GOVERNMENT --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A1016 >>> DATE 1ST ROUND ELECTION BEGAN - MONTH A1017 >>> DATE 1ST ROUND ELECTION BEGAN - DAY A1018 >>> DATE 1ST ROUND ELECTION BEGAN - YEAR A1019 >>> DATE 2ND ROUND ELECTION BEGAN - MONTH A1020 >>> DATE 2ND ROUND ELECTION BEGAN - DAY A1021 >>> DATE 2ND ROUND ELECTION BEGAN - YEAR --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Date [first round/second round] election began. .................................................................. MONTH 01. JANUARY 02. FEBRUARY 03. MARCH 04. APRIL 05. MAY 06. JUNE 07. JULY 08. AUGUST 09. SEPTEMBER 10. OCTOBER 11. NOVEMBER 12. DECEMBER 00. NOT APPLICABLE - NO SECOND ROUND ELECTIONS DAY 01-31. DAY OF MONTH 00. NOT APPLICABLE - NO SECOND ROUND ELECTIONS YEAR 1996-2002. YEAR 0000. NOT APPLICABLE - NO SECOND ROUND ELECTIONS | NOTES: A1016-A1021 | | If the election described in variable A1015 was held on a | single date, that date is represented in this variable. If the | election described in variable A1015 was held on more than | one date, this variable describes the earliest date. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CZECH REPUBLIC (1996): A1016-A1021 | | Parliamentary elections were held May 31, 1996 - June 1, 1996 | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ROMANIA (1996): A1016-A1021 | | Only presidential candidates contest in the second round of | elections. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A1022 >>> STUDY TIMING --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Timing of study relative to election. .................................................................. 1. POST-ELECTION STUDY 2. PRE-ELECTION AND POST-ELECTION STUDY 3. BETWEEN ROUNDS OF MAJORITARIAN ELECTION --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A1023 >>> MODE OF INTERVIEW --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Mode of interview. .................................................................. 1. PERSONAL 2. TELEPHONE 3. SELF-ADMINISTERED (MAIL; SELF-COMPLETED SUPPLEMENT) 4. COMBINATION OF TELEPHONE AND MAIL-BACK 5. COMBINATION OF FACE-TO-FACE AND SELF-ADMINISTERED | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GREAT BRITAIN (1997): A1023 | | The CSES questions were handed to the respondent at the end of a | face-to-face interview as a self-completion supplement. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NETHERLANDS (1998): A1023 | | Although supplementary data (see note for variable A1022) | were collected using self-completion questionnaires or telephone | administration, the pre-election and post-election waves were | conducted face to face. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - UNITED STATES (1996): A1023 | | This variable represents the beginning mode of the post-election | interview. In some cases, interviews were suspended and resumed | later in a different mode. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A1024 >>> INTERVIEWER WITHIN ELECTION STUDY --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Interviewer identification variable, within election study. .................................................................. 00001-99995. INTERVIEWER IDENTIFIER 99999. MISSING | NOTES: A1024 | | This variable uniquely identifies an interviewer within an | election study. It is not unique across the entire dataset. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWITZERLAND (1999): A1024 | | On some of the interviewers there is no information available. | For these cases a new missing category 99999 MISSING has been | introduced to variable A1024. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - UNITED STATES (1996): A1024 | | This is the identifier for the interviewer in the post-election | study. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A1025 >>> INTERVIEWER GENDER --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Gender of interviewer. .................................................................. 1. MALE 2. FEMALE 9. MISSING | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CANADA (1997): A1025 | | Gender information was not provided for supervisors, who are | coded here as 9. MISSING. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NETHERLANDS (1998): A1025 | | This is the post-election interviewer gender (see note for | variable DESIGN). --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A1026 >>> DATE QUESTIONNAIRE ADMINISTERED - MONTH A1027 >>> DATE QUESTIONNAIRE ADMINISTERED - DAY A1028 >>> DATE QUESTIONNAIRE ADMINISTERED - YEAR --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Date that the questionnaire was administered. .................................................................. MONTH 01. JANUARY 02. FEBRUARY 03. MARCH 04. APRIL 05. MAY 06. JUNE 07. JULY 08. AUGUST 09. SEPTEMBER 10. OCTOBER 11. NOVEMBER 12. DECEMBER 99. MISSING DAY 01-31. DAY OF MONTH 99. MISSING YEAR 1996-2002. YEAR 9999. MISSING | NOTES: A1026-A1028 | | See also notes for variable A2026. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CHILE (1999): A1026-A1028 | | This study was conducted between "rounds" of the presidential | election (i.e. in early January, 2000). However, some of the | data report dates outside of this time period. These instances | have been recoded as system missing data. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PORTUGAL (2002): A1026-1028 | | The Portuguese questionnaire was administered between the 23rd | of March and the 8th of April 2002. For this variable, it was | necessary to choose between one of the two months in which the | questionnaire was administered. It was decided to choose the | month when the questionnaire started to be administered, i.e. | March. | | The day on which each questionnaire was administered is not | available. | | Please note that the Portuguese election study was administered | after the general data collection phase of CSES Module 1 | (1996-2001). However, as the data were deposited in time for | processing and publication with the full release, they have been | included in Module 1. Note that the CSES Module 2 questions were | also included in this election study. Hence Portugal (2002) | appears in both modules. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - UNITED STATES (1996): A1026-A1028 | | This is the date of interview from the post-election study. =========================================================================== ))) CSES MODULE 1 MICRO-LEVEL DATA: DEMOGRAPHIC, VOTE CHOICE, AND ELECTION VARIABLES =========================================================================== --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A2001 >>> AGE --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Age of respondent (in years). .................................................................. 001. AGE RANGE 1 - SEE VARIABLE NOTES 002. AGE RANGE 2 - SEE VARIABLE NOTES 003. AGE RANGE 3 - SEE VARIABLE NOTES 004. AGE RANGE 4 - SEE VARIABLE NOTES 010-150. AGE, IN YEARS 998. DON'T KNOW 999. MISSING | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PERU (2000): A2001 | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PERU (2001): A2001 | | Ages in Peru (2000) and Peru (2001) were given as ranges; | those ranges are: | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | 001. 18-25 years | 002. 26-35 years | 003. 36-45 years | 004. 46-65 years --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A2002 >>> GENDER --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Gender of respondent. .................................................................. 1. MALE 2. FEMALE 9. MISSING --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A2003 >>> EDUCATION --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Highest level of education of the respondent. .................................................................. 1. NONE 2. INCOMPLETE PRIMARY 3. PRIMARY COMPLETED 4. INCOMPLETE SECONDARY 5. SECONDARY COMPLETED 6. POST-SECONDARY TRADE / VOCATIONAL SCHOOL 7. UNIVERSITY UNDERGRADUATE DEGREE INCOMPLETE 8. UNIVERSITY UNDERGRADUATE DEGREE COMPLETED 9. MISSING | NOTES: A2003 | | The categories listed were constructed to indicate the | following: | | Incomplete primary: R left school before completing the level | of education required (at the time R left school) for entry into | secondary school. | | Primary completed: R completed the level of education required | (at the time respondent left school) for entry into secondary | school, but has never attended secondary school. | | Incomplete secondary: R attended secondary school, but has never | achieved the minimum level of qualifications normally required | (at the time R left school) for entry into university or other | degree level higher education. Respondents currently studying | for such qualifications should also be included in this | category. | | Secondary completed: R has at least the minimum qualifications | normally required (at the time R left school) for entry into | university or other degree level higher education but has never | entered a university or other degree level course of higher | education. | | Post-secondary trade / vocational school: R has attended a | non-degree granting institution teaching a skilled trade, or | providing subdegree professional or technical. | | University incomplete: R has attended university or entered | other degree level of course of higher education but either left | before successful completion of an undergraduate level degree, | or has yet to complete a degree upon which currently embarked. | | University degree completed: R has undergraduate level or higher | degree. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - AUSTRALIA (1996): A2003 | | Four variables have been used to derive A2003: Age left | school (H1); Highest qualification since leaving school (H2); | Number of years of tertiary education (H3); and Occupation | last week (H4). (Australian Election Studies User's Guide, | pp. 88-89 and Questionnaire, p.22) | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 01. INCOMPLETE PRIMARY: | R completed school at age 10 | 02. PRIMARY COMPLETED: | R completed school between ages of 11-13 | 03. INCOMPLETE SECONDARY: | R completed school between ages of 14-16, or | R completed school between ages of 14-16 and had "Trade" or | "Non-trade" Qualifications | 04. SECONDARY COMPLETED: | R completed school at age 17 or above, or | R completed school at age 17 or above and had "Trade" or | "Non-trade" Qualifications | 05. POST-SECONDARY TRADE/VOCATIONAL SCHOOL: | R completed school at age 17 or above, had "Trade" or | "Non-trade" qualifications, and had completed one or more | years of "tertiary" education, or | R had an "Associate Diploma" qualification, or | R had an "Undergraduate Diploma" qualification | 06. UNIVERSITY INCOMPLETE | R completed school at age 17 or above, was "full-time school | or university student", had not previously completed a | university or higher degree, and HAD completed one or more | years of "tertiary" education, or | R completed school at age 17 or above, had not completed a | qualification, and had completed one or more years of | "tertiary" education | 07. UNIVERSITY DEGREE COMPLETED | R had a "Bachelor Degree" qualification, or | R had a "Postgraduate Degree or Diploma" qualification | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BELARUS (2001): A2003 | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 02. PRIMARY INCOMPLETE | 05. SECONDARY | 06. TECHNICAL | SPECIAL | 08. I INCOMPLETE HIGHER, HIGHER | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BELGIUM-FLANDERS (1999): A2003 | | A2003 is constructed as shown below (respondents were asked | to report the highest level completed): | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 01. NONE | 03. PRIMARY ELEMENTARY | 04. LOWER SECONDARY VOCATIONAL EDUCATION | LOWER TECHNICAL SECONDARY EDUCATION | LOWER GENERAL SECONDARY EDUCATION | 05. HIGHER VOCATIONAL EDUCATION | HIGHER TECHNICAL SECONDARY EDUCATION | 06. HIGHER GENERAL EDUCATION | 07. NON-UNIVERSITY HIGHER EDUCATION | 08. UNIVERSITY EDUCATION | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BELGIUM-WALLOON (1999): A2003 | | Note that this is not the same construction as was used with | the Flanders data. | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 01. NONE | 03. PRIMARY ELEMENTARY | 04. LOWER SECONDARY VOCATIONAL EDUCATION | LOWER TECHNICAL SECONDARY EDUCATION | LOWER GENERAL SECONDARY EDUCATION | 05. HIGHER VOCATIONAL EDUCATION | HIGHER TECHNICAL SECONDARY EDUCATION | HIGHER GENERAL EDUCATION | 06. NON-UNIVERSITY HIGHER EDUCATION | 08. UNIVERSITY EDUCATION | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CANADA (1997): A2003 | | A2003 is constructed as shown below: | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 01. NO SCHOOLING | 02. SOME ELEMENTARY | 03. COMPLETE ELEMENTARY | 04. SOME SECONDARY/ HIGH SCHOOL | 05. COMPLETE SECONDARY/ HIGH SCHOOL | 06. SOME TECH / CAAT | COMPLETE TECH/ CAAT | 07. SOME UNIVERSITY | 08. B.A. | M.A. | PROFESSIONAL/PHD | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CHILE (1999): A2003 | | CSES education categories correspond to the following | classification scheme used in the Chilean study: | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 01. SIN ESTUDIOS | 02. 1RO. BASICO | 2DO. BASICO | 3RO. BASICO | 4TO. BASICO | 5TO. BASICO | 6TO. BASICO | 7MO. BASICO | 03. 8VO. BASICO | 04. 1RO. MEDIO | 2DO. MEDIO | 3RO. MEDIO | INSTITUTO SUPERIOR INCOMPLETO | 05. 4TO. MEDIO | INSTITUTO SUPERIOR COMPLETO | 07. UNIV. INCOMPLETO | 08. UNIV. COMPLETO | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - DENMARK (1998): A2003 | | This item is constructed in the following way: | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 02. PRIMARY, 7 YEARS; NO EDUCATION BEYOND | SCHOOL | 03. PRIMARY, 8-9 YEARS; NO EDUCATION BEYOND | SCHOOL | 04. SECONDARY, 10 YEARS; NO EDUCATION BEYOND | SCHOOL | 05. SECONDARY, 12 YEARS; NO EDUCATION BEYOND | SCHOOL | 06. BASIC OCCUPATIONAL TRAINING | COMPLETE OCCUPATION TRAINING | 07. HIGHER EDUCATION, SHORT | 08. HIGHER EDUCATION, MIDDLE | HIGHER EDUCATION, LONG | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GERMANY (1998): A2003 | | A2003 was created from the following German categories: | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 01. NO CASES | 02. INCOMPLETE PRIMARY | 03. PRIMARY COMPLETED | 04. INCOMPLETE SECONDARY (REALSCHULE) | INCOMPLETE SECONDARY (POLYTECHNISCHEN | OBERSCHULE) | 05. SECONDARY COMPLETED (FACHHOCHSCHULREIFE) | SECONDARY COMPLETED (HOCHSCHULREIFE) | 06. [THIS CSES CATEGORY DOES NOT CORRESPOND TO | ANY OF THE GERMAN RESPONSE CATEGORIES] | 07. UNIVERSITY DEGREE INCOMPLETE | 08. UNIVERSITY DEGREE COMPLETED | (FACHHOCHSCHULABSCHLSS) | UNIVERSITY DEGREE COMPLETED | | The response category "Others" (indicating various combinations | of vocational training and public school education )in the | German data has been coded 9 in CSES variable A2003 and not | codeable elsewhere. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GREAT BRITAIN (1997): A2003 | | The categories of A2003 were derived from the following | variables: | | - Terminal education age (TEA): | 0 Had no schooling at all | ...(terminal education age in years) | 97 Still in full-time education | - Current economic activity (REconAct): | 1 In full-time education | 2-11 All other types of economic activity | - Highest educational qualification (HEdQual) (which is itself a | derived variable based on two multi-coded questions where | respondents list all their qualifications): | 1 Degree or equivalent | 2 Higher education below degree | 3 'A'-level or equivalent (qualification normally taken at 18 | which gives entry to post 18 education) | 4 '0'-level or equivalent (qualification normally taken at 16 | which gives entry to post 16 education) | 5 CSE or equivalent (qualification normally taken at 16 which | does not give entry to post 16 education) | 6 Foreign or other | 7 No qualifications | 8 Don't Know/Refusal/Missing | | A2003 was derived as follows: | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 01. TEA = 0 and HEdQual = 6,7,8 | 02. TEA< 11 and HEdQual = 6,7,8 | 03. TEA= 11 and HedQual = 6,7,8 | 04. TEA> I 1,DK,Ref and HEdQual=6,7,8 | HedQual = 4,5,DK,Ref | 05. HEdQual = 3 and REconAct = 2-11, Ref1NA | 06. HEdQual = 2 and REconAct = 2-11, Ref/NA | 07. HEdQual = 2,3 and REconAct = 1 | 08. HEdQual = I | 00. Residual | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HONG KONG (2000): A2003 | | Two additional response categories were available to the | respondent. As a result, the value labels corresponding to the | response codes are: | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 01. NONE | 02. INCOMPLETE PRIMARY | 03. PRIMARY COMPLETED | 04. INCOMPLETE SECONDARY | 05. SECONDARY COMPLETED | INCOMPLETED MATRICULATION | 06. POST-SECONDARY TRADE/ VOCATIONAL SCHOOL | 07. MATRICULATION COMPLETED | 08. UNIVERSITY UNDERGRADUATE DEGREE | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HUNGARY (1998): A2003 | | Completed primary education means that the respondent completed | at least the 8 years of primary school (altalanos iskola) | education. Respondents with some completed primary education | and some post-primary vocational training (but no secondary | education as defined below) were coded as if they only completed | primary education. | | Secondary education was defined as studies leading to a maturity | exam. Completed secondary education means that the respondent | completed his or her studies and passed the maturity | ("erettsegi") exam. Passing this exam is a necessary | precondition for enrollment in college or university (i.e. in | studies leading to BA, MA, BSc, MSc, and equivalent degrees). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - JAPAN (1996): A2003 | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 03. PRIMARY SCHOOL | JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL | 05. HIGH SCHOOL | 06. TECHNICAL OR VOCATIONAL SCHOOL | TWO-YEAR COLLEGE, HIGHER TECHNICAL SCHOOL | 08. FOUR-YEAR COLLEGE | GRADUATE SCHOOL | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - LITHUANIA (1997): A2003 | | Lithuanian education data are reported in the following | categories (listed: according to the CSES convention): | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 03. PRIMARY COMPLETED OR LESS | 04. INCOMPLETE SECONDARY | 06. SECONDARY COMPLETED, VOCATIONAL SCHOOL | 08. UNIVERSITY UNDERGRADUATE DEGREE INCOMPLETE, | COMPLETED | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NETHERLANDS (1998): A2003 | | Netherlands annotation provided to CSES: In the Netherlands | educational system, an early choice is made between university- | track and non-university track secondary education, which | results in the large number of respondents in the CSES category | 'incomplete secondary'. These people did complete secondary | education, but it does not give them access to a university. | Also, there is a strict divide between degree-granting | universities and non-degree-granting forms of higher education, | which results in a large number of persons in the | 'post-secondary trade/vocational school' category. | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 02. "ELEMENTARY" LEVEL BEGUN BUT NOT COMPLETED. | 03. "ELEMENTARY" LEVEL COMPLETED. | 04. "EXTENDED ELEMENTARY" OR "LOWER VOCATIONAL" | OR | "SECONDARY" LEVEL EITHER COMPLETED OR ELSE | BEGUN BUT NOT COMPLETED; "HIGHER LEVEL | SECONDARY" BEGUN BUT NOT COMPLETED. | 05. "HIGHER LEVEL SECONDARY" COMPLETED. | 06. ALL CASES "MIDDLE LEVEL VOCATIONAL" OR | "HIGHER MIDDLE LEVEL VOCATIONAL" OR "HIGHER | LEVEL VOCATIONAL" OR "UNIVERSITY LEVEL | VOCATIONAL", WHETHER COMPLETED OR NOT | COMPLETED. | 07. "UNIVERSITY" LEVEL COMPLETED. | 08. "UNIVERSITY" LEVEL BEGUN BUT NOT COMPLETED. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PERU (2000): A2003 | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PERU (2001): A2003 | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 01. NO EDUCATION | 02. INCOMPLETE PRIMARY | 03. COMPLETE PRIMARY | 04. INCOMPLETE SECONDARY | 05. COMPLETE SECONDARY | 06. INCOMPLETE TECHNICAL SCHOOL | COMPLETE TECHNICAL SCHOOL | 07. INCOMPLETE UNIVERSITY | 08. COMPLETE UNIVERSITY | MASTERS/DOCTORATE | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PORTUGAL (2002): A2003 | | Category 6 (post-secondary trade/vocational school) was omitted | from the Portuguese questionnaire because it doesn't exist in | the Portuguese Educational Formal System. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - RUSSIA (1999): A2003 | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - RUSSIA (2000): A2003 | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 01. WITHOUT EDUCATION, ILLITERATE | 03. ELEMENTARY | 04. INCOMPLETE SECONDARY | 05. SECONDARY | 06. SECONDARY SPECIALIZED | 07. INCOMPLETE HIGHER EDUCATION | 08. HIGHER | SCHOLARLY DEGREE | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SLOVENIA (1996): A2003 | | Note the slight deviation from CSES coding conventions: | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 03. PRIMARY COMPLETE; SECONDARY INCOMPLETE | 04. 3 YEAR VOCATIONAL SCHOOL- LESS THAN A | TECHNICAL DEGREE | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWITZERLAND (1999): A2003 | | Note the substantial deviations from CSES coding conventions: | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 03. PRIMARY SCHOOL | SECONDARY SCHOOL | BASIC VOCATIONAL TRAINING | VOCATIONAL TRAINING/APPRENTICESHIP | DIPLOMA SCHOOL | TRADE SCHOOL | SECONDARY SCHOOL/VOCATIONAL TRAINING | 05. HIGH SCHOOL | 06. HIGHER VOCATIONAL TRAINING | HIGHER VOCATIONAL TRAINING WITH MASTER | DIPLOMA | HIGHER VOCATIONAL COLLEGE | 08. UNIVERSITY | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - THAILAND (2001): A2003 | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 01. NO FORMAL EDUCATION | 02. LESS THAN COMPLETE PRIMARY SCHOOL | 03. COMPLETE PRIMARY | 05. COMPLETE SECONDARY | 06. COMPLETE VOCATIONAL SCHOOL | 07. POST-SECONDARY EDUCATION | 08. COMPLETE BACHELOR'S EDUCATION | COMPLETE GRADUATE LEVEL EDUCATION | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - UNITED STATES (1996): A2003 | | An equivalent to the response category tied to CSES code 6 | category was not available to American respondents. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A2004 >>> MARITAL STATUS --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Marital status of respondent. .................................................................. 1. MARRIED OR LIVING TOGETHER AS MARRIED 2. WIDOWED 3. DIVORCED OR SEPARATED (MARRIED BUT SEPARATED / NOT LIVING WITH LEGAL SPOUSE) 4. SINGLE, NEVER MARRIED 8. DON'T KNOW 9. MISSING | NOTES: A2004 | This variable reports the respondent's current marital status. | For instance, a person who is both divorced and living together | as married would be coded 1. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BELGIUM-FLANDERS (1999): A2004 | | A2004 reports simply whether or not the respondent is "living | with a permanent partner." | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 01. YES, R IS LIVING WITH A PERMANENT PARTNER | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BELGIUM-WALLOON (1999): A2004 | | A2004 reports simply whether or not the respondent is "living | with a permanent partner." | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 01. YES, R IS LIVING WITH A PERMANENT PARTNER | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GERMANY (1998): A2004 | | Undocumented code 9 was recoded to 0 for CSES A2004. | Respondents who initially identified themselves within a | category other than "married" (e.g. single, divorced etc.) were | asked if they were living with a partner; if the response was | yes, then they were coded 1 in A2004. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HUNGARY (1998): A2004 | | The data come from the pre-election wave of the survey. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - JAPAN (1996): A2004 | | R's marital status not asked in the Japanese survey. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PERU (2000): A2004 | | CSES response category '02. Widowed' was not included in the | Peru (2000) election study. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PERU (2001): A2004 | | Widowers are included with those who are separated or divorced. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A2005 >>> UNION MEMBERSHIP --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Union membership of respondent. .................................................................. 1. R IS MEMBER OF A UNION 2. R IS NOT A MEMBER OF A UNION 8. DON'T KNOW 9. MISSING | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BELGIUM-FLANDERS (1999): A2005-A2006 | | A2005 reports whether or not the respondent (or anyone in the | respondent's family) is a member of a "trade union or of an | organization or employers or the self-employed." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CANADA (1997): A2005-A2006 | | In the CES, respondents were asked: | | "Do you or anyone in your household belong to a union? | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 01. YES | 02. NO | | These data are reported in A2005; A2006 has been left | empty. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - DENMARK (1998): A2005 | | The question was originally asked by the collaborators. However, | the data distribution did not accurately reflect the reality at | the time of the study. There were a disproportionate amount of | skipped/missing cases. Because of this the entire variable was | recoded as missing (9). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GREAT BRITAIN (1997): A2005-A2006 | | British questions read '...union or staff association'. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - MEXICO (1997): A2005-A2006 | | The corresponding question was only asked of those who were | formally employed. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NEW ZEALAND (1996): A2005-A2006 | | The union membership items in the self-administered mail | questionnaire took the following form: "Do you belong to a | trade union? And what about your spouse or partner, if you have | one, or anyone else in your household?" Responses Yes, No or | Don't Know could be marked for any or all of: self, partner, | 'anyone else'. However, it is clear that in many cases where R | was unpartnered or lived alone that nothing at all was coded. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A2006 >>> UNION MEMBERSHIP OF OTHERS IN HOUSEHOLD --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Someone in household other than respondent is a member of a union. .................................................................. 1. SOMEONE ELSE (OTHER THAN R) IS MEMBER OF A UNION 2. NO ONE ELSE (OTHER THAN R) IS A MEMBER OF A UNION 8. DON'T KNOW 9. MISSING | NOTES: A2006 | | See also notes for variable A2005. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GREAT BRITAIN (1997): A2006 | | This variable has been derived from three questions: | | IF NOT MARRIED/LIVING AS MARRIED AND MORE THAN ONE PERSON IN | HOUSEHOLD: Is anyone else in the household (also) a member of a | trade union or staff association? | | IF MARRIED OR LIVING AS MARRIED: Is your (wife/husband/partner) | now a member of a trade union or staff association? | | IF 'no' AT ABOVE QUESTION: Is anyone else in the household, | other than you or your (wife/husband/partner), a member of a | trade union or staff association? | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - JAPAN (1996): A2006 | | Union membership for someone else in R's house not asked in | the Japanese survey. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWITZERLAND (1999): A2006 | | This question was only been asked if there was at least one | other member of household over age 17. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A2007 >>> CURRENT EMPLOYMENT STATUS --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Current employment status of respondent. .................................................................. IN LABOR FORCE: 01. EMPLOYED - FULL TIME (32+ HOURS WEEKLY) 02. EMPLOYED - PART TIME (15-32 HOURS WEEKLY) 03. EMPLOYED - LESS THAN 15 HOURS 04. HELPING FAMILY MEMBER 05. UNEMPLOYED NOT IN LABOR FORCE: 06. STUDENT, IN SCHOOL, IN VOCATIONAL TRAINING 07. RETIRED 08. HOUSEWIFE, HOME DUTIES 09. PERMANENTLY DISABLED 10. OTHERS, NOT IN LABOR FORCE 11. [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 12. [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 98. DON'T KNOW 99. MISSING | NOTES: A2007 | | Respondents who are temporarily unemployed are coded UNEMPLOYED. | Respondents on "workfare" or enrolled in a government job | training program are coded EMPLOYED. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - AUSTRALIA (1996): A2007 | | A2007 was derived from H4. Respondents who were "working | part-time for pay" have been coded as "Employed - Part-time | (15-32 Hours Weekly)" on A2007. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BELARUS (2001): A2007 | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 01. TOP EXECUTIVE OF ENTERPRISE, INSTITUTION, | ORGANIZATION | HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT,SUBDIVISION,GROUP | SPECIALIST WITH HIGHER EDUCATION | CLERK WITHOUT HIGHER EDUCATION | FOREMAN AT THE PLANT | SKILLED WORKER | UNSKILLED WORKER | AGRICULTURAL WORKER | MILITARY/INTERNAL SECURITY | ENTREPRENEUR | OTHER (FOR WORKING) | 05. UNEMPLOYED | 06. STUDENT | 07. PENSIONER | 08. MATERNAL LEAVE | HOUSEWIFE | 10. OTHER (NOT WORKING) | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BELGIUM-FLANDERS (1999): A2007 | | A2007 was constructed using several different survey items: | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 01. FULL-TIME JOB (R15A=1) | 02. PART-TIME JOB (R15A=2) | 04. WIFE/HUSBAND OF SELF EMPLOYED BREAD WINNER | (R7_1=10) | 05. UNEMPLOYED (R7_1=6) | 06. PURSUING FULL-TIME EDUCATION (R7_1=8) | 07. RETIRED (R7_1=1) | 08. HOUSEWIFE/HOUSE HUSBAND | 09. DISABLED | 10. ON SICK LEAVE FOR MATERNITY LEAVE | ON LEAVE WITHOUT PAY/ CAREER INTERRUPTION | LOOKING FOR FIRST JOB | DOING SOMETHING ELSE | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CANADA (1997): A2007 | | The following responses were not included in the corresponding | CES item: | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 02. EMPLOYED- PART-TIME (15-32 HOURS PER WEEK) | 03. EMPLOYED- LESS THAN 15 HOURS | 04. HELPING FAMILY MEMBER | | There are also two categories not anticipated in the CSES | guidelines: | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 02. "LAID OFF" (CODED WITH 'UNEMPLOYED'); AND | 08. "SELF EMPLOYED" (CODED WITH "EMPLOYED- | FULL-TIME"). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CZECH REPUBLIC (1996): A2007 | | The following note was provided at the time of the data deposit: | | Some pensioners in the Czech sample are also gainfully employed, | so they have been coded as 1, 2, 3 or 4 on A2007. | | Also there are many women who are on a maternity leave for | one to two years, while they keep receiving a certain percent | of their salary and retain their job. They are included in | category 8. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - DENMARK (1998): A2007 | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 01. WAGE EARNER | SELF-EMPLOYED | MILITARY SERVICE | 05. UNEMPLOYED, ON WELFARE | UNEMPLOYED, ON BENEFITS | UNEMPLOYED, ON LEAVE | 06. STUDENT | 07. EARLY RETIRED | OTHER RETIRED | 08. HOUSEWIFE | ASSISTING WIFE | 09. CHRONICALLY ILL | 10. PENSIONER, DISABLED | JOB LEAVE | OTHER, NOT OCCUPIED | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GERMANY (1998): A2007 | | Respondents identified as working any number of hours are | classified in CSES A2007 according to the number of working | hours, regardless of other additional status (e.g. working and | retired). Code 10 in A2007 includes cases coded within the | original German data for child care leave, community service in | lieu of military service, and 'other'. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GREAT BRITAIN (1997): A2007 | | (Since) codes 1 and 2 have overlapping definitions, code 1 | indicates 32+ hours and code 2 indicates 15-31 hours. | | A response category corresponding to CSES code 4 ('Helping a | family member') was not used in the British study. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GREAT BRITAIN (1997): A2007-A2010 | | These variables refer to current or last job. The only people | coded 97 ('No job') are people who have never had a job. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ISRAEL (1996): A2007 | | Response category code 11 indicates "Soldier, not in labor force | (compulsory)". | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - JAPAN (1996): A2007 | | Current employment status is reconstructed from a slightly | different version. No information about weekly hours is | available. All employed are coded "full time (1)". | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - LITHUANIA (1997): A2007 | | Lithuanian employment status data are reported according to the | following classification scheme: | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 01. "SPECIALISTS, PROFESSIONAL" | "SENIOR MANAGERS" | "WORKERS, TECHNICIANS" | 05. "UNEMPLOYED" | 06. "STUDENT, IN SCHOOL" | 07. "RETIRED" | 08. "HOUSEWIFE" | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - MEXICO (1997): A2007 | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - MEXICO (2000): A2007 | | Number of hours was not coded so that all employed respondents | are coded as employed full time. Code 4 was not used. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NETHERLANDS (1998): A2007 | | Cases in the labor force were recoded from Netherlands variables | to fit as closely as possible to CSES coding. Netherlands | category "30 hours or more" was recoded to CSES code 01 (Full | time); "12-20 hours" and "20-30 hours" were recoded to 02 (Part | time); "1-12 hours" was recoded to 03 (Less than 15 hours). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PERU (2000): A2007 | | Response categories 4-10 were not available to Peruvian | respondents. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - RUSSIA (1999): A2007 | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - RUSSIA (2000): A2007 | | This variable is constructed from an open-end survey item in the | following way: | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 01. FARMER | ENTREPRENEUR | WORKING AT AN ENTERPRISE, IN AN ORGANIZATION, | IN A KOLKHOZ, SOVKHOZ, OR COOPERATIVE | WORKING INDEPENDENTLY | WORKING PENSIONER | WORKING FOR AN ENTREPRENEUR | WORKING IN THE MILITARY | STUDYING NIGHTS | PRIVATE FIRM | WORKING IN A FIRM | PENSIONER WITH HIS OWN BUSINESS | WORKING AT THE SECURITY DEPARTMENT | 05. TEMPORARILY NOT WORKING FOR OTHER REASONS | AND SEEKING WORK | TEMPORARILY NOT WORKING FOR OTHER REASONS, | NOT SEEKING WORK | NEVER WORKED, AFTER GRADUATING FROM SCHOOL | COULDN'T FIND A JOB | 06. PUPIL IN A SECONDARY SCHOOL OR PTU | STUDENT IN A DAY VUZ OR TEKHNIKUM | STUDYING PART-TIME, NOT WORKING | STUDYING PART-TIME, AND WORKING | STUDYING IN MILITARY AVIATION UNIVERSITY | MEDICAL RESIDENT | EDUCATION | 07. PENSIONER AND NOT WORKING | DISABLED PENSIONER | 08. ON MATERNITY LEAVE OR ON OFFICIAL LEAVE | CARING FOR A CHILD UNDER 3 YEARS OF AGE, | WITH PLACE AT WORK RESERVED | HOUSEWIFE, LOOKING AFTER OTHER MEMBERS OF | THE FAMILY, RAISING CHILDREN | CARING FOR A DISABLED CHILD (OLDER THAN 3YRS) | 09. NOT WORKING FOR HEALTH REASONS, AN INVALID | 10. NOT WORKING FOR PRIVATE REASONS | WORKING ON A CONTRACTUAL BASIS-- CONSULTANT | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SPAIN (1996): A2007 | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SPAIN (2000): A2007 | | Additional codes: | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 11. SELF-EMPLOYED | 12. LIBERAL PROFESSIONAL | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWEDEN (1998): A2007 | | Code 2 indicates 15 or more hours; code 3 15 or fewer hours. No | equivalent of code 4 was used. Code 9 also includes 'retired | before year of pension'. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWITZERLAND (1999): A2007 | | The response categories for this item varied slightly from the | CSES conventions: | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 01. 40 HOURS A WEEK OR MORE | 02. 5 TO 39 HOURS A WEEK | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - UNITED STATES (1996): A2007 | | An equivalent to the response category tied to CSES code 4 | category was not available to American respondents. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A2008 >>> MAIN OCCUPATION --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Main occupation of respondent. .................................................................. ARMED FORCES 01. ARMED FORCES LEGISLATORS, SENIOR OFFICIALS, AND MANAGERS 11. LEGISLATORS AND SENIOR OFFICIALS 12. CORPORATE MANAGERS 13. GENERAL MANAGERS PROFESSIONALS 20. [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 21. PHYSICAL, MATHEMATICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCE 22. LIFE SCIENCE AND HEALTH PROFESSIONALS 23. TEACHING PROFESSIONALS 24. OTHER PROFESSIONALS 25. [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 28. [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] TECHNICIANS AND ASSOCIATED PROFESSIONALS 30. [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 31. PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCE ASSOCIATE PROFESSIONALS 32. LIFE SCIENCE AND HEALTH ASSOCIATE PROFESSIONALS 33. TEACHING ASSOCIATE PROFESSIONALS 34. OTHER ASSOCIATE PROFESSIONALS CLERKS 40. [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 41. OFFICE CLERKS 42. CUSTOMER SERVICES CLERKS 43. ADMINISTRATION OF CHARITABLE OR NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS SERVICES WORKERS AND SHOP AND MARKET SALES WORKERS 51. PERSONAL AND PROTECTIVE SERVICE WORKERS 52. MODELS, SALES PERSONS AND DEMONSTRATORS 53. TRADE, CONSUMER SERVICES SKILLED AGRICULTURAL AND FISHERY WORKERS 61. MARKET-ORIENTED SKILLED AGRICULTURAL AND FISHERY WORKERS 62. SUBSISTENCE AGRICULTURAL AND FISHERY WORKERS 63. [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 64. [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] CRAFT AND RELATED TRADE WORKERS 71. EXTRACTION AND BUILDING TRADE WORKERS 72. METAL, MACHINERY AND RELATED TRADE WORKERS 73. PRECISION, HANDICRAFT, PRINTING AND RELATED TRADE WORKERS 74. OTHER CRAFT AND RELATED TRADES WORKERS PLANT AND MACHINE OPERATORS AND ASSEMBLERS 81. STATIONARY-PLANT AND RELATED OPERATORS 82. MACHINE OPERATORS AND ASSEMBLERS 83. DRIVERS AND MOBILE-PLANT OPERATORS 84. OTHER PLANT AND MACHINE OPERATORS AND ASSEMBLERS ELEMENTARY OCCUPATIONS 91. SALES AND SERVICES ELEMENTARY OCCUPATIONS 92. AGRICULTURAL, FISHERY AND RELATED LABORERS 93. LABORERS IN MINING, CONSTRUCTION, MANUFACTURING AND TRANSPORT 94. OTHER POSITIONS IN ELEMENTARY OCCUPATIONS 96. OTHER OR NON-CLASSIFIABLE OCCUPATIONS (NOT ENOUGH INFORMATION AVAILABLE TO CLASSIFY) 97. NO OCCUPATION 98. DON'T KNOW 99. MISSING 00. NOT APPLICABLE | NOTES: A2008 | | See also notes for A2007. | | This variable reports the respondents' Main Occupation,' that | is, the job at which the respondent spends most of the time or | if the respondent spends an equal amount of time on two jobs, it | is the one from which the respondent earns the most money. For | respondents who are currently employed, this variable reports | their current occupation. For respondents who are retired or not | currently working, code last occupation. | | Coding conventions shall employ the first two-digits of 1988 | ISCO / ILO International Standard Classification of Occupations | Code from the International Labor Office, CH-1211, Geneva 22, | Switzerland. | | In some cases it has not been possible to strictly adhere to the | ISCO/ILO conventions. Users will find that some categories have | been added to the ISCO/ILO list in order to accommodate the | occupations of respondents who were not easily classified. | Please refer to the Country Notes for clarification of anomalous | codes. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - AUSTRALIA (1996): A2008,A2011 | | A2008 and A2011 were derived from H5OCC (User's Guide, | pp.90-92) and J14 (pp. 102-103), respectively. | | Respondent's occupation (H5OCC) and spouse's occupation (J14) | were coded to the first two digits (i.e. the "major groups") of | the "Australian Standard Classification of Occupations, Second | Edition" (ASCO2) (available at http://www.abs.gov.au/ under "ABS | Classifications"). (See Attachment B) | | For A2008 and A2011, the ASCO2 codes have been converted to | ISCO-88. Because the AES96 did not elicit information on the | "chief wage earner's" occupation, A2011 codes refer only to the | occupational status of the "husband", "wife", or "de facto" of | respondents with codes 0-3 on A2004. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CANADA (1997): A2008 | | Uses the Stats Canada CCDO Code, which (when divided by 100, and | rounded appropriately) roughly corresponds to the CSES Protocol. | There are, however, a few additional response categories for | which there are respondents, that do not fit into the ISCO | classification scheme. | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 28. "TEACHERS" | 34. "PERFORMING ARTS" | 63. "FORESTRY" | 94. "OTHER NON-CLASSIFIED OCCUPATION". | | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CZECH REPUBLIC (1996): A2008,A2011 | | The following note was provided at the time of the data deposit: | | Code 84 is for "other plant and machine operators and | assemblers". Czech respondents working for "cooperatives" were | placed into code 3. | | Code 84 corresponds to 'other plant and machine operators and | assemblers'. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GERMANY (1998): A2008,A2011 | | The German Center for Survey Research, Methods and Analyses | (ZUMA, Mannheim) created extra codes for occupation in addition | to standard 1988 ISCO codes. The first 2 digits of these extra | codes were included in the first 3 CSES Module 1 Micro datasets | as undocumented codes, but now these additional codes have been | recoded to fit into CSES ISCO categories as follows: | | ISCO CSES | 88 Code Election Study Category/Categories | ---- ---- ------------------------------------------- | 2000 21 WISSENSCHAFTLICHE MITARBEITER | 2500 23 ERZIEHER OHNE HÖHERE ANGABE (MEIST KINDERGÄRTNER O. | SOZIALARBEITER) | 3000 13 KAUFLEUTE (HANDEL) | 4000 41 BÜROANGESTELLTE: DIESE ANGABE IST NUR ALS BÜROBERUF | SPEZIFIZIERBAR (HAUPTGRUPPE 3), WEITERE ANGABEN | FEHLEN. EBENSO BÜROFACHKRÄFTE, SACHBEARBEITER | O.N.A.) | 4400 41 VERWALTUNGSBEAMTE, GEHOBENER DIENST BAHN (AB | INSPEKTOR KENNZ. 42) | 7000 74 ARBEITER IN EINER SPINNEREI; ABER SPINNEREIARBEITER | IST MIT 75- ZU CODIEREN HANDWERKL./GÜTERERZEUGENDE | BERUFE KENNZIFFER 62 BIS 64 (BEI 64 NICHT | AUFSICHTSFÄHREND, 61 UNTER VORBEHALT) | 7510 72 SCHLOSSER O.N.A. | 7900 34 MEISTER ALS AUFSICHTSKRAFT (IN AUSNAHMEFÄLLEN | VORARBEITER, DIE KOLONNEN BEAUFSICHTIGEN) | 8000 82 MASCHINENBEDIENER O.N.A. (AUCH IN PRODUKTION) | 9000 93 HILFSARBEITER O.N.A.; UN-/ANGELERNTE ARBEITER, | KENNZ. 60; AUCH HILFSARBEITER, DIE NUR IHREN | ARBEITSPLATZ ANGEBEN; Z.B. HILFSARBEITER IN DER | BAUBRANCHE ABER "BAUHILFSARBEITER" = 95- | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ICELAND (1999): A2008 | | Additional occupation codes for Iceland: | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 20. PROFESSIONALS | 40. CLERKS | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ISRAEL (1996): A2008,A2011 | | Respondents who answered the occupation variable with | "Housewife" or "Student" responses (and were so coded in the | deposited data have been moved to missing for CSES A2008. | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 30. [UNACCOUNTED FOR] | 64. [UNACCOUNTED FOR] | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - JAPAN (1996): A2008-A2011 | | Variables conerning occupation are tentatively treated as | missing in this release of the Japanese data. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NETHERLANDS (1998): A2008 | | Both current occupation (for respondents currently working) and | past occupation (for respondents not currently working but who | have worked in the past) have been included in A2008. This | variable was recoded from the 3-digit ISCO88 occupation code. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NORWAY (1997): A2008,A2011 | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 25. [UNACCOUNTED FOR] | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - RUSSIA (1999): A2008 | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - RUSSIA (2000): A2008 | | Additional occupation code: | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 96. SPORTS | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWITZERLAND (1999): A2008 | | Only respondents with actual or former full-time or part-time | employment have been asked this question. | | Also, note that an additional response category was added to the | ISCO classification scheme ('40. Clerks'). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - UNITED STATES (1996): A2008,A2011 | | This variable was recoded from U.S. Census occupation codes, and | reports only the current occupational status of those who are | currently employed. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A2009 >>> EMPLOYMENT TYPE - PUBLIC OR PRIVATE --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Whether respondent's employment is private or public. .................................................................. 1. WORKS FOR GOVERNMENT 2. WORKS FOR GOVERNMENT OWNED FIRM 3. MIXED 4. DOES NOT WORK FOR GOVERNMENT OR GOVERNMENT OWNED FIRM (BUT NOT SELF-EMPLOYED) 5. SELF-EMPLOYED 7. [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 8. DON'T KNOW 9. MISSING 0. NOT APPLICABLE (NOT IN LABOR FORCE, NEVER HAD A JOB) | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - AUSTRALIA (1996): A2009 | | A2009 was derived from H5EMPLOY. Respondents who worked for | "Family business/farm" have been coded as "Does Not Work for | Government" on A2009. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BELARUS (2001): A2009 | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 01. STATE ENTERPRISE, INSTITUTION | 03. COLLECTIVE FARM | 04. PRIVATE ENTERPRISE, INSTITUTION | 05. INDEPENDENT ENTREPRENEUR | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CANADA (1997): A2009 | | A. "Mixed" was not included as a response in the CES. | | B. Respondents who indicated that they worked for a "Federal/ | Provincial Ministry" were coded 01. "Works for Government". | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GERMANY (1998): A2009 | | Identification of the self-employed was not included among the | categories of the German data (no cases coded 5 in CSES | variable A2009). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GREAT BRITAIN: A2009 | | The response category corresponding to CSES code 1 includes | local authority employment. Also, there was no response category | corresponding to CSES Code 3 used in the British study. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HONG KONG (1998): A2009 | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HONG KONG (2000): A2009 | | There are several cases codes as "7" that we do not have an | explanation for. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - LITHUANIA (1997): A2009 | | Self employment cases in Lithuanian study data were combined | with other types of 'private' employment into a single category | and are thus included in CSES code 4. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NETHERLANDS (1998): A2009 | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 01. NETHERLANDS CATEGORY "PUBLIC SERVICE". | 03. NETHERLANDS CATEGORY "AMBIGUOUS". | 04. NETHERLANDS CATEGORIES "ON THE PAYROLL" | AND "COOPERATING IN FAMILY BUSINESS". | 05. NETHERLANDS CATEGORY "SELF-EMPLOYED". | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWEDEN (1998): A2009 | | Response categories corresponding to codes 2,3 were not | available to Swedish respondents. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWITZERLAND (1999): A2009 | | Only resondents with full-time or part-time employment have been | asked this question. Information on self-employed respondents | has been added, according to the CSES classification scheme, by | the collaborator. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - THAILAND (2001): A2009 | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 01. GOVERNMENT OFFICER | 04. AGRICULTURAL WORKER | WORKER | OFFICE WORKER | COMPANY OWNER | 05. SELF OPERATOR | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - UNITED STATES (1996): A2009 | | An equivalent to the response category associated with CSES code | 4 category was not available to American respondents. | | These variables report the occupational characteristics of only | those respondents who are currently employed. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A2010 >>> INDUSTRIAL SECTOR --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Industrial sector of respondent's employment. .................................................................. 1. PRIMARY SECTOR: AGRICULTURAL, FORESTRY, FISHERIES 2. SECONDARY SECTOR: INDUSTRY: MINING, ENERGY, MACHINE, CHEMICAL, METAL EXTRACTION, ENGINEERING, METAL GOODS, MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY, BUILDING, CONSTRUCTION 3. TERTIARY SECTOR: TRANSPORTATION AND COMMUNICATION, TRADE, RETAIL BUSINESS, DISTRIBUTION, PERSONAL SERVICES, REPAIR SERVICES, BANKING, INSURANCE, FINANCE, PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION, HEALTH, CULTURE, EDUCATION, RECREATION, RESEARCH, SCIENCE, MUSEUM, LIBRARY, SPORT 4. OTHER 7. [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 8. DON'T KNOW 9. MISSING 0. NOT APPLICABLE (NOT IN LABOR FORCE, NEVER HAD A JOB) | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - AUSTRALIA (1996): A2010 | | Responses to AES96 H.5 (c.) were not recorded. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BELARUS (2001): A2010 | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 01. AGRICULTURE | 02. INDUSTRY | CONSTRUCTION | TRANSPORT, COMMUNICATION | 03. HEALTH CARE | CULTURE, SCIENCE EDUCATION | LAW | TRADE AND SERVICES | 04. OTHER | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CANADA (1997): A2010 | | This variable was constructed according to the ISCO | classification scheme, as follows: | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 01. [Primary Sector: ISCO Categories 61-75.] | 02. [Secondary Sector: ISCO Categories 75+.] | 03. [Tertiary Sector: ISCO Categories 11-52.] | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HONG KONG (1998): A2010 | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 07. [UNACCOUNTED FOR] --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A2011 >>> OCCUPATION OF CHIEF WAGE EARNER OR SPOUSE --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Occupation of chief wage earner/spouse. .................................................................. ARMED FORCES 01. ARMED FORCES. 05. [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 07. [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 08. [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] LEGISLATORS, SENIOR OFFICIALS, AND MANAGERS 11. LEGISLATORS AND SENIOR OFFICIALS 12. CORPORATE MANAGERS 13. GENERAL MANAGERS PROFESSIONALS 21. PHYSICAL, MATHEMATICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCE 22. LIFE SCIENCE AND HEALTH PROFESSIONALS 23. TEACHING PROFESSIONALS 24. OTHER PROFESSIONALS 25. [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] TECHNICIANS AND ASSOCIATED PROFESSIONALS 31. PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCE ASSOCIATE PROFESSIONALS 32. LIFE SCIENCE AND HEALTH ASSOCIATE PROFESSIONALS 33. TEACHING ASSOCIATE PROFESSIONALS 34. OTHER ASSOCIATE PROFESSIONALS CLERKS 40. [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 41. OFFICE CLERKS 42. CUSTOMER SERVICES CLERKS 43. ADMINISTRATION OF CHARITABLE OR NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS SERVICES WORKERS AND SHOP AND MARKET SALES WORKERS 51. PERSONAL AND PROTECTIVE SERVICE WORKERS 52. MODELS, SALES PERSONS AND DEMONSTRATORS 53. TRADE, CONSUMER SERVICES SKILLED AGRICULTURAL AND FISHERY WORKERS 61. MARKET-ORIENTED SKILLED AGRICULTURAL AND FISHERY WORKERS 62. SUBSISTENCE AGRICULTURAL AND FISHERY WORKERS 63. [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 64. [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] CRAFT AND RELATED TRADE WORKERS 71. EXTRACTION AND BUILDING TRADE WORKERS 72. METAL, MACHINERY AND RELATED TRADE WORKERS 73. PRECISION, HANDICRAFT, PRINTING AND RELATED TRADE WORKERS 74. OTHER CRAFT AND RELATED TRADES WORKERS PLANT AND MACHINE OPERATORS AND ASSEMBLERS 81. STATIONARY-PLANT AND RELATED OPERATORS 82. MACHINE OPERATORS AND ASSEMBLERS 83. DRIVERS AND MOBILE-PLANT OPERATORS 84. OTHER PLANT AND MACHINE OPERATORS AND ASSEMBLERS ELEMENTARY OCCUPATIONS 91. SALES AND SERVICES ELEMENTARY OCCUPATIONS 92. AGRICULTURAL, FISHERY AND RELATED LABORERS 93. LABORERS IN MINING, CONSTRUCTION, MANUFACTURING AND TRANSPORT 94. OTHER POSITIONS IN ELEMENTARY OCCUPATIONS 95. [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 96. OTHER OR NON-CLASSIFIABLE OCCUPATIONS (NOT ENOUGH INFORMATION AVAILABLE TO CLASSIFY) 97. NO OCCUPATION 98. DON'T KNOW 99. MISSING 00. NOT APPLICABLE | NOTES: A2011 | | See also notes for variable A2008. | | (1) This variable reports the chief wage earner's "Main | Occupation," that is, the job at which the chief wage earner | spends most of the time, or if the chief wage earner spends an | equal amount of time on two jobs, it is the one from which the | chief wage earner earns the most money. For chief wage earners | who are currently employed, this variable reports their current | occupation. For chief wage earners who are retired or not | currently working, code last occupation. | | (2) Coding conventions shall employ the first two-digits of 1988 | ISCO / ILO International Standard Classification of Occupations | Code from the International Labor Office, CH-1211, Geneva 22, | Switzerland. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BELGIUM-FLANDERS (1999): A2011 | | A2011 refers to the respondent's spouse, and not necessarily the | chief wage earner of the respondent's household. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GREAT BRITAIN (1997): A2011 | | This variable gives occupation of spouse/partner. If respondent | is not married/living as married this variable is coded 0. The | codes refer to current or last job - 97 is used when spouse/ | partner has never had a job. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HONG KONG (2000): A2011 | | There are several [UNACCOUNTED FOR] response categories (5,7,8, | 95). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ICELAND (1999): A2011 | | This refers to the occupation status of the respondent's | spouse, and not necessarily the chief wage earner of the | household. | | Additional occupation codes for Iceland: | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 20. PROFESSIONALS | 40. CLERKS | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NETHERLANDS (1998): A2011 | | This is the data for the respondent's spouse/partner and | includes both present occupation for those currently in the work | force and past occupation for those not presently working. This | variable was recoded from the 3-digit ISCO88 occupation code | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NORWAY (1997): A2011 | | This variable reports R's partner/spouse's occupational activity | (not chief wage earner). | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 25. [UNACCOUNTED FOR] | 63. [UNACCOUNTED FOR] | 64. [UNACCOUNTED FOR] | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PORTUGAL (2002): A2011 | | This variable reports the occupational activity of the | respondent's partner/spouse, not the chief wage earner. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - RUSSIA (1999): A2011 | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - RUSSIA (2000): A2011 | | Additional occupation code: | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 96. SPORTS | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWEDEN (1998): A2011 | | This variable reports the occupational activity of R's spouse. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWITZERLAND (1999): A2011 | | The occupation of the spouse has been coded here, but only if | the spouse is/was employed at least part-time. A major ISCO | group 40 CLERKS has been added. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A2012 >>> HOUSEHOLD INCOME --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Household income quintile appropriate to the respondent. .................................................................. 1. LOWEST HOUSEHOLD INCOME QUINTILE 2. SECOND HOUSEHOLD INCOME QUINTILE 3. THIRD HOUSEHOLD INCOME QUINTILE 4. FOURTH HOUSEHOLD INCOME QUINTILE 5. HIGHEST HOUSEHOLD INCOME QUINTILE 8. DON'T KNOW 9. MISSING | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - AUSTRALIA (1996): A2012 | | This variable was derived from J12 (User's Guide, pp.101-102). | Respondents were asked (Questionnaire, p.26): "What is the gross | annual income, before tax or other deductions, for you and your | family living with you from all sources? Please include any | pensions and allowances, and income from interest or dividends" | (J.12). | | Respondents were offered a choice of 14 income categories | (frequencies are in brackets; 123 cases were missing): | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 01. LESS THAN 3000 PER YEAR | 3001 TO 5000 PER YEAR | 5001 TO 8000 PER YEAR | 8001 TO 12000 PER YEAR | 02. 12001 TO 16000 PER YEAR | 16001 TO 20000 PER YEAR | 20001 TO 25000 PER YEAR | 03. 25001 TO 30000 PER YEAR | 30001 TO 35000 PER YEAR | 35001 TO 40000 PER YEAR | 04. 40001 TO 50000 PER YEAR | 50001 TO 60000 PER YEAR | 05. 60001 TO 70000 PER YEAR | MORE THAN 70000 PER YEAR | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BELARUS (2001): A2012 | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 01. <86 | 02. 87-145 | 03. 146-195 | 04. 196-260 | 05. >260 | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BELGIUM-FLANDERS (1999): A2012 | | This variable was constructed using several different survey | items. The resulting code set was: | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 01. < 49,999 | 02. 50,000 - 69,999 | 03. 70,000 - 89,999 | 04. 90,000 - 114,999 | 05. >115,000 | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BELGIUM-WALLOON (1999): A2012 | | This variable was constructed using several different survey | items. The resulting code set was: | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 01. < 40,000 | 02. 40,000 - 65,000 | 03. 65,000 - 90,000 | 04. 90,000 - 115,000 | 05. >115,000 | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CANADA (1997): A2012 | | This variable was constructed from two separate items: | (1) Respondents were asked what their household income was and | if they gave the raw figure, it was recorded; and (2) if they | were reluctant, respondents were given the option of identifying | the broad categories into which their household income fits | (reported in parentheses below). Roughly, the quintile | thresholds are: | | CSES Code, Response Category/Categories: | | 01. < 23,000 (< 20,000) | 02. 23,000-$38,000 (20,000-29,999) | 03. 39,000-$55,000 (30,000-49,999) | 04. 56,000-$78,000 (50,000-69,999) | 05. >78,000 (>70,000). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CHILE (1999): A2012 | | The income quintiles correspond roughly to the following | categories: | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 01. <120,000 | 02. 121,000-180,000 | 03. 181,000-290,000 | 04. 291,000-600,000 | 05. >601,000. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - DENMARK (1998): A2012 | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 01. <75,000 | 75-99,999 | 100-124,999 | 125-149,999 | 02. 150-174,999 | 175-199,999 | 03. 200-249,999 | 250-299,999 | 300-349,999 | 04. 350-399,999 | 450-499,999 | 05. 500-599,999 | 600-699,999 | 700-799,999 | >800,000 | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GERMANY (1998): A2012 | | Note provided with the recoded deposit: Figures are based on a | recode of 20 income classes. Due to missing official figures, | quintiles are based on survey responses. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GREAT BRITAIN (1997): A2012 | | One section of the sample (approximately half) was asked: | "Which of the letters on this card represents the total income | of your household from all sources before tax - including | benefits, saving and so on? Please just tell me the letter." | | The other section was asked: "What is the total income of your | household from all sources before tax - including benefits, | savings and so on? Please just tick one of the boxes on this | form. When you have finished, please fold the form and put it | into the envelope. RETRIEVE ENVELOPE" | | This variable is based on the combined data from these two | questions. In both cases, the answer options were: | | ELECTION STUDY RESPONSE CATERGORIES | CSES Code WEEKLY income ANNUAL income | BEFORE tax BEFORE tax | | 01. LESS THAN 77 LESS THAN 3,999 | 78 - 115 4,000 - 5,999 | 116 - 154 6,000 - 7,999 | 02. 155 - 192 8,000 - 9,999 | 193 - 230 10,000 - 11,999 | 231 - 289 12,000 - 14,999 | 03. 290 - 346 15,000 - 17,999 | 347 - 385 18,000 - 19,999 | 386 - 442 20,000 - 22,999 | 04. 443 - 500 23,000 - 25,999 | 501 - 558 26,000 - 28,999 | 559 - 615 29,000 - 31,999 | 05. 616 - 673 32,000 - 34,999 | 674 - 730 35,000 - 37,999 | 731 - 788 38,000 - 40,999 | 789 OR MORE 41,000 OR MORE | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HONG KONG (1998): A2012 | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 01. NO INCOME | 3999 OR BELOW | 4000-5999 | 6000-7999 | 8000-9999 | 02. 10000-14999 | 03. 15000-19999 | 20000-24999 | 04. 25000-29999 | 30000-39999 | 05. 40000-59999 | 60000 OR ABOVE | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HONG KONG (2000): A2012 | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 01. NO INCOME | 3999 OR BELOW | 4000-5999 | 6000-7999 | 02. 8000-9999 | 10000-14999 | 03. 15000-19999 | 04. 20000-24999 | 25000-29999 | 05. 30000-39999 | . 40000-59999 | 60000 OR ABOVE | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HUNGARY (1998): A2012 | | The data come from the pre-election wave of the survey. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ISRAEL (1996): A2012 | | 239 cases coded 9 in the deposited data represented 'Refused' | and have been moved to 0 missing for this release. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - JAPAN (1996): A2012 | | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 01. LESS THAN 2,000,000 | FROM 2,000,000 TO 3,999,999 | 02. FROM 4,000,000 TO 5,999,999 | 03. FROM 6,000,000 TO 7,999,999 | 04. FROM 8,000,000 TO 9,999,999 | 05. FROM 10,000,000 TO 11,999,999 | FROM 12,000,000 TO 13,999,999 | MORE THAN 14,000,000 | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - MEXICO (1997): A2012 | | These categories only roughly correspond to quintiles because | nearly forty per cent of respondents fall into one category, as | constructed and deposited by the collaborator. | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 01. 0 - 1,000 | 02. 1,001 - 3000 | 03. 3,001 - 5,000 | 04. 5,001 - 7,000 | 05. 7,001 - 10,000 | 10,000 - 30,000 | 30,000 + | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - MEXICO (2000): A2012 | | The income variable results from the combination of variables | SE12 and SE12A. | | SE12 is the direct answer to the question, "What is your | family's monthly income?" To those who did not answer we asked, | "Is your family's monthly income between these categories?"; | this is SE12A. V99 results from the combination of both | questions grouped in quintiles. | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 01. 0 - 1,400 | 02. 1,401 - 2,300 | 03. 2,301 - 3,500 | 04. 3,501 - 6,000 | 05. 6,001 OR MORE | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NETHERLANDS (1998): A2012 | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 01. 0-28000 | 02. 28000-38000 | 03. 38000-52000 | 04. 52000-73000 | 05. 73000 or more. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NEW ZEALAND (1996): A2012 | | Earlier release of this data file classified respondents | differently. The collaborators have more recently provided an | updated version of this variable, with income quintile | corresponding to the following categories: | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 01. <18,799 | 02. 18,800-28,799 | 03. 28,800-44,199 | 04. 44,200-67,399 | 05. 67,400 | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NORWAY (1997): A2012 | | The CSES income quintiles correspond to the following income | levels (in thousands): | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 01. <139 | 02. 140-249 | 03. 250-349 | 04. 350-464 | 05. >465 | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PERU (2000): A2012 | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PERU (2001): A2012 | | This classification scheme only roughly corresponds to quintiles | (frequencies are reported in parentheses above). Further, there | is some concern that this classification serves to distinguish | those living in extreme poverty (Codes 1, 2 and 3), from those | living in poverty (Code 4), from everyone else (the income | groups corresponding to Code 5 include the lower middle through | upper classes). | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 01. <300.00 | 02. 300.00 - 600.00 | 03. 601.00 - 1000.00 | 04. 1001.00 - 1500.00 | 1501.00 - 2000.00 | 05. 2001.00 - 3000.00 | 3001.00 - 5000.00 | 5001.00 - 10000.00 | MORE THAN 10000.00 | | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PORTUGAL (2002): A2012 | | The income levels included here were adapted from those included | in other surveys, namely the ISSP (International Social Survey | Programme), carried out in Portugal in 1997 for the first time. | The lowest level shown is approximately the legal minimum | monthly salary in Portugal. | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 01. LESS THAN 300 | 02. FROM 301 TO 750 | 03. FROM 751 TO 1500 | 04. FROM 1501 TO 2500 | 05. MORE THAN 2500 | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - RUSSIA (1999): A2012 | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - RUSSIA (2000): A2012 | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | (Total Household Income over last 30 days) | 01. <540 | 02. 541-999 | 03. 1000-1500 | 04. 1501-2999 | 05. >3000 | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SOUTH KOREA (2000): A2012 | | Documentation for South Korean income ranges corresponding to | CSES categories were provided as follows: | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 01. UNDER 667 | 02. 667-1083 | 03. 1084-1833 | 04. 1834- 2917 | 05 ABOVE 2917 | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWEDEN (1998): A2012 | | This variable reports R's income rather than R's household's | income. | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 01. <74 000 | 02. 75,000 - 138,000 | 03. 139,000 - 181,000 | 04. 182,000 - 232,000 | 05. 233,000+ | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWITZERLAND (1999): A2012 | | The original categories have been recoded in the following way | in order to roughly fit the quintiles: | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 01. <2,000 | 2,001 TO 3,000 | 3,001 TO 4,000 | 02. 4,001 TO 5,000 | 03. 5,001 TO 6,000 | 6,001 TO 7,000 | 04. 7,001 TO 8,000 | 8,001 TO 9,000 | 05. 9,001 TO 10,000 | 10,001 TO 12,000 | >12,000 | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - THAILAND (2001): A2012 | | This item reports quintiles based on R's "income last month". | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 01. <1,000 | 02. 1,001-3,000 | 03. 3001-6,000 | 04. 6,001-9,000 | 9,001-15,000 | 05. >15,001 | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - UNITED STATES (1996): A2012 | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 01. NONE OR LESS THAN 2,999 | 3,000-4,999 | 5,000-6,999 | 7,000-8,999 | 9,000-9,999 | 02. 10,000-10,999 | 11,000-11,999 | 12,000-12,999 | 13,000-13,999 | 14,000-14.999 | 03. 15,000-16,999 | 17,000-19,999 | 20,000-21,999 | 22,000-24,999 | 25,000-29,999 | 04. 30,000-34,999 | 35,000-39,999 | 40,000-44,999 | 45,000-49,999 | 50,000-59,999 | 05. 60,000-74,999 | 75,000-89,999 | 90,000-104,999 | 105,000 AND OVER --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A2013 >>> NUMBER IN HOUSEHOLD --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Exact number of persons in household - that is, the number of persons living together in the housing unit excluding paid employees and persons who pay for rent for a room. .................................................................. 01-90. NUMBER OF PERSONS 98. DON'T KNOW 99. MISSING | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CANADA (1997): A2013 | | This variable reports the number of adults living a in R's | dwelling place. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HUNGARY (1998): A2013 | | The data come from the pre-election wave of the survey. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - JAPAN (1996): A2013 | | Number of people in household: The highest code 7 includes | households with more than and equal to 7 people. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - MEXICO (1997): A2013,A2014 | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - MEXICO (2000): A2013,A2014 | | Some cases are coded with very high numbers in the deposited | data and remain unchanged. Similarly in 13 cases the value of | A2014is greater than the value of A2013 in the deposited data; | these data also remain unchanged. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - UNITED STATES (1996): A2013 | | The response category corresponding to code 8 indicates '8 or | more' for US respondents. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A2014 >>> NUMBER IN HOUSEHOLD UNDER AGE 18 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Number of people in household under the age of 18. .................................................................. 00-90. NUMBER OF PEOPLE 98. DON'T KNOW 99. MISSING | NOTES: A2014 | | See also notes for variable A2013 | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HUNGARY (1998): A2014 | | The data come from the pre-election wave of the survey. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - JAPAN (1996): A2014 | | Number of people under age 18 in household is not asked in the | Japanese survey. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - UNITED STATES (1996): A2014 | | Total number of children (persons under 18) has been calculated | by subtracting the number of eligible adults from the total | number of persons in the household; a slight inaccuracy is | possible in cases where noneligible adults (e.g. noncitizens) | resided in the household. [Number of eligible adults was | subtracted from 8 if the total number of persons in the | household was more than 8 (see A2013 note).] --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A2015 >>> RELIGIOUS SERVICES ATTENDANCE --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Attendance at religious services. .................................................................. 1. NEVER 2. ONCE A YEAR 3. TWO TO ELEVEN TIMES A YEAR 4. ONCE A MONTH 5. TWO OR MORE TIMES A MONTH 6. ONCE A WEEK 8. DON'T KNOW 9. MISSING | NOTES: A2015 | | This variable is an optional variable in the CSES battery. As a | result, it was not carried in all of the studies. In some | studies, this item was included but with different response | categories. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BELGIUM-FLANDERS (1999): A2015 | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 01. NEVER | 02. VERY SELDOM | 03. A FEW TIMES A YEAR, ON HOLY DAYS | 04. MONTHLY | 05. A FEW TIMES A MONTH | 06. WEEKLY (OR MORE) | 09. NA (RESPONDENT HAS NO RELIGIOUS BELIEFS) | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GERMANY (1998): A2015 | | Cases coded "more often" than once a week in the German data | have been recoded to "once a week" in CSES A2015. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GREAT BRITAIN (1997): A2015 | | The question was not asked of people who did not give either a | current religion or a religion in which they were brought up. | They are coded 1 ('Never') in this variable. | | Code 2 includes people coded 'Once a year', 'Less often' and | 'Varies too much to say'. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HUNGARY (1998): A2015 | | The data come from the pre-election wave of the survey. Question | wording (listed according to the coding of response categories | in the integrated CSES micro data set): | | "How often do you go to church, [I mean] to religious | gatherings: | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 06. SEVERAL TIMES A WEEK/ONCE A WEEK | 05. SEVERAL TIMES A MONTH | 03. FROM TIME TO TIME, I.E. SEVERAL TIMES A YEAR | 02. ONLY FOR FAMILY EVENTS AND MAJOR FESTIVITIES, | OR | 01. NEVER?" | | (The code numbers are shown in reverse order because that is how | they appeared in the original survey.) | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ISRAEL (1996): A2015 | | Cases coded 7 ("a number of times a week") and 8 ("every day") | in the deposited data have been moved to code 6 in CSES variable | A2012; code 6 thus indicates "Once a week or more". | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - JAPAN (1996): A2015 | | Attendance at religious services is not asked in the Japanese | survey. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - MEXICO (1997): A2015 | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - MEXICO (2000): A2015 | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 01. NEVER | ALMOST NEVER | 05. TWO OR MORE TIME PER MONTH | 06. ONCE A WEEK | MORE THAN ONCE PER WEEK | EVERY DAY | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NETHERLANDS (1998): A2015 | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 01. NEVER | 03. SEVERAL TIMES A YEAR | 04. ONCE A MONTH | 05. 2 OR 3 TIMES A MONTH | 06. AT LEAST ONCE A WEEK | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWITZERLAND (1999): A2015 | | Only the respondents which indicated a denomination were asked | this question. The original categories have been recoded as | follows: | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 01. NEVER | 02. ONCE A YEAR | ONLY ON SPECIAL OCCASIONS | 03. SEVERAL TIMES A YEAR | 04. ONCE OR TWICE PER MONTH | 06. ONCE A WEEK | SEVERAL TIMES A WEEK | 09 NO ANSWER | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - UNITED STATES (1996): A2015 | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 03. A FEW TIMES A YEAR | 04. ONCE OR TWICE A MONTH | 05. ALMOST EVERY WEEK | 06. EVERY WEEK --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A2016 >>> RELIGIOSITY --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Religiosity. .................................................................. 1. HAVE NO RELIGIOUS BELIEFS 2. NOT VERY RELIGIOUS 3. SOMEWHAT RELIGIOUS 4. VERY RELIGIOUS 8. DON'T KNOW 9. MISSING | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CANADA (1997): A2016 | | The CES asked respondents: | | "In your life, would you say religion is VERY important, | SOMEWHAT important, NOT VERY important, or NOT IMPORTANT at | all?" | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 04. VERY IMPORTANT | 03. SOMEWHAT IMPORTANT | 02. NOT VERY IMPORTANT | 01. NOT IMPORTANT AT ALL | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HUNGARY (1998): A2016 | | The data come from the pre-election wave of the survey. The | question wording (listed according to the coding of response | categories in the integrated CSES micro data set) was: | | "Please read the statements on this card and choose the one that | describes you[r attitude] best: [CARD] | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 04. I AM RELIGIOUS, I FOLLOW THE TEACHINGS OF | THE [I.E. MY] CHURCH | 03. I AM RELIGIOUS IN MY OWN WAY | 08. I CANNOT TELL WHETHER I AM RELIGIOUS OR NOT | 01. I AM NOT RELIGIOUS/I HAVE A DIFFERENT | CONVICTION [I.E. R IS AN ATHEIST] | I AM DEFINITELY NOT RELIGIOUS | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - MEXICO (1997): A2016 | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - MEXICO (2000): A2016 | | This question is constructed from an item that asked: "How often | do you pray?" | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 01. NEVER | 02. ALMOST NEVER | 03. FROM TIME TO TIME | 04. SEVERAL TIMES A WEEK | EVERY DAY | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SLOVENIA (1996): A2016 | | This item read "Could you entrust us, if you are religious or | not?" | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 01. NOT RELIGIOUS | 02. I CANNOT SAY WHETHER I'M RELIGIOUS OR NOT' | 03. RELIGIOUS | 08. DK, CANNOT ANSWER | 09. NA | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - TAIWAN (1996): A2016 | | A response category equivalent to CSES code 3 was not used in | the Taiwan study. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - THAILAND (2001): A2016 | | This variable reports response to the following item: | "On a scale of 1 [not very religious] to 10 [very religious], | how religious would you say you are?" | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 01. 1-3 | 02. 4-5 | 03. 6-7 | 04. 8-10 | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - UNITED STATES (1996): A2016 | | This CSES variable is constructed from two US survey items: | | "Do you consider religion to be an IMPORTANT part of your |life, or NOT?" | | "(IF R SAYS RELIGION IS IMPORTANT:) Would you say your religion | provides SOME guidance in your day-to-day living, QUITE A BIT of | guidance, or A GREAT DEAL of guidance in your day-to-day life?" | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 01. [RESPONDENT ANSWERED NO TO THE FIRST ITEM]. | 02. SOME GUIDANCE | 03. QUITE A BIT | 04. A GREAT DEAL | | The U.S. study variable had "refused" and NA combined into a | single category; together they are recoded to 0. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A2017 >>> RELIGIOUS DENOMINATION --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Religious denomination. .................................................................. 01. ROMAN CATHOLIC PROTESTANT 02. PROTESTANT, NO DENOMINATION GIVEN 03. ADVENTIST 04. EPISCOPALIAN, ANGLICAN, CHURCH OF ENGLAND, CHURCH OF IRELAND 05. BAPTIST 06. CONGREGATIONAL 07. EUROPEAN FREE CHURCH (ANABAPTISTS) 08. HOLINESS 09. INDEPENDENT-FUNDAMENTALIST 10. LUTHERAN 11. METHODIST 12. PENTECOSTAL 13. PRESBYTERIAN NON-TRADITIONAL PROTESTANTS 14. CHRISTIAN SCIENTISTS 15. MORMONS; LATTER DAY SAINTS 16. UNITARIAN; UNIVERSALIST 17. EASTERN ORTHODOX (GREEK RITE CATHOLIC) 18. CHRISTIAN (NO DENOMINATION GIVEN) 20. JEWISH ISLAM 30. MUSLIM; MOHAMMEDAN; ISLAM (NO DENOMINATION GIVEN) 31. KHARIJISM 32. MU'TAZILISM 33. SUNNI 34. SHI'ISM 35. ISMA'ILIS 36. BAHA'I 37. DRUSE BUDDHISM 40. BUDDHIST 41. THERAVADA 42. MAHAYANA 43. TANTRISM 44. TIBETAN BUDDHISM 45. SHINGON HINDUISM AND OTHER RELIGIONS OF INDIA 50. HINDU 51. JAINISM 52. SIKHIASM 53. PARSIISM 54. VEDISM 55. BRAHMANISM 56. VAISAVISM 57. SAIVISM 58. TANTRISM 59. SHAKTISM 60. FOLK HINDUISM INDIGENOUS RELIGIONS OF EAST ASIA 71. CONFUCIANISM 72. TAOISM 73. SHINT 74. BAHAI 75. I-KUAN-TAO OTHERS 80. OTHER RELIGIONS 81. AGNOSTICS 82. ATHEISTS 83. NONE 91. REFORMED CALVINIST (NOT PRESB) 98. DON'T KNOW 99. MISSING | NOTES: A2017 | | See also notes for variable A2017. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GERMANY (1998): A2017 | | Only major group rather than full denomination was coded in the | German data. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GREAT BRITAIN (1997): A2017 | | Respondents with no religion were coded 81 ('Agnostic') if they | were coded 3 or 4 in variable A2016 and 82 ('Atheist') if | they were coded 0,3,4,8 or 9 in variable A2016. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HUNGARY (1998): A2017 | | The data come from the pre-election wave of the survey. The | respondents were first asked to name the denomination - if any - | in which they were baptized or registered at birth. This was | followed by the question on church attendance (see responses at | variable A2015 in the CSES micro data). Then, the following | question was asked (listed according to the coding of response | categories in the integrated CSES micro data set): | | "And irrespectively of whether you were baptized [registered in | a church] at birth, would you say that you currently belong to | a religious denomination?" | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | [VOLUNTEERED RESPONSE CATEGORIES IN THE ORIGINAL:] | 10.- 20. Yes [IF YES:] "To which one?" | | 10. CATHOLIC | 13. CALVINIST [I.E. MEMBER OF THE HUNGARIAN | REFORMATED CHURCH] | 10. LUTHERAN | 20. JEWISH | 80. OTHERS | | 98. DK | 83. NO, I DO NOT BELONG TO A RELIGIOUS | DENOMINATION | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ISRAEL (1996): A2017 | | Code 37 indicates religious category "Druse." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NETHERLANDS (1998): A2017 | | Code 91 includes cases within various Reformed Church or | Calvinist denominations (but not Presbyterian). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NORWAY (1997): A2017 | | Religious denomination is not relevant in Norway, and as a | result this question was not included in the Norwegian study. | However, in 1993, the Norwegian Election Study found 95.5% of | respondents were Lutheran Protestants (The Church of Norway). | CSES response category, 02., therefore, indicates "Lutheran | Protestant" for Norwegian respondents (all respondents were | classified as Lutheran Protestants by the collaborator). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PORTUGAL (2002): A2017 | | Since, in Portugal, most people who consider themselves | religious are Catholic, for this question respondents only had | three possible answers: | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | 01. Catholic | 02. Other religion | 03. No religion | | In order to deposit the values in the CSES dataset, the category | "other religion" in the Portuguese questionnaire corresponds to | the CSES category 80, "other religions". However, while in the | Portuguese case "other religion" means all except the Catholic | religion, in the CSES case it means other religions beside all | those listed before. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A2018 >>> LANGUAGE USUALLY SPOKEN AT HOME --------------------------------------------------------------------------- This variable reports the language usually spoken in the respondents' household. If more than one language is spoken at home, this variable reports the language spoken most of the time. .................................................................. 001. AFRIKAANS 002. ALBANIAN, ARVANITIKA 003. ALBANIAN, GHEG 004. ALBANIAN, TOSK 005. ALLEMANNISCH 006. ALSATIAN 007. ARABIC, JUDEO-MOROCCAN 008. ARABIC, LEVANTINE (ISRAEL) 009. ARMENIAN 201. ASHANTI (GHANA) 237. ASYRIAN 010. AVAR (RUSSIA) 011. AWADHI (INDIA) 012. AYMARA, CENTRAL (ARGENTINA, PERU) 231. AZERI 013. BASQUE 234. BALKAR 014. BELORUSSIAN 015. BEMBA (ZAMBIA) 016. BENGALI, BANGLADESHI, BANGLA (INDIA) 017. BHOJPURI (INDIA) 202. BLUCH (PAKISTAN) 018. BOSNIAN 019. BRETON 020. BULGARIAN 021. CATALAN 022. CHECHEN (RUSSIA) 203. CHINESE, CANTONESE 023. CHINESE, HAKKA 024. CHINESE, MANDARIN 025. CHINESE, MIN NAN 026. CHUVASH (RUSSIA) 027. CROATIAN 028. CZECH 029. DANISH 030. DECCAN (INDIA) 204. DORIC (SCOTLAND) 031. DUTCH 032. ENGLISH 033. ERZYA (RUSSIA) 205. ESAN (NIGERIA) 034. ESTONIAN 206. EWE (GHANA) 209. FARSI (IRAN) 035. FINNISH 036. FRENCH 037. FRISIAN, WESTERN (NEATHERLAND) 038. FULACUNDA (SENEGAL) 207. GA (GHANA) 039. GAELIC, IRISH 208. GAELIC (SCOTLAND) 040. GAGAUZ (MOLDOVA) 041. GALICIAN 042. GASCON 043. GEORGIAN 044. GERMAN, STANDARD 045. GREEK 046. GUARANI, PARAGUAYAN 047. GUJARATI (SOUTH AFRICA, INDIA) 048. HEBREW 049. HUNGARIAN 051. HINDI 050. ICELANDIC 210. INDONESIAN 211. IRANIAN 052. ITALIAN 212. IWO (UGANDA) 053. JAKATI (MOLDOVA) 213. JAMAICAN PATOIS 054. JAPANESE 055. KANNADA (INDIA) 056. KAONDE (ZAMBIA) 057. KARAIM (LITHUANIA) 233. KARBADIN 058. KIRMANJKI (TURKEY) 235. KOMI 232. KURDISH 059. KURMANJI (TURKEY) 060. LADINO (ISRAEL) 061. LALA-BISA (ZAMBIA) 062. LAMBA (ZAMBIA) 063. LATVIAN 064. LENJE (ZAMBIA) 065. LESSER ANTILLEAN CREOLE 067. LIGURIAN 068. LITHUANIAN 069. LOMBARD 070. LOZI (ZAMBIA) 071. LUNDA (ZAMBIA) 072. LUVALE (ZAMBIA) 073. MACEDONIAN 074. MAITHILI (INDIA) 229. MALLORQUIN 075. MALAY 076. MALAYALAM (INDIA) 077. MALINKE (SENEGAL) 214. MALTESE 215. MENDE (SIERRA LEONE) 216. MIRPUARY/MIRPUIR (PAKISTAN) 217. MNADINGGO (GAMBIA) 078. MAMBWE-LUNGU (ZAMBIA) 079. MANDINKA (SENEGAL) 080. MAORI 081. MAPUDUNGUN (CHILE) 082. MARATHI (INDIA) 083. MBOWE (ZAMBIA) 084. MINGRELIAN (GEORGIA) 085. MONTENEGRIAN 086. MWANGA (ZAMBIA) 087. NEAPOLITAN-CALABRESE 088. NORWEGIAN 089. NSENGA (ZAMBIA) 090. NYANJA (ZAMBIA) 091. NYIHA (ZAMBIA) 092. ORIYA (INDIA) 093. OSETIN (GEORGIA) 218. PAHARI (PAKISTAN) 094. PANJABI, EASTERN (INDIA) 236. PERSIAN 095. PIEMONTESE 096. POLISH 097. PORTUGUESE 098. PROVENCAL 219. PUSHTO (PAKISTAN) 099. QUECHUA, ANCASH, HUAYLAS 100. QUECHUA, SOUTH BOLIVIAN (ARGENTINA) 101. QUECH UA, AYACUCHO 102. QUICHUA, HIGHLAND, IMBABURA 103. ROMANI, BALKAN 104. ROMANI, CARPATHIAN 105. ROMANI, VLACH 106. RUMANIAN 107. RUMANIAN, ISTRO 108. RUMANIAN, MACEDO 109. RUSSIAN 110. SARDINIAN, LOGUDORESE 220. SARAKI (PAKISTAN) 111. SCHWYZERDUTSCH (SWITZERLAND) 112. SERB 113. SERBO-CROATIAN 114. SERERE-SINE (SENEGAL) 115. SICILIAN 116. SINDHI (SINGAPRE, INDIA) 117. SLOVAK 118. SLOVENIAN 221. SOMALI 119. SOTHO, NORTHERN (SOUTH AFRICA) 120. SOTHO, SOUTHERN (SOUTH AFRICA) 121. SPANISH 222. SWAHILI 122. SWATI (SOUTH AFRICA) 123. SWEDISH 124. TAMIL (INDIA) 125. TATAR (RUSSIA) 126. TELUGU (INDIA) 127. TIBETAN 128. TICANESE (SWITZERLAND) 129. TONGA (ZAMBIA) 130. TOUCOULEUR (SENEGAL) 131. TSONGA (SOUTH AFRICA) 132. TSWANA (SOUTH AFRICA) 133. TUMBUKA (ZAMBIA) 134. TURKISH 223. TWI (GHANA) 135. UKRAINIAN 224. UGANDAN 230. UDMURT 136. URDU (INDIA) 228. VALENCIANO 225. VIETNAMESE 137. VENETIAN 138. XHOSA (SOUTH AFRICA) 139. WELSH 140. WOLOF (SENEGAL) 141. YAHUDIC (ISRAEL) 142. YIDDISH 226. YORUBA (NIGERIA) 143. ZULU 163. [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 227. [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 998. [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 999. MISSING | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CANADA (1997): A2018 | | 227. OTHER, NOT SPECIFIED. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GREAT BRITAIN (1997): A2018 | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 998. NOT ANSWERED | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - JAPAN (1996): A2018 | | Language usually spoken at home is not asked in the Japanese | survey. Code 54 (Japanese) was assigned to all R by the | collaborator. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NEW ZEALAND (1996): A2018 | | The following additional response categories were provided in | the New Zealand study: | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 310. Other Asian | 311. Other European | 312. Pacific Island Language | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PORTUGAL (2002): A2018 | | As only a few people in Portugal do not speak Portuguese at | home, this question was phrased thus (translating from | Portuguese to English): | | Do you generally speak Portuguese at home? | 1. Yes | 2. No | | As there is no "other languages" CSES category in this variable, | respondents who speak another language than Portuguese have been | coded as "missing". | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ROMANIA (1996): A2018 | | No response category corresponding to code 227 was provided by | the collaborator. However, 9 of the 10 respondents included in | this category identify with the Roma ethnicity (the remaining | individual identifies with the Hungarian ethnicity). Therefore, | it is likely that the response category corresponding to code | 227 indicates a dialect of Romany that does not fit into the | CSES classification scheme. This will be confirmed as more | information becomes available. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SOUTH KOREA (2000): A2018 | | 227. KOREAN | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWEDEN (1998): A2018 | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 163. [UNACCOUNTED FOR] | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWITZERLAND (1999): A2018 | | As this question was not asked in the Swiss survey, the | interview language is reported here instead, by the | collaborator. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - THAILAND (2001): A2018 | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | 300. Only local dialect | 301. Mostly local dialect | 302. Mostly central Thai | 303. Only central Thai | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - UNITED STATES (1996): A2018 | | This item was not included in the US study. Note, all | interviews were conducted in English. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A2019 >>> REGION OF RESIDENCE --------------------------------------------------------------------------- This variable reports the respondents' region of residence using coding categories not more detailed than the autonomous regions in Spain, or the Laender in Germany. Regions are usually (but not always) based upon the social, cultural, or historical differences (though some correspond to administrative regions) that manifest themselves in political cleavages. .................................................................. 01-80. REGION CODES [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 99. MISSING | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - AUSTRALIA (1996): A2019 | | This variable was derived from AES variable ELECT (respondent's | Electoral Division) (User's Guide, pp. 105-108). | | State of residence remains the most socially meaningful regional | indicator for the Australian (federal) polity. The | geographically peripheral states of Queensland, Western | Australia, and Tasmania have, for example, demonstrated | distinctive patterns of support for minor parties in recent | years, with the "Greens" gaining the election of four members to | the House of Assembly in Tasmania and three to the Legislative | Council in Western Australia. Moreover, in conjunction with | variable A2022, and/or with variable A2027, A2019 may be | heuristic with regard to sub-regional differences in issue | orientation, as well as in party support (e.g. as between | Northern Queensland and metropolitan Brisbane). | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 01. NEW SOUTH WALES | 02. VICTORIA | 03. QUEENSLAND | 04. SOUTH AUSTRALIA | 05. WESTERN AUSTRALIA | 06. TASMANIA | 07. AUSTRALIAN CAPITAL TERRITORY | 08. NORTHERN TERRITORY | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BELARUS (2001): A2019 | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 02. MINSK OBLAST | 03. BREST OBLAST | 04. GOMEL OBLAST | 05. GRODNO OBLAST | 06. VITEBSK OBLAST | 07. MOGILEV OBLAST | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BELGIUM-FLANDERS (1999): A2019 | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 01. ANTWERP | 02. BRABANT-WALLOON | 03. HAINAUT | 04. LIEGE | 05. LIMBURG | 06. LUXEMBOURG | 07. NAMUR | 08. EAST FLANDERS | 09. BRABANT-VLAAMS | 10. WEST FLANDERS | 20. BRUSSELS | | The Belgium-Flanders (1999) election study includes the | Flemish-speaking portion of Brussels. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BELGIUM-WALLOON (1999): A2019 | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 01. ANTWERP | 02. BRABANT-WALLOON | 03. HAINAUT | 04. LIEGE | 05. LIMBURG | 06. LUXEMBOURG | 07. NAMUR | 08. EAST FLANDERS | 09. BRABANT-VLAAMS | 10. WEST FLANDERS | 20. BRUSSELS | | The Belgium-Walloon (1999) election study includes the | French-speaking portion of Brussels. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CANADA (1997): A2019 | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 10. NEWFOUNDLAND | 11. PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND | 12. NOVA SCOTIA | 13. NEW BRUNSWICK | 24. QUEBEC | 35. ONTARIO | 46. MANITOBA | 47. SASKATCHEWAN | 48. ALBERTA | 59. BRITISH COLUMBIA | 60. YUKON TERRITORIES | 61. NORTHWEST TERRITORIES | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CHILE (1999): A2019 | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 01. I REGION | 02. II REGION | 03. III REGION | 04. IV REGION | 05. V REGION | 06. VI REGION | 07. VII REGION | 08. VIII REGION | 09. IX REGION | 10. X REGION | 13. METROPOLITAN REGION. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CZECH REPUBLIC (1996): A2019 | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 01. BOHEMIA | 02. MORAVIA | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - DENMARK (1998): A2019 | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 01. KOBENHAVN-FREDERIKSBERG | 02. OERNE | 03. JYLLAND | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GERMANY (1998): A2019 | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 01. SCHLESWIG-HOLSTEIN 10. SAARLAND | 02. HAMBURG 11. BERLIN WEST | 03. LOWER SAXONY 12. BERLIN EAST | 04. BREMEN 13. BRANDENBURG | 05. NORTH RHINE - WESTPHALIA 14. MECKLENBURG-VORPOMMERN | 06. HESSE 15. SAXONY | 07. RHINELAND-PALATINATE 16. SACHSEN-ANHALD | 08. BADEN-WURTTEMBERG 17. THURINGIA | 09. BAVARIA | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GREAT BRITAIN (1997): A2019 | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 01. NORTH | 02. NORTH WEST | 03. YORKSHIRE AND HUMBERSIDE | 04. WEST MIDLANDS | 05. EAST MIDLANDS | 06. EAST ANGLIA | 07. SOUTH WEST ENGLAND | 08. SOUTH EAST ENGLAND (EXCEPT GREATER LONDON) | 09. GREATER LONDON | 10. WALES | 11. SCOTLAND | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HONG KONG (1998): A2019 | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HONG KONG (2000): A2019 | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 01. HONG KONG ISLAND | 02. KOWLOON EAST | 03. KOWLOON WEST | 04. NEW TERRITORIES EAST | 05. NEW TERRITORIES WEST | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HUNGARY (1998): A2019 | | Although Hungarian public discourse occasionally refers to the | "North-West", "Budapest", the "East", or particular counties as | regions that display some cultural, economic, historical and | political differences, the number, identity and boundaries of | the relevant regions is rather obscure, and, at the very least, | have been constantly changing. Therefore, the construction of | this variable is based on the multimember electoral district of | the respondent's residence. These are the 19 counties and the | capital city of Budapest, which also serve as the twenty | administrative units of Hungary that exist between the national | and municipal level. For this variable these twenty multimember | districts or regions are collapsed into six geographic areas. | | The codes are: | | 01. SOUTH_EAST 05. NORTH-WEST | Bacs-Kiskun County Fejer County | Bekes County Gyor-Sopron-Moson County | Csongrad County Komarom-Esztergom County | Vas County | 02. EAST Veszprem County | Hajdu-Bihar County | Jasz-Nagykun-Szolnok County 06. SOUTH-WEST | Szabolcs-Szatmar County Baranya County | Somogy County | 03. NORTH Tolna County | Borsod-Abauj-Zemplen County Zala County | Heves County | Nograd County | | 04. BUDAPEST and Pest County | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - JAPAN (1996): A2019 | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 01. HOKKAIDO 04. CHUBU 06. CHUGOKU | Niigata Tottori | 02. TOHOKU Toyama Shimane | Aomori Ishikawa Okayama | Iwate Fukui Hiroshima | Miyagi Yamanashi Yamaguchi | Akita Nagano | Yamagata Gifu 07. SHIKOKU | Fukushima Shizuoka Tokushima | Aichi Kagawa | 03. KANTO Ehime | Ibaragi 05. KINKI Kochi | Tochigi Mie | Gunma Shiga 08. KYUSHU | Saitama Kyoto Fukuoka | Chiba Osaka Saga | Tokyo Hyogo Nagasaki | Kanagawa Nara Kumamoto | Wakayama Ohita | Miyazaki | Kagoshima | | 09. OKINAWA | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - LITHUANIA (1997): A2019 | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 01. ZEMAITIJA | 02. AUKSTAITIJA | 03. SUVALKIJA | 04. DZUKIJA | 05. SOUTH EAST LITHUANIA | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - MEXICO (1997): A2019 | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - MEXICO (2000): A2019 | | The regions reported in this variable correspond to the primary | electoral districts of the second (PR) segment of the electoral | system, named simply: | | 01. CIRCUNSCRIPCION 1 | 02. CIRCUNSCRIPCION 2 | 03. CIRCUNSCRIPCION 3 | 04. CIRCUNSCRIPCION 4 | 05. CIRCUNSCRIPCION 5 | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NETHERLANDS (1998): A2019 | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 01. NORTH | 02. EAST | 03. SOUTH | 04. WEST | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NEW ZEALAND (1996): A2019 | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 01. AUCKLAND REGION | 02. CENTRAL NORTH ISLAND | 03. WELLINGTON REGION | 04. CANTERBURY REGION | 05. OTAGO REGION | 06. MAORI ELECTORATES | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NORWAY (1997): A2019 | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 01. OSLOFJORD | 02. INNER EAST OF NORWAY | 03. SOUTHERN NORWAY | 04. WESTERN NORWAY | 05. TRANDELAG | 06. NORTHERN NORWAY | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PERU (2000): A2019 | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PERU (2001): A2019 | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 01. GREATER LIMA | 02. NORTH | 03. CENTRAL | 04. SOUTH | 05. EAST | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - POLAND (1997): A2019 | | In the Polish study, region identificaton was supplied by | interviewers. | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 01. FORMER RUSSIAN PARTITION - CONGRESS KINGDOM | 02. FORMER AUSTRIAN PARTITION - GALICIA | 03. FORMER PRUSSIAN PARTITION | 04. TERRITORIES REGAINED AFTER WORLD WAR II | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PORTUGAL (2002): A2019 | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 01. NORTH | 02. CENTRE | 03. LISBON AND TAGUS VALLEY | 04. ALENTEJO | 05. ALGARVE | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ROMANIA (1996): A2019 | | The identification of the regions associated with the codes | provided by the collaborator were determined through the | corresponding electoral districts. This is why the code set | does not label the regions, but instead lists the electoral | districts. | | The following reports the electoral districts corresponding to | each regional code. | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 01. ALBA 05. DOLJ 07. ARGES | BISTRITA NASAUD GORJ BRALIA | BRASOV MEHEDINTI BUZAU | CLUJ OLT CALARASI | HUNEDOARA VALCEA DAMBOVITA | SALAJ GIURGIU | SIBIU 06. BACAU IALOMITA | BOTOSANI PRAHOVA | 02. ARAD GALATI TELEORMAN | BIHOR HARGHITA | MARAMURES IASI 08. CONSTANTA | SATU MARE NEAMT | SUCEAVA 09. BUCURESTI | 03. COVASNA VASLUI ILFOV | MURES VANCREA | | 04. CARAS SEVERIN | TIMIS | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - RUSSIA (1999): A2019 | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - RUSSIA (2000): A2019 | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 01. ST.-PETERSBURG 18. CHELYABINSKAYA OBL. | 02. MOSCOW 19. VOLGOGRADSKAYA OBL. | 03. MOSKOVSKAYA OBL. 20. KABARDINO-BALKARSKAYA RESP. | 04. RESPUBLIKA KOMI 21. ROSTOVSKAYA OBL. | 05. SARATOVSKAYA OBL. 22. ALTAISKII KRAI | 06. LENINGRADSKAYA OBL. 23. STAVROPOL'SKII KRAI | 07. SMOLENSKAYA OBL. 24. KRASNOYARSKII KRAI | 08. TVERSKAYA OBL. 25. KURGANSKAYA OBL. | 09. TUL'SKAYA OBL. 26. UDMURTSKAYA RESP. | 10. KALUZHSKAYA OBL. 27. ORENBURGSKAYA OBL. | 11. NIZHEGORODSKAYA OBL. 28. PERMSKAYA OBL. | 12. CHUVASHSKAYA RESPUBLIKA 29. TOMSKAYA OBL. | 13. PENZENSKAYA OBL. 31. PRIMORSKII KRAI | 14. LIPETSKAYA OBL. 32. AMURSKAYA OBL. | 15. TAMBOVSKAYA OBL. 33. NOVOSIBIRSKAYA OBL. | 16. TATARSTAN RESPUBLIKA | 17. KRASNODARSKII KRAI | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SLOVENIA (1996): A2019 | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 01. POMURSKA 07. OSREDNJA | 02. PODRAVSKA 08. SPODNJEPOSAVSKA | 03. KOROSKA 09. DOLENJSKA | 04. SAVINJSKA 10. GORISKA | 05. GORENJSKA 11. OBALNOKRASKA | 06. ZASAVSKA 12. KRASKA | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SOUTH KOREA (2000): A2019 | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 01. SEOUL 09. KANG-WON | 02. BUSAN 10. CHUNGCHONGQUK | 03. TAEGU 11. CHUNGCHONGNAM | 04. INCHON 12. CHOLLABUK | 05. TAEJON 13. CHOLLANAM | 06. KWANGJU 14. KYONGSANGBUK | 07. ULSAN 15. KYONGSANGNAM | 08. KYONGGI | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SPAIN (1996): A2019 | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SPAIN (2000): A2019 | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 01. ANDALUCIA 10. EXTREMADURA | 02. ARAGON 11. GALICIA | 03. ASTURIAS 12. RIOJA | 04. BALEARES 13. MADRID | 05. CATALUNA 14. MURCIA | 06. CANARIAS 15. NAVARRA | 07. CATABRIA 16. P.VASCO | 08. C.LEON 17. COM.VALENCIANA | 09. CAST.MANCHA | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWEDEN (1998): A2019 | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 01. STOCKHOLM 14. VÄSTRA GÖTALAND | 03. UPPSALA 17. VÄRMLAND | 04. SÖDERMANLAND 18. ÖREBRO | 05. ÖSTERGÖTLAND 19. VÄSTMANLAND | 06. JÖNKÖPING 20. KOPPARBERG | 07. KRONOBERG 21. GÄVLEBORG | 08. KALMAR 22. VÄSTERNORRLAND | 09. GOTLAND 23. JÄMTLAND | 10. BLEKINGE 24. VÄSTERBOTTEN | 12. SKÅNE 25. NORRBOTTEN | 13. HALLAND | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWITZERLAND (1999): A2019 | | These regions correspond to the Swiss cantons. | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 01. ZURICH 10. FRIBOURG 19. AARGAU | 02. BERN 11. SOLOTHURN 20. THURGAU | 03. LUZERN 12. BASEL-STADT 21. TICINO | 04. URI 13. BASEL-LAND 22. VAUD | 05. SCHWYZ 14. SCHAFFHAUSEN 23. VALAIS | 06. OBWALDEN 15. APPENZELL AR 24. NEUCHATEL | 07. NIDWALDEN 16. APPENZELL AI 25. GENEVE | 08. GLARUS 17. ST. GALLEN 26. JURA | 09. ZUG 18. GRAUBANDEN 27. LIECHTENSTEIN | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - TAIWAN (1996): A2019 | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 01. NORTH TAIWAN | 02. TAO-CHU-MIEU | 03. MIDDLE TAIWAN | 04. SOUTH TAIWAN | 05. EAST TAIWAN | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - THAILAND (2001): A2019 | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 01. NORTH | 02. NORTH EAST | 03. MIDLAND | 04. BANGKOK | 05. SOUTH | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - UKRAINE (1998): A2019 | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 01. KYIV 05. NORTH-WESTERN 09. SOUTHERN | Rivnens'ka Odes'ka | 02. NORTHERN Volyns'ka Mykolayivs'ka | Kyivs'ka Khmelnyts'ka Khersons'ka | Chernihivs'ka | Zhytomyrs'ka 06. SOUTH-EASTERN 10. CRIMEA | Dnipropetrovs'ka | 03. CENTRAL Zaporiz'ska 11. EASTERN | Cherkas'ka Donets'ka | Poltavs'ka 07. WESTERN Luhans'ka | Kirovohrads'ka Ivano-Frankivs'ka | Vinnyts'ka Lvivs'ka | Ternopils'ka | 04. NORTH-EASTERN | Kharkivs'ka 08. SOUTH-WESTERN | Sums'ka Zakarpats'ka | Chernivets'ka | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - UNITED STATES (1996): A2019 | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 01. NORTHEAST 03. SOUTH | Connecticut Alabama | Maine Arkansas | Massachusetts Delaware | New Hampshire Washington DC | New Jersey Florida | New York Georgia | Pennsylvania Kentucky | Rhode Island Louisiana | Vermont Maryland | Mississippi | 02. NORTH CENTRAL North Carolina | Illinois Oklahoma | Indiana South Carolina | Iowa Tennessee | Kansas Texas | Michigan Virginia | Minnesota West Virginia | Missouri | Nebraska 04. WEST | North Dakota Arkansas | Ohio Arizona | South Dakota California | Wisconsin Colorado | Hawaii | Idaho | Montana | New Mexico | Nevada | Oregon | Utah | Washington | Wyoming --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A2020 >>> RACE --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Race of respondent. .................................................................. 01. EUROPEAN (CAUCASOID) 02. ASIAN 03. AFRICAN (NEGROID) 04. INDIAN 05. POLYNEASIAN 06. MICRONEASIAN 07. MELANESIAN 08. AUSTRALOID 09. AMERICAN INDIAN 10. OTHER [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 98. DON'T KNOW 99. MISSING | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GREAT BRITAIN (1997): A2020 | | This item was constructed from variable A2021 by the | collaborator, as follows: | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | 01. WHITE OF ANY EUROPEAN ORIGIN/OF OTHER ORIGIN | 02. ASIAN OF CHINESE/OTHER ORIGIN | 03. BLACK OF AFRICAN/CARIBBEAN/OTHER ORIGIN | 04. ASIAN OF INDIAN/PAKISTANI/BANGLADESHI ORIGIN | 10. MIXED ORIGIN/OTHER | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HUNGARY (1998): A2020 | | Anthropologists may question whether the Roma belongs to a | different race than other Hungarian citizens, but in political | terms the "Roma question" of Hungarian domestic politics has | racial, rather than ethnic overtones. Thus, the potentially | relevant distinction between Roma and non-Roma is retained by | the race variable. The interviewers were asked to record, right | after the post-election interview, whether the respondent was or | was not Roma, or that they cannot tell. Based on the presumed | historical origin of the Roma people, respondents believed by | the interviewers to be Roma were coded as members of the Indian | race. Due to the insignificant frequency of exceptions, | respondents believed by the interviewers not to be Roma were | coded Caucasoid. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - JAPAN (1996): A2020 | | Race is not asked in the Japanese survey. Code 02 (Asian) was | assigned to all respondents by the collaborator. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NEW ZEALAND (1996): A2020 | | Response category "10. Other: Country specific" was | incorporated for New Zealand to accommodate respondents in New | Zealand who said that they were "New Zealanders". | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PORTUGAL (2002): A2020 | | Questions concerning race are deemed inappropriate in Portuguese | society. Instead, the interviewer was asked to guess the | respondent's race. Therefore there are no answers in categories | "don't know" or "refused to answer". | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - UNITED STATES (1996): A2020,A2021 | | The category "Asian/Pacific Islander" in the U.S. study was | recoded to the CSES "Asian" category. Also, note this US | response category includes all ethnic identities corresponding | to the Polynesian, Micronesian, Melanesian CSES response | category. As a result, American Rs corresponding to these | ethnic identities cannot be identified, and are reported under | the broad CSES response category "Asian." | | Also, the race of respondent (variable A2020) was determined | by the interviewer, while the R's ethnic identity (variable | A2021) was reported by the respondent. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A2021 >>> ETHNICITY --------------------------------------------------------------------------- This variable reports the ethnic identity of respondents. .................................................................. 001-997. ETHNICITY CODES [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 999. MISSING | NOTES: A2021 | | See also notes for variable A2020. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - AUSTRALIA (1996): A2021 | | This variable was derived from J3OWN (AES User's Guide, | pp.96-97). | | Respondents' country of birth has been categorized in this | variable on the basis of social meaning in Australia, as well as | on the frequency of major geographical areas, or language | groups, of origin represented in the sample. | | "British Isles" -- includes respondents born in the United | Kingdom (N=153) and the Republic of Ireland (5). | | "Other English Speaking" -- includes respondents born in New | Zealand (20) and "North America" (3). | | "Northern Europe" -- includes respondents born in Germany (9), | Netherlands (18), "Western Europe" (4), and other "Northern | Europe" (1). | | "Southern Europe" - includes respondents born in Italy (19), | Greece (16), Malta (6), Yugoslavia (17), and other | "Southern Europe" (3). | | "Eastern Europe" - includes respondents born in Poland (6), | other "Eastern Europe" (5), and the "USSR and Baltic States" | (3). | | "Asia" - includes respondents born in Vietnam (6), "Southeast | Asia" (28), "Northeast Asia" (8), and "Southern Asia" (10). | | "Mid East/North Africa" - includes respondents born in the | "Middle East and North Africa" (20). | | "Other" - includes respondents born in "Oceania" (8), "South & | Central America & Caribbean" (4), "Africa excluding Nth Africa" | (10), and "Other, unspecified" (2). | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 001. AUSTRALIA | 002. BRITISH ISLES | 003. OTHER ENGLISH SPEAKING | 004. NORTHERN EUROPE | 005. SOUTHERN EUROPE | 006. EASTERN EUROPE | 007. ASIA | 008. MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA | 009. OTHER | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BELARUS (2001): A2021 | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 001. BELARUSSIAN | 002. RUSSIAN | 003. UKRAINIAN | 004. POLE | 006. JUDE | 007. OTHER | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CANADA (1997): A2021 | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 096. OTHER 018. DUTCH/BELGIAN | 001. ENGLISH 019. POLISH | 002. IRISH 020. PORTUGUESE | 003. SCOTTISH 021. RUSSIAN | 004. WELSH 022. SCANDINAVIAN | 005. CHINESE 023. UKRAINIAN | 006. CZECH/SLOVAK/SERB 024. WEST INDIAN | 007. FINNISH/BALTIC 025. OCEANIC | 008. FRENCH/QUEBECOIS 026. ISLAMIC/ARAB/MIDEAST | 009. GERMAN/AUSTRIAN 027. HISPANIC | 010. GREEK/MACEDONIAN 028. CDN | 011. HUNGARIAN 029. ASIAN/S.PACIFIC | 012. INDIAN/PAKISTANI,ETC 030. OTHER EUROPE | 013. ITALIAN 031. BRITISH (+2) | 014. JAPANESE | 015. JEWISH | 016. NATIVE / INUIT | 017. BLACK | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CHILE (1999): A2021 | | The respondent's ethnicity is not reported in this study. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CZECH REPUBLIC (1996): A2021 | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 001. GYPSY | 002. CZECH | 003. MORAVIAN | 004. OTHER | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GREAT BRITAIN (1997): A2021 | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 001. BLACK OF AFRICAN ORIGIN | 002. BLACK OF CARIBBEAN ORIGIN | 003. BLACK OF OTHER ORIGIN | 004. ASIAN OF INDIAN ORIGIN | 005. ASIAN OF PAKISTANI ORIGIN | 006. ASIAN OF BANGLADESHI ORIGIN | 007. ASIAN OF CHINESE ORIGIN | 008. ASIAN OF OTHER ORIGIN | 009. WHITE OF EUROPEAN ORIGIN | 010. WHITE OF OTHER ORIGIN | 011. MIXED ORIGIN | 012. OTHER | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ISRAEL (1996): A2021 | | 7 cases coded 93 and 1 case coded 99 occurred in the deposited | data and are retained. However, these codes are not documented | in the ethnicity variable notes provided. This note will | be updated as information becomes available. | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 001. JEW-NORTH AFRICA\ETHIOPIA | 002. JEW-ASIA | 003. JEW-EAST EUROPE | 004. JEW-WESTERN AND CENTRAL EUROPE | 005. JEW-AMERICA, AUSTRALIA, SOUTH AFRICA | 006. JEW-ISRAEL, FATHER BORN IN ISRAEL | 007. JEW-ISRAEL, FATHER BORN IN NORTH AFRICA\ | ETHIOPIA | 008. JEW-ISRAEL, FATHER BORN IN ASIA | 009. JEW-ISRAEL, FATHER BORN IN EAST EUROPE | 010. JEW-ISRAEL, FATHER BORN IN WESTERN AND | CENTRAL EUROPE | 011. JEW-ISRAEL, FATHER BORN IN AMERICA, | AUSTRALIA, SOUTH AFRICA | 012. ARAB | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - JAPAN (1996): A2021 | | Ethnicity is not asked in the Japanese survey was assigned to | all R by the collaborator. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - LITHUANIA (1997): A2021 | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 001. LITHUANIAN | 002. RUSSIAN | 003. POLE | 004. OTHER | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - MEXICO (1997): A2021 | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - MEXICO (2000): A2021 | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 001. NATIVE | 002. MESTIZO | 003. WHITE | 004. OTHER | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NEW ZEALAND (1996): A2021 | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 001. NEW ZEALAND EUROPEAN | 002. PAKEHA | 003. NEW ZEALAND MAORI | 004. SOMEONE FROM A PARTICULAR PACIFIC ISLAND | 006. INDIAN | 007. CHINESE | 008. OTHER ASIAN | 009. 'NEW ZEALANDER' | 010. OTHER EUROPEAN | 011. AFRICAN, AFRO-AMERICAN | 012. AUSTRALIAN ABORIGINAL | 013. AMERICAN INDIAN | 014. EUROPEAN/MAORI | 015. MAORI/PACIFIC ISLAND | 016. OTHER MULTIPLE IDENTIFICATION INCLUDING | EUROPEAN | 017. OTHER MULTIPLE IDENTIFICATION NOT INCLUDING | EUROPEAN | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ROMANIA (1996): A2021 | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 001. ROMANIAN | 002. HUNGARIAN | 003. ROMA | 004. GERMAN | 006. TATAR | 007. TURKISH | 008. MACEDO-ROMANIAN | 009. UKRAINIAN | 010. SLOVAKIAN | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - RUSSIA (1999): A2021 | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - RUSSIA (2000): A2021 | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 001. RUSSIAN 025. POLISH 045. KABARDIN | 002. UKRAINIAN 026. AZERBAIJANI 046. BALKAR | 011. JEWISH 027. MOLDOVAN 051. COSSACK | 012. UDMURT 028. KARELIAN 052. KHOKHOL | 013. BELORUSSIAN 030. KUBAN COSSACK 053. CITIZEN OF RUSSIA | 014. TATAR 031. BELORUSSIAN 054. KOMI | 015. GERMAN 032. LATYSH 055. KOMI-PERMYAK | 017. GYPSY 033. MARIIAN 057. MESHKHETIAN TURK | 018. MORDOVIAN 034. UDIN 099. OTHER ANSWER | 020. ABKHAZ 039. RUSSIAN | 021. ARMENIAN 042. BESSARABIAN | 022. CHUVASH 043. RUSSIAN,50% POLISH | 023. BASHKIR 044. ABAZIN | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SLOVENIA (1996): A2021 | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 001. SLOVENIAN | 002. ITALIAN | 003. HUNGARIAN | 004. GERMAN | 005. CROATIAN | 006. SERB | 007. MUSLIM | 008. OTHER ETHNICITY | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWITZERLAND (1999): A2021 | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 001. GERMAN | 002. FRENCH | 003. ITALIAN | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - TAIWAN (1996): A2021 | | 001. TAIWANESE(MIN NAN) | 002. TAIWANESE(HAKKA) | 003. ABORIGINES | 004. MAINLANDERS | 005. OTHERS | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - UKRAINE (1998): A2021 | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 135. UKRAINIAN | 109. RUSSIAN | 997. OTHER | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - UNITED STATES (1996): A2021 | | This was a self-identification item. | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | NORTH AMERICA | 001. AMERICAN INDIAN, TRIBAL MENTIONS | 002. CANADIAN; NOT SPECIFIED AS FRENCH-CANADIAN (03) | 003. CANADIAN, OF FRENCH ORIGIN | 004. MEXICAN (EXCLUDING EXPLICIT MENTION OF "CHICANO", | "MEXICAN-AMERICAN" | 005. CENTRAL AMERICAN | | WEST INDIES | 007. BARBADOS | 008. CUBAN | 009. DOMINICAN REPUBLIC | 010. HAITIAN | 011. JAMAICAN | 012. PUERTO RICAN | 013. WEST INDIAN--NOT FROM ONE OF THE ABOVE COUNTRIES | 014. WEST INDIAN--NA WHICH COUNTRY | | SOUTH AMERICA | 016. SOUTH AMERICAN--ANY COUNTRY | | EUROPE | 018. ENGLISH, BRITISH | 019. IRISH (NOT SPECIFIED AS FROM NORTHERN IRELAND, ULSTER--22) | 020. SCOTTISH | 021. WELSH | 022. FROM NORTHERN IRELAND (ULSTER) | 023. SCOT-IRISH | 024. FROM BRITISH ISLES; FROM TWO OR MORE COUNTRIES OF THE | BRITISH ISLES -EUROPE (CONTINUED) | 026. AUSTRIAN | 027. BELGIAN | 028. FRENCH | 029. GERMAN; ALSO PENNSYLVANIA DUTCH | 030. LUXEMBOURG | 031. NETHERLANDS, HOLLAND; DUTCH | 032. SWISS | 033. FROM WESTERN EUROPE; TWO OR MORE COUNTRIES OF WESTERN | EUROPE | 035. DANISH | 036. FINN, FINNISH | 037. NORWEGIAN | 038. SWEDISH | 039. ICELANDER | 040. SCANDINAVIAN; REFERENCE TO TWO OR MORE SCANDINAVIAN | COUNTRIES | 041. REFERENCE TO TWO OR MORE COUNTRIES IN SOME COMBINATION OF | THE FOLLOWING AREAS: BRITISH ISLES, WESTERN EUROPE, | SCANDINAVIA, MEDITERRANEAN COUNTRIES, GREECE | 043. CZECHOSLOVAKIAN, SLAVIC | 044. ESTONIAN | 045. HUNGARIAN | 046. LATVIAN | 047. LITHUANIAN | 048. POLISH | 049. RUSSIAN; FROM U.S.S.R. | 050. UKRAINIAN | 051. EASTERN EUROPE; REFERENCE TO TWO OR MORE COUNTRIES OF | EASTERN EUROPE | 053. ALBANIAN | 054. BULGARIAN | 055. GREEK | 056. RUMANIAN | 057. YUGOSLAVIAN | 058. MENTION OF TWO OR MORE BALKAN COUNTRIES | 060. ITALIAN | 061. PORTUGESE | 062. SPANISH | 063. MALTESE | 064. EUROPEAN; GENERAL MENTION OF EUROPE; REFERENCE TO TWO OR | MORE EUROPEAN COUNTRIES OF EUROPE NOT CODEABLE ABOVE | | ASIA (EXCEPT NEAR EAST) | 065. PAKISTANI | 066. AFGHAN | 067. INDIAN (NOT AMERICAN INDIAN, CODE 01) | 068. SOUTHEAST ASIA--FROM INDOCHINA, THAILAND, MALAYA, BURMA, | PHILIPPINES, INDONESIA | 069. CHINESE | 070. JAPANESE; JAPANESE AMERICAN | 071. KOREAN | | NEAR EAST | 073. EGYPTIAN | 074. IRANIAN, PERSIAN | 075. IRAQI | 076. ISRAELI | 077. JORDANIAN | 078. LEBANESE | 079. ARAB, ARABIAN, SAUDI ARABIAN | 080. SYRIAN | 081. TURK, TURKISH | 082. ARMENIAN | | AFRICA | 083. AFRICAN; FROM ANY AFRICAN COUNTRY EXCLUDING ONLY EGYPT | (U.A.R.); SOUTH AFRICAN (FORMERLY 90) | | OCEANIA | 085. AUSTRALIAN, NEW ZEALANDER, TASMANIAN | | ETHNIC GROUPS | 086. WHITE, CAUCASIAN | 087. BLACK; NEGRO; AMERICAN BLACK; AFRICAN AMERICAN | 088. CHICANO; MEXICAN-AMERICAN; HISPANIC; LATIN AMERICAN | | OTHER, MISCELLANEOUS | 090. NEITHER (CHOICE BETWEEN 2 MENTIONS) | 091. CATHOLIC | 092. PROTESTANT | 093. JEWISH | 094. MORMON | 095. OTHER RELIGIOUS GROUPS | 096. NONE; 'JUST AMERICAN' | 097. OTHER GROUP; COMBINATIONS NOT CODEABLE ABOVE --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A2022 >>> RURAL OR URBAN RESIDENCE --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Rural/Urban Residence. .................................................................. 1. RURAL AREA OR VILLAGE 2. SMALL OR MIDDLE-SIZED TOWN 3. SUBURBS OF LARGE TOWN OR CITY 4. LARGE TOWN OR CITY 9. MISSING | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - AUSTRALIA (1996): A2022 | | This variable was derived from J11 (User's Guide, p.101). | | Respondents who, in response to J11, say they lived in "A rural | area or village" or "A small country town (under 10,000 people)" | have been coded as "Rural Area or Village" on A2022. Those who | say they lived in "A larger country town (over 10,000 people)" | have been coded as "Small or Middle-sized Town". Those who say | they lived in a "Large town (over 25,000 people)" have been | coded as "Suburbs of Large Town or City". Those who say they | lived in "A major city (over 100,000 people)" have been coded as | "Large Town or City". | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BELARUS (2001): A2022 | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 04. CAPITAL | OBLAST CENTER | 03. REGION CENTER | 02. OTHER TOWN | 01. VILLAGE | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CANADA (1997): A2022 | | This variable is constructed from postal codes, to indicate | "Rural" and "Urban" (response categories "Mid-Sized Town" and | "Suburban" were not included in this study). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GERMANY (1998): A2022 | | Note provided with the recoded deposit: code 3 includes suburbs | of large towns and rural areas close to large towns. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HUNGARY (1998): A2022 | | Localities classified, for administrative purposes, as | "villages" (kozseg), were coded as rural areas. The capital city | of Budapest was coded as a large town. All other localities - | classified, for administrative purposes, as "towns" (varos), and | all having a permanent residential population below 220 | thousand - , were coded as medium sized or small towns. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ISRAEL (1996): A2022 | | No cases appeared in the deposited data for code 1, and 6 cases | had asterisks for values; for this release, the cases with | asterisks have been temporarily coded 9. | | Deposited codes were: | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 01. "RURAL AREA OR VILLAGE (INCLUDING KIBUTZ), | 02. "SMALL OR MIDDLE-SIZED TOWN", | 03. "RURAL SETTLEMENT", | 04. "LARGE TOWN OR CITY", | 05. "NOT CLEAR." | | For this release, responses coded 3 have been recoded to CSES | response category 01. "Rural area or small village" and | responses coded 5 have been recategorized as missing data (CSES | response category 0). | ELECTION STUDY NOTE - MEXICO (2000): A2022 | | The unit of selection was electoral precincts as defined by the | Electoral Commission. Respondents will be coded in A2022 | according to the level of urbanization of the precinct where | they live defined by the Electoral Commission (rural) and the | population size of the community where the precinct is defined | by the census of 2000. | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 01. RURAL. | 02. MEDIUM POPULATION SIZE LESS THAN 100,000. | 04. LARGE POPULATION SIZE. MORE THAN 100,000. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NETHERLANDS (1998): A2022 | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 01. "NOT URBAN" | 02. "HARDLY URBAN"; | 03. "MILDLY URBAN" AND "STRONGLY URBAN" | 04. "VERY STRONGLY URBAN". | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PERU (2000): A2022 | | In the year 2000 urbanisation in Peru reached about 73.04%. | The answer distribution reflects this fact. | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 01. RURAL (<2,000) | 02. SEMI-URBAN (<20,000) | | 04. URBAN (+20,000) | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PORTUGAL (2002): A2022 | | This variable has been computed as shown below, which does not | perfectly correspond with the CSES codeframe: | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 01. RURAL AREA OR VILLAGE | (UNTIL 2.000 INHABITANTS) | 02. SMALL OR MIDDLE-SIZED TOWN | (FROM 2.001 TO 20.000 INHABITANTS) | 03. SUBURBS OF LARGE TOWN OR CITY | (FROM 20.001 TO 100.000 INHABITANTS) | 04. LARGE TOWN OR CITY (MORE THAN 100.001 | INHABITANTS) | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWEDEN (1998): A2022 | | The response category corresponding to CSES code 03 was not | available to Swedish respondents. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWITZERLAND (1999): A2022 | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 01. COUNTRYSIDE, LESS THAN 5'000 INHABITANTS | 02. SMALL OR MIDDLE-SIZED TOWN, 5'001 TO 100'000 | INHABITANTS | | 04. LARGE CITY, MORE THAN 100'000 INHABITANTS --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A2023 >>> POLITICAL INFORMATION ITEM - 1ST A2024 >>> POLITICAL INFORMATION ITEM - 2ND A2025 >>> POLITICAL INFORMATION ITEM - 3RD --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Political information items. .................................................................. 1. CORRECT 2. INCORRECT 8. DON'T KNOW 9. MISSING | NOTES: A2023-A2025 | | Some studies include a series of political information | items, designed to test the respondents' general knowledge. | These items are of varying difficulty and responses are simply | reported as correct or incorrect. The questions used, and their | correct answers, are reported below. | | The response category "Don't Know" was not included in all | studies. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - AUSTRALIA (1996): A2023-A2025 | | These variables were derived from G12P3, G12P9, and G12P6, | respectively (User's Guide, pp.86-88). | | Respondents were asked in G.12 (Questionnaire, p.21): "And | finally, a quick quiz on Australian government. For each of the | following statements, please say whether it is true or false. | If you don't know the answer, just circle '3' and try the next | one." | | 1ST ITEM: (G12P3) - "Australia became a federation in 1901". | Correct answer is "True" | 2ND ITEM: (G12P9) - "The Senate election is based on | proportional representation". | Correct answer is "True". | 3RD ITEM: (G12P6) - "No-one may stand for Federal parliament | unless they pay a deposit". | Correct answer is "True". | | Respondents indicating they "Don't know" on G12P3, G12P9, and | G12P6 were coded to "DK/Missing". | COUNTRY NOTES - BELGIUM-FLANDERS (1999): A2023-A2025 | | 1ST ITEM: Who was the chairman of the Dutroux Fact-Finding | Committee? | 2ND ITEM: Comparing the SP and the CVP, which party is the | greatest supporter of governmental regulation of the | economy? | 3RD ITEM: Which of the two political parties in the USA is | considered to be the most economically conservative? | COUNTRY NOTES - CANADA (1997): A2023-A2025 | | 1ST ITEM: Who is the premier of your province? | 2ND ITEM: Who was Canada's first female Prime Minister? | 3RD ITEM: Who is the Federal Minister of Finance? | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CZECH REPUBLIC (1996): A2023-A2025 | | Political Information Items: | | 1ST ITEM: Electoral threshold - "Can you tell me how many | percent of votes has to gain a political party in our | country in the elections in order to get into the | Parliament?" | 2ND ITEM: Name of minister of transport - "Who was the last | minister of transportation before the elections?" | 3RD ITEM: Number of seats in lower House - "How many members | has our Parliament?" | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GERMANY (1998): A2023-A2025 | | 1ST ITEM: "Easy": Foreign Minister | 2ND ITEM: "Moderate": Number of Laender | 3RD ITEM: "Difficult": Number of EU members | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GREAT BRITAIN (1997): A2023-A2025 | | 1ST ITEM: "MPs from different parties are on parliamentary | committees." (True) | 2ND ITEM: "The longest time allowed between general elections is | four years." (False) | 3RD ITEM: "Britain's electoral system is based on proportional | representation." (False) | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HONG KONG (1998): A2023-A2025 | | 1ST ITEM: Ms Anson Chan is the Chief Secretary of HKSAR | (Correct) | 2ND ITEM: There are five geographical constituencies in the 1998 | Legislative Council Election of HKSAR (Correct) | 3RD ITEM: Members of Executive Council of HKSAR are directly | elected by the public (Incorrect) | COUNTRY NOTES - HUNGARY (1998): A2023-A2025 | | The political information items used in this study are: | | 1ST ITEM: | Variable A2023: The following question asked the interviewers | to rate the respondents right after the post-election interview: | "Irrespective of how interested the respondent was in politics, | how well-informed, in your opinion, s/he is about political | matters: | 05. Substantially better informed than the average, | 04. Somewhat better informed than the average, | 03. About average, | 02. Somewhat less informed than the average, or | 01. Substantially less informed than the average." | | To create variable A2025, the original codes 1 and 2 (below | average) were recoded as "incorrect" and codes 3, 4 and 5 (at | least average political information level) as "correct" | responses. | | 2ND ITEM: | Variable A2024: "What percentage of the list votes does a | party have to get nationwide in order to see at least some of | its candidates surely elected to the new parliament?" (5%). | | 3RD ITEM: | Variable A2025: The respondents were asked to name the chairman | of the Constitutional Court. The correct response was Laszlo | Solyom. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ISRAEL (1996): A2023-A2025 | | Political information items used in this study are: | | 1ST ITEM: "To the best of your knowledge, according to the new | law, is there a limit on the number of terms the | Prime Minister can serve?" | 2ND ITEM: "To the best of your knowledge, who is the new | chairman of Knesset?" | 3RD ITEM: "To the best of your knowledge, what part of the | government budget does the defense budget take?" | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - JAPAN (1996): A2023-A2025 | | There are only 2 political information variables available in the | Japanese survey. the 1ST ITEM and 2ND ITEM are constructed from | Q17. Rs who could name Okinawa prefecture are given 1 (correct) | for the 2ND ITEM, and Rs who could name Niigata prefecture (or | Maki town) are given 1 (correct) for the 2ND ITEM. At the time | of the election, these were the only two referendums held in | Japan. The Okinawa referendum was known by more people than | the Niigata referendum. | | Question wordings are: | | 1ST ITEM: | Q17 By the way, do you know that a referendum was held in | Japan recently? | 01. I know (If 1, go to SQ) | 02. I do not know (If 2, go to Q18) | | 2ND ITEM: | SQ Do you know what local government it was? What about | others? (O.A.-M.A.) | Q17a Okinawa 1. mentioned 2. not mentioned | Q17b Niigata 1. mentioned 2. not mentioned | Q17c Makimachi 1. mentioned 2. not mentioned | Q17d Others 1. mentioned 2. not mentioned | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - MEXICO (1997): A2023-A2025 | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - MEXICO (2000): A2023-A2025 | | 1ST ITEM: Duration of the President's term | 2ND ITEM: Duration of the Deputies' terms | 3RD ITEM: Number of chambers in Congress | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NETHERLANDS (1998): A2023-A2025 | | The political information items are as follows: | 1ST ITEM: "Easy": "Is CDA a member of present coalition?" | [NO]. | 2ND ITEM: "Moderate": "Is Norway a member of the European | Union?" [NO] | 3RD ITEM: "Difficult": "What is the name of this Politician?" | [DE GRAAF] (Photo identification) | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NEW ZEALAND (1996): A2023-A2025 | | Political Information Items: | | 1ST ITEM: Cabinet Ministers must be MPs [true, false, don't | know] | 2ND ITEM: There are 99 members of Parliament [true, false, don't | know] | 3RD ITEM: The NZ Parliament has never had an Upper House [true, | false, don't know] | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NORWAY (1997): A2023-A2025 | | 1ST ITEM: (=Q15D) - "To which party do the President of the | Storting during the last four years belong?" (Correct | answer - Labour Party) | | 2ND ITEM: (=Q15E) - "How many representatives are selected at | the Storting?" (correct answer - 165) | | 3RD ITEM: (=Q15B) - "Do you remember who's been the Minister of | Local Government and Labour the year before the | election?" (correct answer - Kjell Opseth) | | 'Don't know' responses were reported as missing in all three | questions. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - POLAND (1997): A2023-A2025 | | 1ST ITEM: "Please name persons occupying the following | positions: Minister of foreign affairs" [Rosati] | | 2ND ITEM: "Please name political parties that formed the | governmental coalition in 1993-97 period" (PSL | mentioned) | | 3RD ITEM: "In July this year Poland was invited to join an | important international organization. What | organization was it?" [NATO] | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PORTUGAL (2002): A2023-A2025 | | 1ST ITEM: The name of the Portuguese Prime Minister before | António Guterres | 2ND ITEM: Number of EU member-states | 3RD ITEM: Recollection of any candidate in the last legislative | elections from the respondent's electoral district | (1). | | (1) This data was computed using question A3019. For the | answer to the 3RD ITEM to be considered correct, the respondent | needed to mention only one candidate correctly. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ROMANIA (1996): A2023-A2025 | | The political information items concern a treaty between Romania | and Hungary, and the positions different parties took. The | first question concerned whether or not the treaty was ratified | (exact wording is unavailable). The 1ST ITEM and 2ND ITEM were | constructed from the following items: | | 1ST ITEM: "Referring only to the political party that you | mentioned before that you prefer, do you remember | their position concerning the Romanian-Hungarian | treat? Please tell me their position on a scale of | 1 to 5, where 1 means that they were strongly in favor | of the treaty, and 5 means they were strongly | opposed." | [Note, for this item, there is a considerable amount | of missing data because of the limited distribution of | party identification]. | | 2ND ITEM: "Please tell me the name of a party, different from | the one above, which opposed the signing of such a | treaty." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SPAIN (1996): A2023-A2025 | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SPAIN (2000): A2023-A2025 | | 1ST ITEM: "How many countries does the European Union have?" | (Correct Answer: 15) | | 2ND ITEM: "How many regions does our country have?" | (Correct Answer: 17) | | 3RD ITEM: "Can you tell me who was the former President of | Government before Felipe González?" (Correct Answer: | Leopoldo Calvo Sotelo) | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWEDEN (1998): A2023-A2025 | | 1ST ITEM: On this card there are a number of statements. Could | you say whether each of them is true or false. If you | are uncertain of the answer, you can answer that you | do not know whether the statement is true or false. | 'The Swedish Riksdag has 349 members' (correct) | | 2ND ITEM: "Here is a list with names of different persons. Could | you say to which party each of them belongs? Lars | Tobisson? (Moderate Party) | | 3RD ITEM: [See above] Marianne Samuelsson? (Green Party) | | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWITZERLAND (1999): A2023-A2025 | | 1ST ITEM: "What is the name of the president of the | confederation?" | | 2ND ITEM: "How many parties are represented in the federal | government?" | | 3RD ITEM: "How many signatures are required for a federal | initiative?" | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - TAIWAN (1996): A2023-A2025 | | 1ST ITEM: "Who is the Premier?" | 2ND ITEM: "Who is the Chairman of the DPP?" | 3RD ITEM: "Who is the Speaker of the Legislative Yuan?" | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - UKRAINE (1998): A2023-A2025 | | 1ST ITEM: Date of Election to Verkhovna Rad of Ukraine? | [29 March 1998] | 2ND ITEM: Is Ukraine a NATO member? [No] | 3RD ITEM: Name of the Minister of Foreign Affairs? [Genady | Udovenko] | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - UNITED STATES (1996): A2023-A2025 | | In the U.S. study, respondents were asked to identify the office | held by persons whose names were read. These names were: | | 1ST ITEM: "Al Gore" (Vice President). | 2ND ITEM: "Newt Gingrich" (Speaker of the House of | Representatives). | 3RD ITEM: "William Rehnquist" (Chief Justice of the Supreme | Court) | | Incorrect or incomplete responses were considered 'incorrect'; | if R made no attempt to guess, 'Don't Know' was coded. These | items are not in order of "difficulty". --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A2026 >>> DAYS INTERVIEW CONDUCTED POST ELECTION --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Number of days after the election interview conducted. .................................................................. 001-900. NUMBER OF DAYS 999. MISSING | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - AUSTRALIA (1996): A2026,A1026 | | Variables A2026 and A1026 were derived from AES96 variable | Week of Return (RETWK) (AES96 User's Guide, p.105). AES96 | questionnaires were mailed to respondents on 2 March 1996 (the | date of the Federal election), and RETWK indicates the number of | weeks after that date that questionnaires were returned. For | ADMNMNTH, it is assumed that respondents who returned the | questionnaire during weeks 1- 4 after the election, completed it | in "March"; during weeks 5-8, in "April"; during weeks 9-13, in | "May"; and during week 14, in "June". | | A2026 converts the week of return in RETWK into the last day | of the indicated week, so that "days interview conducted post | election" is coded to intervals of 7, 14, 28, 35 ...98 days. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HUNGARY (1998): A2026 | | This was calculated as the difference between the date of | interview and the date of the first round of parliamentary | elections (May 10, 1998). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NETHERLANDS (1998): A2026 | | The is the amount of time between the election date and the date | of the Post-election interview. See the annotation for variable | A1022. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A2027 >>> PRIMARY ELECTORAL DISTRICT --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Primary electoral district of respondent. .................................................................. 00001-90000. [SEE APPENDIX II FOR CODE VALUE LABELS] 99999. MISSING 00000. NOT APPLICABLE | NOTES: A2027 | | Wherever possible, this variable uses official district | identification numbers. | | (1) In some cases, the respondents' electoral districts were | identified "indirectly," through postal codes, etc., by the | CSES staff (always with the help of the appropriate | collaborator). Where postal codes, etc. were ambiguous, cases | report missing data. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ISRAEL (1996): A2027 | | Israel is not subdivided into electoral districts. The whole | country is the only electoral district from which votes | translate into seats. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NETHERLANDS (1998): A2027 | | "The Netherlands is divided into electoral districts for purely | administrative reasons. These districts have no consequences | for the translation of votes into seats. Thus, for practical | purposes, the Netherlands counts as one nationwide electoral | district." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PERU (2000): A2027 | | Peru is not subdivided into electoral districts. The whole | country is the only electoral district from which votes | translate into seats. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A2028 >>> DID RESPONDENT CAST A BALLOT --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Whether or not respondent cast a ballot (regardless of whether the ballot was valid). .................................................................. 1. R CAST A BALLOT 5. R DID NOT CAST A BALLOT 6. INCONSISTENT RESPONSE: VOTED; NO VOTE CHOICE 7. INCONSISTENT RESPONSE: DID NOT VOTE; VOTE CHOICE INDICATED 8. DON'T KNOW 9. REFUSED TO SAY WHETHER VOTED 0. MISSING | NOTES: A2028 | | In formulating the question used to ascertain this information, | collaborators were requested to try to ask the question in a way | that minimizes over-reporting of voter turnout where this is | known to be a problem. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CANADA (1997): A2028 | | This item was used in an experiment: Half of the respondents | were asked: | | "Did YOU vote in the election?" | 01. Yes | 05. No | | While the other half were asked: | | "In a democracy, citizens have the right to vote. They | also have the right not to. And some people who intend to | vote end up not voting for one reason or another. What | about you, did you vote in the election or not?" | 01. Yes | 05. No | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CHILE (1999): A2028,A2029 | | There are several "unanticipated" response categories in variable | A2029 (3, 4). As a result, variable A2028 cannot be | constructed. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GREAT BRITAIN (1997): A2028 | | This variable reports responses to the following question: | "Talking to people about the general election, we have found | that a lot of people didn't manage to vote. How about you - did | you manage to vote in the general election?" | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ISRAEL (1996): A2028 | | [This note was provided with Israeli deposit.] | | Ballot casting: | The data was computed using two questions, dealing with voting | pattern: | 1 Which party voted for - Prime Minister | 2 Which party list voted for - Parliament | If respondent specify an answer on either one - he\she were | coded 01. "R cast a ballot." If, on the other hand, if R | refused to say whether or not they voted, their responses are | reported as 09."Refuse to answer". It is not clear if | respondent's reluctance to answer is due to non-participation or | due to unwillingness to expose his/her political tendencies." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SLOVENIA (1996): A2028,A2030 | | These variables were constructed from the following item: | | "It has passed one year after last elections. Did you vote? | (if yes) Still probably you do remember, which party or | candidate of which party did you vote for?" | | If the respondent indicated that they had voted, this was | reported in variable A2028, with R's vote choice reported in | variable A2030. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWITZERLAND (1999): A2028 | | This item was designed to avoid over-reporting: "On average, | about half of the electorate casts a ballot at federal | elections. How about you: did you cast a ballot at the federal | elections on October 24?" | | Nevertheless, 62% of the sample population indicated | participation in the elections, while the official turnout rate | is only 43%. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A2029 >>> PARTY VOTED FOR PRESIDENT --------------------------------------------------------------------------- If applicable and respondent cast a ballot: Party that respondent voted for: president or party affiliation of candidate voted for. .................................................................. 01-96. [SEE APPENDIX I FOR POLITICAL PARTIES AND PARTY BLOCKS VALUE LABELS] 98. RESPONDENT CAST INVALID BALLOT/ DID NOT VOTE 99. APPLICABLE BUT NOT ASCERTAINED- DON'T KNOW, REFUSED 00. NOT APPLICABLE TO THIS ELECTORAL SYSTEM | NOTES: A2029 | | See also notes for variable A2028. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BELARUS (2001): A2029 | | This variable reports first-round vote choice. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CHILE (1999): A2029 | | This variable reports first-round vote choice. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GREAT BRITAIN (1997): A2029,A2031 | | Although in the original deposit and early releases, vote-choice | data were reported in variable A2029 ("Party Voted For: | President"), it was decided that for consistency and reliable | cross-national comparisons, these data are more appropriately | reported in A2031 ("Party of Candidate Vote: District Level). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HUNGARY (1998): A2029 | | This variable reports first-round vote choice. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ISRAEL (1996): A2029 | | This variable also reports Israeli respondents' choice for Prime | Minister. | | (1) This was the first election in which Israelis elected | their Prime Minister directly. This vote choice is reported in | the variable otherwise reserved for votes cast for presidential | candidates. | | (2) In the last round of processing, it became apparent that the | labels applied to this variable did not accurately reflect the | respondent's vote intention: Simply, the response categories | corresponding to codes 1' and 2' were reversed. After | matching the respondent's vote choice to their leader | evaluations, party identification and vote for the concurrent | legislative election it was decided that the codes were probably | indeed reversed and the necessary adjustments made. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - LITHUANIA (1997): A2029 | | This variable reports first-round vote choice. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PERU (2001): A2029 | | Code 90 indicates 'Others.' | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PERU (2000): A2029 | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PERU (2001): A2029 | | This variable reports first-round vote choice. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SOUTH KOREA (2000): A2029-A2032 | | Vote choice data were not deposited. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - UNITED STATES (1996): A2029,A2031 | | The "missing" category includes those Rs who voted but did not | vote for anyone for this particular office (president, | congressman). --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A2030 >>> PARTY LIST VOTED FOR - DISTRICT --------------------------------------------------------------------------- If applicable and respondent case a ballot: In systems where respondent had option of voting directly for a party list in district-level elections, party list that respondent voted for. .................................................................. 01-96. [SEE APPENDIX I FOR CODE VALUE LABELS] 98. RESPONDENT CAST INVALID BALLOT/ DID NOT VOTE 99. APPLICABLE BUT NOT ASCERTAINED- DON'T KNOW, REFUSED 00. NOT APPLICABLE TO THIS ELECTORAL SYSTEM | NOTES: A2029 | | See also notes for variables A2028-A2029. | | See also Codebook Introduction. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HUNGARY (1998): A2030 | | This variable reports first-round vote choice. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PERU (2001): A2030 | | This variable reports first-round vote choice. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWITZERLAND (1999): A2030 | | There are several additional response categories for this item: | 41. Respondent voted for a regional list | 43. Respondent voted for several parties | 44. Respondent voted for persons | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - THAILAND (2001): A2030,A2031 | | These variables were included in earlier versions of this | data file. However, as they reported vote intention, rather | than ballots cast, it was decided that these data should not be | included in the study. As the collaborator has confirmed that | post-election vote recalls were not solicited from respondents | in this study, these variables report missing data. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A2031 >>> PARTY OF CANDIDATE VOTED FOR - DISTRICT --------------------------------------------------------------------------- If applicable and respondent cast a ballot: In systems where respondent had option of voting directly for a candidate or candidates in district-level election, party of candidate respondent votes for: .................................................................. 01-96. [SEE APPENDIX I FOR CODE VALUE LABELS] 98. RESPONDENT CAST INVALID BALLOT/ DID NOT VOTE 99. NOT APPLICABLE BUT NOT ASCERTAINED- DON'T KNOW, REFUSED 00. NOT APPLICABLE TO THIS ELECTORAL SYSTEM | NOTES: A2031 | | See also notes for variable A2030. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A2032 >>> DID R CAST CANDIDATE PREFERENCE VOTE --------------------------------------------------------------------------- If applicable and respondent cast a ballot: In systems where respondent's primary vote was for a party list, but respondent had option of voting for individual candidates on the chosen list, in district-level election. .................................................................. 1. R EXERCISED CANDIDATE PREFERENCE 2. R DID NOT EXERCISE CANDIDATE PREF 7. INVALID BALLOT 9. APPLICABLE BUT NOT ASCERTAINED 0. NOT APPLICABLE TO THIS ELECTORAL SYSTEM | NOTES: A2032 | | See also notes for variable A2030. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CZECH REPUBLIC (1996): A2032 | | Code 0 indicates that R did not vote. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NETHERLANDS (1998): A2032 | | "In the Netherlands, votes are cast for a party list, but in the | same act the voter also indicates a preference for one of the | party candidates. The number of party seats is determined on | the basis of the number of votes cast for the party list, but | the order of the candidates (and consequently who is and is not | elected into parliament) may be overturned when a sufficient | number of votes is cast as so-called preferential votes (i.e., | votes for candidates other than the first name on the list)." =========================================================================== ))) CSES MODULE 1 MICRO-LEVEL DATA: SURVEY VARIABLES =========================================================================== --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A3001 >>> SATISFACTION WITH DEMOCRATIC PROCESS --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Q1. On the whole, are you very satisfied, fairly satisfied, not very satisfied, or not at all satisfied with the way democracy works in [country]? .................................................................. 1. VERY SATISFIED 2. FAIRLY SATISFIED 3. [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 4. NOT VERY SATISFIED 5. NOT AT ALL SATISFIED 8. DON'T KNOW 9. MISSING | NOTES: A3001 | | This question was intended to be asked as a four-point scale | (very satisfied, fairly satisfied, not very satisfied, not at | all satisfied) but was asked in at least one country as a | five-point scale, thus the inclusion of code "3". | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HONG KONG (2000): A3001 | | There are several cases that report code 3 for this item. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NETHERLANDS (1998): A3001 | | The response categories for this item are (listed by | corresponding CSES code): | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 01. VERY SATISFIED | 02. SATISFIED | 04. NOT VERY SATISFIED | 05. NOT AT ALL SATISFIED --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A3002 >>> LAST ELECTION WAS CONDUCTED FAIRLY --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Q2. In some countries, people believe their elections are conducted fairly. In other countries, people believe that their elections are conducted unfairly. Thinking of the last election in [country], where would you place it on this scale of one to five where ONE means that the last election was conducted fairly and FIVE means that the last election was conducted unfairly? .................................................................. 1. LAST ELECTION WAS CONDUCTED FAIRLY 2. 3. 4. 5. LAST ELECTION WAS CONDUCTED UNFAIRLY 8. DON'T KNOW 9. MISSING | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CANADA (1997): A3002 | | This item was not included in the Canadian Election Study. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A3003 >>> QUESTIONNAIRE USED - LONG OR SHORT --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Identifies which version, long or short, of Question 3 (Q3) was administered. .................................................................. 1. ADMINISTERED LONG VERSION OF Q3 2. ADMINISTERED SHORT VERSION OF Q3 | NOTES: A3003 | | The LONG version of Q3 is appropriate for use in systems | where AT LEAST ONE party block (or electoral alliance) is | formed. This version of the party identification question | prompts respondents who identify with a party block, to specify | which affiliated party they identify with most. Questions that | comprise the LONG version of Q3 begin with "LQ". | | The SHORT version of Q3 was to be used in polities where NO | party blocks (or election alliances) formed. Questions that | comprise the short version of Q3 begin with "SQ". --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A3004 >>> ARE YOU CLOSE TO ANY POLITICAL PARTY --------------------------------------------------------------------------- LQ3/SQ3. Do you usually think of yourself as close to any particular political party? .................................................................. 1. YES 5. NO 6. INCONSISTENT RESPONSE: YES; NO PARTY IDENTIFIED 7. INCONSISTENT RESPONSE: NO; PARTY IDENTIFIED 8. DON'T KNOW 9. MISSING 0. NOT APPLICABLE | NOTES: A3004 | | See also notes for variables A3005_1-A3006 and A3010. | | This question was administered in both the LONG and SHORT | versions of Question 3 (Q3). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - AUSTRALIA (1996): A3004-A3005_3,A3012 | | Respondents were asked (AES96 Questionnaire, p.4): "Generally | speaking, do you usually think of yourself as Liberal, Labor, | National or what?" (B.1), and, next: "Would you call yourself a | very strong, fairly strong, or not very strong supporter of that | party?" (B.2). | | Respondents indicating (on B1) that they "identified" with (any | one of) "Liberal", "Labor", "National (Country) Party", | "Australian Democrats", "Greens" or "Other Party" (e.g. any one | of 24 minor parties that the respondent specified) were coded as | "yes" to variable A3004; those indicating "No party" were coded | as "no" on variable A3004. Note that the response category | "Greens" refers to the "Australian Greens", a "confederation | between autonomous Green Parties" in all states and territories, | save that of Western Australia (which has a non-affiliated, but | allied, "Greens-Western Australia" party). The various "Greens" | fielded candidates in most electorates for the 1996 House of | Representatives election, but had none elected (and received | 2.89% of the nationwide first preference vote). | | Variable A3005_1 indicates the (one) party "mentioned" on B1 for | those with "yes" codes on variable A3004; those with "no" codes | on variable A3004 have been coded as "not applicable" on | variable A3005_1. | | Respondents indicating they were "very strong supporters" of the | party "mentioned" on variable A3005_1 were coded as "very close" | in variable A3012; those indicating they were "fairly strong | supporters" were coded as "somewhat close"; and those "not very | strong supporters" as "not very close". | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BELGIUM-FLANDERS (1999): A3004-A3006 and | A3009 | | CSES variables A3004-A3006 and A3009 were constructed from these | questions in the Belgium-Flanders (1999) study: | | R55_1 | q55.1 | Which political party do you prefer most? | | R55_2 | q55.2 | Which political party do you prefer the second most? | | Analysts should consider in their analyses that this question | wording is different from that in the CSES Module 1 | questionnaire. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BELGIUM-WALLOON (1999): A3004-A3006 | | A3004-A3006 are not currently included in the CSES data file, | although comparable items were included in the Flemish study. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CANADA (1997): A3004-A3012 | | In preparation for the July 26, 2002 release, items from the | mail-back wave of the study replace those included in earlier | versions of the CSES data files, which were taken from the | post-election (telephone) wave of the study. Analysts should | note that there are significant differences in the distributions | of these items. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NETHERLANDS (1998): A3004-A3006 | | The 1998 Dutch Election Study used the traditional Party ID | question format for variable A3004, rather than the wording | from the CSES Module 1 questionnaire. Analysts should be aware of | the possibility that variables A3004-A3006 and A3009-A3012 in the | Netherlands (1998) data may not be comparable as a result. | The question wording from the 1998 Dutch Election Study: | | "Many people think of themselves as adherents to a particular | political party, but there are also people who do not think of | themselves as an adherent to a political party. Do you think | of yourself as an adherent or not as an adherent to a political | party? | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NEW ZEALAND (1996): A3004-A3012 | | In preparation for the July 26, 2002 release, this series of | items was reconstructed from the original data, and as a result | differs considerably from those data included in earlier | releases. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - UNITED STATES (1996): A3004-A3006 | | In the U.S. study, no respondent mentioned being close to more | than 1 party. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A3005_1 >>> PARTY CLOSEST TO - 1ST MENTION A3005_2 >>> PARTY CLOSEST TO - 2ND MENTION A3005_3 >>> PARTY CLOSEST TO - 3RD MENTION --------------------------------------------------------------------------- LQ3a/SQ3a. What party is that? .................................................................. 01-96. PARTY [SEE APPENDIX I FOR CODE LABELS] 98. DON'T KNOW; NO PARTY MENTIONED 99. NOT AVAILABLE 00. NOT APPLICABLE | NOTES: A3005_1-A3005_3 | | See also notes for variables A3004 and A3006. | | Up to three mentioned were allowed. | | This question was administered in both the LONG and SHORT | versions of Question 3 (Q3). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CANADA (1997): A3005_2-A3006 | | Only one party was recorded for A3005_1, and as a result, these | do not apply. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - DENMARK (1998): A3005_2-A3006 | | Only 1 party could be reported in this study. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GREAT BRITAIN (1997): A3005_2-A3006 | | The implementation of this question in Britain only allowed for | one party to be mentioned. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - JAPAN (1996) A3004-A3006, A3010-A3011 | | A3005_1, A3005_2, and A3005_3 were asked and later coded as | one question, rather than as 3 separate questions. Respondents | were given a list of parties and asked to check off those that | they felt close to. Responses were then coded using indicator | variables distinguishing between those parties that were | mentioned and those not mentioned. Consequently, it is | impossible to distinguish between the first, second, and third | mentioned parties were there are multiple mentions. These | variables have since been recoded in an effort to promote | consistency across studies for analytical purposes. | | If the respondent mentioned only one party, that party was coded | as the first mention. If the respondent mentioned two or more | parties, then A3010 and A3011 were employed in an effort to | uncover which party R was closest to, and that party was coded | as the first mention. Where there were three mentions, the | second and third mentions were assigned on the basis of order in | which they appeared on the list. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NEW ZEALAND (1996): A3004-A3006, | A3010-A3011 | | A3005_1, A3005_2, and A3005_3 were asked and later coded as | one question, rather than as 3 separate questions. Respondents | were given a list of parties and asked to check off those that | they felt close to. Responses were then coded using indicator | variables distinguishing between those parties that were | mentioned and those not mentioned. Consequently, it is | impossible to distinguish between the first, second, and third | mentioned parties were there are multiple mentions. These | variables have since been recoded in an effort to promote | consistency across studies for analytical purposes. | | If R mentioned only one party, that party was coded as the first | mention. If R mentioned two or more parties, then A3010 and | A3011 were employed in an effort to uncover which party R was | closest to, and that party was coded as the first mention. | Where there were three mentions, the second and third mentions | were assigned on the basis of order in which they appeared on | the list. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A3006 >>> NUMBER OF PARTIES MENTIONED IN A3005 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Q3XPT Check Point: Number of parties (or blocks) mentioned in Q3a(1) to Q3a(3) .................................................................. 0. NO PARTIES MENTIONED 1. ONLY ONE BLOCK MENTIONED 3. ONLY ONE PARTY MENTIONED 5. MORE THAN ONE PARTY MENTIONED 9. MISSING | NOTES: A3006 | | See also notes for variables A3004-A3005_3 and A3012. | | Codes 1, 3 and 5 are for users of the LONG version of | Question 3 (Q3). | | Codes 3 and 5 are for users of the SHORT version of | Question 3 (Q3). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ICELAND (1999): A3005_2,A3006-A3007_1, | A3009 | | There are two cases in which the respondent identified with an | electoral block, and then identified a party within the block | as the second mention. These responses are reported in variable | A3007_1, and not in variable A3005_2, as they are in the | original deposit. Note, however, that as a result, their | responses to A3009 are inconsistent. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ISRAEL (1996): A3006 | | 8 cases in the deposited were coded unidentified value '2' and | retain this code in this CSES release. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A3007_1 >>> BLOCK PARTY CLOSEST TO - 1ST MENTION A3007_2 >>> BLOCK PARTY CLOSEST TO - 2ND MENTION A3007_3 >>> BLOCK PARTY CLOSEST TO - 3RD MENTION --------------------------------------------------------------------------- LQ3a(1). Which party in [NAME OF BLOCK] do you feel closest to? .................................................................. 01-96. [SEE APPENDIX I FOR CODE VALUE LABELS] 98. NO PARTY MENTIONED; DON'T KNOW. 99. MISSING 00. NOT APPLICABLE | NOTES: A3007_1-A3007_3 | | See also notes for variables A3004 and A3006. | | This question was administered only in the LONG version of | Question 3 (Q3). | | Response categories range from 01 to 96. Refer to Appendix I | Political Parties and Party Blocks for party block code value | labels. If no SECOND PARTY BLOCK IS VOLUNTEERED enter 97. | Users of the SHORT VERSION OF Q3 enter 00. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PERU (2001): A3007_1-A3007_3,A3010-A3011 | | The questions corresponding to variables A3010 and A3011 | do not follow the usual skip pattern. That is, if the | respondent identified electoral block 3 in this item, they were | asked the follow-up (corresponding to A3007_1-A3007_3) about | which party in the block in the block they identified with. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A3008 >>> NUMBER OF PARTIES MENTIONED IN A3007 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Q3XPT. Check Point: Number of parties mentioned in Q3a .................................................................. 1. NO PARTY MENTIONED OR ONLY PARTY BLOCK MENTIONED 3. ONLY ONE PARTY MENTIONED 5. MORE THAN ONE PARTY MENTIONED 9. MISSING 0. NOT APPLICABLE | NOTES: A3008 | | See also notes for variable A3004. | | This question is only for use with the LONG version of | Question 3 (Q3). Users of the SHORT version should be coded 0. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ISRAEL (1996): A3008 | | All cases in the deposited data were coded with the unidentified | value '2'. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A3009 >>> WHICH PARTY DO YOU FEEL CLOSEST TO --------------------------------------------------------------------------- LQ3b/SQ3b. Which party do you feel closest to? .................................................................. 01-96. PARTY [SEE APPENDIX I FOR CODE LABELS] 98. NO PARTY MENTIONED; DON'T KNOW 99. MISSING 00. NOT APPLICABLE | NOTES: A3009 | | See also notes for variables A3004 and A3006. | | This question was administered in both the LONG and SHORT | versions of Question 3 (Q3). | | This question usually was only asked of those respondents who | mentioned more than one party. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NETHERLANDS (1998): A3009-A3012 | | Analysts should be aware of the possibility that variables | A3009-A3012 in the Netherlands (1998) data may not be comparable | because the collaborators used a different wording in their | questionnaire compared to the one provided by CSES. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A3010 >>> DO YOU FEEL CLOSER TO ONE PARTY --------------------------------------------------------------------------- LQ3c/SQ3c. Do you feel yourself a little closer to one of the political parties than the others? .................................................................. 1. YES 5. NO 6. INCONSISTENT RESPONSE: YES; NO PARTY IDENTIFIED 7. INCONSISTENT RESPONSE: NO; PARTY IDENTIFIED 8. DON'T KNOW 9. MISSING 0. NOT APPLICABLE | NOTES: A3010 | | See also notes for variables A3004-A3005_3 and | A3007_1-A3007_3. | | This question was administered in both the LONG and SHORT | versions of Question 3 (Q3). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - DENMARK (1998): A3010 | | A3010 and A3011 were combined into a single question containing | different parties and a 'no' category as answer options. | Respondents who chose any of the parties were coded '1. YES' in | A3010. Respondents coded 1 in Q3 (A3004) were coded 0 in A3010 | due to skip pattern. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ISRAEL (1996): A3010 | | This question seems to have been applied only to cases where | more than 1 party was mentioned; the exact skip pattern is | unclear: | | "(If more than one party mentioned) Nevertheless, do you feel | yourself a little closer to one of the political parties than | the others?" | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PORTUGAL (2002): A3004,A3010-A3011 | | There are some cases in which, after answering 'Yes' to the | filter question corresponding to variable A3004, the | respondent did not provide an answer. Where this is the case, | the follow-up question corresponding to variable A3010 was | asked of the respondent. Further, if the respondent identified | an electoral block in the question corresponding to A3005_1, | and did not identify a component party, A3010 was asked. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - THAILAND (2001): | | There is no apparent pattern in the responses to these items. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A3011 >>> WHICH PARTY DO YOU FEEL CLOSER TO --------------------------------------------------------------------------- LQ3d/SQ3d. Which party is that? .................................................................. 01-96. [CODE VALUE LABELS ARE FOUND IN APPENDIX I] 98. NO PARTY MENTIONED; DON'T KNOW 99. MISSING 00. NOT APPLICABLE | NOTES: A3011 | | See also notes for variables A3004-A3005_3, | A3007_1-A3007_3, and A3010. | | This question was administered in both the LONG and SHORT | versions of Question 3 (Q3). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - JAPAN (1996): A3011 | | This sub-question was coded in the field as a multiple answer | question. The order of mentions cannot be ascertained. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A3012 >>> DEGREE OF CLOSENESS TO THIS PARTY --------------------------------------------------------------------------- LQ3e/SQ3e. Do you feel very close to this [party/party block], somewhat close, or not very close? .................................................................. 1. VERY CLOSE 2. SOMEWHAT CLOSE 3. NOT VERY CLOSE 8. DON'T KNOW 9. MISSING 0. NOT APPLICABLE | NOTES: | | See also notes for variable A3004. | | This question was administered in both the LONG and SHORT | versions of Question 3 (Q3). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - DENMARK (1998): A3012 | | This question was only asked of respondents who identified a | party in Q3a (A3005_1), and was not asked of respondents | identifying a 'closer' party in Q3c (A3011). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ISRAEL (1996): A3006,A3012 | | Responses to this question seem to be represented for all | respondents who are not coded 0 in A3006. Skip patterns are | unclear: | | "How close do you feel to this party (or block) that you | mentioned?" | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NETHERLANDS (1998): A3012 | | This question should have been asked of respondents who | indicated that they felt close to a particular party in A3004, | as well as of those respondents who initially indicated that | they did not feel close to a party in A3004, but who later | identified a party that they felt closer to in A3011. However, | this last group of respondents was not asked to respond to | A3012. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A3013 >>> POLITICAL PARTIES CARE WHAT PEOPLE THINK --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Q4. Some people say that political parties in [country] care what ordinary people think. Others say that political parties in [country] don't care what ordinary people think. Using the scale on this card, (where ONE means that political parties care about what ordinary people think, and FIVE means that they don't care what ordinary people think), where would you place yourself? .................................................................. 1. POLITICAL PARTIES IN [COUNTRY] CARE WHAT ORDINARY PEOPLE THINK 2. 3. 4. 5. POLITICAL PARTIES IN [COUNTRY] DON'T CARE WHAT ORDINARY PEOPLE THINK 8. DON'T KNOW 9. MISSING | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PORTUGAL (2002): A3013 | | In order to make it easier for respondents to answer these | questions, when translating from English to Portuguese, the | original form of the questions was slightly altered. The | objective was to make the options clearer for the respondents. | Translating from Portuguese to English, here are the questions | as administered in Portugal (the added words are noted with | '*'): | | 1. Political parties in Portugal care *a lot* what ordinary | people think. | 5. Political parties in Portugal don't care *at all* what | ordinary people think --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A3014 >>> POLITICAL PARTIES ARE NECESSARY --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Q5. Some people say that political parties are necessary to make our political system work in [country]. Others think that political parties are not needed in [country]. Using the scale on this card, (where ONE means that political parties are necessary to make our political system work, and FIVE means that political parties are not needed in [country]), where would you place yourself? .................................................................. 1. POLITICAL PARTIES ARE NECESSARY TO MAKE OUR POLITICAL SYSTEM WORK 2. 3. 4. 5. POLITICAL PARTIES ARE NOT NEEDED IN [COUNTRY] 8. DON'T KNOW 9. MISSING | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ISRAEL (1996): A3014 | | As a result of inconsistencies in the translation of response | categories for this variable, and as the distribution is the | reverse of that in the original deposit, it seems that the | responses to this item should be coded in the reverse order of | how they appear in earlier versions of this data file. This has | been corrected in this release. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PORTUGAL (2002): A3014 | | In order to make it easier for respondents to answer these | questions, when translating from English to Portuguese, the | original form of the questions was slightly altered. The | objective was to make the options clearer for the respondents. | Translating from Portuguese to English, here are the questions | as administered in Portugal: | | 1. Political parties are very necessary to make our political | system work. | 5. Political parties are not at all needed to make our political | system work. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A3015 >>> RECALL CANDIDATES FROM LAST ELECTION --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Q6. Do you happen to remember the name of any candidates who [ran/ stood] in your [lower house primary electoral district, e.g., constituency, district, riding] in the last [parliamentary/ congressional] election? .................................................................. 1. YES 5. NO 6. INCONSISTENT RESPONSE: YES; NO CANDIDATE IDENTIFIED 7. INCONSISTENT RESPONSE: NO; CANDIDATE IDENTIFIED 8. DON'T KNOW 9. MISSING 0. NOT APPLICABLE | NOTES: A3015 | | Respondents who only identified party of candidate (without | name) have not been coded for recall in either the candidate or | party variables in the CSES data. | | Explanatory analyses of recalled candidates by party and gender | for each country revealed several inconsistencies that | researchers should keep in mind when using these variables. | | Some nations in the sample did not provide specific codes for | "incorrect" responses. Two considerations arise as a | consequence of this. First, in those countries that only | identified the correct responses in the tally (variable A3019), | it is difficult for users to uncover whether this occurred in | the first, second, third, or some combination of three recall | items for individual respondents. Second, it is unclear in which | cases respondents who gave incorrect responses were coded "don't | know" or "missing." | | In some countries, there occurred a relatively small amount of | cases in which candidates' party and gender were coded | inconsistently, and may be due to data entry errors and/or | disagreement over which party a candidate is affiliated with if | s/he were endorsed by multiple parties or is a member of a | party that is a member of a larger bloc. This is evident in | Hungary, Spain, Sweden, and Taiwan. | | The general procedure for asking this question was that | respondents were initially asked if they remembered any | candidates (variable A3015). If they replied "yes," | respondents were asked to name up to three candidates that they | remembered. The party and gender of the candidate were assigned | later by the interviewer or during the data entry process. In | some countries, however, respondents were asked to identify the | candidates by party and gender. In this case, if a candidate's | name was recalled correctly, but corresponding party and/or | gender were incorrectly recalled, then variables A3017_1, | A3017_2, and A3017_3 were coded "0" and variables A3018_1, | A3018_2, and A3018_3 were coded "99" OR the incorrect gender | and/or party were coded although correct information is | technically accessible to the researcher. These variables have | been left as they are since they are possibly valuable as a | source of information about candidate recognizability and degree | of political information held by respondents. Countries | involved are Belarus, Czech Republic, Norway, Peru, Poland, | Romania, and Ukraine. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - AUSTRALIA (1996): A3015-A3016_3 | | Respondents were asked (Questionnaire, p.9): "Before the | election, did you know the name of your local Federal MP in the | House of Representatives, and his or her political party? (Write | in name and party if you recall them, otherwise circle 9)" | (C.4). | | Respondents who wrote in the name of the Federal MP, and were | coded as "name given" on C4NAME, were coded as "yes" on A3015; | those who "Didn't know name" of their MP were coded as "no". | | Codes 001 to 146 on A3016_1-A3016_3 refer | to the names of the Federal MP for each of the 146 electoral | divisions that remained intact after the 1996 election (the two | new electoral divisions, of Namadgi and Longman, did not, of | course, have a MP before the election). Respondents coded as | "yes" on A3015 were assigned the code of the MP from the | respondent's electoral division, because the names that they had | written were not recorded. Respondents residing in Namadgi and | Longman were declared "missing" on A3016_1, A3017_1, and A3018_1 | and coded as "0" on A3019. Respondents who were coded as "no" | on A3015 and those who were "missing" on C4NAME were coded as | "not applicable" on A3016_1. | | Federal MPs Phil Cleary and Edward Mack represented their | electorates of North Sydney (Div. Number 134) and Wills (Div. | Number 237), respectively, as "Independent" of any party. | Accordingly, respondents from these divisions (coded "yes" on | A3015) were coded as "Other" on A3018_1. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CANADA (1997): A3015-A3018 | | Only a tally, and the names or parties of the candidates listed | were not recorded. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - DENMARK (1998): A3015-A3019 | | This item is constructed. | | Data about candidate recall is only available in summary format | (A3019). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GREAT BRITAIN (1997): A3015-A3019 | | The British study did not screen respondents for the candidate | recall items. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - JAPAN (1996): A3015-A3018 | | Variables 18 through 27 are constructed from the following | question. "If you remember the names of the candidates who run | in your single-member district in this Lower House Election, | please specify their names. Are there any others? (O.A.-M.A.)" | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - LITHUANIA (1997): A3015-A3019 | | Lithuanian recall variables were deposited at the Presidential | rather than the district level and have not been archived. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NEW ZEALAND (1996): A3015-A3019 | | The question of whether R recalled any candidates in their lower | house electoral district was never answered by respondents as | no. Respondents either indicated yes or did not answer. There | were 710 cases of missing data which were recoded as "no" which | may blur the line between no recall and missing data. Yet it | appears, the self-administered mode of the questionnaire and the | question content lend itself to non-response in cases where | respondents do not recall candidates, hence the recode. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - RUSSIA (1999): A3015-A3019 | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - RUSSIA (2000): A3015-A3019 | | The candidates' names are recorded. Shortly, the CSES staff | hope to make available the | corresponding gender and party affiliations of these candidates. | In the meantime, for A3016, response category 1' | indicates that the respondent identified a candidate; response | category 0' indicates that while the respondent indicated that | they were able to recall candidates, they did not. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - UNITED STATES (1996): A3015-A3018 | | Note that the "candidate-recall" question wording differs | slightly: "Do you happen to remember the names of the candidates | for Congress - that is, for the House of Representatives in | Washington - who are running in the November election from this | district?" "Who were they?" "What is [NAME'S] party?" | | Note also that this question was administered in the pre- | election study. | | In many instances, respondents who answered "Yes" were then | unable to provide any name (Don't Know) or only provided names | which were not recognized names of candidates from their | district. In the latter cases, such names were usually | recollected names for candidates/officeholders from other | offices (not the House of Representatives) or other erroneous | recall. In a few instances, an unknown name may actually have | been that of an unknown write-in or other type of minor party/ | independent candidate, however, unless a minor party/independent | candidate had his or her name on the Candidate List for the | respondent's Congressional district, the name was unknown and | coded "97 Name not on Candidate List for this office". (In the | summary variable A3019, cases coded 97 are not counted as | 'correct'). | | Further, usually, the Candidate List (list of candidates at the | House, Senate and Governor level who ran in the respondent's | district, see Appendix III for the list of House candidates from | the Candidate List) includes few minor party/independent | candidates because minor party candidates typically have few | supporters and a very low level of recognizability. In 1996, | no minor party/independent candidate appeared on a Candidate | List for any U.S. Congressional district represented in the | study. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A3016_1 >>> CANDIDATE MENTIONED 1ST - NAME A3016_2 >>> CANDIDATE MENTIONED 2ND - NAME A3016_3 >>> CANDIDATE MENTIONED 3RD - NAME --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Q6a. (If name not volunteered) What were their names? .................................................................. 000001-999996. [CODE VALUE LABELS ARE FOUND IN APPENDIX III] 999998. INCORRECT RESPONSE 999999. MISSING 000000. NOT APPLICABLE | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - AUSTRALIA (1996): A3016 | | The item included in the Australian study and in previous | versions of the CSES data files reported whether or not the | respondent could identify the MP from the previous term in | office. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CANADA (1997): A3016 | | These data are not available. However, variable A3019 reports | a tally of the number of candidates the respondents recalled. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CZECH REPUBLIC (1996): A3016 | | No "incorrect" response category was used. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - DENMARK (1998): A3016 | | These data are not available. However, variable A3019 reports | a tally of the number of candidates the respondents recalled. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GERMANY (1998): A3016 | | These data are not available. However, variable A3019 reports | a tally of the number of candidates the respondents recalled. | | Names and parties of recall were not coded in deposited data. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GREAT BRITAIN (1997): A3016-A3019 | | Although parties and candidate genders are reported, the | candidates mentioned by the respondents are not identified in | these variables. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HONG KONG (1998): A3016 | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HONG KONG (2000): A3016 | | No "incorrect" response category was used. | | Response category '991' indicates "Candidate's Party Name Only" | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HUNGARY (1998): A3016 | | No "incorrect" response category was used. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - JAPAN (1996): A3016 | | No "incorrect" response category was used. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - MEXICO (1997): A3016 | | Codes in the deposited data 998 "Candidate from another | district" and code 999 "Not a candidate" remain in the CSES | data. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NEW ZEALAND (1996): A3016 | | These data are not available. However, variable A3019 | reports a tally of the number of candidates the respondents | recalled. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NORWAY (1997): A3016 | | Code 996 refers to "Other" candidates who are not identifiable, | but are correct. | | (This note was provided with the deposit:) The list contains the | names of the first five candidates from the lists of the seven | biggest parties in Norway. For the smaller parties - only the | first candidate on the list is given a code. | | If the respondent has recalled correct surname for a candidate | on one of the lists, this is coded as correct answer in A3016 | even though the first name may be incorrect. | | If a respondent has recalled only a surname and the name is on | more than one list in the electoral district, the answer is | correct but party and gender is left open. | | Variable A3016 reports response category 996, if the respondent | identified only the surname of a candidate from the list | compiled, as described above, and there was more than one | candidate with this surname (preventing the collaborator from | further identifying the candidate mentioned). Nevertheless, | these responses are counted as "correct" mentions, and tabulated | in A3019. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PERU (2000): A3016 | | Code 990 indicates 'Others'. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - POLAND (1997): A3016-A3018 | | There is an additional response category: 996. "Incorrect | recall". | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PORTUGAL (2002): A3016 | | No "incorrect" response category was used. | | These variables report any candidate recalled by the respondent. | Whether or not these responses are correct is reflected in the | tally, A3019. | | Actual responses are reported, regardless of whether or not | they are correct. However, the tally takes into account only | those responses which are correct. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ROMANIA (1996): A3016 | | No "incorrect" response category was used. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SOUTH KOREA (2000): A3016 | | No "incorrect" response category was used. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SPAIN (1996): A3016 | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SPAIN (2000): A3016 | | No "incorrect" response category was used. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SPAIN (2000): A3016 | | The data report whether or not the respondent correctly | identified a candidate (response code 1). As a result, the | gender and party affiliations of these candidates are not | reported. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWEDEN (1998): A3016-A3018 | | Names mentioned in the recall section were coded even if the | names were incorrect for the respondent's district (i.e., if the | respondent correctly remembered a name but not for his/her | district). Thus the count of 'correct' responses in A3019 may | not, in some case, match the number of recalls coded in the | recall mentions variables (A3016). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - THAILAND (2001): A3016-A3018 | | The names of candidates recalled were not recorded, but were | assessed by interviewers as being either correct or incorrect. | As a result, these data do not report the names, gender, or | party affiliations of candidates recalled. A3019 reports a tally | of the number of correct candidates recalled. Also, note that | this item was included in the pre-election wave of the study. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A3017_1 >>> CANDIDATE MENTIONED 1ST - GENDER A3017_2 >>> CANDIDATE MENTIONED 2ND - GENDER A3017_3 >>> CANDIDATE MENTIONED 3RD - GENDER --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Gender of [first/second/third] candidate mentioned. .................................................................. 1. MALE 2. FEMALE 9. MISSING | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HONG KONG (1998): A3017 | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HONG KONG (2000): A3017 | | If the respondent recalled only the party of a candidate who | contested the election in their district, response code 6 is | reported. Alternatively, if the respondent did not correctly | identify a candidate from their district, the response code 7 | is reported. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - JAPAN (1996): A3017 | | For current release of the Japanese data, gender of the | candidate is not recoded. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A3018_1 >>> CANDIDATE MENTIONED 1ST - PARTY A3018_2 >>> CANDIDATE MENTIONED 2ND - PARTY A3018_3 >>> CANDIDATE MENTIONED 3RD - PARTY --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Political party of [first/second/third] candidate mentioned. .................................................................. 01-96. [CODE VALUE LABELS ARE FOUND IN APPENDIX I] 97. [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 99. MISSING 00. NOT APPLICABLE | NOTES: A3018 | | Party code range from 01 to 96. See Appendix I for party | labels. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A3019 >>> NUMBER OF CANDIDATES CORRECTLY NAMED --------------------------------------------------------------------------- This variable tallies the number of district level candidates the respondents correctly identified in A3016-A3018. .................................................................. 0. NO CANDIDATES CORRECTLY IDENTIFIED 1. R CORRECTLY IDENTIFIES ONE CANDIDATE 2. R CORRECTLY IDENTIFIES MORE THAN ONE CANDIDATE 9. DISTRICT-LEVEL CANDIDATE RECALL NOT ASKED | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CZECH REPUBLIC (1996): A3019 | | There are some inconsistencies in the number of candidates | mentioned by respondents and the number reported correct in | this variable. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HONG KONG (1998): A3019 | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HONG KONG (2000): A3019 | | There are some inconsistencies in the number of candidates | mentioned by respondents and the number reported correct in | this variable. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HUNGARY (1998): A3019 | | There are some inconsistencies in the number of candidates | mentioned by respondents and the number reported correct in | this variable. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - JAPAN (1996): A3019 | | There are some inconsistencies in the number of candidates | mentioned by respondents and the number reported correct in | this variable. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NEW ZEALAND (1996): A3019 | | The data on the total number of correct recalls was constructed | from the number of candidate mentions, regardless of whether | they were correct or incorrect. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PORTUGAL (2002): A3019 | | There are some inconsistencies in the number of candidates | mentioned by respondents and the number reported correct in | this variable. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ROMANIA (1996): A3019 | | There are some inconsistencies in the number of candidates | mentioned by respondents and the number reported correct in | this variable. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SOUTH KOREA (2000): A3019 | | There are some inconsistencies in the number of candidates | mentioned by respondents and the number reported correct in | this variable. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SPAIN (1996): A3019 | | There are some inconsistencies in the number of candidates | mentioned by respondents and the number reported correct in | this variable. | | There are five cases in which the respondent answered the filter | question 'Yes', no candidates are identified in variables | A3016_1-A3016_3 and the tally variable A3019, indicates | that one candidate was correctly recalled. Similarly, there are | five cases in which the respondent answered the filter question | 'Yes,' no candidates were identified, and the tally variable, | A3019, indicates that more than one candidate was identified. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWITZERLAND (1999): A3019 | | Both candidates for the first and the second chamber of | parliament are in the same list. According to the collaborator, | therefore, it is not possible to reliably decide how many | candidates a respondent correctly named. | | There is one case in which the respondent identifies a | candidate and this variable reports that no candidates were | correctly recalled by the respondent. "Incorrect" response | codes were used in variables A3016_1-A3016_3. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - TAIWAN (1996): A3019 | | There is one case in which the respondent identifies a candidate | and this variable reports that no candidates were correctly | recalled by the respondent. No "incorrect" response codes were | used in variables A3016_1-A3016_3. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - UKRAINE (1998): A3019 | | There are two cases in which a candidate is identified in the | first variable of this set, no candidate is identified in the | second mention, but their gender is reported. The tally for | these respondents reports that "More than one candidate was | correctly identified." Also, there are some inconsistencies in | the number of candidates mentioned by the respondent, and the | number reported correct in this variable. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A3020_A >>> LIKE-DISLIKE - PARTY A A3020_B >>> LIKE-DISLIKE - PARTY B A3020_C >>> LIKE-DISLIKE - PARTY C A3020_D >>> LIKE-DISLIKE - PARTY D A3020_E >>> LIKE-DISLIKE - PARTY E A3020_F >>> LIKE-DISLIKE - PARTY F A3020_G >>> LIKE-DISLIKE - ADDITIONAL - PARTY G A3020_H >>> LIKE-DISLIKE - ADDITIONAL - PARTY H A3020_I >>> LIKE-DISLIKE - ADDITIONAL - PARTY I --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Q7a-f. I'd like to know what you think about each of our political parties. After I read the name of a political party, please rate it on a scale from 0 to 10, where 0 means you strongly dislike that party and 10 means that you strongly like that party. If I come to a party you haven't heard of or you feel you do not know enough about, just say so. The first party is PARTY A. .................................................................. 00. STRONGLY DISLIKE 01. 02. 03. 04. 05. 06. 07. 08. 09. 10. STRONGLY LIKES 96. HAVEN'T HEARD OF 98. DON'T KNOW 99. MISSING | NOTES: A3020 | | NOT ALL QUESTIONNAIRES INCLUDE RESPONSE CATEGORY CODE 96. | | Refer to Appendix I for the names of political parties A | through I. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CHILE (1999): A3020 | | Presidential candidate, Ricardo Lagos, ran with the support of | the Party for Democracy and the Socialist Party. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GERMANY (1998): A3020 | | The German scale was 1-11 and has been converted to 0-10 | in this variable for the sake of comparison with other | election studies (both scales contain eleven points). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GREAT BRITAIN (1997): A3020-A3021, | A3032-A3033 | | Respondents outside of a region where a party contested the | election were not asked to evaluate it. These respondents are | coded 97. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NETHERLANDS (1998): A3020-A3032 | | The 0-100 scale used in the Netherlands survey was collapsed for | CSES in the following manner: | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 00. 0-5 | 01. 6-15 | 02. 16-25 | 03. 26-35 | 04. 36-45 | 05. 46-55 | 06. 56-65 | 07. 66-75 | 08. 76-85 | 09. 86-95 | 10. 96-100. | | The portion of the Netherlands questionnaire which asked | respondents to rate their liking for various parties randomized | the order in which the names of the parties were read. In | addition, the portion of the questionnaire which asked | respondents to rate their liking for individual political | figures randomized the order in which the names of those | political figures were read. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ROMANIA (1996): A3020-A3021,A3032 | | The items included in the Romanian study do not correspond very | well to the most popular parties, at least partly due to the | complex system of electoral alliances that formed during this | election (the items included correspond to parties, and not the | electoral blocks). As a result, there is a considerable amount | of missing data reported in these variables. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - THAILAND (2001): A3020-A3021 | | Note that candidate and leader evaluations used a 1 to 10 point | scale (instead of a 0 to 10 point scale). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - UKRAINE (1998): A3020-A3032 | | There are some inconsistencies in the coding of these items | across the various versions of these data provided by the | collaborator, especially with regard to the handling of | respondents in category 0. In some versions of the data, these | responses are reported in as missing and are assigned code '99'. | Because the questionnaire reports that a code 0 was included as | a non-missing response category, and because the original | frequencies deposited by the collaborator report these | respondents in category '0,' they are included in this category | in the CSES data files. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - UNITED STATES (1996): A3020 | | The CSES response category "Haven't heard of" was not available | to American respondents. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A3021_A >>> LIKE-DISLIKE - LEADER A A3021_B >>> LIKE-DISLIKE - LEADER B A3021_C >>> LIKE-DISLIKE - LEADER C A3021_D >>> LIKE-DISLIKE - LEADER D A3021_E >>> LIKE-DISLIKE - LEADER E A3021_F >>> LIKE-DISLIKE - LEADER F A3021_G >>> LIKE-DISLIKE - ADDITIONAL - LEADER G A3021_H >>> LIKE-DISLIKE - ADDITIONAL - LEADER H A3021_I >>> LIKE-DISLIKE - ADDITIONAL - LEADER I --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Q8a-f. And now, using the same scale, I'd like to ask you how much you like or dislike some political leaders. Again, if I come to a leader you haven't heard of or you do not know enough about them, just say so. The first political leader is LEADER A. .................................................................. 00. STRONGLY DISLIKE 01. 02. 03. 04. 05. 06. 07. 08. 09. 10. STRONGLY LIKES 96. HAVEN'T HEARD OF 98. DON'T KNOW 99. MISSING | NOTES: A3021 | | Refer to Appendix I for the names of political leaders A | through F. Note that wherever possible and appropriate, these | leaders are the leaders or most prominent candidates of parties | A-F. | | Users will also want to refer to variable notes for A3020. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - AUSTRALIA (1996): A3021_E | | A3021_E was coded to "missing", as the "Greens" had no single | party leader of national stature and, thus, no response category | was offered in C.1 (Questionnaire, p.8). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CHILE (1999): A3021,A3035 | | Leader evaluations were not included in this study. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A3022 >>> ECONOMY IMPROVED LAST 12 MONTHS --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Q9. What do you think about the state of the economy these days in [country]? Would you say that the state of the economy is very good, good, neither good nor bad, bad, or very bad? .................................................................. 1. VERY GOOD 2. GOOD 3. NEITHER GOOD NOR BAD 4. BAD 5. VERY BAD 8. DON'T KNOW 9. MISSING --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A3023 >>> ECONOMY CHANGE --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Q10. Would you say that over the past twelve months, the state of the economy in [country] has gotten better, stayed about the same, or gotten worse? .................................................................. 1. GOTTEN BETTER 3. STAYED THE SAME 5. GOTTEN WORSE 8. DON'T KNOW 9. MISSING | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - AUSTRALIA (1996): A3023 | | These variables are constructed from a single item which asked: | And how do you think the general economic situation in Australia | now compares with what it was 12 months ago? | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 1. A LOT BETTER | 2 A LITTLE BETTER | 3. ABOUT THE SAME | 4. A LITTLE WORSE | 5. A LOT WORSE | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BELGIUM-FLANDERS (1999): A3023 | | These variables were constructed from a single item that asked: | Compared to one year ago, is the general economic situation | improved or not? | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 1. MUCH IMPROVED | 2 A LITTLE IMPROVED | 3. ABOUT THE SAME | 4. HAS GOT A LITTLE WORSE | 5. HAS GOT MUCH WORSE | | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BELGIUM-WALLOON (1999): A3023 | | These variables were constructed from a single item that asked: | | If you compare today's economy with that of a year ago, do you | think the economy now is much improved, a little improved, is | more or less the same, is slightly worse, or much worse? | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 1. MUCH IMPROVED | 2 A LITTLE IMPROVED | 3. ABOUT THE SAME | 4. SLIGHTLY WORSE | 5. MUCH WORSE | | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CANADA (1997): A3023-A3025 | | These variables are constructed from a single item which asked: | "Would you say that over the past twelve months, the state of | the economy in Canada has: | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 1. GOTTEN MUCH BETTER, | 2. GOTTEN SOMEWHAT BETTER, | 3. STAYED ABOUT THE SAME, | 4. GOTTEN SOMEWHAT WORSE, OR | 5. GOTTEN A LOT WORSE?" | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CZECH REPUBLIC (1996): A3023 | | These variables are constructed from a single item which asked: | "How would you rate the economic situation in the Czech Republic | compared to the situation 12 months ago? | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 1. GOT A LOT BETTER | 2. GOT SOMEWHAT BETTER | 3. REMAINED THE SAME | 4. GOT RATHER WORSE | 5. GOT A LOT WORSE | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - DENMARK (1998): A3023 | | These variables are constructed from a single item which asked: | "Would you say the country's economic situation has become | better, stayed the same, or has become worse during the last | twelve months? (If better or worse: Is that much or somewhat? | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 1. MUCH BETTER | 2. SOMEWHAT BETTER | 3. SAME | 4. SOMEWHAT WORSE | 5. MUCH WORSE | | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GREAT BRITAIN (1997): A3023 | | These variables are constructed from a single item which asked: | "Would you say that over the past twelve months, the state of | the economy in Britain has: | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 1. ...GOT MUCH BETTER, | 2. GOT SOMEWHAT BETTER, | 3. STAYED THE SAME, | 4. GOT SOMEWHAT WORSE, | 5. OR, GOT A LOT WORSE? | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HUNGARY (1998): A3023 | | These variables are reconstructed from a single item which | asked: | "And in your view, during the last 12 months, has the situation | of the economy in Hungary | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 1. GOT MUCH WORSE | 2. GOT SOMEWHAT WORSE | 3. REMAINED UNCHANGED | 4. GOT SOMEWHAT BETTER | 5. GOT MUCH BETTER | | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - JAPAN (1996): A3023-A3025 | | These variables are reconstracted from a single question with 5 | choices (Pre-Q27). Following SPSS syntax was used: | | "QA27 What about if you compare current economic conditions | to those of a year ago?" | | CSES A3023 CSES A3024 CSES A3025 Response Categories: | 1. 1. 0. IMPROVED CONSIDERABLY | 2. IMPROVED SLIGHTLY | 3. 0. NO CHANGE | 5. WORSENED CONSIDERABLY | 8. 8. 8. DK | 0. 0. 0. NA | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PERU (2000): A3023 | | These variables are constructed from a single item which asked: | Now, if we talk about the actual economic situation of Peru, | would you say that it is very good, good, neither good nor bad, | bad, or very bad? | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 1. VERY GOOD | 2. GOOD | 3. NEITHER GOOD NOR BAD | 4. BAD | 5. VERY BAD | | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - RUSSIA (1999): A3023-A3024 | | These variables were constructed from a single item that asked: | | What do you think, over the past twelve months has the economy | of Russia? | | 1. GOTTEN MUCH BETTER | 2. GOTTEN SOMEWHAT BETTER | 3. STAYED THE SAME | 4. GOTTEN SOMEWHAT WORSE | 5. GOTTEN MUCH WORSE | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - RUSSIA (2000): A3023-A3024 | | These variables are constructed from a single survey item, in | which respondents could indicate that they thought the economy | had, over the past year, gotten: | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 1. MUCH BETTER | 2. SOMEWHAT BETTER | 3. ABOUT THE SAME | 4. SOMEWHAT WORSE | 5. MUCH WORSE | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SLOVENIA (1996): A3023 | | These variables are constructed from a single item which asked: | Would you say that over the past twelve months, the state of the | economy in Slovenia has gotten... | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 1. MUCH BETTER | 2. SOMEWHAT BETTER | 3. STAYED THE SAME | 4. SOMEWHAT WORSE | 5. MUCH WORSE | | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - THAILAND (2001): A3023-A3025 | | There are several cases in which there is an inconsistent | response pattern. For example, some respondents who indicated | that the economy had gotten better, provided a response as to | whether the economy had gotten somewhat worse, or much worse. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A3024 >>> ECONOMY HOW MUCH BETTER --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Q10a. Would you say much better or somewhat better? .................................................................. 1. MUCH BETTER 2. SOMEWHAT BETTER 8. DON'T KNOW 9. MISSING 0. NOT APPLICABLE | NOTES: A3024 | | Users will also want to refer to variable notes for A3023. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A3025 >>> ECONOMY HOW MUCH WORSE --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Q10b. Would you say much worse or somewhat worse? .................................................................. 4. SOMEWHAT WORSE 5. MUCH WORSE 8. DON'T KNOW 9. MISSING 0. NOT APPLICABLE | NOTES: A3025 | | Users will also want to refer to variable notes for A3023. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A3026 >>> POLITICIANS KNOW WHAT PEOPLE THINK --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Q11. Some people say that members of [Congress/ Parliament] know what ordinary people think. Others say that members of [Congress/Parliament] don't know much about what ordinary people think. Using the scale on this card, (where ONE means that the members of [Congress/Parliament] know what ordinary people think, and FIVE means that the members of [Congress/ Parliament] don't know much about what ordinary people think), where would you place yourself? .................................................................. 1. MEMBERS OF [CONGRESS/PARLIAMENT] KNOW WHAT ORDINARY PEOPLE THINK 2. 3. 4. 5. MEMBERS OF [CONGRESS/PARLIAMENT] DON'T KNOW WHAT ORDINARY PEOPLE THINK 8. DON'T KNOW 9. MISSING | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PORTUGAL (2002): A3026 | | In order to make it easier for respondents to answer these | questions, when translating from English to Portuguese, the | original form of the questions was slightly altered. The | objective was to make the options clearer for the respondents. | Translating from Portuguese to English, here are the questions | as administered in Portugal: | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 1. MEMBERS OF PARLIAMENT KNOW WELL WHAT ORDINARY PEOPLE THINK | 5. MEMBERS OF PARLIAMENT DON'T KNOW ANYTHING WHAT ORDINARY | PEOPLE THINK --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A3027 >>> CONTACT WITH POLITICIAN IN PAST YEAR --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Q12. During the past twelve months, have you had any contact with [a member of Parliament/a member of Congress] in any way? .................................................................. 1. YES 5. NO; NO CONTACT AT ALL 8. DON'T KNOW 9. MISSING --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A3028 >>> WHO IS IN POWER CAN MAKE DIFFERENCE --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Q13. Some people say it makes a difference who is in power. Others say that it doesn't make a difference who is in power. Using the scale on this card, (where ONE means that it makes a difference who is in power and FIVE means that it doesn't make a difference who is in power), where would you place yourself? .................................................................. 1. IT MAKES A DIFFERENCE WHO IS IN POWER 2. 3. 4. 5. IT DOESN'T MAKE A DIFFERENCE WHO IS IN POWER 8. DON'T KNOW 9. MISSING | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PORTUGAL (2002): A3028 | | In order to make it easier for respondents to answer these | questions, when translating from English to Portuguese, the | original form of the questions was slightly altered. The | objective was to make the options clearer for the respondents. | Translating from Portuguese to English, here are the questions | as administered in Portugal: | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 1. IT MAKES A BIG DIFFERENCE WHO IS IN POWER | 5. IT DOESN'T MAKE ANY DIFFERENCE WHO IS IN POWER --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A3029 >>> WHO PEOPLE VOTE FOR MAKES A DIFFERENCE --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Q14. Some people say that no matter who people vote for, it won't make any difference to what happens. Others say that who people vote for can make a difference to what happens. Using the scale on this card, (where ONE means that voting won't make a difference to what happens and FIVE means that voting can make a difference), where would you place yourself? .................................................................. 1. WHO PEOPLE VOTE FOR WON'T MAKE A DIFFERENCE 2. 3. 4. 5. WHO PEOPLE VOTE FOR CAN MAKE A DIFFERENCE 8. DON'T KNOW 9. MISSING | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PORTUGAL (2002): A3029 | | In order to make it easier for respondents to answer these | questions, when translating from English to Portuguese, the | original form of the questions was slightly altered. The | objective was to make the options clearer for the respondents. | Translating from Portuguese to English, here are the questions | as administered in Portugal: | | CSES Code, Election Study Category/Categories: | | 1. WHO PEOPLE VOTE FOR WON'T MAKE ANY DIFFERENCE | 5. WHO PEOPLE VOTE FOR CAN MAKE A BIG DIFFERENCE --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A3030 >>> DO PEOPLE EXPRESS POLITICAL OPINION --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Q15. When people are asked to express an opinion, do you believe most people in [country] usually say what they think about politics or do you believe most people usually hide what they really think about politics? Using the scale on this card, (where ONE means that most people in [country] usually say what they think about politics, and FIVE means that most people usually hide what they really think), where would you place yourself? .................................................................. 1. MOST PEOPLE IN [COUNTRY] USUALLY SAY WHAT THEY THINK ABOUT POLITICS 2. 3. 4. 5. MOST PEOPLE IN [COUNTRY] USUALLY HIDE WHAT THEY REALLY THINK ABOUT POLITICS 8. DON'T KNOW 9. MISSING --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A3031 >>> LEFT-RIGHT - SELF --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Q16a. In politics people sometimes talk of left and right. Where would you place yourself on a scale from 0 to 10 where 0 means the left and 10 means the right? .................................................................. 00. LEFT 01. 02. 03. 04. 05. 06. 07. 08. 09. 10. RIGHT 96. [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 98. DON'T KNOW 99. MISSING | NOTES: A3031 | | Refer to Appendix I Political Parties and Party Blocks for | value labels. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CHILE (1999) | | There are a number of respondents in category 96. The meaning | of the code is unknown to the CSES Secretariat. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - JAPAN (1996): A3031-A3034 | | The Left/Right Placement items were not asked in the Japanese | survey. Instead, the optional Liberal/Conservative Placement is | included in A3033-A3034. Showcard for the Liberal/Conservative | Placement in the Japanese survey has a label for the midpoint | (5) and it reads "neither of them." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - LITHUANIA (1997): A3031-A3032 | | An even-numbered only scale was used. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - THAILAND (2001): A3031-A3032 | | Left-right evaluations are not relevant to Thai politics, and as | a result these items were not included in the study. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A3032_A >>> LEFT-RIGHT - PARTY A A3032_B >>> LEFT-RIGHT - PARTY B A3032_C >>> LEFT-RIGHT - PARTY C A3032_D >>> LEFT-RIGHT - PARTY D A3032_E >>> LEFT-RIGHT - PARTY E A3032_F >>> LEFT-RIGHT - PARTY F A3032_G >>> LEFT-RIGHT - ADDITIONAL - PARTY G A3032_H >>> LEFT-RIGHT - ADDITIONAL - PARTY H A3032_I >>> LEFT-RIGHT - ADDITIONAL - PARTY I --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Q16b-g. Now, using the same scale, where would you place [Party A-F]? .................................................................. 00. LEFT 01. 02. 03. 04. 05. 06. 07. 08. 09. 10. RIGHT 96. HAVEN'T HEARD OF 97. [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 98. DON'T KNOW 99. MISSING | NOTES: A3032 | | For introductory text to this question, please reference Q16a. | | See Appendix I Political Parties and Party Blocks value labels. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GREAT BRITAIN (1997): A3020-A3021, | A3032-A3033 | | Respondents outside of a region where a party contested the | election were not asked to evaluate it. These respondents are | coded 97. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NETHERLANDS (1998): A3031-A3032 | | The scale used ranges from 1-10, so that no cases in the | Netherlands data are coded 0. Also, CSES category for Don't Know | includes cases from the Netherlands categories "Don't Know" and | "Could not position party". --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A3033 >>> OPTIONAL SCALE - SELF --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Q17a. Where would you place yourself on this scale? .................................................................. 00-10. 11. LEFT OF 0 12. RIGHT OF 0 96. HAVEN'T HEARD OF 98. DON'T KNOW 99. MISSING | NOTES: A3033-A3035 | | Variables A3033-A3035_F have been included for those countries | in which the left-right dimension is not the most salient | dimension of political competition. The following election | study notes document the scales used. | | Expert ratings of the parties on these dimensions are reported | in A5004. | | Also, note that where left-right evaluations of the leaders are | available. These are reported in A3035. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GREAT BRITAIN (1997): A3033-A3035 | | "Government should make much greater efforts to make people's | incomes more equal." (0) - "Government should be much less | concerned about how equal people's incomes are." (10) | | The collaborator has not provided any rankings of parties on | this scale. | | These variables are based on responses to the following | questions: "Some people feel that government should make much | greater efforts to make people's incomes more equal. These | people would put themselves in Box A. [According accompanying | showcard, this is the left-most position]. Other people feel | that government should be much less concerned about how equal | people's incomes are. These people would put themselves in | Box K. [According to accompanying showcard, this is the | right-most position]. And other people have views somewhere | in-between, along here (POINT LEFT A-F) or along here (POINT | RIGHT K-F). [IF ASKED, the interviewers were instructed to | confirm that Box F is the middle position]. In the first row of | boxes, please tick whichever box comes closest to your own views | about redistributing income. Now where do you think that the | political parties stand? First the Conservative Party. In the | next row of boxes, please tick whichever box you think comes | closest to the views of the Conservative Party. | [...] | IN SCOTLAND [Response category 97 indicates R outside of | Scotland]: Now tick whichever box you think comes closest to the | views of the Scottish National Party." | | Note, responses left of A' were reported L' and responses | right of K' are reported M'. These "extreme" responses were | recoded to 0 and 10, respectively. Care was taken to ensure | that the responses reflected the respondent's best assessment | (that is, they were free to change their answer upon further | reflection). | | Code 11 for Great Britain (1997) reads "More Left Than 0" | Code 12 for Great Britain (1997) reads "More Right Than 0" | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HONG KONG (1998): A3033-A3035 | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HONG KONG (2000): A3033-A3035 | | "After I read the name of a political party, please rate it on a | scale from 0 to 10, where 0 means you think that party is | Pro-Beijing and 10 means that you think that party is Pro-Hong | Kong." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HONG KONG (1998): A3033-A3035 | | Note that a further alternative dimension (Pro-Business, | Pro-Grassroots) is available in the original election study. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - JAPAN (1996): A3033-A3035 | | In Japan, the terms "Liberal" and "Conservative" anchor the | scale. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NETHERLANDS (1998): A3033-A3035 | | "Doctors should always be allowed to end life at the patient's | request." (0)- "Euthanasia should always be forbidden." (10) | | PARTY A Partij van de Arbeid 3 | PARTY B Christen Democratisch Appel 8 | PARTY C Volkspartij voor Vriheid en Democratie 3 | PARTY D Democraten 66 2 | PARTY E Groen Links 3 | PARTY F Gereformeerd Politiek Verbond 9 | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NEW ZEALAND (1996): A3033-A3035 | | Liberal (0) - Authoritarian (10) | | PARTY A Labor 2 | PARTY B New Zealand National Party 6 | PARTY C New Zealand First Party 8 | PARTY D Alliance 2 | PARTY E ACT New Zealand 1 | PARTY F Christian Coalition 10 | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PORTUGAL (2002): A3033-A3035 | | Left-Right evaluations of party leaders are reported in | A3035_A-A3035_F. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - RUSSIA (1999): A3033-A3035 | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - RUSSIA (2000): A3033-A3035 | | Left-Right evaluations of party leaders are reported in A3035. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - TAIWAN (1996): A3033-A3035 | | Independence (0) - Unification (10) | | PARTY A Nationalist Party 5 | PARTY B Democratic Progressive Party 2 | PARTY C New Party 7 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A3034_A >>> OPTIONAL SCALE - PARTY A A3034_B >>> OPTIONAL SCALE - PARTY B A3034_C >>> OPTIONAL SCALE - PARTY C A3034_D >>> OPTIONAL SCALE - PARTY D A3034_E >>> OPTIONAL SCALE - PARTY E A3034_F >>> OPTIONAL SCALE - PARTY F --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Q17b. Where would you place PARTY A on this scale? Q17c. Where would you place PARTY B on this scale? Q17d. Where would you place PARTY C on this scale? Q17e. Where would you place PARTY D on this scale? Q17f. Where would you place PARTY E on this scale? Q17g. Where would you place PARTY F on this scale? .................................................................. 00-10. RATING 11. LEFT OF 0 12. RIGHT OF 0 96. HAVEN'T HEARD OF 97. [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 98. DON'T KNOW 99. MISSING | NOTES: A3034 | | Parties are identified in Appendix I. | | See also notes for variable A3033. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GREAT BRITAIN (1997): A3033-A3035 | | "Government should make much greater efforts to make people's | incomes more equal." (0) - "Government should be much less | concerned about how equal people's incomes are." (10) | | The collaborator has not provided any rankings of parties on | this scale. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - JAPAN (1996): A3033-A3035 | | In Japan, the terms "Liberal" and "Conservative" anchor the | scale. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A3035_A >>> OPTIONAL SCALE - LEADER A A3035_B >>> OPTIONAL SCALE - LEADER B A3035_C >>> OPTIONAL SCALE - LEADER C A3035_D >>> OPTIONAL SCALE - LEADER D A3035_E >>> OPTIONAL SCALE - LEADER E A3035_F >>> OPTIONAL SCALE - LEADER F --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Q17h. Where would you place LEADER A on this scale? Q17i. Where would you place LEADER B on this scale? Q17j. Where would you place LEADER C on this scale? Q17k. Where would you place LEADER D on this scale? Q17l. Where would you place LEADER E on this scale? Q17m. Where would you place LEADER F on this scale? .................................................................. 00-10. RATING 96. HAVEN'T HEARD OF 98. DON'T KNOW 99. MISSING | NOTES: A3035 | | Leaders are identified in Appendix I. | | See also notes for variable A3033. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CHILE (1999): A3021,A3035 | | Leader evaluations were not included in this study. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GREAT BRITAIN (1997): A3035 | | Response category 97 indicates that the respondent is 'aged | 97+'. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - RUSSIA (1999): A3035 | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - RUSSIA (2000): A3035 | | The Left-Right evaluations of the LEADERS A-F are reported in | these variables according to the format specified in | variables A3031-A3032. =========================================================================== ))) CSES MODULE 1 DISTRICT-LEVEL VARIABLES =========================================================================== | NOTES: | | (1) All variables in this section pertain the first segment of | the lower house of the legislative body. Later versions of the | project will include electoral returns for upper house and head | of state elections, wherever possible. In elections in which | the lower house was not elected, no data are reported here. | | (2) The respondents' electoral district is reported in A2027, | with labels listed in Appendix II. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A4001 >>> NUMBER OF SEATS IN DISTRICT --------------------------------------------------------------------------- This variable reports the number of seats contested in each district of the first segment of the lower house of the legislature. .................................................................. 001-900. NUMBER OF SEATS CONTESTED IN ELECTORAL DISTRICT 999. MISSING 000. NOT APPLICABLE --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A4002 >>> NUMBER OF CANDIDATES IN DISTRICT --------------------------------------------------------------------------- This variable reports the number of candidates who contested seats in each district. These data are reported for systems in which electors vote for candidates directly, and for systems in which electors may cast a preference ballot (i.e. indicate a candidate from a party list, in addition to casting a ballot for a party list). .................................................................. 0001-9000. NUMBER OF CANDIDATES THAT CONTESTED THE ELECTION IN THIS ELECTORAL DISTRICT 9999. MISSING 0000. NOT APPLICABLE --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A4003 >>> NUMBER OF PARTY LISTS IN DISTRICT --------------------------------------------------------------------------- This variable reports the number of parties that presented lists and thereby contested seats in the district. These data are reported for those systems in which electors cast ballots for party lists. .................................................................. 001-900. NUMBER OF PARTIES THAT PRESENTED A LIST OF CANDIDATES IN THE ELECTION IN THIS ELECTORAL DISTRICT 999. MISSING 000. NOT APPLICABLE --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A4004_A >>> PERCENT VOTE IN DISTRICT - PARTY A A4004_B >>> PERCENT VOTE IN DISTRICT - PARTY B A4004_C >>> PERCENT VOTE IN DISTRICT - PARTY C A4004_D >>> PERCENT VOTE IN DISTRICT - PARTY D A4004_E >>> PERCENT VOTE IN DISTRICT - PARTY E A4004_F >>> PERCENT VOTE IN DISTRICT - PARTY F --------------------------------------------------------------------------- This variable reports the proportion of votes cast in favor of party [A/B/C/D/E/F] in this district. In majoritarian systems, in which more than one round of elections are held, this variable reports the proportion of the popular vote cast in favor of party [A/B/C/D/E/F] in the FIRST round. .................................................................. 001.00-100.00. PERCENT (1.00% TO 100.00%) OF THE VALID BALLOTS CAST IN THIS DISTRICT THAT WERE CAST IN FAVOR OF PARTY [A/B/C/D/E/F]. 999.00. MISSING 000.00. NOT APPLICABLE | NOTES: A4004 | | Parties are identified in Appendix I. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A4005 >>> TURNOUT IN DISTRICT --------------------------------------------------------------------------- This variable reports the proportion of valid votes cast relative to the number of voters. .................................................................. 001.00-100.00. PERCENT OF VOTERS IN THIS DISTRICT THAT CAST VALID BALLOTS 999.00. MISSING 000.00. NOT APPLICABLE =========================================================================== ))) CSES MODULE 1 MACRO-LEVEL VARIABLES =========================================================================== --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A5001_A >>> YEAR FOUNDED - PARTY A A5001_B >>> YEAR FOUNDED - PARTY B A5001_C >>> YEAR FOUNDED - PARTY C A5001_D >>> YEAR FOUNDED - PARTY D A5001_E >>> YEAR FOUNDED - PARTY E A5001_F >>> YEAR FOUNDED - PARTY F --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QI.3A.a Year party founded: .................................................................. 1000-2002. YEAR FOUNDED 9999. MISSING 0000. NOT APPLICABLE | NOTES: A5001 | | If the party was founded under a different name, and recently | "re-invented" itself, or re-surfaced following the collapse of a | communist regime, the earliest founding date is reported. | | Parties are identified in Appendix I. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A5002_A >>> IDEOLOGICAL FAMILY - PARTY A A5002_B >>> IDEOLOGICAL FAMILY - PARTY B A5002_C >>> IDEOLOGICAL FAMILY - PARTY C A5002_D >>> IDEOLOGICAL FAMILY - PARTY D A5002_E >>> IDEOLOGICAL FAMILY - PARTY E A5002_F >>> IDEOLOGICAL FAMILY - PARTY F --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QI.3B.a Ideological Family Party is Closest to: .................................................................. 01. ECOLOGY PARTIES 02. COMMUNIST PARTIES 03. SOCIALIST PARTIES 04. SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC PARTIES 05. LEFT LIBERAL PARTIES 06. LIBERAL PARTIES 07. RIGHT LIBERAL PARTIES 08. CHRISTIAN DEMOCRATIC PARTIES 09. CONSERVATIVE PARTIES 10. NATIONAL PARTIES 11. AGRARIAN PARTIES 12. ETHNIC PARTIES 13. REGIONAL PARTIES 14. RELIGIOUS PARTIES 15. INDEPENDENT PARTIES 16. OTHER 99. MISSING 00. NOT APPLICABLE | NOTES: A5002 | | Parties are identified in Appendix I. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A5003_A >>> INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION - PARTY A A5003_B >>> INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION - PARTY B A5003_C >>> INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION - PARTY C A5003_D >>> INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION - PARTY D A5003_E >>> INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION - PARTY E A5003_F >>> INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION - PARTY F --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QI.3C.a International Organization Party Belongs to: .................................................................. 10. SOCIALIST INTERNATIONAL 11. CONFEDERATION OF SOCIALIST PARTIES OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY/PARTIES OF EUROPEAN SOCIALISTS 12. ASIA PACIFIC SOCIALIST ORGANIZATION 13. SOCIALIST INTER-AFRICAN 14. NEW LEFT FORUM 15. NORDIC COUNCIL LEFT SOCIALIST PARTY GROUP 20. CHRISTIAN DEMOCRATIC INTERNATIONAL 21. EUROPEAN CHRISTIAN DEMOCRATIC UNION 22. EUROPEAN PEOPLE'S PARTY 30. LIBERAL INTERNATIONAL 31. FEDERATION OF EUROPEAN LIBERAL, DEMOCRAT, AND REFORM PARTIES 40. INTERNATIONAL DEMOCRAT UNION 41. CARIBBEAN DEMOCRAT UNION 42. EUROPEAN DEMOCRAT UNION 43. PACIFIC DEMOCRAT UNION 50. THE GREENS 51. AMERICAN GREEN PARTIES FEDERATION 60. INTERNATIONAL NETWORK OF CENTRE PARTIES 70. UNION OF COMMUNIST PARTIES 80. UNION OF EUROPE FOR THE NATIONS 81. EUROPEAN FREE-ALLIANCE - DEMOCRATIC PARTY OF THE PEOPLE OF EUROPE 99. MISSING 00. NOT APPLICABLE | NOTES: A5003 | | Parties are identified in Appendix I. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A5004_A >>> LEFT-RIGHT - PARTY A A5004_B >>> LEFT-RIGHT - PARTY B A5004_C >>> LEFT-RIGHT - PARTY C A5004_D >>> LEFT-RIGHT - PARTY D A5004_E >>> LEFT-RIGHT - PARTY E A5004_F >>> LEFT-RIGHT - PARTY F --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QI.4A.c Parties' position in left-right scale (in the expert judgment of the CSES Collaborator): .................................................................. 00. LEFT 01. 02. 03. 04. 05. 06. 07. 08. 09. 10. RIGHT 98. NOT APPLICABLE; NO LOWER HOUSE ELECTIONS 99. MISSING | NOTES: A5004 | | Some collaborators have reported sub-incremental values (i.e. | 4.5, 7.5, etc.). | | Parties are identified in Appendix I. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A5005_A >>> PERCENT VOTE - LOWER HOUSE - PARTY A A5005_B >>> PERCENT VOTE - LOWER HOUSE - PARTY B A5005_C >>> PERCENT VOTE - LOWER HOUSE - PARTY C A5005_D >>> PERCENT VOTE - LOWER HOUSE - PARTY D A5005_E >>> PERCENT VOTE - LOWER HOUSE - PARTY E A5005_F >>> PERCENT VOTE - LOWER HOUSE - PARTY F --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Percent of popular vote received by PARTY [A/B/C/D/E/F] in current (lower house) legislative election: .................................................................. 000.00-100.00. PERCENT OF THE POPULAR VOTE THAT PARTY [A/B/C/D/E/F] RECEIVED 997.00. ALLIANCE MEMBER (NO INDIVIDUAL TALLY) 998.00. NOT APPLICABLE; NO LOWER HOUSE ELECTIONS 999.00. MISSING | | ELECTION STUDY NOTE - GREAT BRITAIN (1997): A5005_A-E | | Please note that the coverage of the 1997 British General | Election Study is Great Britain (i.e. England, Wales and | Scotland) - not the United Kingdom. The percent of the vote | was obtained for A5005_A, A5005_B and A5005_C from the UK | Electoral Commission. Given that the Commission did not | report vote percentages for small parties at the level of | Great Britain, we sought alternative sources to supply | these statistics. This information was located at: | http://www.election.demon.co.uk. Here the results are | disaggregated properly for vote share. This site is not an | official election site for the UK, but the information | found at the UK Electoral Commission in this case was | consistent with the alternative site (i.e., the total | amount of vote for the SNP and PC is exactly the same - | both percentages and number of votes). Thus, we used this | source to refill the incomplete data from the UK Electoral | Commission (e.g., vote for SNP, vote for PC and voter | turnout) | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ICELAND (1999): A5005 | | The district data regarding the percentage of votes obtained by | the political parties come from the official data published by | the Statistical Yearbook of Iceland 2001. The total percentages | of these data do not add to the national percentages reported | by the same source. We were not able to figure out the method | used to add up the district percentages to match the national | results. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ROMANIA (1996): A5005 | | The percentage of votes obtained by the political parties at the | district level is calculated based on the total amount of votes | obtained by the six more important parties. Therefore, the sum | of these percentages will not match the official national | results. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWITZERLAND (1999): A5005 | | The district data regarding the percentage of votes obtained by | the political parties come from the official data published by | the Swiss Electoral Commission. The total percentages of these | data do not add to the national percentages reported by the same | commission. We were not able to figure out the method used by | the Commission to add up the district percentages to match the | national results. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - THAILAND (2001): A5005 | | The data concerning the official electoral results for the Lower | House is the percentage of votes gained by parties in the | national lists. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A5006_A >>> PERCENT SEATS - LOWER HOUSE - PARTY A A5006_B >>> PERCENT SEATS - LOWER HOUSE - PARTY B A5006_C >>> PERCENT SEATS - LOWER HOUSE - PARTY C A5006_D >>> PERCENT SEATS - LOWER HOUSE - PARTY D A5006_E >>> PERCENT SEATS - LOWER HOUSE - PARTY E A5006_F >>> PERCENT SEATS - LOWER HOUSE - PARTY F --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Percent of seats in lower house received by PARTY A in current (lower house) election: .................................................................. 000.00-100.00. PERCENT OF THE SEATS THAT PARTY [A/B/C/D/E/F] RECEIVED 997.00. ALLIANCE MEMBER (NO INDIVIDUAL TALLY) 998.00. NOT APPLICABLE; NO LOWER HOUSE ELECTIONS 999.00. MISSING | NOTES: A5006 | | Parties are identified in Appendix I. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A5007_A >>> PERCENT VOTE - UPPER HOUSE - PARTY A A5007_B >>> PERCENT VOTE - UPPER HOUSE - PARTY B A5007_C >>> PERCENT VOTE - UPPER HOUSE - PARTY C A5007_D >>> PERCENT VOTE - UPPER HOUSE - PARTY D A5007_E >>> PERCENT VOTE - UPPER HOUSE - PARTY E A5007_F >>> PERCENT VOTE - UPPER HOUSE - PARTY F --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Percent of popular vote received by PARTY [A/B/C/D/E/F] in current (upper house) legislative election: .................................................................. 000.00-100.00. PERCENT OF THE POPULAR VOTE THAT PARTY [A/B/C/D/E/F] RECEIVED 997.00. ALLIANCE MEMBER (NO INDIVIDUAL TALLY) 998.00. NOT APPLICABLE; NO UPPER HOUSE ELECTIONS 999.00. MISSING | NOTES: A5007 | | Parties are identified in Appendix I. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - THAILAND (2001): A5007 | | According to the Thai Constitution approved in 1997 the | candidates to the Senate cannot be members or supported by the | political parties. Therefore, the values for the variables | concerning the official electoral results for the Senate by | parties, as well as the percentage of seats shared by parties in | the Upper House is missing. | --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A5008_A >>> PERCENT SEATS - UPPER HOUSE - PARTY A A5008_B >>> PERCENT SEATS - UPPER HOUSE - PARTY B A5008_C >>> PERCENT SEATS - UPPER HOUSE - PARTY C A5008_D >>> PERCENT SEATS - UPPER HOUSE - PARTY D A5008_E >>> PERCENT SEATS - UPPER HOUSE - PARTY E A5008_F >>> PERCENT SEATS - UPPER HOUSE - PARTY F --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Percent of seats in upper house received by PARTY [A/B/C/D/E/F] in current (upper house) election: .................................................................. 000.00-100.00. PERCENT OF THE SEATS THAT PARTY [A/B/C/D/E/F] RECEIVED 997.00. ALLIANCE MEMBER (NO INDIVIDUAL TALLY) 998.00. NOT APPLICABLE; NO UPPER HOUSE ELECTIONS 999.00. MISSING | NOTES: A5008 | | Parties are identified in Appendix I. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A5009_A >>> PERCENT VOTE - PRESIDENT - PARTY A A5009_B >>> PERCENT VOTE - PRESIDENT - PARTY B A5009_C >>> PERCENT VOTE - PRESIDENT - PARTY C A5009_D >>> PERCENT VOTE - PRESIDENT - PARTY D A5009_E >>> PERCENT VOTE - PRESIDENT - PARTY E A5009_F >>> PERCENT VOTE - PRESIDENT - PARTY F --------------------------------------------------------------------------- If multiple rounds, percent of vote received in first round. .................................................................. 000.00-100.00 PERCENT OF THE POPULAR VOTE THAT PARTY [A/B/C/D/E/F] RECEIVED 997.00. ALLIANCE MEMBER (NO INDIVIDUAL TALLY) 998.00. NOT APPLICABLE; NO PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS 999.00. MISSING | NOTES: A5009 | | Parties A-F are identified in Appendix I. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A5010 >>> ELECTORAL TURNOUT --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Percentage of Voting Age Population who cast ballots .................................................................. 000.00-100.00. PERCENT OF VOTING AGE POPULATION WHO CAST BALLOTS 999. MISSING | NOTES: A5010 | | Please note that official turnout figures are calculated using | www.idea.net in general, based on the amount or registered | voters. In cases, where different databases for calculation are | used, an additional codebook remark is included. | Furthermore, given values cover the turnout for the Lower House | elections of the corresponding country, as long as no other | information is provided in the following. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BELARUS (2001): A5010 | | This variable reports the first round turnout of the | presidential election. According to the results of the election, | no second round was held. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CHILE (1999): A5010 | | This variable reports the first round turnout of the | presidential election. Turnout at the second round was 90.63%. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES – HONG KONG (1998): A5010 | | Data are from the official Electoral Commission of Hong | Kong (http://www.eac.gov.hk/en/legco/1998_report.htm). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES – HONG KONG (2000): A5010 | | Data are from the official Electoral Commission of Hong | Kong (http://www.eac.gov.hk/en/legco/2000_report.htm). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - LITHUANIA (1997): A5010 | | This variable reports the first round turnout of the | presidential election. Turnout at the second round was 73.66%. | Data are from the Electoral Commission of Lithuania | (http://www.lrs.lt). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES – MEXICO (2000): A5010 | | Data are from the Federal Electoral Institute of Mexico | (http://www.ife.org.mx/). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PORTUGAL (2002): B5006 | | Turnout value for the elections is taken from the Parline | database (www.ipu.org). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - RUSSIA (2000): A5010 | | This variable reports the first round turnout of the | presidential election. According to the results of the election, | no second round was held. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A5011 >>> ELECTORAL ALLIANCES IN ELECTION --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QI.6A. Were electoral alliances permitted during the election campaign? .................................................................. 1. YES 5. NO 9. MISSING --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A5012 >>> DID ANY ELECTORAL ALLIANCES FORM? --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QI.6B. (If yes) Did any electoral alliances form? .................................................................. 1. YES 5. NO 9. MISSING | NOTES: A5012 | | See below for Name of Alliance and Party Membership | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - AUSTRALIA (1996): A5012 | | 1 The Coalition Liberal Party (B), National Party (C) | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BELARUS (2001): A5012 | | | 1 United Democratic (B') United Civil Party, Party of | Opposition Communists Belarusian, Belarusian | Party of Women ‘Nadzezhda', | Belarusian Party of Labor, | Belarusian Social-Democratic | Gramada, Belarusian People's Front. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CHILE (1999): A5012 | | 1 Alianza por Chile UDI (B), RN | 2 Concertacion PPD (A), DC, PS, PRSD | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CZECH REPUBLIC (1996): A5012 | | 1 KDU-CSL (D) Christian Democratic Union, Czech | People's Party | 2 SPR-RSC (E) Rally for the Republic, | Czechoslovak Republican Party | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HUNGARY (1998): A5012 | | 1 Fidesz-MDF Fidesz-MPP (B), MDF | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ISRAEL (1996): A5012 | | 1 Likud (B) -Gesher-Tzomet | 2 Meretz (E) Mapam, Ratz, Shinui | 3 Yahadut Hatorah Degel Hatora, Agudat Israel | Hadash, Balad | 4 Reshima Arvit Mada, Hatnua Haislamit, Gush Aravi | Meuhedet Islami | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NETHERLANDS (1998): A5012 | | 1 GVP (E), Staatkundig Gereformeerde | Partij (Political Reformed Party), | Reformatorische Politieke | Federatie (Reformation Political | Federation) | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PERU (2000): A5012 | | 1 Peru 2000 (A) Cambio 90 Nueva Mayoria, Vamos | Vecino, Peru al 2000 | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PORTUGAL (2002): A5012 | | 1. CDU - Coligação Democratica Unitária (D) PCP , PEV | 2. BE - Bloco de Esquerda (E) PSR, UDP, Política XXI | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ROMANIA (1996): A5012 | | 1 Romanian Democratic National Peasant and Christian | Convention (A) Democratic Party (A*), National | Liberal Party (Other 1) and "other | smaller parties and associations" | 2 Social Democratic Democratic Party (C*), Romanian | Union (C) Social Democratic Party | 3 National Liberal Liberal Party, Civic Alliance | Alliance Party | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SLOVENIA (1996): A5012 | | Note: "Together there were 31 parties and alliances in | the elections in 1996. All major parties acted | independently." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SPAIN (1996): A5012 | | 1 United Left (C) Communist Party of Spain, | Socialist Action Party, | Republican Left, Unified | Socialist Party of Catalunya, | Party of Communists of Catalunya, | Unitarian Candidature of Workers, | Greens | 2 Convergence and Union Democratic Convergence of | (D) Catalunya Democratic Union of | Catalunya | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWITZERLAND (1999): A5012 | | Many different alliances were formed at the district level. | Please refer to the complete list, submitted with the completed | macro-level questionnaire. Here, we include only the alliances | of the six major parties, which constituency they occurred in, | and other members. If the party is allied with more than one | branch of the same party (i.e. youth organizations), that party | is listed only once. | | PARTY DISTRICT ALLIANCE PARTNERS | | A Zurich Fur Aktive Senioren, Die | Autopartei | Bern FDP (C) | Zug Seniorenliste | Basel-Landschaft FDP (C), CVP (D) | Schaffhausen FDP (C) | St. Gallen Freies Burgertum | Graubunden FDP, CVP, SPS | Aargau CVP (D) | Thurgau CVP (D), Evangelische Volkspartei | B Zurich Grune, zurilinks | Bern Grune | Luzern Grune | Freiburg Christlich-Soziale, Demokratrisch- | Soziale, JungsozialistInnen, | Unabhangigkeit Solidaritat | Solothurn Grune, JungsozialistInnen | Basel-Stadt Das Bundnis Grun-feministisch- | links | Basel-Landschaft Grune, Salbverstandlich | St. Gallen Grune, LdU (E) | Graubunden Umweltlise Graubunden, Freie | liste, Adrian Steiger | Aargau Grune | Wallis Grune | C Zurich KMU und Gewerbe- Unternehmer/innen | in die Politik | Bern SVP (A) | SPS(B) | jungfreisinnige | Frieburg CVP(D) | Solothurn Jungliberale | Basel-Stadt CVP (D) | Basel-Landschaft SVP (A), CVP (D) | Schaffhausen SVP (D) | St. Gallen CVP (D) | Graubunden SVP (A), CVP (D), SPS (B) | Aargau SVP(A), CVP (D) | Neuenburg LPS (F) | D Zurich Evangelische Volkspartei, LdU, | Europa Partei der Schweiz (EPS) | Bern LdU, Arbeitnehmer und | Rentnerpartei | Luzern Union der Christlichsozialen | Freibrug FDP (C) | Basel-Stadt FDP (C) | Basel-Landschaft FDP (C), SVP (A) | St. Gallen FDP (C) | Graubunden FDP (C), SVP (A), SPS (B) | Aargau FDP (C), SVP (A) | Thurgau SVP (C), Freisinn + Mittelsand, | Jungefreisinnige Thurgau, | Evangelische Volkspartei | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - UKRAINE (1998): A5012 | | 1 Socialist Party of Socialist Party of Ukraine (C), | Ukraine Peasant's Party of Ukraine (F) | 2 Labor Ukraine Civil Congress of Ukraine, | Ukrainian Justice Party | 3 Labor Party, Liberal Party. | 4 Forward Ukraine Ukrainian Christian Democratic | Party, Party of Christian-Popular | Union | 5 Blok of Democratic Democratic Party of Ukraine, | Parties Party of Economic Revival of the | Krim --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A5013_1 >>> MOST SALIENT FACTORS IN ELECTION - 1ST A5013_2 >>> MOST SALIENT FACTORS IN ELECTION - 2ND A5013_3 >>> MOST SALIENT FACTORS IN ELECTION - 3RD A5013_4 >>> MOST SALIENT FACTORS IN ELECTION - 4TH A5013_5 >>> MOST SALIENT FACTORS IN ELECTION - 5TH --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QI.5.1 In your view, what are the five most salient factors that affected the outcome of the election (e.g. major scandals; economic events; the presence of an independent actor; specific issues)? .................................................................. 010. ECONOMIC FACTORS 011. INFLATION 012. UNEMPLOYMENT 013. JOB LOSS/CREATION 014. TAXES 015. ROBUST GROWTH/PROSPEROUS CONDITIONS 016. DECLINE 017. AGRICULTURAL REFORM 018. WORKER'S PROTECTION, RIGHTS 019. DEFICIT MAINTENANCE 020. EDUCATION 021. FUNDING 022. CLASSROOM ISSUES 023. POST-SECONDARY EDUCATION 030. HEALTH CARE 031. COSTS, INSURANCE ISSUES 032. PRESCRIPTION 033. QUALITY OF CARE, WAIT TIME 040. SOCIAL ISSUES 041. ABORTION 042. CRIME AND THE JUSTICE SYSTEM 043. HOMOSEXUAL RIGHTS 044. RELIGION AND THE STATE 045. WOMEN'S RIGHTS 046. FIREARM REGULATION 047. ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUE 048. POVERTY 049. THE AGED AND ELDERLY ISSUES 050. CAMPAIGNING 051. FINANCE 052. CORRUPTION 053. PRESENCE OF 'NEW' PARTY CANDIDATES 054. LEADERSHIP, "PERSONALIZATION" 055. PROMISES/TRUST OF LEADERSHIP 056. MEDIA ISSUES 057. PARTY PERFORMANCE 058. PARTY ALLIANCES, DYNAMICS, RE-ALIGNMENT 059. INTEREST GROUP ACTIVITIES 060. STATE AND REGIONAL DIFFERENCES 061. LOCAL OR REGIONAL ELECTION RESULTS 070. INTER-ETHNIC GROUP RELATIONS 071. SEPARATISM, SECESSIONISM 072. RACIAL TENSIONS 073. LANGUAGE ISSUES 074. IMMIGRATION AND REFUGEE ISSUES 080. SCANDALS 081. PARTY SCANDALS 082. CANDIDATE SCANDALS 083. INDEPENDENT ACTOR 090. NATIONALISM AND INTEGRATION 091. SUPPORT/OPPOSITION FOR EUROPEAN UNION 092. RELATIONS WITH THE UNITED STATES 100. NATION-BUILDING 101. CONSTITUTIONAL REFORM 102. VIOLATIONS OF CONSTITUTION (I.E. "THIRD TERM CANDIDATES") 103. BALANCE OF POWER ISSUES 104. ECONOMIC NATION-BUILDING 105. EMERGING PARTY SYSTEM 110. FOREIGN POLICY 111. RELATIONS WITH INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS 112. DEFENSE SPENDING 113. RELATIONS WITH NEIGHBORS 114. FREE TRADE 120. DOMESTIC UNREST 121. ACTS OF TERRORISM 122. DEVELOPING PARTY SYSTEM 130. NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 131. FISHERIES MANAGEMENT, RIGHTS, ETC. 999. MISSING --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A5014 >>> HEAD OF STATE --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QIII.A1. Who is the head of state? .................................................................. 1. PRESIDENT 2. MONARCH SERVES AS CEREMONIAL HEAD OF STATE | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - AUSTRALIA (1996): A5014-A5021 | | "Queen Elizabeth is the 'symbolic' head of state of Australia; | however, the Governor- General, who is appointed by the Queen | (on the recommendation of the Prime Minister) is the | constitutional head of state." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CZECH REPUBLIC (1996): A5014-A5021 | | The Head of State is elected by members of both legislative | chambers, by secret ballot. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GERMANY (1998): A5014-A5021 | | An electoral college elects the president. The members of the | lower chamber and an equal number of members of the state | parliaments compose the Electoral College. The president is | elected through a qualified majority. If this majority is not | reached after two rounds, then a simple majority elects the | president. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HONG KONG (1998): A5014-A5021 | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HONG KONG (2000): A5014-A5021 | | "Hong Kong is a Special Administrative Region of China, so the | President of China is the Head of State. Because of the "one | country, two systems" principle, Hong Kong has enjoyed high | autonomy in handling domestic affairs and has a local political | system which is different from the mainland China. For details, | please refer to Chapter 2 of the Basic Law." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ISRAEL (1996): A5014-A5021 | | The President is selected by the legislature, requiring a | "majority of the Knesset members (at least 61 members) for the | first two rounds; a simple majority from round three on." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - JAPAN (1996): A5014-A5021 | | There is no official head of state. Emperor Akihito fills the | post unofficially. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - LITHUANIA (1997): A5014-A5021 | | A presidential candidate is elected if, in the first round, | (s)he is supported by at least half of all votes cast. If less | than half of the registered voters vote, a candidate may be | elected with a simple plurality. | | If no candidate receives the required majority vote, then a | run-off round will be held within 2 weeks of the original | election date. Only the two candidates who received the top | proportions of the vote participate in this second round. A | simple majority wins the election. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A5015 >>> HEAD OF STATE - SELECTION --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QIIIA2. How is the head of state selected? .................................................................. 1. DIRECT ELECTION 2. INDIRECT ELECTION 3. BIRTH RIGHT 4. DIVINE RIGHT 5. OTHER | NOTES: A5015 | | Also see notes for variable A5014 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A5016 >>> HEAD OF STATE - PROCESS IF DIRECT ELECTION --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QIII.A2.a If by direct election, by what process? .................................................................. 1. PLURALITY ELECTION 2. RUN-OFF OR TWO-BALLOT SYSTEM 0. NOT APPLICABLE; HEAD OF STATE NOT SELECTED BY DIRECT ELECTION | NOTES: A5016 | | Also see notes for variable A5014 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A5017 >>> HEAD OF STATE - 1ST ROUND VICTORY --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QIII.A2.a.i. If by run-off system, what is the threshold for first-round victory? .................................................................. 1. ABSOLUTE MAJORITY 2. OTHER 0. NOT APPLICABLE; HEAD OF STATE NOT SELECTED BY RUN-OFF ELECTION | NOTES: A5017 | | Also see notes for variable A5014 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A5018 >>> HEAD OF STATE - ADVANCE TO 2ND ROUND --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QIII.A2.a.ii. If by run-off system, what is the threshold to advance to second round? .................................................................. 1. ALL CANDIDATES PROCEED, IF NONE WITH ABSOLUTE MAJORITY 2. TWO FRONT-RUNNERS ADVANCE, IF NEITHER WITH ABSOLUTE MAJORITY 0. NOT APPLICABLE; HEAD OF STATE NOT SELECTED BY RUN-OFF ELECTION | NOTES: A5018 | | Also see notes for variable A5014 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A5019 >>> HEAD OF STATE - 2ND ROUND VICTORY --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QIII.A2.a.iii. If by run-off system, what is the threshold for victory in the second round? .................................................................. 1. SIMPLE MAJORITY 2. ABSOLUTE MAJORITY 3. OTHER 0. NOT APPLICABLE; HEAD OF STATE NOT ELECTED BY RUN-OFF ELECTION | NOTES: A5019 | | Also see notes for variable A5014 | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - RUSSIA (1999): A5019 | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - RUSSIA (2000): A5019 | | A second round is held only if one candidate does not emerge | with over 50 percent of the vote. When a second round is held, | the victor has to beat not only the other frontrunner, but also | the "against all candidates" vote. In 2000, there was no need | for a second round since Putin received over 50 percent of the | vote. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - THAILAND (2001): A5019 | The King may name his own successor, usually a member of the | Royal family. If not, a successor may be determined by | Parliament. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A5020_1 >>> YEAR OF PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION - 1ST A5020_2 >>> YEAR OF PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION - 2ND --------------------------------------------------------------------------- If the presidential election was not held concurrently with the legislative election, the year of the presidential election prior to this legislative election is: .................................................................. 1900-2006. YEAR 0000. NOT APPLICABLE; HEAD OF STATE ELECTIONS HELD CONCURRENTLY | NOTES: A5020 | | Also see notes for variable A5014 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A5021 >>> PROCESS IF INDIRECT ELECTION --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QIII.A2.b. If by indirect election, by what process? .................................................................. 1. ELECTORAL COLLEGE 2. SELECTION BY THE LEGISLATURE 0. NOT APPLICABLE; HEAD OF STATE NOT INDIRECTLY ELECTED. | NOTES: A5021 | | Also see notes for variable A5014 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A5022 >>> HEAD OF GOVERNMENT --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QIII.B.1. Who is the Head of Government? .................................................................. 1. PRESIDENT 2. PRIME MINISTER (OR EQUIVALENT) 3. OTHER 9. MISSING | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - AUSTRALIA (1996): A5022-A5023 | | By convention, the Prime Minister is the leader of the party | with a majority of the seats in the House of Representatives; | that person and other ministers are formally "commissioned" by | the Governor-General under Section 64 of the Constitution. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HONG KONG (1998): A5022-A5023 | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HONG KONG (2000): A5022-A5023 | | The Chief Executive is the Head of Government. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - JAPAN (1996): A5022-A5023 | | The Japanese Head of Government, the Prime Minister, is | designated by the Diet, and appointed by the Emperor. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - RUSSIA (2000): A5022-A5023 | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - RUSSIA (2001): A5022-A5023 | | Under the majoritarian run-off rules, the two most competitive | candidates contest in a second round, provided that the most | popular candidate has received more votes than are cast in the | "against all" category. | | In the second round, the leading candidate must attain more | votes than are cast in the "against all" category in order to | be elected. | | If, as was the case in 2000, a candidate wins more than 50% of | the vote in the first round, a second round is not held. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SLOVENIA (1996): A5022-A5023 | | "If [the nomination made by the head of state is] not approved | in the first round, the legislature can nominate and appoint | the candidate." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SPAIN (1996): A5022-A5023 | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SPAIN (2000): A5022-A5023 | | "He is called President, but is elected by the legislature after | proposal by the Head of State." | | "The President is proposed to the legislature by the Head of | State, after consultations with all parties represented in | Parliament, but he is elected by the legislature (Congress)." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWITZERLAND (1999): A5022-A5023 | | The 'President of the Confederation' is elected by the Federal | Council, a position which rotates annually. | | The Federal Council is elected by the legislature. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A5023 >>> PRIME MINISTER SELECTION --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QIII.B.2. If the Head of Government is a prime minister, how is the prime minister selected? .................................................................. 1. APPOINTED BY THE HEAD OF STATE ALONE 2. APPOINTED BY THE LEGISLATURE ALONE 3. NOMINATED BY THE HEAD OF STATE, AND APPROVED BY THE LEGISLATURE 4. NOMINATED BY THE LEGISLATURE, AND APPROVED BY THE HEAD OF STATE 5. DIRECTLY ELECTED 6. OTHERS 0. NOT APPLICABLE; THE HEAD OF GOVERNMENT IS NOT A PRIME MINISTER | NOTES: A5023 | | Also see notes for variable A5022 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A5024 >>> NUMBER OF ELECTED LEGISLATIVE CHAMBERS --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Number of elected legislative chambers: .................................................................. 1. ONE ELECTED LEGISLATIVE CHAMBER; UNICAMERAL LEGISLATURE 2. TWO ELECTED LEGISLATIVE CHAMBERS; BICAMERAL LEGISLATURE | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CANADA (1997): A5024-A5031 | | Although the Canadian legislature is bicameral, members of the | upper house, the Senate, are appointed by the Prime Minister, | not elected. Because of this, the Canadian legislature is coded | '1' for A5024, and all variables pertaining to the upper house | are coded '0' for NOT APPLICABLE. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CHILE (1999): A5024-A5031 | | Voters choose from candidates on binomial party lists, for both | the upper and lower house of the legislature. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - DENMARK (1998): A5024-A5031 | | In Denmark, "Voters cast either one vote for a list, or one vote | for a candidate, but not both." For A5032, this was coded as 4 | "Open or Preferential List". | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GERMANY (1998): A5024-A5031 | | The 69 seats of the Federal Council are indirectly elected by | state governments in conjunction with state elections. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HONG KONG (1998): A5024-A5031 | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HONG KONG (2000): A5024-A5031 | | Independent candidates contest on lists of their own, or with | other non-partisan candidates. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HUNGARY (1998): A5024-A5031 | | "Votes that do not earn mandates at the regional level, and | seats that remain unallocated at the regional level are | transferred to a second round of seat allocation that occurs at | the national level. Votes cast for non-winning candidates in | the single-member districts in the first round of voting (or in | the run-off, if the turnout requirement was not met in the first | round, but was satisfied in the second round of voting) are also | added to these remainder votes that are cumulated by party at | the national level. Only those parties can participate in this | second round of seat allocation that (1) have a national party | list - which presumes that they had a list in at least eight | counties or six counties and the capital city -; and | (2) received at least 5 per cent of all votes for regional | party lists nationally. The d'Hondt highest average method is | used to allocate seats between national party lists." | | "The number of seats allocated at the national level is 58 plus | the number of seats that remain unallocated in the regional | multimember districts." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - JAPAN (1996): A5024-A5031 | | "On the ballots, (s)he needs to write the actual name of the | candidate from the candidate list for the SM district and the | party name out of a party list." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - MEXICO (1997): A5024-A5031 | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - MEXICO (2000): A5024-A5031 | | "Voters are provided with a single ballot in elections for | federal deputies. They vote by marking the box that contains | the logo of the party and the name of its candidate for deputy | of the specific single-member district in which the voter is | registered. The lists of 40 candidates that each party presents | for the multimember district (circunscripcion) is provided in | the voting station." | | "The vote cast for the party's candidate to the single-member | district also counts for the allocation of the 40 seats disputed | in each of the five larger multi-member district | (circunscripcion). Voters are not allowed to split their vote. | In fact, the same vote is subject to double counting that | produces two-seat relevant vote totals. The first vote total | determines who wins the plurality in the single-member district. | The second serves to allocate seats in the circunscripcion." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PERU (2000): A5024-A5031 | | Voters vote for a party list, and in addition can identify two | candidates as a preferential vote for members of that list. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PERU (2001): A5024-A5031 | | In 2001, members of Congress were elected by a simple majority | in geographical constituencies. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SLOVENIA (1996): A5024-A5031 | | "Because members of Italian and Hungarian indigenous ethnic | communities also live in Slovenia, under the Constitution these | communities are entitled to 2 deputy seats, one seat for each | community. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A5025_1 >>> ELECTORAL SEGMENTS - LOWER HOUSE A5025_2 >>> ELECTORAL SEGMENTS - UPPER HOUSE --------------------------------------------------------------------------- In some electoral systems, there are electoral districts that are geographically nested but not otherwise related for purposes of seat allocation. In Lithuania, for example, there are 71 single- member districts that operate under a majority runoff system, and also a single nation-wide district that operates under proportional representation (the largest remainders method with the Hare quota). Neither votes nor seats from the single-member districts transfer to the nationwide district, however. The two processes are entirely independent (with voters having one vote in each district). In this case, the nationwide district, although it contains the 71 single-member districts, is not considered to be secondary. It is primary. One might say that there are two segments to the electoral system in such cases. QII.A.1.1 How many segments (as just defined) are there in the electoral system? .................................................................. 1-6. NUMBER OF SEGMENTS 9. MISSING 0. NOT APPLICABLE (I.E. NO [LOWER/UPPER] HOUSE) | NOTES: A5025 | | Also see notes for variable A5024. | | In some systems there are some seats reserved to be allocated in | such a way that corrects for discrepancies between the | proportion of votes a party receives and their share of the | seats in the legislature (i.e. a "corrective tier"). Because the | allocation of seats in a corrective tier is not independent of | the distribution of votes in a particular segment- in fact, it | is this distribution that determines the allocation of seats in | the corrective tier- the presence of corrective tiers has no | bearing on the number of electoral segments. Only those | characteristics of directly elected tiers are reported in these | data. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BELGIUM-FLANDERS (1999): A5025-A5030 | | There are 3 segments in Upper House elections. Of the 71 | members of the upper house, 40 are directly elected, 21 are | designated by community senators, and 10 are appointed by the | elected senators. The 40 members are directly elected in 3 | multimember districts and seats are proportionately allocated | using the D'Hondt formula. The number of seats available to | community and co-opted senators are contigent upon the outcome | in this first round. They are then indirectly elected. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BELGIUM-WALLOON (1999): A5025-A5030 | | There are 3 segments in Upper House elections. Of the 71 | members of the upper house, 40 are directly elected, 21 are | designated by community senators, and 10 are appointed by the | elected senators. The 40 members are directly elected in 3 | multimember districts and seats are proportionately allocated | using the D'Hondt formula. The number of seats available to | community and co-opted senators are contingent upon the outcome | in this first round. They are then indirectly elected. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HONG KONG (1998): A5025-A5030 | | It may be said that there are three electoral segments. In the | first segment, 20 seats are allocated by PR (largest remainder; | Hare) among 5 districts with an average magnitude of 4. In the | second segment, 30 seats are distributed among 28 professional | groups (Labour receives 3 seats, each remaining group receives | 1), each with their own way of determining who will hold a seat | as their representative (some use majority run-off and others | employ plurality). In the third segment, the remaining 10 seats | are elected by the 800 member Election Committee, consisting of | members of local councils, religious representatives, and | Congress members from mainland China. Each member casts 10 | votes, and the 10 candidates receiving the most votes are | elected. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HONG KONG (2000): A5025 | | In the first segment, the number of seats allocated by PR was | increased from 20 in the 1998 election to 24 in the 2000 | election. In the 3rd segment, the number of seats elected by | the Election Committee was decreased from 10 in the 1998 | election to 6 in the 2000 election. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - TAIWAN (1996): A5025-A5030 | | There are 225 seats and 2 electoral segments in the Legislative | Yuan: 168 directly elected, 41 distributed according to | proportion of nationwide vote. There are also 8 represent | overseas constituencies, and 8 represent aboriginal | constituencies. | | There are 2 electoral segments with 234 seats elected by SNTV | from 58 multi-member constituencies (with 2 to 10 seats), 80 and | 20 seats allocated by PR with a 5% threshold from a nationwide | and overseas constituencies respectively according to party list | vote. It is important to note that although the National | Assembly has been coded as having two segments, Taiwanese voters | only cast one SNTV vote with the PR seats allocated by the | Niemeyer method based on an aggregation of candidates belonging | to the same party across districts. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A5026_1 >>> PRIMARY DISTRICTS - LOWER - 1ST SEGMENT A5026_2 >>> PRIMARY DISTRICTS - LOWER - 2ND SEGMENT A5026_3 >>> PRIMARY DISTRICTS - UPPER - 1ST SEGMENT A5026_4 >>> PRIMARY DISTRICTS - UPPER - 2ND SEGMENT --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QII.A.2.1.1. How many primary electoral districts are there? .................................................................. 001-900. NUMBER OF PRIMARY ELECTORAL DISTRICTS 000. NOT APPLICABLE (NO [FIRST/SECOND] SEGMENT AND/OR NO [LOWER/UPPER] HOUSE) | NOTES: A5026 | | Also see notes for variable A5024. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A5027_1 >>> NUMBER OF SEATS - LOWER - 1ST SEGMENT A5027_2 >>> NUMBER OF SEATS - LOWER - 2ND SEGMENT A5027_3 >>> NUMBER OF SEATS - UPPER - 1ST SEGMENT A5027_4 >>> NUMBER OF SEATS - UPPER - 2ND SEGMENT --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total number of seats elected in the [first/second] segment of the [lower/upper] house: .................................................................. 001-996. NUMBER OF SEATS 999. MISSING 000. NOT APPLICABLE (NO [FIRST/SECOND] SEGMENT AND/OR NO [LOWER/UPPER] HOUSE) | NOTES: A5027 | | Also see notes for variable A5024. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A5028_1 >>> DISTRICT MAGNITUDE - LOWER - 1ST SEGMENT A5028_2 >>> DISTRICT MAGNITUDE - LOWER - 2ND SEGMENT A5028_3 >>> DISTRICT MAGNITUDE - UPPER - 1ST SEGMENT A5028_4 >>> DISTRICT MAGNITUDE - UPPER - 2ND SEGMENT --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QII.A.3.1.1. For each primary electoral district, how many members are elected from that district? .................................................................. 001-900. NUMBER OF SEATS ELECTED PER DISTRICT 000. NOT APPLICABLE (NO [FIRST/SECOND] SEGMENT AND/OR NO [LOWER/UPPER] HOUSE) | NOTES: A5028 | | Also see notes for variable A5024. | | If district magnitude varies by district, an average district | magnitude is reported. This was calculated: total number of | seats/number of districts. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A5029_1 >>> SECONDARY DISTRICTS - LOWER - 1ST SEGMENT A5029_2 >>> SECONDARY DISTRICTS - LOWER - 2ND SEGMENT A5029_3 >>> SECONDARY DISTRICTS - UPPER - 1ST SEGMENT A5029_4 >>> SECONDARY DISTRICTS - UPPER - 2ND SEGMENT --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QII.A.4.1.1. How many secondary electoral districts are there? .................................................................. 001-900. NUMBER OF SECONDARY ELECTORAL DISTRICTS 000. NOT APPLICABLE; NO [LOWER/UPPER] HOUSE OR NO SECONDARY SEGMENT OR NO SECONDARY ELECTORAL DISTRICTS | NOTES: A5029 | | Also see notes for variable A5024. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A5030_1 >>> TERTIARY DISTRICTS - LOWER - 1ST SEGMENT A5030_2 >>> TERTIARY DISTRICTS - LOWER - 2ND SEGMENT A5030_3 >>> TERTIARY DISTRICTS - UPPER - 1ST SEGMENT A5030_4 >>> TERTIARY DISTRICTS - UPPER - 2ND SEGMENT --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QII.A.5.1.1 How many tertiary electoral districts are there? .................................................................. 001-900. NUMBER OF TERTIARY ELECTORAL DISTRICTS 000. NOT APPLICABLE; NO [LOWER/UPPER] HOUSE OR NO SECOND TERTIARY OR NO TERTIARY ELECTORAL DISTRICTS | NOTES: A5030 | | Also see notes for variable A5024. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A5031 >>> COMPULSORY VOTING --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Is voting compulsory? .................................................................. 1. YES; STRICTLY ENFORCED SANCTIONS 2. YES; WEAKLY ENFORCED SANCTIONS 3. YES; LIMITED ENFORCEMENT 4. YES; WITHOUT SANCTION FOR VIOLATION 5. NO 9. MISSING | NOTES: A5031 | | Source for idea was "Compulsory Voting" at web page URL | "http://www.idea.int/voter_turnout/compulsory_voting.htm". | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWITZERLAND (1999): A5031 | | Voting is compulsory in only a single district (Schaffhausen, | A2027=14), i.e., applies to about 1% of the Swiss population, | where those abstaining without a justifiable reason are subject | to a small fine. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A5032_1 >>> VOTES CAST - LOWER - 1ST SEGMENT A5032_2 >>> VOTES CAST - LOWER - 2ND SEGMENT A5032_3 >>> VOTES CAST - UPPER - 1ST SEGMENT A5032_4 >>> VOTES CAST - UPPER - 2ND SEGMENT --------------------------------------------------------------------------- How many votes do they or can they cast? .................................................................. 01-90. NUMBER OF VOTES 91. OTHER 00. NOT APPLICABLE | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWITZERLAND (1999): A5032_1 | | All Switzerland cases for this variable have been coded "91" | for the following reason. | Voters can cast as many votes as there are seats in their | districts (1 to 34; see A4001). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWITZERLAND (1999): A5032_3 | | All Switzerland cases for this variable have been coded "91" | for the following reason. | Voters can cast one or two votes, depending on whether their | district is a canton or a so-called half-canton. Cantons are | represented by two councilors each in the upper house, and | voters have two votes, accordingly. Half cantons elect a single | representative, and voters can therefore cast only one vote. | Half-cantons are Obwalden (A2027=6), Nidwalden (7), Basle-Town | (12), Basle-Country (13), Appenzell Outer-Rhodes (15) and | Appenzell Inner-Rhodes (16). --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A5033_1 >>> VOTING PROCEDURE - LOWER - 1ST SEGMENT A5033_2 >>> VOTING PROCEDURE - LOWER - 2ND SEGMENT A5033_3 >>> VOTING PROCEDURE - UPPER - 1ST SEGMENT A5033_4 >>> VOTING PROCEDURE - UPPER - 2ND SEGMENT --------------------------------------------------------------------------- With each vote allocated in this segment, voters select: .................................................................. 1. SINGLE CANDIDATE 2. SINGLE CANDIDATE, WITH ALTERNATIVES 3. CLOSED PARTY LIST 4. PREFERENTIAL OR "OPEN" PARTY LIST 5. OTHER [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 0. NOT APPLICABLE | NOTES: A5033 | | These variables draw on information reported in questionnaire | items QII.B.6B., QII.B7., QII.B8., and QII.C11. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CANADA (1997): A5033 | | Although the Canadian legislature is bicameral, members of the | upper house, the Senate, are appointed by the Prime Minister, | not elected. Because of this, the Canadian legislature is coded | '1' for A5024, and all variables pertaining to the upper | house are coded '0' for NA. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CHILE (1999): A5033 | | Voters choose from candidates on binomial party lists (two | candidates in each list), for both the upper and lower house | of the legislature. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - DENMARK (1998): A5033 | | In Denmark, "Voters cast either one vote for a list, or one vote | for a candidate, but not both." For A5032, this was coded as 4 | "Open or Preferential List" (in accordance with Blais and | Masicotte 1996:55). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - GERMANY (1998): A5033 | | The 69 seats of the Federal Council are indirectly elected by | state governments in conjunction with state elections. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HONG KONG (1997): A5033 | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HONG KONG (2000): A5033 | | Independent candidates contest on lists of their own, or with | other non-partisan candidates. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HUNGARY (1998): A5033 | | "Votes that do not earn mandates at the regional level, and | seats that remain unallocated at the regional level are | transferred to a second round of seat allocation that occurs at | the national level. Votes cast for non-winning candidates in | the single-member districts in the first round of voting (or in | the run-off, if the turnout requirement was not met in the first | round, but was satisfied in the second round of voting) are also | added to these remainder votes that are cumulated by party at | the national level. Only those parties can participate in this | second round of seat allocation that (1) have a national party | list - which presumes that they had a list in at least eight | counties or six counties and the capital city-; and (2) | received at least 5 per cent of all votes for regional party | lists nationally. The d'Hondt highest average method is used to | allocate seats between national party lists." | | "The number of seats allocated at the national level is 58 plus | the number of seats that remain unallocated in the regional | multimember districts." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - JAPAN (1996): A5033 | | "On the ballots, (s)he needs to write the actual name of the | candidate from the candidate list for the SM district and the | party name out of a party list." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - MEXICO (1997): A5033 | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - MEXICO (2000): A5033 | | "Voters are provided with a single ballot in elections for | federal deputies. They vote by marking the box that contains | the logo of the party and the name of its candidate for deputy | of the specific single-member district in which the voter is | registered. The lists of 40 candidates that each party presents | for the multimember district (circunscripcion) is provided in | the voting station." | | "The vote cast for the party's candidate to the single-member | district also counts for the allocation of the 40 seats disputed | in each of the five larger multi-member district | (circunscripcion). Voters are not allowed to split their vote. | In fact, the same vote is subject to double counting that | produces two-seat relevant vote totals. The first vote total | determines who wins the plurality in the single-member district. | The second serves to allocate seats in the circunscripcion." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NETHERLANDS (1998): A5033 | | The 75 member Upper House is indirectly elected by the nation's | 12 provincial councils. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PERU (2000): A5033 | | Voters vote for a party list, and in addition can identify two | candidates as a preferential vote for members of that list. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PERU (2001): A5033 | | In 2001, members of Congress were elected by a simple majority | in geographical constituencies. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SLOVENIA (1996): A5033 | | "Because members of Italian and Hungarian indigenous ethnic | communities also live in Slovenia, under the Constitution these | communities are entitled to 2 deputy seats, one seat for each | community. | | The State Council consists of 40 councilors, elected for a five | year term. 22 are elected by local governments; 18 are elected | by economic groups (6 by non-profits; 4 by employers; 4 by | employees; 4 by farmers, small businesses and professionals. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A5034_1 >>> ELECTORAL FORMULA - LOWER - 1ST SEGMENT A5034_2 >>> ELECTORAL FORMULA - LOWER - 2ND SEGMENT A5034_3 >>> ELECTORAL FORMULA - UPPER - 1ST SEGMENT A5034_4 >>> ELECTORAL FORMULA - UPPER - 2ND SEGMENT --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QII.C.10B.1.1. What electoral formula(e) are used? .................................................................. 10. PLURALITY 11. PLURALITY - SINGLE MEMBER DISTRICTS 12. PLURALITY - MULTI MEMBER DISTRICTS 20. MAJORITY 21. MAJORITY - RUN-OFF 22. MAJORITY - ALTERNATIVE 30. PROPORTIONAL REPRESENTATION 31. PR - D'HONDT 32. PR - LARGEST REMAINDER - DROOP 33. PR - LARGEST REMAINDER - HARE 34. PR - STE-LAGUE 98. OTHER [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 00. NOT APPLICABLE | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CHILE (1999): A5034 | | Members of both houses are elected through binomial party lists | in two-member districts. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - DENMARK (1998): A5034 | | "In Denmark it does not matter much [that there is a second | segment] as there are supplementary mandates to ensure strict | proportional representation." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HUNGARY (1998): A5034 | | "In the single-member districts, an absolute majority is | required in the first round. If there is no such candidate, but | the 50 per cent turnout requirement was satisfied, then a | run-off is called between the candidates who received at least | 15 per cent of all valid votes, but at least the top three | candidates. If the turnout requirement was not met in the first | round, then all candidates who stood for election in the first | round may run again in the second round. Candidates can | withdraw from the race between the two rounds. In the second | round, the candidate with the greatest number of votes is | elected - provided that the turnout was 25 per cent or more. It | may happen (but never has happened yet) that insufficient | turnout in both rounds of the election leaves a single-member | district without a representative in parliament. In this case, | a by-election is called in the district." | | "In the twenty multimember districts, the Hagenbach-Bischoff | quota is used to allocate seats between those parties that | received at least 5 per cent of all votes cast for regional | party lists nationally. If there are more seats to be allocated | than as many full quotas were obtained by parties in the | multimember district in question, then less than a full quota - | but at least 2/3 of the full quota is enough to earn a seat." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ISRAEL (1996): A5034 | | "Hagenbach-Bishopf version of the d'Hondt system." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - MEXICO (1997): A5034 | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - MEXICO (2000): A5034 | | "The five multimember districts or circunscripciones elect 40 | members each through proportional representation. | Circunscripciones and single-member districts are geographically | overlapping. Each circunscripcion encompasses a similar number | of districts. To allocate multimember seats the vote cast in | single-member districts is added up to calculate new totals at | the circunscripcion level. Two systems are employed to accord | seats to political parties. Firstly, a quotient is calculated by | dividing the total number of votes in the circunscripcion | between 40. The quotient represent the number of votes a party | must gather in order to gain one multimember seat in the | circunscripcion. Secondly, once parties have been granted seats | according to the quotient system, if there are any seats left | they will be apportioned to the parties that have the largest | remaining vote. The remaining vote is a portion of the quotient | that is left after dividing the party's vote cast by the | quotient." | | "Parties that did not pass the electoral threshold (two percent | of the national vote) are excluded from the calculations at | circunscripcion level. This means that vote totals at the | circunscripcion level are re-calculated without taking these | parties into account. Also, the Constitution provides that the | majority party's percentage of seats in the Chamber of Deputies | cannot exceed by more than eight percentage points its share of | the national vote cast. This works in practice as a limit to the | total number of proportional representation seats that the | majority party can attain." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NEW ZEALAND (1996): A5034 | | "Electorate seats are "topped up" from party lists based on | share of the party list vote." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SOUTH KOREA (2000): A5034 | | "For 227 primary districts, one seat is given to the candidate | who has received the simple plurality vote in each district, and | for the secondary district, a total of 46 seats are distributed | to political parties in proportion to each party's share of the | valid nation-wide votes." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWEDEN (1998): A5034 | | Although there is only one elected segment in the Swedish | electoral system, there is a corrective tier whereby 49 seats | are distributed according to national vote returns between | parties to realize proportionality. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWITZERLAND (1999): A5034_1 | | "Proportional representation election system in all cantons | with more than 1 seat according the Hagenbach-Bischoff System. | Single-member-districts (OW, NW, UR, GL, AI, and AR from 2003) | have a Majority voting system (simple Majority required). | Hagenbach-Bischoff System: Proportional Representation system | based on the highest Average concept. Involves the combination | of a quota and a divisor system. Two stage process where | candidates receiving a quota are elected first and any remaining | seats are determined by a divisor system (d'Hondt). | Note that PR formally applies to all the districts in lower | house (National Council) elections, but PR elections congeal to | de facto plurality in single member districts. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWITZERLAND (2003): A5034_3 | | The seats are assigned in majority run-off elections, with two | exceptions. Canton Jura uses d'Hondt PR formula, while Upper | House elections in Appenzell Inner-Rhodes (AI) are held at the | Landsgemeinde, an annual assembly of all citizens. The | electoral formula may most properly be described as plurality | (citizens simply raise their hands for one candidate, vote | shares are roughly estimated rather than counted, no qualified | majority is needed). "There are different ways to calculate the | absolute majority. In the cantons LU, UR, SZ, FR, AR, SG, AG, | TG, VD, VS, NE, JU - on the base of all valid votes, | often minus blank votes: | (Total valid votes shared by 2) + 1 = the absolute majority. | Candidates have to get more than 50% of all votes to be elected | in the first run. In the second run (usually a few weeks later) | the simple majority is enough. In ZH, BE, GL. ZG, SO, BL, SH: | based of the votes for candidates: total votes for candidates | divided by the amount seats to provide, and then divided by | 2 = Majority. In those cases the majority is usually under 50%. | In Graubunden (GR): the total of the votes for candidates is | divided by the amount of seats to provide + 1. The result + 1 is | the absolute majority. In GE a simple Majority of 33.33% is | enough to be elected." --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A5035_1 >>> PARTY THRESHOLD - LOWER - 1ST SEGMENT A5035_2 >>> PARTY THRESHOLD - LOWER - 2ND SEGMENT A5035_3 >>> PARTY THRESHOLD - UPPER - 1ST SEGMENT A5035_4 >>> PARTY THRESHOLD - UPPER - 2ND SEGMENT --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QII.ClO.A.1.1. Are there legally mandated thresholds that a party must exceed before it is eligible to receive seats? If so, what is the threshold? (percentage of vote) .................................................................. 00. THERE IS NO THRESHOLD 01-95. A PARTY MUST RECEIVE THIS PERCENT (1% TO 95%) OF THE POPULAR VOTE IN ORDER TO BE ELIGIBLE FOR SEATS 97. OTHER THRESHOLD [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 98. NOT APPLICABLE 99. MISSING | NOTES: A5035 | | In some plurality systems, a threshold is established for a | declaration of "official party status" rather than for the | acquisition of seats in the legislature. Usually, these | thresholds are a certain number of seats, rather than a | percentage of the popular vote. For countries in which this is | the case, this variable was coded 97. 'NA'. | | See also notes for A5033-A5034 | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CHILE (1999): A5034-A5035 | | "Party must obtain 5% in the last election to participate in the | next election." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - DENMARK (1998): A5034-A5035 | | There is a national threshold of 2%, or at least one candidate | must be elected in a local electoral district, or the number of | votes in two out of three major regions must be equivalent to | the average number of votes needed for an electoral district | mandate in that region. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HUNGARY (1998): A5034-A5035 | | "In the twenty multimember districts, the Hagenbach-Bischoff | quota is used to allocate seats between those parties that | received at least 5 per cent of all votes cast for regional | party lists nationally. If there are more seats to be allocated | than as many full quotas were obtained by parties in the | multimember district in question, then less than a full quota - | but at least 2/3 of the full quota is enough to earn a seat." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - JAPAN (1996): A5034-A5035 | | "For SM districts, one needs to receive more than 1/6 (16.7%) of | the total votes to be elected." | | "For PR districts, first, the total number of valid votes in a | district is divided by the district size. Then one needs to | receive more than 1/6 of that quotient to be elected." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - MEXICO (1997): A5034-A5035 | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - MEXICO (2000): A5034-A5035 | | "Parties that did not pass the electoral threshold (two percent | of the national vote) are excluded from the calculations at | circunscripcion level. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SOUTH KOREA (2000): A5034-A5035 | | "3%-5%: one seat; 5% and above: proportional." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWEDEN (1998): A5034-A5035 | | To participate in the allocation of seats at the district level, | parties must receive at least 12% of the vote in that | constituency. To participate in the allocation of the seats at | the national level, parties must be supported by at least 4 per | cent of the national popular vote. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWITZERLAND (1999): A5035_1 | | There are no legal thresholds at the national level. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWITZERLAND (1999): A5034-A5035 | | Thresholds are established at the district level: Fribourg: | 7.5%; Basel-Stadt: 5%; Aragau: Quorum; Ticino: Quoum; Vaud: 5%; | Valais: 8%; Neuchatel: 10%; Geneve: 7%. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWITZERLAND (1999): A5035_1 | | There are no legal thresholds at the national level. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A5036 >>> CAN PARTIES RUN JOINT LISTS --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QII.D.12A. Can parties run joint lists? .................................................................. 1. YES 5. NO 9. MISSING | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HUNGARY (1998): A5036 | | "For instance, in the 1998 election, the FKGP and the Fidesz-MPP | mutually withdrew their candidates from the second round of | voting in the single member districts if the candidate of the | other party obtained more votes in the first round." | | "Some smaller parties sometimes agree not to run their own | candidates/lists in the election in exchange for having some of | their political candidates nominated by a bigger party. In | 1998, this arrangement was the basis of an agreement between | Fidesz-MPP and MKDSZ (the "Hungarian Democratic Alliance"). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - MEXICO (1997): A5036 | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - MEXICO (2000): A5036 | | "Political parties can form alliances in all Federal elections. | The three possibilities are: | | A. Two or more parties can nominate the same presidential | candidate only if they also agree on a single slate of | legislative candidates (in the Chamber of Deputies and in the | Senate, both single-member and multi-member districts | candidates). | | B. Two or more parties can produce a single list of candidates | for the 200 proportional representation seats in the Chamber of | Deputies and the 32 proportional seats in the Senate (5 regional | multi-member districts in the case of the Chamber of Deputies | and one national multi-member district in the case of the | Senate), only if they agree on the same slate of candidates for | the 300 simple majority deputies and the 32 three-member | federal districts for the Senate. | | C. Two or more parties can form a partial alliance to nominate | candidates running for the Chamber of Deputies in single-member | districts if the number of common candidates postulated is | between 33 and 100, otherwise the parties must commit to a total | alliance. In the case of the Senate, two or more parties can | form a partial alliance to nominate candidates of simple | majority if the number of common candidates postulated is | between 6 and 20, otherwise the parties involved must commit to | a total alliance including all the legislative formulas." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - NEW ZEALAND (1996): A5036 | | "Apparentment not possible in the strict legal sense used in | other countries where it is a kind of temporary combination | recognized by law. The only thing that comes close in NZ is the | umbrella party/component party arrangement (e.g. the Alliance, | Christian Coalition) but the umbrella party has to be registered | in its own right in order to nominate a list. Although the | Christian Coalition no longer exists as a political party, from | memory there was a hint of something like apparentement in its | respective component parties in Parliament after the election." | | "... the only kind of joint lists are those of an umbrella | party. Because such a party has to be registered in its own | right, all the rules applicable to any registered party also | apply to it, e.g. candidate selection, financial disclosure. | However an electorate seat won by an electorate candidate | standing under the name of a component party counts for the | umbrella party for the purpose of crossing the threshold." | | "Although [it is uncertain whether] it has been tested, an | electorate's party name on the ballot paper could possibly | reflect multi-party endorsement, e.g. it would be possible for | an electorate candidate for an umbrella party to have a party | name that combined the names of the umbrella party and the | component party (e.g. Alliance/Democrat). Indeed, a component | party could apply for registration in its own right with a party | name or abbreviation in that form (again, however, none has ever | done so which makes this rather speculative). But there is no | requirement that a component party be registered, so an | electorate candidate for an unregistered component party who | wanted a party name in that form could state it on the | nomination paper and it would be up to the Returning Officer and | the Chief Electoral Officer to decide as to whether it would be | accepted." | | "Note too that the law does not allow a person to be a | candidate on more than one party list at a general election, or | to be a candidate for more than one electorate." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PERU (2000): A5036 | | "Alliances must present a single slate both for the executive | and for congress." Joint lists must be recognized as an | alliance by the National Elections Board. | | As a result, only the name of the alliance appeared on the | ballot. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - POLAND (1997): A5036 | | Though parties only need to gain 5% of the popular vote to | receive seats, coalitions require the support of 8% of the | popular vote to receive seats. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SLOVENIA (1996): A5036 | | Under certain conditions, parties may ally themselves in | pre-electoral coalitions. However, member parties must | present a common list of candidates, under a single party | name. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SOUTH KOREA (2000): A5036 | | "There is no legal stipulation or regulation on electoral | alliance, and political parties may form an alliance as needs | arise." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SPAIN (1998): A5036 | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SPAIN (2000): A5036 | | There is "not usually" apparentement or linking of lists in | legislative elections "but more frequently in European Elections | when all the country is one district." | | "Alliances may be establish through presentation of joint | (common) list at the district level to the National Election | Board, several weeks before election day. In fact, the new | joint list is like if it were the list of a party, because the | number of candidates must be the same as the number seats to be | elected in the district, and the must also be rank ordered." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - UKRAINE (1998): A5036 | | "There are no lists but [there is] coordination of activity in | different electoral districts." --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A5037 >>> REQUIREMENTS FOR JOINT PARTY LISTS --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QII.D.13. If joint lists are possible, are they subject to different regulations than single-party lists? For example higher thresholds, different numbers of candidates that may appear on the list, etc. .................................................................. 1. YES, JOINT PARTY LISTS MUST SATISFY HIGHER THRESHOLDS TO RECEIVE SEATS IN THE LEGISLATURE 2. YES, JOINT PARTY LISTS MAY PRESENT DIFFERENT NUMBERS OF CANDIDATES 3. YES, JOINT PARTY LISTS ARE SUBJECT TO OTHER REGULATIONS THAT ARE DIFFERENT FROM THE REGULATIONS GOVERNING INDEPENDENT PARTIES 5. NO, JOINT PARTIES ARE GOVERNED BY THE SAME RULES AS OTHER PARTIES 9. MISSING 0. NOT APPLICABLE; NO JOINT PARTY LISTS ARE ALLOWED | NOTES: A5037 | | Please also refer to notes for variable A5036. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A5038 >>> THE POSSIBILITY OF APPARENTEMENT --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QII.D.12A. Is there apparentement or linking of party lists? .................................................................. 1. YES 5. NO 9. MISSING | NOTES: A5038 | | Please also refer to notes for variable A5036. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A5039 >>> TYPES OF APPARENTEMENT AGREEMENTS --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QII.D.14. If apparentement is possible, what lists can participate in such agreements? .................................................................. 1. LISTS OF THE SAME AND/OR DIFFERENT PARTIES IN THE SAME CONSTITUENCY 2. LISTS OF THE SAME PARTY FROM DIFFERENT CONSTITUENCIES 9. MISSING 0. NOT APPLICABLE; NO APPARENTEMENT | NOTES: A5039 | | Please also refer to notes for variable A5036. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A5040 >>> MULTI-PARTY ENDORSEMENTS --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QII.D.12C. Can candidates run with the endorsement of more than one party? .................................................................. 1. YES 5. NO 9. MISSING | NOTES: A5040 | | Please also refer to notes for variable A5036. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A5041 >>> MULTI-PARTY ENDORSEMENTS ON BALLOT --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QII.D.15. If candidates can run with the endorsement of more than one party, is this reflected on the ballot? .................................................................. 1. YES, WITH ONE APPEARANCE OF CANDIDATE NAME FOR MULTIPLE PARTIES 2. YES, WITH NAME OF CANDIDATE APPEARING FOR EVERY PARTY ENDORSING 3. YES, OTHER [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 5. NO PARTY AFFILIATIONS LISTED ON BALLOT 9. MISSING 0. NOT APPLICABLE | NOTES: A5041 | | Please also refer to notes for variable A5036. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A5042 >>> ALLY PARTY SUPPORT --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QII.D.12D. Can parties withdraw their lists or candidates in some constituencies, urging their supporters there to vote for an ally's list or candidate? .................................................................. 1. YES 5. NO 9. MISSING | NOTES: A5042 | | Please also refer to notes for variable A5036. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWITZERLAND (1999): A5042 | | In the Upper House elections, in some cases parties refrain from | running candidate(s) already on first ballots. In other cases | parties withdraw their candidacies in run-offs. Strategic | coordination between parties is not limited to Upper House | elections alone. Especially in Lower House single-member | districts (SMDs) it is quite common that parties fraternally | divide upper and lower house seat(s) among them before the | election, so that elections are either 'mock' elections (i.e. no | prosperous rival candidates), or, in case of perfect | coordination, 'tacit' elections (i.e. no rival candidates at | all, and thus, no election is held). The latter happened at the | 1999 lower house elections and at the 2003 upper house elections | in Obwalden. The former occurred, for example, at the 1999 | lower house elections in Uri, Glarus, Nidwalden, and Appenzell | Inner-Rhodes, and at the 2003 lower house elections in the | mentioned districts plus Obwalden. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A5043 >>> HEAD OF STATE - INTRODUCE LEGISLATION --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QIII.A.3A. Does the head of state have power of introduce legislation? .................................................................. 1. YES 5. NO 9. MISSING | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - AUSTRALIA (1996): A5043 | | "Although the Australian constitution gives considerable | legislative and executive power to the Governor-General (e.g. to | dissolve parliament, or refuse its laws, dismiss ministers, and | as commander in chief of the armed forces), by convention he | acts on advice of the Prime Minister." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HONG KONG (1998): A5043 | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HONG KONG (2000): A5043 | | It is unclear what limitations there are on the powers of | President of China, with regards to executive authority in Hong | Kong. Therefore, these items are reported as missing data. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HUNGARY (1998): A5043 | | "Parliament is obliged to treat presidential bills like any | others - except that it is obliged to deliberate on it." | | "Repeated deliberation in Parliament with the same majority as | in any other case." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PERU (2000): A5043 | | "The president may not be delegated the power to legislate | on the following matters: constitutional reform, ratification of | international treaties, organic laws, approval of the budget | law, and the general account law of the Republic (Art. 104, | Art. 101.4)." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - RUSSIA (1999): A5043 | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - RUSSIA (2000): A5043 | | The president may legislate by decree, as described in the | Constitution. However, these decrees may not contravene the | Constitution or existing federal laws. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SLOVENIA (1996): A5043 | | "The head of state can promote legal regulation with the | legislative power." --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A5044 >>> HEAD OF STATE - EXPEDITED ACTION --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QIII.A.3B. Does the Head of State have power to require expedited action on specific legislation? If yes, what is the default if the legislature takes no action? .................................................................. 1. YES [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 5. NO 9. MISSING | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PERU (2000): A5044 | | (1) "In the case of the budget, if the legislature does not act | by 30 November, the President's proposed budget goes into effect | (Art. 80, 1993 Constitution)." --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A5045 >>> HEAD OF STATE - PACKAGE VETO --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QIII.A.3C. Does the Head of State have package veto powers? If yes, what is the requirement to override the veto? .................................................................. 1. YES [SEE NOTES FOR VARIABLE A5043 FOR THE OVERRIDE REQUIREMENTS] 5. NO 9. MISSING | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BELARUS (2001): A5045 | | Regarding package veto powers: "If the President does not agree | with the text of the bill, he shall return it together with his | objections to the House of Representatives, which shall consider | it with the President's objections within thirty days. If the | bill has been adopted by the House of Representatives by no less | than two-thirds of its full composition, it together with the | President's objections and within five days shall be submitted | to the Council of the Republic, which shall consider it for a | second hearing within twenty days. The bill shall be deemed to | have been approved if no less than two-thirds of the full | composition of the Council of the Republic has voted for it. The | bill, after the House of Representatives and the Council of the | Republic have overrun the President's objections, shall be | signed by the President within five days. The bill shall become | a law even if it is not signed by the President within the | assigned time." Article 100 of Constitution of the Republic of | Belarus. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CZECH REPUBLIC (1996): A5045 | | The President may exercise package veto powers "except | constitutional laws." | | The President's package veto may be overridden by a 3/5 majority | of all legislators. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - MEXICO (1997): A5045 | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - MEXICO (2000): A5045 | | A presidential veto can be overridden if a two thirds | majority in both the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate is | obtained. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PERU (2000): A5045 | | "Congress can override a presidential veto with the vote | of an absolute majority of its legally constituted members." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - POLAND (1997): A5045 | | To override a presidential veto, 2/3 of the Sejm (lower house) | must support the override. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - RUSSIA (1999): A5045 | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - RUSSIA (2000): A5045 | | The package veto can be overridden by a two-thirds vote in both | houses of parliament. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SOUTH KOREA (2000): A5045 | | "At least a half of members of the legislature must be present, | and at least 2/3 of them must vote for the [override] | legislation." --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A5046 >>> HEAD OF STATE - PARTIAL VETO --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QIII.A.3D. Does Head of State partial veto powers? If yes, what is the requirement to override the partial veto? .................................................................. 1. YES 5. NO 9. MISSING | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BELARUS (2001): A5046 | | Regarding partial veto powers: The President's objections to the | provisions of the bill, which are returned for a second hearing, | shall be considered to the same order. In this instance, prior | to the appropriate decision of the House of Representatives and | the Council of the Republic the bill shall be signed by the | President and become a law without the provisions which have | been rejected by the President. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - MEXICO (1997): A5046 | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - MEXICO (2000): A5046 | | "The Constitution says that the president can make general | observations on the whole or just part of the legislation | approved by the Congress or on specific parts of it. Some | authors interpret this as granting the president with a | partial veto. However, the Constitution does not explicitly | authorize the president to approve only the part of the | legislation of and return to the Congress the parts he rejects." --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A5047 >>> HEAD OF STATE - LEGISLATE BY DECREE --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QIII.A.3E. Does the Head of State have power to legislate by decree? If yes, does this require that the legislature must first specifically delegate decree authority to the Head of State by statute? If yes, are there restrictions on the policy areas in which the Head of State can legislate by decree? If yes, are there other restrictions on the Head of State's authority to legislate by decree? .................................................................. 1. YES, WITHOUT RESTRICTION 2. YES, WITH THE PERMISSION OF LEGISLATURE 3. YES, WITH RESTRICTION TO POLICY AREA 4. YES, WITH OTHER RESTRICTIONS OR SOME COMBINATION OF THE ABOVE [SEE NOTES FOR VARIABLE A5044] 5. NO 9. MISSING | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PERU (2000): A5047 | | "For most matters, the legislature must delegate decree | powers, but for "economic and financial" matters, the president | may issue extraordinary measures whenever "the national interest | requires it." Such decrees may be modified or annulled by | congress (Art. 118.19)." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - RUSSIA (1999): A5047 | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - RUSSIA (2000): A5047 | | The president may legislate by decree, as described in the | Constitution. However, these decrees may not contravene the | Constitution or existing federal laws. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SOUTH KOREA (2000): A5047 | | The legislature must first specifically delegate the authority | to the president to legislate by decree. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A5048 >>> HEAD OF STATE - EMERGENCY POWERS --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QIII.A.3F. Does the Head of State emergency powers? If yes, what actions can the head of state take under emergency authority? If yes, under what conditions can the head of state invoke emergency authority? If yes, what restrictions are there on the head of state's authority to invoke and exercise emergency authority? .................................................................. 1. RESTRICTED - EMERGENCY POWERS ARE VERY LIMITED AND ANY ACTIONS TAKEN UNDER EMERGENCY AUTHORITY MUST GAIN THE CONSENT OF THE LEGISLATURE 2. SOMEWHAT RESTRICTED - THE HEAD OF STATE HAS SOME DISCRETION IN THE USE OF THE EMERGENCY AUTHORITY UNDER CERTAIN CIRCUMSTANCES, AND/OR WITHIN CERTAIN POLICY DOMAINS. THE HEAD OF STATE MUST GAIN LEGISLATIVE APPROVAL WITHIN A SPECIFIED TIME FRAME, OR MUST CONSULT WITH THE CABINET, PARTY LEADERS, ETC. 3. SOMEWHAT ABSOLUTE - USE OF EMERGENCY POWERS ARE LARGELY AT THE DISCRETION OF THE HEAD OF STATE, BUT CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS GUARANTEE LEGISLATIVE CONTINUITY, ETC. 4. ABSOLUTE - USE OF EMERGENCY POWERS ARE VIRTUALLY UNLIMITED, SAVE FOR PERHAPS THE CIRCUMSTANCES UNDER WHICH THEY MAY BE INVOKED. 9. MISSING 0. NOT APPLICABLE; HEAD OF STATE DOES NOT HAVE EMERGENCY POWERS | NOTES: A5048 | | See notes for variable A5044 for details. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BELARUS (2001): A5048 | | Regarding emergency authority: The exercise of the personal | rights and liberties specified in this Constitution may be | suspended only during a state of emergency or martial law under | the procedure and within the limits specified in the | Constitution and the law. | | In the event of a natural disaster, a catastrophe, or unrest | involving violence or the threat of violence on the part of a | group of persons or organizations that endangers peoples' lives | and health or jeopardizes the territorial integrity and | existence of the State, declare a state of emergency in the | territory of the Republic of Belarus or in specific areas | thereof and submit the decision to the Council of the Republic | for approval within three days (Article 84, clause 22, | Constitution of the Republic of Belarus). | | In carrying out special measures during a state of emergency, | the rights specified in Article 24 (right to live), part three | of Article 25 (Nobody can be tortured, treated violently, | inhumanly, humiliate one's dignity, be punished and without | one's permission be exposed to medical or other experiences) | and Articles 26 (presumption of innocence) and 3l (freedom of | conscience) of the Constitution may not be restricted. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CHILE (1999): A5048 | | There are two different states in which the authority of the | President is broadened: assembly state and emergency state. The | first is in case of external war, and the second is in the case | of civil war or internal disturbances. | | In the "assembly state", the president can suspend personal | freedom, the meeting rights, information, opinion and work | freedom. Also, the President can suspend the exercise of | association rights and censure the mail and the communications | and requisite private property. | | In the "state of emergency", the President can move people | within national territory. The President can confine people in | their own houses or in places other than jails. Also, the | President may suspend mobility, information and opinion rights. | | For the "assembly state" the President must be supported by the | National Security council. For the "state of emergency", the | President must seek the approval of Congress (granted 90 days | without approval, but must be granted approval for continuance). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HUNGARY (1998): A5049 | | "The President of the Republic is the chairman of the National | Defense Council that exercises all the powers of government | and large part of parliament, under emergency rule." | | Emergency powers can be exercised when Hungary is threatened by | "armed attack, internal disorder, or state of necessity when | parliament is unable to exercise its competence due to cause of | the state of emergency." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - MEXICO (1997): A5048 | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - MEXICO (2000): A5048 | | "According to the article 29 of the Mexican Constitution, in | the cases of invasion, grave perturbation of the public order, | or crisis that puts the society in grave danger or conflict, | only the President of the United States of Mexico, in agreement | with Members of the Cabinet and with the approval of the | Congress, or Permanent Commission of the Congress (if the | Congress is in recess), can suspend, for a limited period of | time, either in the entire country, or in an specific zone, the | constitutional rights of citizens hampering the resolution of | the problem." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PERU (2000): A5048 | | "The President can invoke a State of Emergency, during which | the Constitutional protection of personal freedom and security, | inviolability of the home, and the freedom of movement and | assembly may be suspended. The President can also invoke a | State of Siege during which all Constitutional rights may be | suspended. Congress can always meet during either the State of | Emergency or the State of Siege (Art. 137)." | | A State of Emergency may be declared "in cases of | perturbation of the peace or internal order, of catastrophe, or | of serious circumstances that affect the life of the nation." | A State of Siege may be declared "in case of invasion, external | war, or the imminent danger of these (Art. 137)." | | "The State of Emergency may be invoked at any time. A new | presidential decree is required in order to have it last more | than 60 days. The State of Siege can last 45 days and its | continuance requires the approval of Congress (Art. 137)." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - POLAND (1997): A5048 | | The president may introduce martial law when the state's | security is endangered by external forces. A state of emergency | may be declared in the event of threats to internal security or | natural calamity. | | A state of emergency may last for 3 months, after which, the | Sejm must issue approval for an additional 3 months. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ROMANIA (1996): A5048 | | Presidential actions under emergency authority: "1. to | declare the general or partial mobilization of the army; 2. to | declare a state of emergency." | | "Restricted to one or more of the following: natural disasters, | economic crises, invasions and/or civil disorders." | | "The president has to ask for the approval of the parliament | within five days." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - RUSSIA (1999): A5048 | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - RUSSIA (2000): A5048 | | "The head of state can invoke emergency powers "under | circumstances, which present a real and imminent threat to | citizens' safety or the foundations of the constitutional order, | and these circumstances cannot be eliminated without the | implementation of emergency measures" (Art. 3, Federal Law on | Emergency Situations) Such circumstances include: attempted | coups; changes to the constitutional order or its foundations | though violence; terrorist acts; blockade of particular | localities; massive unrest; inter-nationality, inter- | denominational or regional conflicts accompanied by violence, | threatening the life and safety of citizens, and the normal | functioning of governmental and social institutions; epidemics, | resulting from accidents; dangerous natural disasters, | associated (or potentially associated) with human victims. | (Art. 4, Federal Law on Emergency Situations). The head of | state must inform both houses of the legislature immediately | about the implementation of an emergency situation" | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SLOVENIA (1996): A5048 | | A state of emergency may be declared in conditions of war. | | The head of state must have the support of parliament in | declaring a state of emergency. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SOUTH KOREA (2000): A5048 | | The president may assume emergency powers under extraordinary | circumstances such as war, natural calamity and extreme | financial crisis. Under these circumstances, the president may | make necessary financial disposals, legislate by decree, and | proclaim martial law as long as the legislature is notified and | grants its approval. Martial law must be withdrawn if requested | by a majority of all legislators. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWITZERLAND (1999): A5048 | | Under emergency authority, the head of state may "a) take | precautionary measures in a case of urgency," and b) "give a | decision in place of the entire Federal Council (Art. 26 Abs. | 2 RVOG)." | | Emergency authority may only be invoked if it is not possible | to convene the entire Federal Council. | | "Later [decisions made under emergency authority] have to be | submitted to the Federal Council for their approval (Art. 26 | Abs. 3 RVOG)." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - TAIWAN (1996): A5048 | | Under emergency authority, the head of state may "issue | emergency orders." | | The head of state may invoke emergency authority "to avert | imminent danger affecting national security or to cope with | serious financial or economic crisis." | | The head of state's emergency powers require a "resolution of | the Cabinet (the president cannot act alone)" and must be | ratified by the Legislative Yuan (upper house) within ten days. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - UKRAINE (1998): A5048 | | "The emergency authority should be confirmed in parliament." | | See Art. 106 p.2-3 for further details. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - UNITED STATES (1996): A5048 | | "The actions that a head of state can take under emergency | powers are not clearly defined. When the head of state may | invoke emergency powers is not clearly defined; usually in time | of war. The restrictions may involve a challenge by the Supreme | Court ruling those actions unconstitutional." --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A5049 >>> HEAD OF STATE - POSTPONE ELECTION --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Do emergency powers allow head of state to postpone scheduled elections or extend presidential/legislative terms indefinitely? .................................................................. 1. YES 5. NO 9. MISSING | NOTE: A5049 | | This question was not asked of the collaborators in the Macro | Report, but was researched otherwise. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A5050 >>> HEAD OF STATE - NEGOTIATE AGREEMENTS --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QIII.A.3G. Does the Head of State have power to negotiate treaties and international agreements? If yes, what other requirements are there for approval of treaties and international agreements negotiated by the head of state? .................................................................. 1. YES [SEE NOTES FOR VARIABLE A5044 FOR ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR APPROVAL OF TREATIES NEGOTIATED BY THE HEAD OF STATE] 5. NO 9. MISSING | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BELARUS (2001): A5050 | | International treaties negotiated by the Head of State must be | ratified by parliament. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CZECH REPUBLIC (1996): A5050 | | International agreements negotiated by the President must be | approved by parliament. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HUNGARY (1998): A5050 | | "Formally, the president has the power to negotiate treaties (or | to conclude them), but the president is bound by the counter- | signature of a minister [comparable to] the Prime Minister. De | facto, the president is expected to follow the government's | advice." | | "Parliament must authorize the conclusion of important treaties | and those within the wide competence of the legislature." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - MEXICO (1997): A5050 | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - MEXICO (2000): A5050 | | "In the case of international agreements and treaties the | approval of the Senate is required." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SOUTH KOREA (2000): A5050 | | International agreements negotiated by the Head of State "need | consent [of] the legislature." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - UNITED STATES (1996): A5050 | | "The requirement for approval of treaties and international | agreements made by the head of state is the approval of 2/3 | majority in the Senate (Upper House of the legislature)." --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A5051 >>> HEAD OF STATE - COMMANDER OF FORCES --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QIII.A.3H.1. Does the Head of State have power as commander of the armed forces? .................................................................. 1. YES 5. NO 9. MISSING --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A5052 >>> HEAD OF STATE - PROMOTION OF OFFICERS --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QIII.A.3H.2. If yes, does the Head of State control promotions of high ranking officers? .................................................................. 1. YES 5. NO 9. MISSING 0. NOT APPLICABLE; HEAD OF STATE IS NOT THE COMMANDER OF THE ARMED FORCES --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A5053 >>> HEAD OF STATE - DEMOTION OF OFFICERS --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QIII.A.3H.3. If yes, can the Head of State dismiss or demote high- ranking officers? .................................................................. 1. YES 5. NO 9. MISSING 0. NOT APPLICABLE; HEAD OF STATE IS NOT THE COMMANDER OF THE ARMED FORCES --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A5054 >>> HEAD OF STATE - MOBILIZE TROOPS --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QIII.A.3H.4. If yes, can the Head of State mobilize and demobilize troops? .................................................................. 1. YES 5. NO 9. MISSING 0. NOT APPLICABLE; HEAD OF STATE IS NOT THE COMMANDER OF THE ARMED FORCES --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A5055 >>> HEAD OF STATE - INTRODUCE REFERENDA --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QIII.A.3I. Does the head of State have power to introduce referenda? If yes, under what conditions? .................................................................. 1. YES [SEE NOTES FOR VARIABLE A5044 FOR CONDITIONS] 5. NO 9. MISSING | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CZECH REPUBLIC (1996): A5050 | | Regarding the power of the head of state to introduce referenda, | "no referendum legislation existing (only mentioned in the | constitution)." --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A5056 >>> HEAD OF STATE - REFER LEGISLATION TO JUDICIARY --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QIII.A.3J. Does the Head of State have the power to refer legislation to the judicial branch for review of constitutionality? .................................................................. 1. YES 5. NO 9. MISSING --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A5057 >>> HEAD OF STATE - LEGISLATIVE SESSIONS --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QIII.A.3K. Does the Head of State have power to convene special legislative sessions? If yes, is this the Head of State's power exclusively, or can any other(s) do this as well? .................................................................. 1. YES, SHARED POWER WITH OTHER(S) [SEE NOTES FOR VARIABLES A5043-A5058] 2. YES, EXCLUSIVE POWER 5. NO 9. MISSING --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A5058 >>> PRIME MINISTER - NAME CABINET --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QIII.B.3. If there is a prime minister, what authorities does the prime minister have over the composition of the cabinet? .................................................................. 1. NAMES, ASSIGNS, DISMISSES AND REASSIGNS PORTFOLIOS ALONE 2. NOMINATES MINISTERS FOR APPROVAL BY PRESIDENT 3. REVIEWS AND APPROVES NOMINATIONS MADE BY THE PRESIDENT 4. NOMINATES MINISTERS FOR APPROVAL BY THE LEGISLATURE 9. MISSING 0. NOT APPLICABLE; NO PRIME MINISTER --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A5059 >>> PRIME MINISTER - CHAIR CABINET MEETINGS --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QIII.B.4A. If there is a prime minister, what authorities does the prime minister have over the policy making process? Chairs cabinet meetings? .................................................................. 1. YES 5. NO 9. MISSING 0. NOT APPLICABLE; NO PRIME MINISTER --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A5060 >>> PRIME MINISTER - LEGISLATURE SCHEDULES --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QIII.B.4B. If there is a prime minister, what authorities does the prime minister have over the policy making process? Determines schedule of issues to be considered by the legislature? .................................................................. 1. YES 5. NO 9. MISSING 0. NOT APPLICABLE; NO PRIME MINISTER --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A5061 >>> PRIME MINISTER - POLICY ALTERNATIVES --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QIII.B.4C. If there is a prime minister, what authorities does the prime minister have over the policy making process? Determines which alternatives will be voted on by the legislature and in which order? .................................................................. 1. YES 5. NO 9. MISSING 0. NOT APPLICABLE; NO PRIME MINISTER --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A5062 >>> PRIME MINISTER - REFERS POLICY TO COMMITTEE --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QIII.B.4D. If there is a prime minister, what authorities does the prime minister have over the policy making process? Refers legislative proposals to party or legislative committees? .................................................................. 1. YES 5. NO 9. MISSING 0. NOT APPLICABLE; NO PRIME MINISTER --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A5063 >>> PRIME MINISTER - VOTES OF CONFIDENCE --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QIII.B.4E. If there is a prime minister, what authorities does the prime minister have over the policy making process? Calls votes of confidence in government? .................................................................. 1. YES 5. NO 9. MISSING 0. NOT APPLICABLE; NO PRIME MINISTER --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A5064 >>> METHODS OF CABINET DISMISSAL --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QIII.B.5. By what method(s) can cabinet members, or the entire cabinet, be dismissed? .................................................................. 1. BY HEAD OF STATE ALONE 2. BY HEAD OF GOVERNMENT ALONE 3. BY MAJORITY VOTE OF THE LEGISLATURE 4. SOME COMBINATION OF THE ABOVE 5. OTHER [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] 9. MISSING 0. NOT APPLICABLE; CABINET CANNOT BE DISMISSED | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - AUSTRALIA (1996): A5064 | | "By convention, the Prime Minister appoints/dismisses cabinet | members, and would resign along with his government, if he/she | no longer had the majority support of the House of | Representatives. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CZECH REPUBLIC (1996): A5064 | | Members may be dismissed by the President, as the result of a | proposal by the Prime Minister. | | A majority vote of the legislature may dismiss the entire | cabinet. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HUNGARY (1998): A5064 | | "Formally, the President appoints and dismisses the ministers, | but the substantive decision is that of the Prime Minister. The | President is strongly expected to act as a rubber stamp." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - RUSSIA (1999): A5064 | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - RUSSIA (2000): A5064 | | The cabinet may be dismissed "by the head of state alone, by | resignation, or by the following two procedures (Article 117 of | the Russian Constitution): a) If the legislature expresses | non-confidence in the government twice within three months, the | President can either announce the resignation of the government | or dissolve the legislature (Art. 117, par. 3 of the | Constitution of the Russian Federation); b) If the legislature | passes a no-confidence vote in the government, put before it by | the Prime Minister, the President can decide whether to announce | the resignation of the government or the dissolution of the | legislature (Art. 117, par. 4 of the Constitution of the Russian | Federation)" (CSES Macro Report: Russia). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SOUTH KOREA (2000): A5064 | | Cabinet members may be nominated by either the Prime Minister or | the President, subject to approval of the other. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SPAIN (1996): A5064 | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SPAIN (2000): A5064 | | "Cabinet members can only be dismissed by the [head of | government], but the [head of government] can be dismissed by a | majority vote of those legislators voting if and only if they | agree on a new [head of government] to replace him/her in the | same voting act." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - TAIWAN (1996): A5064 | | The cabinet may be dismissed by the Prime Minister alone, or by | a majority of the legislature where a majority of all | legislators are present. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - THAILAND (2001): A5064 | | There are several means by which the cabinet may be dissolved, | or a minister dismissed. Among them, the Constitutional Court | may dismiss a minister if petitioned by at least 50,000 | citizens. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A5065 >>> DISSOLUTION OF LEGISLATURE --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QIII.B.6. Can the legislature be dissolved prior to regularly schedule elections? .................................................................. 0. NO 1. YES, BY HEAD OF STATE ALONE 2. YES, BY HEAD OF GOVERNMENT ALONE 3. YES, BY MAJORITY VOTE OF THE LEGISLATURE 4. YES, BY SOME COMBINATION OF THE ABOVE 5. OTHER [SEE VARIABLE NOTES] | NOTES: A5065 | | See also notes for variable A5064 | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - AUSTRALIA (1996): A5065 | | "Were the Governor-General to arbitrarily | exercise his formal powers of dismissal, he would, as he did in | 1975, dismiss the government (i.e. all cabinet members including | the Prime Minister) and dissolve parliament (i.e. the House and | the Senate)." | | "By convention, the House may be dissolved (at any point prior | to its constitutional limit of three years) by the Governor- | General on the advice of the Prime Minister." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - BELARUS (2001): A5065 | | Article 94. The powers of the House of Representatives may be | terminated prematurely where no confidence is expressed or a | non-confidence vote is expressed to the Government, or where the | House fails twice to give its consent for the appointment of the | Prime Minister. | | The powers of the House of Representatives or the Council of the | Republic may be prematurely terminated in accordance with the | conclusion of the Constitutional Court due to systematic and | gross violation of the Constitution by the chambers of the | Parliament. | | The decision to this issue shall be taken by the President | within two months after official consultations with the Chairs | of the chambers. | | The chambers may not be dissolved during a state of emergency or | martial law, in the last six months of the term of office of the | President, in the course of proceedings of both chambers on the | premature removal of the President from office. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - CZECH REPUBLIC (1996): A5065 | | The legislature may be dissolved not less than 3 months before a | scheduled election. | | The legislature may be dissolved following 120 days of inaction. | | Following the election, the legislature may by dissolved if | after 3 months, the government fails to gain its confidence, or | is unable to convene 1/3 of all legislators. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - DENMARK (1998): A5065 | | The government must resign if there is a vote of no confidence. | "The definition of what constitutes a "no confidence" vote | has changed from having a majority against the government on a | proposal to an explicit vote of no confidence." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HONG KONG (1998): A5065 | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HONG KONG (2000): A5065 | | The Chief Executive may dissolve the legislature once during his | or her term in office. | | If the Chief Executive refuses to sign a bill passed the second | time by the Legislative Council, or the Legislative Council | refuses to pass a budget or any other important bill introduced | by the government, or if consensus still cannot be reached after | consultations, the Chief Executive may dissolve the Legislative | Council. The Chief Executive must consult the Executive | Council before dissolving the Legislative Council. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - HUNGARY (1998): A5065 | | "'Constructive vote of non-confidence': The dismissal of the | government (actually the Prime Minister, since that is the only | way Parliament can dismiss ministers) is valid only if at the | same time, a new Prime Minister is elected by Parliament." | | "The President can dissolve Parliament if: 1. parliament passes | a vote of (constructive) non-confidence in the government four | times within a 12-month period. 2. in the case of the end of | mandate of the government (e.g. with the death of the Prime | Minister), if the person proposed by the President is not | elected by Parliament within forty days." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ISRAEL (1996): A5065 | | The legislature can be dissolved by a) a majority vote of the | legislature, or b) by the Prime Minister with the agreement of | the President. "In both cases, the early election of the | Knesset also means early elections for the Prime Minister at | the same time (head of state + PM)." | | "The legislature may be dissolved if "1. the budget is not | passed within 3 months of the beginning of the fiscal year. | 2. If the Prime Minister fails to bring a cabinet for approval | to the Knesset within 45 days after the election." | | "Vote of 61 MP's dissolves the Knesset (i.e.) new election for | Knesset and Prime Minister." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - JAPAN (1996): A5065 | | "The popular theoretical view support the constitutionality of a | dissolution on the basis of Art. 7, which, as a practical | matter, gives a free hand to the Cabinet to determine when to | dissolve the House." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - LITHUANIA (1997): A5065 | | The legislature may be dismissed by either the head of state, | or by a majority vote in the legislature. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - PERU (2000): A5065 | | "The Congress cannot be dissolved in the last year of its | mandate (Art. 134)." | | "Only if congress has censured or denied confidence to two | cabinets (Art. 134)." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - POLAND (1997): A5065 | | "The Sejm might be dissolved by it's own vote, or by the | President under conditions specified in the Constitutional Act | (Arts. 21 and 62)." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - ROMANIA (1996): A5065 | | The legislature may be dissolved by the President in | conjunction with the Prime Minister. | | The president can dissolve the legislature if 1. the | legislature has not expressed a vote of confidence for the | executive within 60 days of the first request of the president; | or 2. the legislature has rejected the cabinet twice; or 3. the | president, in consultation with the presidents of the upper and | lower houses, and the party leaders decides to dissolve the | legislature. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - RUSSIA (1999): A5065 | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - RUSSIA (2000): A5065 | | The following restrict the conditions under which the | legislature may be dissolved: a) An acting president (the Prime | Minister during the three months after a resignation/ | incapacitation/death of the President and leading to new | presidential elections) cannot dissolve the legislature; b) the | President has to dissolve the legislature if the legislature | rejects his candidate for Prime Minister three times (Art. 111 | of the Constitution of the Russian Federation); c) If the | legislature expresses non-confidence in the government twice | within three months, the President can either announce the | resignation of the government or dissolve the legislature (Art. | 117, par. 3 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation); | d) If the legislature passes a no-confidence vote in the | government, put before it by the Prime Minister, the President | can decide whether to announce the resignation of the government | or the dissolution of the legislature (Art. 117, par. 4 of the | Constitution of the Russian Federation). | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SLOVENIA (1996): A5065 | | "The prime minister can be dismissed by the constructive vote | of non-confidence by parliament, i.e. by electing a new prime | minister." | | "Formally, [the legislature may be dissolved] by the head of | state [if] the legislature was to pass a unanimous vote of no | confidence in a Prime Minister and fails to approve a new | candidate in the scheduled time." | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SPAIN (1996): A5065 | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SPAIN (2000): A5065 | | The legislature cannot be dissolved within the year following | a legislative election. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - SWITZERLAND (1999): A5065 | | Dissolution of the Legislature/ Dismissal of Cabinet. The | cabinet may be dismissed and the legislature dissolved if, | through referendum, it is determined that the modification of | the entire constitution should be considered. | ELECTION STUDY NOTES - TAIWAN (1996): A5065 | | The legislature can be dissolved by the head of state, following | a vote of no confidence, or at the request of the prime minister | following a vote of no confidence. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- A5066 >>> RESTRICTIONS ON DISSOLVING LEGISLATURE --------------------------------------------------------------------------- QIII.B.7 (continued)... are there restrictions on when and how the legislature can be dissolved? .................................................................. 1. YES, ON THE TIMING OF DISSOLUTION 2. YES, AS A RESPONSE TO INACTION IN THE LEGISLATURE 3. YES, OTHER RESTRICTIONS 5. NO 0. NOT APPLICABLE; LEGISLATURE CANNOT BE DISSOLVED | NOTES: A5066 | | See also notes for variables A5064 and A5065 //END OF FILE